US8176887B2 - Electromagnetic actuating device - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuating device Download PDF

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US8176887B2
US8176887B2 US12/665,262 US66526208A US8176887B2 US 8176887 B2 US8176887 B2 US 8176887B2 US 66526208 A US66526208 A US 66526208A US 8176887 B2 US8176887 B2 US 8176887B2
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units
unit
tappet
actuator
armature
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US20100192885A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Golz
Thomas Schiepp
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ETO Magnetic GmbH
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ETO Magnetic GmbH
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Assigned to ETO MAGNETIC GMBH reassignment ETO MAGNETIC GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GOLZ, THOMAS, SCHIEPP, THOMAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/126—Supporting or mounting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/01—Absolute values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/03—Auxiliary actuators
    • F01L2820/031—Electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuation device.
  • Devices of this type are generally known from the prior art and are used for manifold actuation tasks, for example in connection with internal combustion engines.
  • German Patent Application 102 40 774 shows an example for a known actuator unit, for example.
  • the object is achieved by means of the electromagnetic actuation device with a plurality of electromagnetic actuator units, which can be selectively controlled for exerting an actuation force on a corresponding plurality of elongated tappet units, characterised in that the actuator units are provided in a housing along their actuation direction preferably axially parallel to one another, in each case form a working surface which is at least sectionally flat and can be axially moved in the actuation direction at one engagement end facing and in each case assigned one of the tappet units, and interacts with an engagement-side end face of a respective one of the tappet units using the engagement surface, wherein at least one of the plurality of tappet units rests using its engagement-side end face excentrically and/or using only a part surface on the engagement surface of the associated actuator unit, particularly adheres thereto magnetically.
  • the plurality of actuator units is first provided (wherein a particularly preferred realisation form of the invention provides at least three actuator units with three tappet units accordingly) in a preferably cylindrical and/or hollow cylindrical housing.
  • the elongated (even preferably cylindrical, even more preferably realised from a metal material) tappet units are driven in that the tappet units rest on an engagement surface of a respective assigned actuator unit (preferably adhere there by means of magnetic action), wherein the engagement surface typically forms the distal end of an armature unit of the relevant actuator unit.
  • the object of an arrangement of the tappet units next to one another which is as compact as possible can then be achieved in that—in the case of adjacent actuator units which are driven parallel to one another—respective tappet units which rest thereon interact with the engagement surfaces excentrically or with their end faces on the engagement side in such a manner that an arrangement which is as compact as possible of the tappet units, which are preferably guided axially parallel to one another takes place, thus—in accordance with the predetermined actuation or use conditions—minimal axial spacings of the tappet units from one another can be realised.
  • the common housing which accommodates the actuator units interacts at the end face side with a housing guiding section (guide tube), which offers guides—typically in the form of through holes which run in parallel to one another—for the plurality of the tappet units.
  • At least one of the actuator units is realised in a space-saving manner and at the same time electromagnetically optimised manner by means of a flux-conducting actuator casing unit, which is of bow-shaped construction.
  • a flux-conducting actuator casing unit which is of bow-shaped construction.
  • the armature unit is additionally beneficial to create the armature unit from a widened armature section, which armature section has a permanent magnet and at least one armature disc provided thereon (preferably for forming the engagement surface), wherein this widened armature section then merges axially into an elongated armature tappet section, which is guided in a core (preferably a core having a corresponding guide hole).
  • the core (core unit) can then itself preferably accommodate a compression spring provided in accordance with development, which compression spring acts against the armature, and/or have a through hole for fluids (particularly air) for the further movement optimisation by means of pressure equalization.
  • the compression spring provided in accordance with development has proven advantageous, particularly with respect to an optimisation of switching time at low temperatures; in the retracted state of the armature unit, the compression spring is pretensioned by means of the armature tappet section. As soon as current is then applied to the coil unit, the retaining force of the permanent magnet on the core is initially weakened. Additionally, the repelling force acts between coil unit and permanent magnet, as a result of which the armature moves due to the spring force and the repulsion between the permanent magnet and coil unit as soon as the magnetic field has been built up.
  • At least one of the (metallic) tappet units is provided with a plurality of sections in the axial direction: a first, magnetically optimised section of the tappet unit forms the end face on the engagement side, that is to say interacts with the engagement surface of the armature unit, whilst an opposite second tappet section is optimised with respect to hardness and wear properties, more or less for the purpose of interaction with a downstream actuation assembly.
  • a realisation of this type of a plurality of sections of the tappet unit can in this case take place either by means of suitable material influence of a one-piece unit, alternatively in the context of preferred developments, the tappet unit can be assembled in a suitable manner by means of a plurality of individual sections, wherein, in this regard, the disclosure content of the applicant's German Utility Model Application 20 2006 011 905 should be regarded as belonging to the present invention and as included in the present disclosure.
  • it is suitable in a beneficial manner in accordance with development to realise the first magnetically optimised section of the tappet unit by means of a soft-magnetic material, wherein ferromagnetic metals (such as iron, cobalt, nickel) are further preferably beneficially suitable for realisation.
  • the second tappet unit is preferred in accordance with development in the context of the invention to realise the second tappet unit from austenitic material, wherein here in particular cold forming methods can increase the hardness of the second section further.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for realising actuation tasks by means of three tappet units which run axially parallel to one another and in one plane, advantageously for camshaft displacement for an internal combustion engine for example, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the spacing of two tappet units which are guided towards one another can also advantageously be optimised in particular in the context of the invention, just as realisation forms are conceivable, in which more than three tappet units are driven in a compact and space-saving manner by means of an associated actuator unit in each case.
  • the present invention is not limited to this; rather it is sufficient for the realisation of the advantages according to the invention if merely one component of the motion vector of each tappet unit runs in the actuation direction, wherein skew directions of extension of the tappet units or directions of extension of the tappet units which are inclined with respect to one another in some other manner in particular are also comprised by the present invention.
  • the guiding of the tappet units in a common housing is also the typical realisation form, yet variants are conceivable and comprised in the context of the invention, in which variants respective tappet units are guided in separate individual housings which are correspondingly adjacent to one another.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the electromagnetic actuation device according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention (with the housing removed);
  • FIG. 2 shows a rear view/plan view onto the arrangement according to FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view onto the arrangement according to FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view through the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 (with housing) along a section line B-B in FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section through the device according to FIG. 4 along the section line A-A;
  • FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section through an actuator unit according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 show detail views turned through 90° of the bow-shaped flux-conduction element (actuator casing unit) for use in the actuator unit according to FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 show a perspective as well as side view to clarify the interaction between an actuator unit ( FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 ) with a tappet unit which interacts excentrically as well as over part of a surface;
  • FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the electromagnetic actuation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention with two tappet units;
  • FIG. 12 shows a longitudinal section through the device according to FIG. 11 ;
  • FIG. 13 , FIG. 14 show detail views to clarify the interaction of an actuator unit of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 with a tappet unit;
  • FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 show schematic diagrams to clarify the magnetic interaction of the permanent magnets of two adjacent actuator units in the retracted state ( FIG. 15 ) and in the extended state of an actuator unit ( FIG. 16 );
  • FIG. 17 shows a longitudinal section analogous to FIG. 5 to clarify a further embodiment with tappet units which consist of a plurality of functional sections;
  • FIG. 18 , FIG. 19 show a side and perspective view of a variant of the present invention of a tappet unit which is inclined relatively to an actuator movement direction, which tappet unit additionally has a spherically curved end face for interacting with the actuator.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 for the first exemplary embodiment show how three actuator units 10 , 12 , 14 are arranged distributed in a housing (only a circular housing lid 16 is shown as a yoke) in such a manner that the actuator units 10 to 14 bear against a hollow cylindrical inner wall of a housing casing 18 (not shown in the FIGS. 1 and 3 ).
  • a flat housing section 20 on the engagement side sits on the housing lid (yoke) 16 , which flat housing section has three openings next to one another in an extension plane for guiding three tappet units 22 , 24 , 26 , which tappet units are mounted axially parallel in the manner shown and can be driven selectively in a manner to be described below by means of an assigned one of the actuator units 10 , 12 , 14 .
  • a maximum diameter d ( FIG. 2 ) of one of the actuator units 10 to 14 is approx 17 mm; the arrangement shown can, in the case of an assumed diameter of the elongated cylindrical tappet units 22 , 24 , 26 of 5 mm, therefore realise an average axial spacing a of the tappet units of 7 mm in the manner shown in FIG. 3 , in accordance with the installation and actuation conditions on a downstream assembly, in the present exemplary embodiment a camshaft control for an internal combustion engine, which camshaft control can be actuated (not shown) by the three tappets 22 , 24 , 26 .
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 (in a deviation from FIGS. 1 and 3 , the cylindrical housing casing 18 is also shown here) in particular clarify the geometric relationships in the transition between the actuator units 10 to 14 (more precisely the engagement-side engagement surfaces 28 , 30 , 32 of the actuator units) and the end faces 34 , 36 and 38 directed towards them in each case: it emerges, cf. in particular the section view of FIG. 4 , that the tappet units 22 , 24 , 26 in each case rest excentrically on the disc-shaped engagement surfaces 28 to 32 , wherein the likewise circular end faces 34 to 38 partially project beyond a respective outer edge of the engagement surfaces 28 to 32 of the actuator units, in the manner shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the tappet units have flat end faces in the exemplary embodiment shown, as for example shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the movement direction of the actuator units does not correspond to the movement direction of the tappet units, rather, for example, the tappet units are inclined (also relatively to one another) with respect to the movement direction of the actuator units (or their engagement surfaces 28 to 32 ).
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 clarify constructive details of the three actuator units 10 to 12 : an armature created from an elongated, cylindrical armature tappet section 40 as well as a widened armature section 47 , itself formed in a layered manner from an armature disc 42 , a permanent magnet disc 44 and also a pole disc 46 , forms one of the engagement surfaces 28 to 32 on the outer surface of the pole disc 46 and is guided in an elongated hollow cylindrical core element 48 , which, opposite the armature disc 42 , forms an annular collar section 50 and has a through hole 52 along its axial direction of extension, which, to optimise the fluid flow, enables a free air flow in the arrangement for example and is furthermore constructed to accommodate a compression spring 54 , which, in the stopped state of the armature shown in FIG. 6 , pretensions the latter in its rightwards-directed movement direction.
  • a compression spring 54 which, in the stopped state of the armature shown in FIG. 6 , pretensions the latter in its rightward
  • the yoke element 48 is initially enclosed in turn by a coil unit which has a coil former 56 and also a winding 58 and is itself sectionally enclosed in the circumferential direction by a bow-shaped flux-conduction element 60 , which offers an opening for a narrow end of the yoke element 48 at one end and opens into two free limbs 62 , 64 at the other end, which limbs delimit the actuation path of the armature (and therefore also of the pole disc 46 with engagement surface).
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show the bow-shaped flux-conduction element 60 in detail; the limbs 62 and 64 are formed in the manner of sections of an elongated cylinder and sit integrally on a bottom section 66 . Variants of this exemplary embodiment additionally provide, in the context of the present invention, that the bow-shaped flux-conduction element 60 has only one limb and another of the limb pair 62 or 64 can be omitted. Although this leads to a reduction of the magnetic properties, it potentially enables the further condensing of a plurality of actuator units formed therewith to a compact structure.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 clarify, as an isolated illustration of an actuator unit with a tappet unit, how—in the case of practically unimpaired electromagnetic functionality—the bow-shaped flux-conduction unit 60 only encloses the arrangement made up of the coil unit, yoke element and armature unit in opposite sections in the circumferential direction, and at the same time establishes the possibility for the part of the end face of the tappet unit 22 shown to project at the edge beyond the engagement surface 28 .
  • FIG. 2 clarifies, in this respect, how the elongated-disc-shaped bottom sections 66 and the limbs 62 , 64 of the respective flux-conduction elements are placed in such a manner that—to minimise the packing density in the hollow-cylindrical housing—no reciprocal influencing of the flux-conduction elements 60 takes place, rather the (lower) external diameter of the coil units can be used effectively for space minimisation.
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 show an alternative realisation form of the present invention according to a second exemplary embodiment.
  • This exemplary embodiment provides only two tappet units 70 , 72 , which are moved by associated actuator units 74 or 76 in each case.
  • the actuator units 74 and 76 correspond constructively to the realisation explained on the basis of FIGS. 6 to 8 and sit in a common housing 78 in the exemplary embodiment shown, which common housing has a flat contour (the reference number 80 schematically shows a fixing flange for the housing arrangement 78 ).
  • the elongated cylindrical tappet units 70 , 72 are in turn guided in a front housing section 82 in such a manner that they can be moved parallel to one another while minimising their axial spacing (in turn approx. 7 mm), wherein, as FIG. 12 allows to be seen, the tappet units 70 , 72 in each case rest, in the manner according to the invention, excentrically on the outer engagement surfaces formed by a respective pole disc 46 (or adhere there magnetically).
  • the tappet units 70 and 72 here consist in each case of two sections, a first magnetically optimised section 84 and also a second section 86 seated thereon in the longitudinal direction, which is adapted for optimised interaction with an end-side engagement partner in particular, for example by means of suitable hardening (or other forms of treatment for wear resistance or the like).
  • a respective one of the tappet units 70 , 72 is assembled from two suitable metal materials for the sections 84 and 86 ; other alternatives for the realisation of the plurality of sections are conceivable, just as is a use of the two-part tappet units in the context of the first exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 10 (to this extent, FIG.
  • FIG. 17 shows this variant as a further exemplary embodiment, wherein identical function components are provided with the same reference numbers and the tappet units 22 ′, 24 ′ and also 26 ′ are accordingly two-part variants).
  • first section 84 or the second section 86 reference is made to the applicant's DE 20 2006 011 905 U1; according to which the use of a soft-magnetic or ferromagnetic material for the first section is particularly beneficially suitable, whilst, for example, an austenitic material is beneficial for the realisation of the second section and both sections are permanently connected to one another by means of suitable bonding methods.
  • the second section can, in the context of preferred developments, also be realised by means of hardening, or similar measures, of an otherwise magnetically beneficial (e.g. soft-magnetic) material.
  • FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 the detail views of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 in turn clarify the excentric or also laterally projecting resting of the tappet units on a respective engagement surface.
  • FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 clarify a magnetic interaction between two adjacent actuator units, wherein this applies both for the first exemplary embodiment with three tappet units and for the second exemplary embodiment with two tappet units:
  • FIG. 15 schematically shows how, in the retracted state of two adjacent actuator units, the respective permanent magnet disc 44 (magnetised in the axial direction) is located at the same height in each case, in other words, and as is shown by the double arrow in FIG. 15 , a repulsion effect of the respective same magnetic poles from one another results, so that a repulsion force between the respective armature units exists in this operating state.
  • the actuator units is moved out of its rest position (that is to say approximately in accordance with FIG.
  • a tappet unit 90 definitely rests on the engagement surface 28 of the actuator unit here, analogously to the illustration of FIGS. 9 and 10 (to this extent, the reference numbers for the actuator unit 60 remain), wherein however, in deviation from the tappet unit 22 , the tappet unit 90 forms a convexly curved spherical end section 92 at the engagement side for interacting with the end face 28 , so that a reliable interaction and a reliable force transmission between the units is ensured in the end region of the disc 28 .
  • the geometry which can be recognised from the illustrations of FIGS.
  • the present invention is not limited to the configurations shown with two or three tappet units, but rather is also suitable in principle for a larger number of actuators and associated tappet units. Even if a preferred area of application of the present invention lies in the realisation of actuation tasks in the case of internal combustion engines, for example in camshaft displacement, the area of application of the present invention is in principle unlimited and is particularly effective where only a small installation space is available for a plurality of actuator units and yet respective tappets must fulfil their actuation purpose with only a very small spacing from one another at the same time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
US12/665,262 2007-06-19 2008-06-19 Electromagnetic actuating device Active 2029-05-11 US8176887B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007028600 2007-06-19
DE102007028600.9 2007-06-19
DE102007028600A DE102007028600B4 (de) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung
PCT/EP2008/004935 WO2008155119A1 (fr) 2007-06-19 2008-06-19 Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique

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US8176887B2 true US8176887B2 (en) 2012-05-15

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US (1) US8176887B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2158596B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5307803B2 (fr)
CN (2) CN103971877B (fr)
DE (2) DE102007028600B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008155119A1 (fr)

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US20150015347A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Device for detecting resetting of a circuit breaker, actuator of a separating mechanism of the circuit breaker contacts, electric circuit breaker and use of an induced current to generate a resetting indication signal
US8939119B2 (en) 2011-05-30 2015-01-27 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Camshaft adjustment device
US9583249B2 (en) 2014-10-31 2017-02-28 Husco Automotive Holdings Llc Methods and systems for push pin actuator
US9761363B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2017-09-12 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Electromagnetic actuating apparatus
US20170271115A1 (en) * 2016-03-17 2017-09-21 Husco Automotive Holdings Inc. Systems and methods for an electromagnetic actuator
US10707002B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2020-07-07 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Electromagnetic adjusting device and use of such an adjusting device
US10738665B2 (en) 2017-09-01 2020-08-11 Man Truck & Bus Ag Sliding cam system
US10851907B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2020-12-01 Husco Automotive Holdings Llc System and methods for an electromagnetic actuator
US11448103B2 (en) * 2018-06-28 2022-09-20 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Electromagnetic soft actuators

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FR2980518B1 (fr) * 2011-09-26 2015-06-19 Valeo Sys Controle Moteur Sas Systeme de transmission du mouvement de cames a une soupape
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FR2990482B1 (fr) * 2012-05-14 2015-01-09 Valeo Sys Controle Moteur Sas Dispositif de verrouillage pour un systeme de transmission du mouvement d'au moins une came a au moins une soupape
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US20100192885A1 (en) 2010-08-05
DE202008008142U1 (de) 2008-10-30
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DE102007028600B4 (de) 2011-06-22
CN103971877A (zh) 2014-08-06
DE102007028600A1 (de) 2008-12-24
JP2010530621A (ja) 2010-09-09
CN103971877B (zh) 2016-10-19
CN101689419A (zh) 2010-03-31
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CN101689419B (zh) 2014-05-21
WO2008155119A1 (fr) 2008-12-24

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