US1696002A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

Deel 18, 1928. 1,696,002

H. J. HANzLlK Filed Augfl, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Patented Dec. 18, 1928.

UNITED STATES HENRY J. HANZLIK, OP swAR'rHMORR, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNOR To wRs'rING- nOUsR ELRc'rRro a MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OP- PENNSYL- VANIA.

TURBINE.

Application led August ,1, 1925. Serial No. 47,578.

My invention relates to elastic iiuid tur-` bines, more particularly to multi-stage turbines, and it has for its object the provisiony of means for extracting moisture from the partially expanded motive fluid in its passagethrough the turbine. i

Apparatus made in accordance with my invention is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which Fig. 1 is a` fragmentary View showing, vin section, a turbine made in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is anv enlarged plan view of two stationary blades in a' row and arranged in accordance with Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the blades vand spacing pieces shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a View similar toFig. 2 showing a modified form of my invention; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the blades shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 isa view of a blade and spacing piece illustrating another modified form of my invention; and Figs. 7

. and 8 are sectional views illustrating still other modifications of my invention.

In the operation of steam turbines difficulties have been encountered, especially in the low pressure sections thereof, due to moisture in the partially expanded motive fluid. The i fmoisture entrained with the motive fluid an-d travelling at a high velocity through the blades exerts a serious braking effect on the turbine and causes erosion of the blading.

Due to the relativey density of steam and entrained moisture, the moisture is carried by centrifugal force along the outer ends ofthe moving blade rows and along the bases of the stationary blade rows.k The greatest damage y by erosion is accordingly found along the outer ends of the moving blades and the bases of the stationary blade rows. v

I overcomethe aforementioned dificulties by providing drainage grooves in the stationary blade carrying element and arranging the grooves to discharge the collectedmoisture without the stationary blade carrying element.l My invention is especially applicable to turbines wherein the stationary blades arecarried by rings mountedwithin the casing* and forming with the casing bleeder chambers from which partially expanded motive fluidis extracted. In such installations, the bleeder connection furnishes areadymeans rforwithdrawing the moisture ed within the casing lOisa stationary blade carrying ring 12 having'aflange portion 13 carried in a. groove 14formed`in the turbine casing. In the ring 12 are mounted a plurality of rows of stationary blades 16-16 which interleave with a like number of rows of moving blades 17-17 carriedby the rotor 11. In the illustration, Fig. 1, I show the lower half of the ring 12 below the half of th-e rotor 11, Vas having ythe stationary blades 16-16 removed in order that the relationof the grooves, the blades and the blade ring may be more clearly understood.

Formed in the inner periphery of the blade ring 12 and extending transversely 'thereof' between the blade rows are aseries of grooves f creased moisture within the steam. The

grooves 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 all extend entirely to the leaving edge vof the blade ring 12 so that any moisture collected therein passes tothe leaving edge and thence outwardly of the blade ring 12 in the space between said blade ring and the next adjacent blade ring. At 26, I show a blee-der connection communicating with the interior of the casing 10' from which moisture extractedV from the steam by means of the drainage grooves may be readily removedfrom the interior of the casing.

Between adjacent blades in the row 16-16 isa spacing member 27, (See Figs.. 2 to 5.) In order that moisture collected within the drainage grooves may cross the stationary blade rows I6-16, I provide a groove 28m the `require'clnumber of spacing blades.

pieces, and arrange the grooves 28 to come vopposite cooperating drainage grooves in the requiring it to travel across several bladey rows in grooves such as illustrated in Fig. l. l accordingly may provide holes en ending through the blade ring as shown at 3l in Fig. 6 and provide holes 32 in the spacing inembers 2'? cooperating with grooves in the blade ring l2 as before illustrated and provide in the member 27, a second hole 33 joining the hole 32 and comingl yopposite the hole 3l formed in the blade ring. ln accordance with this modification the moisture entrained from the steam is not required to cross the stationary blade rows but is extracted directly to the exterior of the stationary blade carrying ring through the holes 32, 83 and 3l.

ln accordance with the modification of my invention shown in F ig. l" the grooves in the stationary blade carrying ring l2, instead of extending transversely ofthe blade ring, may extend circumferentially around the inner periphery of the ring asl indicated at 36m36. Connecting the groovesBG-S with the outer portion of the ring 12 are a plurality7 of series of holes S7-37 formed in the'blade ring l2.V

The grooves 36-36 are formed in the blade ring 12 directly opposite the tips of the moving blades so that vthe moisture is urged into the grooves by centrifugal force. ln llig. 8 l illustrate a modification Aof my invention. adapted for use with shrouded ln this figure, l show two. rows of stationary blades S8-38 and a row of moving bladeswl, both the stationary and moving blades being provided with a well-known form of shrouding ll adapted to minimize leakage of motive `fluid over the tips ofsaid blades and permitting relatively large radial clearances. With this type of blading the moisture in the partially expanded steam is carried out past the shrouding 4l of the moving blades into the space between the roots of the stationary blade rows 38; Holes 4t2-l2 are provided through the spacing members between the stationary blades which permit moisture to pass in the direction of vn'iotive fluid -flow toward the turbine exhaust. drom the foregoing, it will be apparent that I have provided, in an elastic fluid turbine, means for separating moisture from motive fluid in its passage through the turbine.

i Wrhile l have shown my invention in several v forms, yit will be obvious to thosey skilled in ceptible of various other changes and vmodlfications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and ldesire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as are specifi-y cally set forth in the appendedclaims.

"llh at l'cl'aim is: y V

l'. ln a turbine, the combination with a casing, of a blade-carrying element having an inner4 axially-extending blade-carrying portion and an outer radially extending portion detachably connected to the casing,V aplurality of rows of blades carried bythe bla le-carrying portion, and drainage means for each annular space between rows of blades and for the spaceat the leaving side ofthe last row of blades. y f" 2. Inaturbine, astationary blade ca ify ingv element .having a plurality of rows of blades mountedfthereon and provided with grooves extending transversely of theblade rows, the addedy cross section of the areas of saidrgrooves incre'asinginthe direction o'f motive'fluid flow. l

3. ln a turbine, a casing, a stationar'yblade carrying rin gy mountedwithin the casing andv having a series of grooves aroundlits inner periphery extending in 'the' direction of'motive fluid lflowto theV leaving side thereof, a second stationary blade carryingring dis-V posed within Vthe casing fand closely spaced from the first-mentioned ring and forming, togetherl with the lfirstmentioned ring and the casing, a chamber into which said grooves discharge the condensed moisture collecting therein. 'Y Y 2l. In a turbine, a stationary blade carrying ring having a series ofv grooves aroundits` inner periphery `extending in the direction of7 motive vliuid Vflow to the leaving side thereof and increasing in vnumber toward the leaving side of the blade carrying element. j Y

5. ln a turbine, the comlbination of a casing",

a bleeder connection communicating with the around its inner periphery and communicatf Y ing with the chamber.

l 6. In'a'turbine,astationary'blade carrying element provided with, drainage" grooves therein extendingin the ,direction 'of motive fluid flow, aplurality of ro'ws of's'tationary blades mountedon said element transversely of the grooves, spacing members 'between blades inV a row, and means 'provided in the spacing members Vopposite the Agrooves pern mitting moisture inthe grooves te pass said spacing members.

'7.V ln a turbine, a stationary blade carrying element provided withl drainage v#grooves therein extending in the 'direction of motive iuid low7 a plurality of rows of stationary blades mounted on said element transversely of the grooves7 spacing members between blades in a row andvrooves rovided in thek spacing members opposite the grooves in the ring permitting moisture in the grooves in the ringto pass said spacing members.

8. In a turbine, a stationary blade-carrying element provided with drainage grooves therein extending in the direction of motive fluid flow, a plurality of rows of stationary blades transversely of the grooves, spacing members mounted 0n said element n between the blades in a row7 and' grooves provided in the spacing members opposite the grooves in the blade carrying element pel'- mitting moisture in the grooves in thebladecarr in@ element to ass said s acinofinembers, the added cross sectionv of the areas of scribed my name this twentieth day of July, v

HENRY J. HANZLIK.

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