US3301529A - Steam turbines - Google Patents

Steam turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3301529A
US3301529A US454859A US45485965A US3301529A US 3301529 A US3301529 A US 3301529A US 454859 A US454859 A US 454859A US 45485965 A US45485965 A US 45485965A US 3301529 A US3301529 A US 3301529A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vane
shoulder
rib
turbine
steam
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US454859A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wood Basil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merz and Mclellan Services Ltd
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Merz and Mclellan Services Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of US3301529A publication Critical patent/US3301529A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to steam turbines of substantially axial flow type having at least one stage liable to work with saturated steam, and is concerned with the reduction or erosion caused by water in the steam.
  • stator vanes of such a stag-e are provided, near their ends remote from the turbine axis, with a divertor constituted by a shoulder so inclined that its upstream end is nearer than its downstream end to the turbine axis, and facing upstream and away from the axis the shoulder being exposed to the flow of steam. While major benefit is expected to be derived from such a shoulder applied to the convex side of the vane it may also be provided on the concave side.
  • the shoulder may be afforded by a groove cut in the face of the stator vane, or by a step in its thickness, but in general it will be convenient to attach a rib to afford the shoulder, which can be done without reducing the strength of the vane.
  • a rib may be provided by a wire or rod of circular, semi-circular, rectangular, triangular, or T-s-haped section. Alternatively it may be of channel or other hooked or overhanging section with the concavity facing upstream so as to tend to prevent water from flowing over the rib.
  • the rib may be secured to the vane by silver soldering, welding, brazing or rivetting or by the use of an adhesive such, for example, as an epoxy resin.
  • an adhesive such, for example, as an epoxy resin.
  • the rib may be of a section offering an extended face to contact the vane for example of L section or T section. Again the rib may be built up in situ, for example by depositing a bead of weld metal or band of adhesive, such as epoxy resin.
  • the height of the rib may vary in accordance with the general scale of the blades, being commensurate with the diameter of droplets formed on the vanes but in any event it will be comparatively shallow in relation to the pitch of the stator vanes so as not to unduly interfere with the main steam fiow.
  • the rib or other shoulder may terminate at a radius with respect to the turbine axis greater than the tip radius of the following rotor blade. Alternatively it may lead into a drain channel through which the water is removed.
  • drain passages such as slots intended to allow water thrown off radially to drain away to the condenser or feed heater before each of the later stator stages, but it appears that such drainage slots do not prevent a proportion of the water from crossing the gap between the rotor blades and the following stator vanes.
  • it may do so as a fine spray caused by splashing on the inner face of the cover "ice band or stator, or it may wet the upstream face of the diaphragm ring or vane carrier and form a film of water which is then drawn into the vane passages where it is dragged from the circumferential periphery by eddies or secondary flow in the steam.
  • the rib or other divertor in accordance with the present invention is designed to prevent such water from dribbling over the surface of the stator vane in a direction inclined towards the turbine axis or at a substantially constant radius from the turbine axis. Due to the inclination of the divertor the water is deflected towards the outer periphery where it is discharged harmlessly either clear of the tips of the moving blades or through suitably placed slots or holes to a drain channel communicating with the condenser or feed heater.
  • FIGURE 1 is an axial section through part of a steam turbine incorporating the invention
  • FIGURES 2 to 5 are similar views of slightly modified arrangements
  • FIGURE 6 is a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a vane indicating the rib in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURES 7, 8, 9 and 10 are sections perpendicular to the axis of a rib showing different forms of crosssection of rib.
  • FIGURE 1 is an axial section through a portion of the last two stages of a typical wet steam turbine in the region of the tips of the rotor blades, and shows the rotor blades 11 and 12 of the last stage and the last stage but one respectively, and the corresponding stationary guide vanes 13 and 14.
  • the guide vane 14 is supported by a diaphragm ring 16 whilst the guide vane 13 is supported by a diaphragm ring 17, the space to the right of the latter being in communication with the condenser.
  • the diaphragm rings 16 and 17 are supported in the usual way by a portion of the turbine casing 18.
  • the turbine is substantially symmetrical about its horizontal centre line which is parallel to and far above the top edge of FIGURE 1.
  • the guide vane 13 is provided on its convex face with a rib 20, and the guide vane 14 is provided With a similar rib 21.
  • the rib 20 or 21 is oblique so that its upstream end (to the left in FIGURE 1) is nearer to the axis than its downstream end. Accordingly any water dribbling over the convex surface of the guide vane in the region of its outer end will be collected and diverted by the rib to the extreme outer end of the downstream edge of the guide vane 13 or 14.
  • the diaphragm ring 17 is provided with .a notch 23 at the tail of each vane to drain such water away radially beyond the tips of the moving blades 11. It will be understood that the flow of such Water is urged largely by pressure difference or friction with moving steam rather than by gravity, so that flow against gravity is quite possible. Moreover the-vanes lie in a circle in a plane perpendicular to the plane of FIGURE 1 at various angles to the vertical in that plane and in some places gravity will assist drainage.
  • the diaphragm ring 16 of the penultimate stage has drain holes 24 one at each vane extending through it to allow water guided by the rib 21 to drain to a space 25 which is connected by a passage 26 to the space in communication with the condenser.
  • Each drain hole 24 is of restricted section so as to prevent undue loss of steam or weakening of the ring. It is shown countersunk at its entry so as to assist water to drain readily into it. Moreover it is advantageously made as short .as practicable to reduce the flow resistance to flashing water which undergoes a great change in volume on encountering the lower pressure downstream.
  • FIGURE 2 shows an arrangement which is closely analogous to the penultimate stage of FIGURE 1 but employs a diaphragm ring of different section.
  • the passage 24 at each vane is replaced by a radial passage 30 communicating with an oblique passage 31 of larger cross-section.
  • FIGURE 3 is very similar to FIGURE 2 except that the parts are of different shape but corresponding parts bear the same reference numerals.
  • a short drain passage 32 at each vane opens through the diaphragm ring into an annular space 33 formed in the diaphragm ring or its seating or partly in one and partly in the other. This annular space is in turn vented through larger passages 34 to the downstream space 35 or to the condenser.
  • FIGURE shows a further arrangement in which a diaphragm ring is of composite construction with an inner part 36 having a short drain passage 37 at each vane extending through it and opening into a hollow annular space 38 within the outerpart of the diaghragm ring 39, whilst the annular space 38 is vented through a passage or passages 40 to the downstream space 41 or to the condenser.
  • FIGURE 6 shows one example in which the rib is hooked over the upstream edge 42 of the Vane as shown at 43.
  • FIGURE 7 shows a rib 44 of T section
  • FIGURE 8 shows a rib 45 of round section
  • FIGURE 9 shows a rib 46 of half round section
  • FIGURE 10 shows a rib 47 of channel section.
  • the concavity should face upstream, that is to say to the left and downwards or radially outwards as viewed in FIG- URE 1, so as to tend to prevent water from flowing over the rib.
  • a steam turbine of substantially axial fiow type including a rotor having rotor blades and a stator having stator vanes including at least one stage which is liable to work with saturated steam, a water divertor for each stator vane of the said stage, said divertor comprising a shoulder on the body of said vane adjacent the end remote from the turbine axis, said shoulder being shallow in relation to the pitch of the stator vanes, said shoulder being so inclined that its upstream end is nearer than its downstream end to the turbine axis, said shoulder being positioned on the upstream side of said vane so as to face upstream and away from said turbine axis, whereby said shoulder is operative to divert away from said axis any water deposits creeping along said vane while allowing the useful steam to pass over the same for further use.
  • a turbine as claimed in claim 3 in which said rib includes an overhanging section, said section and the blade forming a cavity facing upstream so as to prevent water from flowing over said rib.
  • a turbine as claimed in claim 1 in which is provided a drain channel opening at the downstream end of said shoulder, whereby said water is removed from said turbine.
  • a turbine as claimed in claim 1 in which the upstream end of said shoulder begins at .a radius with respect to the turbine axis less than the tip radius of the preceding rotor blades.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US454859A 1964-05-12 1965-05-11 Steam turbines Expired - Lifetime US3301529A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB19808/64A GB1099501A (en) 1964-05-12 1964-05-12 Improvements relating to steam turbines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3301529A true US3301529A (en) 1967-01-31

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US454859A Expired - Lifetime US3301529A (en) 1964-05-12 1965-05-11 Steam turbines

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3301529A (de)
CH (1) CH427743A (de)
DE (1) DE1426836B2 (de)
GB (1) GB1099501A (de)
SE (1) SE304997B (de)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3498728A (en) * 1967-12-08 1970-03-03 English Electric Co Ltd Steam turbines
US3685292A (en) * 1971-03-19 1972-08-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp System and method for determining whether drain conduits for draining condensate from the turbine casing are clogged and clearing the conduits if they are
US3724967A (en) * 1971-10-28 1973-04-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Moisture removal device for a steam turbine
US3973870A (en) * 1974-11-04 1976-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Internal moisture removal scheme for low pressure axial flow steam turbine
US5112187A (en) * 1990-09-12 1992-05-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Erosion control through reduction of moisture transport by secondary flow
JPH04246205A (ja) * 1990-09-12 1992-09-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp <We> 蒸気タービン
JPH06123202A (ja) * 1992-10-07 1994-05-06 Toshiba Corp 蒸気タービンの湿分分離装置
US6007296A (en) * 1997-03-08 1999-12-28 Abb Research Ltd. Guide blade for steam turbines
EP0987404A3 (de) * 1998-09-17 2002-01-23 ABBPATENT GmbH Anordnung zur Leitschaufelträgerentwässerung bei einer Turbine
US20080050221A1 (en) * 2006-08-28 2008-02-28 General Electric Systems for moisture removal in steam turbine engines
JP2008075655A (ja) * 2006-09-21 2008-04-03 General Electric Co <Ge> 蒸気タービンの動作を制御する装置及び蒸気タービン
US20100221095A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Steam turbine and method for extracting moisture from a steam turbine
US20100329853A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 General Electric Company Moisture removal provisions for steam turbine
US20150139812A1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-21 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Steam Turbine
CN108915804A (zh) * 2018-09-25 2018-11-30 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 一种适应外缘除湿的挡板及其使用方法
JP2020026785A (ja) * 2018-08-15 2020-02-20 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 二相流タービン動翼、二相流タービン、及び、冷凍サイクルシステム
US11028695B2 (en) * 2017-01-20 2021-06-08 Mitsubishi Power, Ltd. Steam turbine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19546008A1 (de) * 1995-12-09 1997-06-12 Abb Patent Gmbh Turbinenschaufel, die für den Einsatz im Naßdampfbereich von Vorend- und Endstufen von Turbinen vorgesehen ist
CN107956522A (zh) * 2017-12-06 2018-04-24 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 一种除湿级渐扩式汽缸疏水结构

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1696002A (en) * 1925-08-01 1928-12-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Turbine
US1736612A (en) * 1927-05-02 1929-11-19 Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab Steam turbine
US1834451A (en) * 1926-12-30 1931-12-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Steam turbine construction
CH164297A (de) * 1930-04-12 1933-09-30 Siemens Ag Niederdruckschaufel von Dampfturbinen.
US2121645A (en) * 1936-01-17 1938-06-21 Gen Electric Elastic fluid turbine
US2399009A (en) * 1944-07-25 1946-04-23 Gen Electric Elastic fluid turbine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1696002A (en) * 1925-08-01 1928-12-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Turbine
US1834451A (en) * 1926-12-30 1931-12-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Steam turbine construction
US1736612A (en) * 1927-05-02 1929-11-19 Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab Steam turbine
CH164297A (de) * 1930-04-12 1933-09-30 Siemens Ag Niederdruckschaufel von Dampfturbinen.
US2121645A (en) * 1936-01-17 1938-06-21 Gen Electric Elastic fluid turbine
US2399009A (en) * 1944-07-25 1946-04-23 Gen Electric Elastic fluid turbine

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3498728A (en) * 1967-12-08 1970-03-03 English Electric Co Ltd Steam turbines
US3685292A (en) * 1971-03-19 1972-08-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp System and method for determining whether drain conduits for draining condensate from the turbine casing are clogged and clearing the conduits if they are
US3724967A (en) * 1971-10-28 1973-04-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Moisture removal device for a steam turbine
US3973870A (en) * 1974-11-04 1976-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Internal moisture removal scheme for low pressure axial flow steam turbine
ES2048053A2 (es) * 1990-09-12 1994-03-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Control de la erosion a traves de la reduccion del transporte de humedad por un flujo secundario.
JPH04246205A (ja) * 1990-09-12 1992-09-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp <We> 蒸気タービン
US5112187A (en) * 1990-09-12 1992-05-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Erosion control through reduction of moisture transport by secondary flow
JPH06123202A (ja) * 1992-10-07 1994-05-06 Toshiba Corp 蒸気タービンの湿分分離装置
JP3093479B2 (ja) 1992-10-07 2000-10-03 株式会社東芝 蒸気タービンの湿分分離装置
US6007296A (en) * 1997-03-08 1999-12-28 Abb Research Ltd. Guide blade for steam turbines
EP0987404A3 (de) * 1998-09-17 2002-01-23 ABBPATENT GmbH Anordnung zur Leitschaufelträgerentwässerung bei einer Turbine
US7789618B2 (en) 2006-08-28 2010-09-07 General Electric Company Systems for moisture removal in steam turbine engines
US20080050221A1 (en) * 2006-08-28 2008-02-28 General Electric Systems for moisture removal in steam turbine engines
JP2008075655A (ja) * 2006-09-21 2008-04-03 General Electric Co <Ge> 蒸気タービンの動作を制御する装置及び蒸気タービン
KR101359773B1 (ko) 2006-09-21 2014-02-06 제너럴 일렉트릭 캄파니 증기 터빈 및 증기 터빈용 다이어프램 조립체
US20100221095A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Steam turbine and method for extracting moisture from a steam turbine
US20100329853A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 General Electric Company Moisture removal provisions for steam turbine
US20150139812A1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-21 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Steam Turbine
US10145248B2 (en) * 2013-11-21 2018-12-04 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Steam turbine
US10794196B2 (en) * 2013-11-21 2020-10-06 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Steam turbine
US11203941B2 (en) * 2013-11-21 2021-12-21 Mitsubishi Power, Ltd. Steam turbine
US11028695B2 (en) * 2017-01-20 2021-06-08 Mitsubishi Power, Ltd. Steam turbine
JP2020026785A (ja) * 2018-08-15 2020-02-20 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 二相流タービン動翼、二相流タービン、及び、冷凍サイクルシステム
WO2020036050A1 (ja) * 2018-08-15 2020-02-20 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 二相流タービン動翼、二相流タービン、及び、冷凍サイクルシステム
CN108915804A (zh) * 2018-09-25 2018-11-30 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 一种适应外缘除湿的挡板及其使用方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE304997B (de) 1968-10-14
DE1426836B2 (de) 1970-05-27
DE1426836A1 (de) 1969-01-30
CH427743A (fr) 1967-01-15
GB1099501A (en) 1968-01-17

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