US7812503B2 - Piezoelectric actuator drive device - Google Patents

Piezoelectric actuator drive device Download PDF

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US7812503B2
US7812503B2 US12/194,159 US19415908A US7812503B2 US 7812503 B2 US7812503 B2 US 7812503B2 US 19415908 A US19415908 A US 19415908A US 7812503 B2 US7812503 B2 US 7812503B2
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discharging
charging
switch
switching control
boost
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US20090051247A1 (en
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Tatsuya Kakehi
Noboru Nagase
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H02N2/06—Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
    • H02N2/065—Large signal circuits, e.g. final stages
    • H02N2/067—Large signal circuits, e.g. final stages generating drive pulses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for driving a piezoelectric actuator and more particularly to a piezoelectric actuator drive device which is applied to a fuel injection control apparatus for an engine.
  • a stack of piezoelectric plates is expanded or contracted by electric charging/discharging, thereby to rectilinearly move a piston or the like.
  • a piezoelectric injector for fuel injection is opened and closed by such expansion and contraction of the stack of piezoelectric plates.
  • a fuel injection control apparatus which controls the fuel injection into an internal combustion engine by driving the piezoelectric injector, includes a DC/DC converter of the boost type.
  • a voltage higher than a battery voltage is generated as a power source voltage across a capacitor, so that the piezoelectric actuator within the piezoelectric injector is charged by electric energy stored in the capacitor.
  • FIG. 13A An example of the fuel injection control apparatus of this type is shown in FIG. 13A .
  • the terminal of the boost switch SW 0 opposite to the side of the boosting coil L 0 and the terminal of the capacitor C 0 opposite to the side of the diode D 0 are connected to the ground potential through a resistor R 0 , which is for current detection.
  • a switching element such as a MOSFET or a bipolar transistor is employed as the boost switch SW 0 .
  • a boost SW current Iswo indicated by a solid line at the second stage of FIG. 13B is a current which flows through the boosting coil L 0 and the boost switch SW 0
  • a capacitor current Ico indicated by a broken line is a charging current which flows from the charging coil L 0 to the capacitor C 0 through the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0
  • both the boost SW current and the capacitor current become a current which flows through the resistor R 0 , as indicated by a dot-and-dash line at the third stage of FIG. 13B .
  • discharging from the capacitor C 0 onto the side of the boost switch SW 0 is prevented by the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 .
  • the boost controller 10 when the boost controller 10 holds the boost switch SW 0 in the ON state thereof it detects the current Iswo flowing through the boost switch SW 0 (the boost SW current), on the basis of a voltage generated across the resistor R 0 . Besides, when the boost controller 10 determines that the current has increased to a preset OFF changeover threshold value Iofff, it changes the boost switch SW 0 from ON to OFF. Further, when the boost controller 10 holds the boost switch SW 0 in the OFF state thereof, it detects the charging current flowing from the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 to the capacitor C 0 (the capacitor current), on the basis of a voltage generated across the resistor R 0 . In addition, when the boost controller 10 determines that the charging current has decreased to a preset ON changeover threshold value Ion (in this example, substantially 0 A), it changes the boost switch SW 0 from OFF to ON.
  • Ion in this example, substantially 0 A
  • the boost switch SW 0 is repeatedly turned on and off, and the capacitor C 0 is charged stepwise.
  • the boost controller 10 monitors the capacitor voltage VC. When the capacitor voltage VC has reached a target value (a target charged voltage), the boost controller 10 stops the boost switching control and holds the boost switch SW 0 in the OFF state thereof.
  • the fuel injection control apparatus includes a charging/discharging coil 1 which is connected in series with a piezoelectric actuator 2 , a charging path 6 which serves to feed a supply voltage from the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 (that is, the terminal of the capacitor C 0 opposite to the ground potential side thereof) through a charging switch 4 to a series circuit 3 of the charging/discharging coil 1 and the piezoelectric actuator 2 , and a discharging path 8 which is connected in parallel with the series circuit 3 and which serves to discharge the stored charges of the piezoelectric actuator 2 through a discharging switch 7 .
  • the piezoelectric actuator 2 of this example is included in an injector which injects fuel into any one of the plurality of cylinders of the internal combustion engine, and it opens the injector by being expanded.
  • This piezoelectric actuator 2 is one of a plurality of piezoelectric actuators which are connected in series with the charging/discharging coil 1 and in parallel with one another. Therefore, the terminal of the piezoelectric actuator 2 opposite to the side of the charging/discharging coil 1 (the terminal of the piezoelectric actuator 2 on the negative side thereof) is connected to the ground potential through a selection switch (cylinder selection switch) 9 which is a switching element for selecting this piezoelectric actuator 2 as an element to-be-driven. In addition, the selection switch 9 is turned on during a period for which the fuel injection into the cylinder corresponding to the piezoelectric actuator 2 is executed.
  • the charging switch 4 and the discharging switch 7 are MOSFETs, and diodes 4 a and 7 a in FIG. 13A are the parasitic diodes of the MOSFETs forming the switches 4 and 7 , respectively.
  • a drive signal Sd for commanding the drive of the piezoelectric actuator 2 becomes an active level (in this example, “high”)
  • a charging switching control in which the ON/OFF of the charging switch 4 is repeated is performed in the ON state of the selection switch 9 and the OFF state of the discharging switch 7 , whereby the piezoelectric actuator 2 is charged and expanded to consequently open the injector.
  • the charging switch 4 in the charging switching control mode (a charging period), the charging switch 4 is turned on in the OFF state of the discharging switch 7 , whereby a charging current Ic is caused to flow from the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 to the piezoelectric actuator 2 as indicated by an arrow of solid line in FIG. 14A . Thereafter, the charging switch 4 is turned off, whereby a charging current (namely, a flywheel current) which flows due to energy stored in the charging/discharging coil 1 is caused to flow from the negative side to the positive side of the piezoelectric actuator 2 through the parasitic diode 7 a of the discharging switch 7 as indicated by an arrow of broken line in FIG. 14A .
  • the piezoelectric actuator 2 is charged stepwise by repeating such a procedure.
  • a piezoelectric current Ip signifies the current which flows through the piezoelectric actuator 2
  • a piezoelectric voltage Vp signifies the terminal voltage or positive side voltage of the piezoelectric actuator 2 .
  • each of parts indicated by solid lines represents the charging current of the piezoelectric actuator 2 in the ON period of the charging switch 4
  • each of parts indicated by broken lines represents the charging current of the piezoelectric actuator 2 in the OFF period of the charging switch 4 .
  • the discharging switch 7 is turned on in the OFF state of the charging switch 4 , whereby a discharging current Id is caused to flow from the positive side of the piezoelectric actuator 2 through the charging/discharging coil 1 and the discharging switch 7 as indicated by an arrow of broken line in FIG. 14B . Thereafter, the discharging switch 7 is turned off, whereby a discharging current is caused to flow from the positive side of the piezoelectric actuator 2 to the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 through the charging/discharging coil 1 and the parasitic diode 4 a of the charging switch 4 as indicated by an arrow of solid line in FIG. 14B , and the charges of the piezoelectric actuator 2 are recovered into the capacitor C 0 by the discharging current.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 2 is discharged stepwise by repeating such a procedure.
  • a negative direction corresponds to a discharging direction.
  • each of parts indicated by broken lines represents the discharging current of the piezoelectric actuator 2 in the ON period of the discharging switch 7
  • each of parts indicated by solid lines represents the discharging current of the piezoelectric actuator 2 in the OFF period of the discharging switch 7 .
  • the current flows through the capacitor C 0 , as indicated by the arrow of the solid line in FIG. 14A
  • the discharging switch 7 has been turned off in the discharging switching control
  • the current flows through the capacitor C 0 , as indicated by the arrow of the solid line in FIG. 14B .
  • the charging current which flows from the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 to the capacitor C 0 is detected by the resistor R 0 , and the boost switch SW 0 is controlled using the detection value.
  • the boost switching control in the DC/DC converter 5 cannot be properly carried out. This is for the reason that, when the boost switching control is carried out during the performances of the charging switching control and the discharging switching control, the current detected by the resistor R 0 is not always the charging current from the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 to the capacitor C 0 .
  • the boost operation of the DC/DC converter 5 (that is, the performance of the boost switching control) is stopped during the performances of the charging switching control and the discharging switching control for driving the piezoelectric actuator 2 .
  • a diesel common rail system wherein fuel of high pressure accumulated in a common rail is injected from the injector is known.
  • CRS diesel common rail system
  • multistage injection wherein fuel is injected into one cylinder a plurality of times in a divided manner is executed, thereby to attain the improvement of emission, the reduction of noise and the improvement of fuel consumption.
  • the charging of the capacitor C 0 becomes too late in performing the multistage injection at which the discharging frequency of the capacitor C 0 becomes high, and the injector cannot be precisely driven.
  • the present invention therefore has an object to provide a piezoelectric actuator drive device including a DC/DC converter of boost type, in which a capacitor stores sufficient charged energy.
  • a drive device for a piezoelectric actuator and a DC/DC converter therefor comprises a boosting coil fed with a power source voltage at one end thereof, a boost switch connected in series in a path extending between the other end of the boosting coil and a reference potential lower than the power source voltage, a capacitor connected in series in a path extending to the reference potential, a boost controller for performing boost switching control in which the boost switch is turned on and off thereby to charge the capacitor and to generate a voltage higher than the power source voltage at a positive terminal of the capacitor on a side opposite to the reference potential, a charging switch for charging the piezoelectric actuator by stored energy of the capacitor, and a discharging switch for discharging stored charges of the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the boost switch, the charging switch and the discharging switch are controlled without detection of a charging current which flows to the capacitor.
  • the boost switching control is performed during performance of the charging switching control and the discharging switching control for driving the piezoelectric actuator, the boost switching control, the charging switching control and the discharging switching control can be properly performed without interfering with one another, respectively.
  • the capacitor can be charged by performing the boost switching control. It can consequently be avoided that the stored energy of the capacitor becomes insufficient (more specifically, the voltage of the capacitor fails to be raised to a target value by the next drive time point of the piezoelectric actuator).
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a fuel injection control apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing boost switching control in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a time chart showing operation of a drive controller in the first embodiment
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are flow charts showing charging switching control and discharging switching control in the first embodiment, respectively;
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing advantage of the fuel injection control in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing boost switching control in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are flow charts showing charging switching control in a first example and discharging switching control in a second example, respectively;
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are flow charts showing charging switching control in a third example and discharging switching control in a fourth example, respectively;
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B are flow charts showing charging switching control in a fifth example and discharging switching control in a sixth example, respectively;
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing discharging switching control in a ninth example.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram explaining the discharging switching control in the ninth example.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a fuel injection control apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are a circuit diagram and a time chart showing prior art fuel injection control apparatus and the operation thereof, respectively;
  • FIGS. 14A to 14D are circuit diagrams showing charging switching control and discharging switching control, and time charts of the charging switching control and the discharging switching control, respectively;
  • FIG. 15 is a time chart showing the problem of the prior art apparatus.
  • a fuel injection control apparatus 50 controls fuel injections into a diesel engine mounted on a vehicle.
  • Piezoelectric actuators P 1 to P 4 which are disposed in individual injectors for injecting high-pressure fuel from a common rail into the corresponding cylinders of the diesel engine are charged/discharged to expand/contract, whereby the injectors of the respective cylinders are caused to start/stop the fuel injections.
  • the number of the cylinders of the engine is four, and the piezoelectric actuator Pn (where “n” denotes any of 1 to 4) corresponds to the n-th cylinder (#n).
  • the cylinders of the engine are divided into groups each including two cylinders.
  • the first cylinder (# 1 ) and the third cylinder (# 3 ) form the first group
  • the second cylinder (# 2 ) and the fourth cylinder (# 4 ) form the second group.
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 includes as components common to the piezoelectric actuators P 1 to P 4 of the respective groups, a DC/DC converter 51 which boosts a battery voltage VB (for example, 12 V or 24 V) from an on-vehicle battery and outputs the boosted voltage, and a drive controller 55 which is configured of a microcomputer, a dedicated IC or the like that perform various control for driving the piezoelectric actuators P 1 to P 4 .
  • a battery voltage VB for example, 12 V or 24 V
  • the DC/DC converter 51 differs in the following two points. It is noted in FIG. 1 , the same constituents as in FIG. 13A are designated with the same numerals and signs as used in FIG. 13A .
  • the negative terminal of a capacitor C 0 opposite to the side of a diode D 0 is connected to the ground potential (ground line) directly and not connected to a resistor R 0 for current detection. Therefore, a current flowing through the capacitor C 0 does not flow through any resistor, and only a current flowing through a boost switch SW 0 flows through the resistor R 0 .
  • a boost controller 53 configured of a microcomputer, a dedicated IC or the like starts its operation when an operating power source is closed for the fuel injection control apparatus 50 by, for example, the turn-on of the ignition switch (not shown) of a vehicle.
  • the boost controller 53 performs boost switching control shown in FIG. 2 , so that the voltage (capacitor voltage) VC of the capacitor C 0 may become a preset target charged voltage.
  • the boost switch SW 0 is first turned on (S 110 ).
  • a current Iswo which is flowing through the boost switch SW 0 (the current is also a current which is flowing through a boosting coil L 0 , and it shall be referred to as a boost switch current) is detected by a voltage generated across the resistor R 0 , and it is checked whether the boost switch current increases to an OFF changeover threshold value Ioff for the boost switching control (S 130 : NO).
  • the boost switch SW 0 is turned off (S 140 ).
  • the boost controller 53 repeats such operations, thereby to turn on and off the boost switch SW 0 repeatedly and to charge the capacitor C 0 stepwise. Upon sensing that the monitored capacitor voltage VC has reached the target charged voltage (in this embodiment, 200 V by way of example), the boost controller 53 stops the boost switching control and holds the boost switch SW 0 OFF.
  • the target charged voltage in this embodiment, 200 V by way of example
  • the supply voltage is fed from the capacitor C 0 to the respective piezoelectric actuators P 1 to P 4 . Therefore, the capacitance of the capacitor C 0 is set at a comparatively large value so as to be capable of holding a substantially constant voltage value even when the supply voltage is fed to the piezoelectric actuators P 1 to P 4 .
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 includes a charging/discharging coil L 1 which is connected in series with a parallel circuit 11 of the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 connected in parallel, a charging path 31 which serves to feed the supply voltage to a series circuit 21 of the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the parallel circuit 11 , from the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 and through a charging switch SWa, and a discharging path 41 which is connected in parallel with the series circuit 21 and which serves to discharge the stored charges of the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 through a discharging switch SWb.
  • the parallel circuit 11 is configured in such a way that a series circuit of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 and a cylinder selection switch SW 1 for selecting it as an element to-be-driven, and a series circuit of the piezoelectric actuator P 3 and a cylinder selection switch SW 3 for selecting it as an element to-be-driven, are connected in parallel.
  • the end part of the parallel circuit 11 on the side of the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 is connected to one end of the charging/discharging coil L 1 , and the end part of the same on the side of the cylinder selection switches SW 1 and SW 3 is connected to the ground potential through a resistor R 1 .
  • the resistor R 1 is a current detecting resistor for detecting currents (charging current and discharging current) which flow through the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 .
  • the cylinder selection switches SW 1 and SW 3 are switching elements such as MOSFETs or bipolar transistors.
  • the end part of the series circuit 21 on the side of the charging/discharging coil L 1 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 through the charging switch SWa.
  • a diode Da is connected in parallel with the charging switch SWa with its cathode located on the side of the capacitor C 0 (with its anode located on the side of the charging/discharging coil L 1 ).
  • the diode Da allows flow of regenerative current (corresponding to the current indicated by the arrow of the solid line in FIG. 14B ) into the capacitor C 0 when the discharging switch SWb is turned off from ON in discharging the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 .
  • the charging switch SWa is an n-channel MOSFET, the drain of which is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 and the source of which is connected to the end of the charging/discharging coil L 1 .
  • the parasitic diode of the MOSFET is utilized as the diode Da.
  • the discharging switch SWb forms the discharging path 41 by being turned on.
  • This discharging switch SWb is an n-channel MOSFET.
  • the source of the n-channel MOSFET is connected to the ground potential, and the drain of the same is connected to the node of the charging switch SWa and the charging/discharging coil L 1 .
  • a diode Db is connected in parallel with the discharging switch SWb with its cathode located on the side of the charging/discharging coil L 1 (with its anode located on the side of the ground potential).
  • the diode Db allows flow of flywheel current based on the charging/discharging coil L 1 (corresponding to the current indicated by the arrow of the broken line in FIG. 14A ), when the charging switch SWa is turned off from ON in charging the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 .
  • the diode Db is the parasitic diode of the MOSFET which forms the discharging switch SWb.
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 includes components which are quite similar to the components for the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 , regarding the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 of the second group.
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 includes a charging/discharging coil L 2 which is connected in series with a parallel circuit 12 of the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 connected in parallel, a charging path 32 which serves to feed the supply voltage to a series circuit 22 of the charging/discharging coil L 2 and the parallel circuit 12 , from the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 and through a charging switch SWc, and a discharging path 42 which is connected in parallel with the series circuit 22 and which serves to discharge the stored charges of the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 through a discharging switch SWd.
  • a charging/discharging coil L 2 which is connected in series with a parallel circuit 12 of the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 connected in parallel
  • a charging path 32 which serves to feed the supply voltage to a series circuit 22 of the charging/discharging coil L 2 and the parallel circuit 12 , from the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 and through a charging switch SWc
  • a discharging path 42 which is connected
  • the parallel circuit 12 is configured in such a way that a series circuit of the piezoelectric actuator P 2 and a cylinder selection switch SW 2 for selecting it as an element to-be-driven, and a series circuit of the piezoelectric actuator P 4 and a cylinder selection switch SW 4 for selecting it as an element to-be-driven, are connected in parallel.
  • the end part of the parallel circuit 12 on the side of the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 is connected to one end of the charging/discharging coil L 2
  • the end part thereof on the side of the cylinder selection switches SW 2 and SW 4 is connected to the ground potential through a resistor R 2 .
  • the resistor R 2 is a current detecting resistor for detecting currents (charging current and discharging current) which flow through the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 .
  • the cylinder selection switches SW 2 and SW 4 are switching elements such as MOSFETs or bipolar transistors.
  • the end part of the series circuit 22 on the side of the charging/discharging coil L 2 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 through the charging switch SWc.
  • a diode Dc is connected in parallel with the charging switch SWc with its cathode located on the side of the capacitor C 0 (with its anode located on the side of the charging/discharging coil L 2 ).
  • the diode Dc allows flow of regenerative current into the capacitor C 0 when the discharging switch SWd is turned off from ON in discharging the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 .
  • the charging switch SWc is made of an n-channel MOSFET, the drain of which is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 and the source of which is connected to the other end of the charging/discharging coil L 2 .
  • the parasitic diode of the MOSFET is utilized as the diode Dc.
  • the discharging switch SWd forms the discharging path 42 by being turned on.
  • the discharging switch SWd is made of an n-channel MOSFET.
  • the source of the n-channel MOSFET is connected to the ground potential, and the drain of the same is connected to the node of the charging switch SWc and the charging/discharging coil L 2 .
  • a diode Dd is connected in parallel with the discharging switch SWd with its cathode located on the side of the charging/discharging coil L 2 (with its anode located on the side of the ground potential).
  • the diode Dd allows flow of flywheel current based on the charging/discharging coil L 2 , when the charging switch SWc is turned off from ON in charging the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 .
  • the diode Dd is the parasitic diode of the MOSFET which forms the discharging switch SWd.
  • the drive controller 55 controls the charging switches SWa and SWc, the discharging switches SWb and SWd, and the cylinder selection switches SW 1 to SW 4 .
  • the drive controller 55 controls these switches as follows.
  • the drive controller 55 monitors the voltages of the resistors R 1 and R 2 or the terminal voltages of the resistors R 1 and R 2 , thereby to detect the charging currents and the discharging currents which flow through the piezoelectric actuators being the elements to-be-driven.
  • the drive controller 55 detects the charged voltages (piezoelectric voltages) of the piezoelectric actuators being the elements to-be-driven, by the voltages of the end parts of the parallel circuits 11 and 12 on the sides of the charging/discharging coils L 1 and L 2 .
  • the drive signals (injection command signals) Sd of the respective cylinders for opening the injectors of these cylinders are inputted from an electronic control unit or a microcomputer (not shown) for executing the processing of an engine control, to the drive controller 55 .
  • the drive signals Sd of the respective cylinders are inputted from the microcomputer within the electronic control unit, to the drive controller 55 .
  • the drive controller 55 performs a charging switching control in which the charging switch SWa for the first one of the two groups is turned on and off, in a state where the cylinder selection switch SW 1 corresponding to the cylinder # 1 is turned on among the cylinder selection switches SW 1 to SW 4 and where the discharging switch SWb for the first group to which the cylinder # 1 belongs is turned off.
  • the charging current Ic flows from the capacitor C 0 to the piezoelectric actuator P 1 through the charging path 31 and the charging/discharging coil L 1 .
  • the charging current Ic which flows due to energy stored in the charging/discharging coil L 1 flows from the ground potential side to the piezoelectric actuator P 1 through the diode Db parallel to the discharging switch SWb.
  • the piezoelectric actuator P 1 is charged and expanded stepwise, and the injector of the cylinder # 1 is opened.
  • the charging switching control in FIG. 4A corresponds to the control pattern Ac.
  • the drive controller 55 determines that the charged voltage Vp of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 being the element to-be-driven has become, at least, a charging-end target value capable of reliably opening the injector, in performing the charging switching control, it ends the charging switching control and holds the charging switch SWa in the OFF state thereof.
  • the drive controller 55 performs discharging switching control in which the discharging switch SWb for the first group is turned on and off, in a state where the charging switch SWa for the first group to which the cylinder # 1 belongs is turned off.
  • the discharging current Id flows from the positive side of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 to the ground potential side through the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the discharging path 41 .
  • the discharging current flows from the positive side of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 to the capacitor C 0 through the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the diode Da parallel to the charging switch SWa.
  • the charges of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 are recovered into the capacitor C 0 by this discharging current.
  • the piezoelectric actuator P 1 is discharged and contracted stepwise, and the injector of the cylinder # 1 is closed.
  • the discharging switching control in FIG. 4B corresponds to the control pattern Ad.
  • the drive controller 55 determines that the charged voltage Vp of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 being the element to-be-driven has become, at most, a discharging-end target value set at substantially 0 V, in performing the discharging switching control, it ends the discharging switching control, holds the discharging switch SWb in the OFF state and turns off the cylinder selection switch SW 1 having been held ON till then.
  • the cylinder selection switch SW 3 is turned on instead of the cylinder selection switch SW 1 and the switches SWa and SWb are controlled in the similar manner.
  • the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 are driven by turning on the selection switch SW 2 or SW 4 , the charging switch SWc and the discharging switch SWd are controlled in the similar manner as the switches SWa and SWb.
  • the current of the capacitor C 0 does not flow through the current detecting resistor R 0 which the boost controller 53 of the DC/DC converter 51 employs for performing the boost switching control, and the boost controller 53 performs the boost switching control without detecting the charging current from the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 to the capacitor C 0 .
  • the current detecting resistor R 1 which the drive controller 55 employs for performing the charging switching control and the discharging switching control for driving the piezoelectric actuator P 1 or P 3 , is located in a current path which extends from the node cp 1 of the charging switch SWa, the discharging switch SWb and the charging/discharging coil L 1 , to the ground potential via the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the piezoelectric actuator P 1 or P 3 .
  • This current detecting resistor R 1 serves to detect a current flowing in the current path, as the current flowing through the piezoelectric actuator P 1 or P 3 .
  • the current detecting resistor R 2 which the drive controller 55 employs for performing the charging switching control and the discharging switching control for driving the piezoelectric actuator P 2 or P 4 is located in a current path which extends from the node cp 2 of the charging switch SWc, the discharging switch SWd and the charging/discharging coil L 2 , to the ground potential via the charging/discharging coil L 2 and the piezoelectric actuator P 2 or P 4 .
  • This current detecting resistor R 2 serves to detect a current flowing in the current path, as the current flowing through the piezoelectric actuator P 2 or P 4 .
  • the drive controller 55 performs the charging switching control and the discharging switching control without detecting the charging current, which flows from the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 to the capacitor C 0 .
  • the boost switching control (the boost operation of the DC/DC converter 5 ) is performed during the performances of the charging switching control and the discharging switching control for driving the piezoelectric actuator Pn (where “n” is any of 1 to 4)
  • the boost switching control, the charging switching control and the discharging switching control can be properly performed separately, respectively.
  • the capacitor C 0 can be charged even during the performances of the charging switching control and the discharging switching control, and it is avoidable that the charged energy of the capacitor C 0 becomes insufficient (more specifically, that the capacitor voltage VC cannot be raised to the target value by the next drive time point of the piezoelectric actuator Pn).
  • the apparatus 50 can lessen the lowering of the capacitor voltage VC during the charging switching control, and it can enlarge the rise of the capacitor voltage VC during the discharging switching control. Therefore, even in a case where multistage injection is executed, necessary energy can be stored in the capacitor C 0 by the execution of the next fuel injection.
  • the boost controller 53 corresponds to boost control means
  • the drive controller 55 corresponds to charging/discharging control means.
  • the diodes Da and Dc correspond to first diodes
  • the diodes Db and Dd correspond to second diodes.
  • the drive signal Sd of the high level corresponds to a drive command
  • the drive signal Sd of the low level corresponds to a drive stop command.
  • the resistor R 0 corresponds to boost switch current detection means
  • the resistors R 1 and R 2 correspond to piezoelectric actuator current detection means.
  • the resistor R 0 may be disposed in a current path which extends from the battery voltage VB to the ground potential via the boosting coil L 0 and the boost switch SW 0 . It may well be interposed between the battery (voltage VB) and the boosting coil L 0 or between the boosting coil L 0 and the boost switch SW 0 . In such a case, the current may be detected by detecting the terminal voltage of the resistor R 0 with a differential amplifier or the like.
  • the resistor R 1 or R 2 may be disposed at a position capable of detecting the current flowing through the piezoelectric actuator Pn, without detecting the charging current which flows from the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 to the capacitor C 0 . it may be disposed at any position in the current path which extends from the node cp 1 or cp 2 to the ground potential via the corresponding charging/discharging coil L 1 or L 2 and the piezoelectric actuator Pn.
  • the resistor R 1 may have its components disposed at respective positions ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) in FIG. 1 . Alternatively, it may be disposed at a position ( 5 ) or a position ( 7 ).
  • the resistor R 2 may have its components disposed at respective positions ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) in FIG. 1 . Alternatively, it may be disposed at a position ( 6 ) or a position ( 8 ).
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 in a second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the boost controller 53 of the DC/DC converter 51 performs boost switching control shown in FIG. 6 instead of the boost switching control shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the boost switching control in FIG. 6 executes S 135 instead of S 130 in FIG. 2 .
  • the same advantages as in the fuel injection control apparatus 50 of the first embodiment are attained.
  • the resistor R 0 for the current detection can be omitted.
  • the charging and discharging switching control shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B may be modified as in the following examples.
  • the charging switching control in FIG. 4A may well be replaced with a charging switching control shown in FIG. 7A .
  • the charging switching control in FIG. 7A differs in that S 255 is executed instead of S 250 .
  • the ON period of the charging switch SWa or SWc is controlled on the basis of the charging current of the piezoelectric actuator Pn as is detected by the resistor R 1 or R 2 , but the OFF period of the charging switch SWa or SWc is controlled based on the time.
  • This charging switching control corresponds to the control pattern Bc.
  • the discharging switching control in FIG. 4B may well be replaced with a discharging switching control shown in FIG. 7B .
  • the discharging switching control in FIG. 7B differs in that step S 355 is executed instead of S 350 .
  • the ON period of the discharging switch SWb or SWd is controlled on the basis of the discharging current of the piezoelectric actuator Pn as is detected by the resistor R 1 or R 2 , but the OFF period of the discharging switch SWb or SWd is controlled based on the time.
  • This discharging switching control corresponds to the control pattern Bd.
  • the charging switching control in FIG. 4A may well be replaced with a charging switching control shown in FIG. 8A .
  • the charging switching control in FIG. 8A differs in that S 235 is executed instead of S 230 .
  • the OFF period of the charging switch SWa or SWc is controlled on the basis of the charging current of the piezoelectric actuator Pn as is detected by the resistor R 1 or R 2 , but the ON period of the charging switch SWa or SWc is controlled based on the time.
  • This charging switching control corresponds to the control pattern Cc.
  • the discharging switching control in FIG. 4B may well be replaced with a discharging switching control shown in FIG. 8B .
  • the discharging switching control in FIG. 8B differs in that S 335 is executed instead of S 330 .
  • the OFF period of the discharging switch SWb or SWd is controlled on the basis of the discharging current of the piezoelectric actuator Pn as is detected by the resistor R 1 or R 2 , but the ON period of the discharging switch SWb or SWd is controlled based on the time.
  • This discharging switching control corresponds to the control pattern Cd.
  • the charging switching control shown in FIG. 4A may well be replaced with a charging switching control shown in FIG. 9A .
  • the charging switching control in FIG. 9A differs in that the same determination of S 235 as in the charging switching control in FIG. 8A is executed instead of S 230 , and that the same determination of S 255 as in the charging switching control in FIG. 7A is executed instead of S 250 .
  • both the ON period and Ton the OFF period Toff of the charging switch SWa or SWc are controlled based on the times.
  • This charging switching control corresponds to the control pattern Dc.
  • the discharging switching control shown in FIG. 4B may well be replaced with a discharging switching control shown in FIG. 9B .
  • the discharging switching control in FIG. 9B differs in that the same determination of S 335 as in the discharging switching control in FIG. 8B is executed instead of S 330 , and that the same determination of S 355 as in the discharging switching control in FIG. 7B is executed instead of S 350 .
  • both the ON period Ton and the OFF period Toff of the discharging switch SWb or SWd are controlled based on the times.
  • This discharging switching control corresponds to the control pattern Dd.
  • the resistors R 1 and R 2 for the current detection can be omitted.
  • FIG. 4B , FIG. 7B , FIG. 8B and FIG. 9B can be respectively combined with the four sorts of charging switching controls in FIG. 4A , FIG. 7A , FIG. 8A and FIG. 9A .
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 can also be configured so that the charging current of the piezoelectric actuator Pn as is determined at S 230 in FIG. 4A or FIG. 7A may be detected by any resistor other than the resistor R 1 or R 2 .
  • resistors for current detection resistors Ra 1 and Ra 2
  • resistors Ra 1 and Ra 2 resistors for current detection
  • the resistors Ra 1 and Ra 2 may be respectively disposed at any positions in current paths which extend from the node of the cathode of the reverse-flow preventing diode D 0 and the positive terminal of the capacitor C 0 to the nodes cp 1 and cp 2 via the charging switches SWa and SWc.
  • the resistors Ra 1 and Ra 2 may be respectively disposed on the higher potential sides of the charging switches SWa and SWc, or a single resistor (resistor Ra 3 ) may well be disposed at a position ( 11 ) in FIG. 1 in place of the resistors Ra 1 and ra 2 .
  • the resistors Ra 1 , Ra 2 and Ra 3 correspond to charging path current detection means. Besides, the resistors R 1 and R 2 are dispensed with in case of performing the charging switching control in FIG. 7A and the discharging switching control in FIG. 9B if this seventh example is implemented.
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 can also be configured so that the discharging current of the piezoelectric actuator Pn as is determined at S 330 in FIG. 4B or FIG. 7B may be detected by any resistor other than the resistor R 1 or R 2 .
  • resistors for current detection resistors Rb 1 and Rb 2
  • resistors Rb 1 and Rb 2 resistors for current detection
  • the resistors Rb 1 and Rb 2 may be respectively disposed at any positions in current paths which extend from the nodes cp 1 and cp 2 to the ground potential via the discharging switches SWb and SWd.
  • the resistors Rb 1 and Rb 2 may be respectively disposed on the lower potential sides of the discharging switches SWb and SWd, or a single resistor (resistor Rb 3 ) may well be disposed at a position ( 14 ) in FIG. 1 in place of the resistors Rb 1 and Rb 2 .
  • the resistors Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 correspond to discharging path current detection means. Besides, the resistors R 1 and R 2 are dispensed with in case of performing the discharging switching control in FIG. 7B and the charging switching control in FIG. 9A if the eighth example is implemented, or performing the charging switching control in FIG. 7A if the seventh example is implemented.
  • discharging switching control in FIG. 10 may well be performed.
  • the discharging switching control in FIG. 10 differs from the discharging switching control in FIG. 7B in which the eighth example is implemented in that S 357 is executed instead of S 355 .
  • the piezoelectric actuator P 1 of the first group is assumed to be an element to-be-driven.
  • the discharging current Id of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 being the element to-be-driven flows from the positive side of this piezoelectric actuator P 1 to the capacitor C 0 through the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the diode Da.
  • the voltage of the node cp 1 becomes substantially the capacitor voltage VC (more specifically, it becomes a voltage which is higher than the capacitor voltage VC by the forward voltage of the diode Da).
  • the discharging current Id of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 thereafter stops flowing, the voltage of the node cp 1 becomes equal to the positive side voltage of the piezoelectric actuator P 1 .
  • the discharging switch SWb when it is determined after the turn-off of the discharging switch SWb that the voltage of the node cp 1 has lowered to the threshold voltage Vx, the discharging switch SWb is turned on again. In a case where the piezoelectric actuator P 2 or P 4 of the second group is driven, the discharging switch SWd is turned on from OFF at the time of the determination that the voltage of the node cp 2 has lowered to the threshold voltage Vx.
  • Such a discharging switching control is advantageous over the discharging switching control in FIG. 7B in that the time point at which the discharging switch SWb or SWd is turned on from OFF can be controlled more appropriately.
  • a fuel injection control apparatus 50 differs from the first and the second embodiments in the following points (1) and (2):
  • the charging/discharging coil L 2 , the charging switch SWc and the discharging switch SWd of the first embodiment are omitted.
  • the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the parallel circuit 11 of the first group of the piezoelectric actuators P 1 and P 3 are connected through a switch SW 5
  • the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the parallel circuit 12 of the second group of the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 are connected through a switch SW 6 .
  • the charging/discharging coil L 1 and the charging switch SWa as well as the discharging switch SWb are included in only one set in the fuel injection control apparatus 50 , and the single charging/discharging coil L 1 is connected to either of the parallel circuits 11 and 12 of the two groups by being changed over by the switches SW 5 and SW 6 .
  • the group of the piezoelectric actuators to be connected in series with the charging/discharging coil L 1 is changed over to either of the first group and the second group.
  • the switches SW 5 and SW 6 shall be termed the group selection switches.
  • Each of the group selection switches SW 5 and SW 6 is such that two MOSFETs are connected with the cathodes of their parasitic diodes opposing to each other. More specifically, the group selection switch SW 5 on the side of the first group includes a MOSFET being a first switch SW 5 a , the source of which is connected to one end of the charging/discharging coil L 1 , and a MOSFET being a second switch SW 5 b , the source of which is connected to one end of the parallel circuit 11 and the drain of which is connected to the drain of the first switch SW 5 a .
  • the group selection switch SW 6 on the side of the second group includes a MOSFET being a first switch SW 6 a , the source of which is connected to one end of the charging/discharging coil L 1 , and a MOSFET being a second switch SW 6 b , the source of which is connected to one end of the parallel circuit 12 and the drain of which is connected to the drain of the first switch SW 6 a .
  • D 5 a , D 5 b , D 6 a and D 6 b denote parasitic diodes of the switches SW 5 a , SW 5 b , SW 6 a and SW 6 b , respectively.
  • the first switches SW 5 a and SW 6 a shall be termed the discharging permission side switches (SWD), and the second switches SW 5 b and SW 6 b the charging permission side switches (SWC).
  • “to turn on the group selection switch SW 5 or SW 6 ” means to turn on both the discharging permission side switch SW 5 a or SW 6 a and the charging permission side switch SW 5 b or SW 6 b which form the group selection switch SW 5 or SW 6
  • “to turn off the group selection switch SW 5 or SW 6 ” means to turn off both the discharging permission side switch SW 5 a or SW 6 a and the charging permission side switch SW 5 b or SW 6 b which form the group selection switch SW 5 or SW 6 .
  • the drive controller 55 need not always turn on both the charging permission side switch and the discharging permission side switch forming the group selection switch of the group side of the cylinder #n, during the drive period of the piezoelectric actuator Pn, but it may well turn on only the charging permission side switch in this charging permission side switch and the discharging permission side switch while the charging switching control is being performed, and turn on only the discharging permission side switch while the discharging switching control is being performed.
  • the fuel injection control apparatus 50 in the third embodiment is constructed in the same manner as in the first and the second embodiments in other respects. Accordingly, the same advantages as those of the fuel injection control apparatus 50 in the first embodiment can be attained.
  • the positions at which the resistors R 0 , R 1 and R 2 are disposed can be altered to other positions as in the first embodiment.
  • the resistor R 0 may well be interposed between the battery (voltage VB) and the boosting coil L 0 , or between the boosting coil L 0 and the boost switch SW 0 .
  • the resistor R 1 may well have its components disposed at respective positions ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) in FIG. 12 , or it may well be disposed at a position ( 16 ) or a position ( 18 ) in FIG. 12 .
  • the resistor R 2 may well have its components disposed at respective positions ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) in FIG. 12 , or it may well be disposed at a position ( 17 ) or a position ( 19 ) in FIG. 12 .
  • a single resistor operating in the same way as those of the resistors R 1 and R 2 can be disposed at a position ( 5 ) or a position ( 7 ) in FIG. 12 .
  • the boost controller 53 of the DC/DC converter 51 may well perform the boost switching control in FIG. 6 , instead of the boost switching control in FIG. 2 .
  • the charging control and the discharging control of any of the first to ninth examples can be implemented.
  • the single resistor Ra 3 operating in the same manner as the resistors Ra 1 and Ra 2 may well be disposed at a position ( 9 ) or a position ( 11 ) in FIG. 12 .
  • the single resistor Rb 3 operating in the same manner as the resistors Rb 1 and Rb 2 may well be disposed at a position ( 12 ) or a position ( 14 ) in FIG. 12 .
  • the fuel injection control apparatus may well have a configuration in which only one set formed of a charging/discharging coil and a charging switch as well as a discharging switch is disposed without grouping the piezoelectric actuators P 1 to P 4 . That is, it may well have a circuit configuration in which the charging/discharging coil L 2 and the charging switch SWc as well as the discharging switch SWd are omitted from the circuit configuration in FIG. 1 , and in which the parallel circuit 12 forming the piezoelectric actuators P 2 and P 4 is connected to the charging/discharging coil L 1 .
  • the fuel injection control apparatus may well have a circuit configuration in which a charging/discharging coil and a discharging switch as well as a charging switch are disposed for each of the piezoelectric actuators P 1 to P 4 .
  • the invention is applicable, not only to the fuel injection control apparatus of the diesel engine, but also to that of a gasoline engine.
  • the invention is also applicable to any control apparatuses other than the fuel injection control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
US12/194,159 2007-08-22 2008-08-19 Piezoelectric actuator drive device Expired - Fee Related US7812503B2 (en)

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JP5582095B2 (ja) * 2011-05-23 2014-09-03 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 インジェクタ駆動装置
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JP5678867B2 (ja) * 2011-11-02 2015-03-04 株式会社デンソー ピエゾインジェクタの駆動装置
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CN104205609A (zh) * 2012-03-22 2014-12-10 大陆汽车有限公司 用于运行电容调整构件的方法
CN104205609B (zh) * 2012-03-22 2018-02-23 大陆汽车有限公司 用于运行电容调整构件的方法
CN104603888A (zh) * 2012-07-03 2015-05-06 法雷奥电机控制系统公司 用于激励至少一个电磁铁的电路
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US9270205B2 (en) * 2013-09-10 2016-02-23 Fujifilm Dimatix Inc. Regenerative drive for piezoelectric transducers
US20150069934A1 (en) * 2013-09-10 2015-03-12 Fujifilm Dimatix Inc. Regenerative drive for piezoelectric transducers
US20160069311A1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Injector drive device
US9822745B2 (en) * 2014-09-05 2017-11-21 Subaru Corporation Injector drive device

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EP2028701A3 (de) 2011-07-20
EP2028701A2 (de) 2009-02-25
JP4434248B2 (ja) 2010-03-17
US20090051247A1 (en) 2009-02-26
JP2009050130A (ja) 2009-03-05

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