US3172892A - Reaction product of high molecular weight succinic acids and succinic anhydrides with an ethylene poly- amine - Google Patents

Reaction product of high molecular weight succinic acids and succinic anhydrides with an ethylene poly- amine Download PDF

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US3172892A
US3172892A US80266759A US3172892A US 3172892 A US3172892 A US 3172892A US 80266759 A US80266759 A US 80266759A US 3172892 A US3172892 A US 3172892A
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grams
product
oil
molecular weight
water
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Priority to DENDAT1248643D priority Critical patent/DE1248643B/de
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Priority to US80266759 priority patent/US3172892A/en
Priority to GB43717/59A priority patent/GB922831A/en
Priority to DE19601794292D priority patent/DE1794292B1/de
Priority to US12680961 priority patent/US3219666A/en
Priority to US348760A priority patent/US3278550A/en
Priority to FR7499A priority patent/FR1432851A/fr
Priority to NL6502540A priority patent/NL6502540A/xx
Priority to DE1965L0050105 priority patent/DE1570871A1/de
Publication of US3172892A publication Critical patent/US3172892A/en
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Priority to US468948A priority patent/US3341542A/en
Priority to US608219A priority patent/US3366569A/en
Priority to US610769A priority patent/US3444170A/en
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the preparation of an oil-soluble product which is useful as a dispersing agent in lubricating compositions.
  • the product is particularly useful in lubricating compositions intended for use in the crankcase of internal combustion engines.
  • crankcase lubricants One of the principal problems associated with present day crankcase lubricants is that posed by the inevitable presence in the lubricant of foreign particles such as dirt, soot, water and decomposition products resulting from breakdown of the oil. Even if there was none of this latter contaminant present the very nature of the design of the modern internal combustion engine is such that a significant amount of foreign matter will accumulate in the crankcase. Perhaps the most important of these contaminants is water because it seems to be responsible for the deposition of a mayonnaise-likesludge.
  • an oil-soluble acylated amine suitable for use as a dispersant in lubricant compositions which comprises mixing a substituted succinic compound selected from the class consisting of substituted succinic acids having the structural formula and substituted succinic anhydrides having the structural formula R-CHCO in which structural formulas R is a large, substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having at least about 50 carbon atoms, with at least about one-half an equivalent amount of an ethylene amine, and heating the resulting mixture to effect acylati on and remove the water formed thereby.
  • the size of the substituent of the succinic acid or anhydride is of major importance in the process because it allows the preparation of a product which satisfies the objects of the invention, i.e., one which is effective as a dispersant in low-temperature engine lubricants. It is critically important that this substituent be large, that it have at least about 50 carbon atoms in its structure.
  • These substituent groups are substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, including both alkyl and alkenyl radicals. They are commonly derived from polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylcne, etc., although they may be derived from any substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon.
  • the substituted succinic acids and anhydrides which are contemplated as a reactant in the process are readily available from the reaction of maleic anhydride with a. high molecular weight olefin or a chlorinated high molecular weight olefin.
  • the product from such a reaction is the corresponding alkenyl succinic anhydride
  • the reaction involves merely heating the two reactants at a temperature of about ISO-200 C.
  • the reactions in each case are illustrated by the following equations.
  • a substituted succinic anhydride in which the substituent is derivedfrom a copolymer of styrene and isobutylene, or of a substituted styrene and some other aliphatic olefin.
  • the copolymer will be substantially aliphatic, that is, the composition of the copolymer will be predominantly aliphatic, i.e., more than about 90% of the monomeric units will be those of the aliphatic monomer.
  • polystyrene resin The most commonly used sources of these substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon substituents are the polyolefins. These are illustrated by polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, etc. A particularly preferred polyolefin for this use is polyisobutylene.
  • polyisobutylene A particularly preferred polyolefin for this use is polyisobutylene.
  • polyisobutylene the condensation of a polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of 750 with maleic anhydride yields an alkenyl succinic anhydride which upon further reaction with an ethylene amine produces an especially effective lubricating oil dispersant.
  • Polyisobutylenes of this particular molecular weight are quite economically available and the effectiveness of products prepared from this material makes this starting material particularly desirable for use in a process of this invention.
  • the substituted succinic anhydride ordinarily is reacted directly with the ethylene amine although in some circumstances it may be desirable first to convert the anhydride to the acid before reaction with diamine. In other circumstances it may be desirable to prepare the substituted succinic acid by some other means and to use an acid prepared by such other means in the process. In any event either the acid or the anhydride may be used in the process of this invention.
  • ethylene amine is used in a generic sense to denote a class of polyamines conforming for the most part of the structure It in which 2: is an integer and -R is a low molecular weight alkyl radical or hydrogen.
  • ethylene diamine diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tretaethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, etc.
  • Such compounds are discussed in some detail under the heading Ethylene Amines in Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk and Othmer, vol. 5, pages 898-905, Interscience Publishers, New York (1950).
  • Such compounds are prepared most conveniently by the reaction of ethylene dichloride with ammonia. This process results in the production of' somewhat complex mixtures of ethylene amines.
  • ethylene amine is a mixture of ethylene amines prepared by the reaction ethylene chloride and ammonia, having a composition which corresponds to that of tetracthylcne pentamine. This is available in the trade under the trade name Polyamine H.
  • the reaction of the process involves a splitting out of water and the reaction conditions are such that this water is removed as it is formed.
  • the first principal reaction that occurs, following salt formation is the formation of a half amide R-CHCO R--(.IICOOII 0 InNR crncoNiIR CIl CO followed then by salt formation R-CHCOOH n-orrcoorntirn +1-nNR HgCONHR Il CONHR and involving finally dehydration of this salt to form the product fore there is also some imide-formation.
  • a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of a chlorinated polyisobutylene with maleic anhydride at 200 C.
  • the polyisobutenyl radical had an average molecular weight of 850 and the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride was found to have an acid number of 113 (corresponding to an equivalent weight of 500).
  • the mixture then was heated and a water-toluene a'zeotrope distilled from the mixture. When no more water would distill the mixture was heated to C. at reduced pressure to remove the toluene. The residue was diluted with 350 grams of mineral oil and this solution was found to have a nitrogen content of 1.6%.
  • Example 2 The procedures of Example I was repeated using 3
  • Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 55.5 grams (1.5 equivalents) of an ethylene amine mixture having a composition corresponding to that of triethylene tetramine. The resulting product had a nitrogen content of 1.9%.
  • Example 4 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 55.0 grams (1.5 equivalents) of triethylene tetramine as the amine reactant. The resulting product had a nitrogen content of 2.2%
  • EXAM PLE 5 ture was heated to distill the watentoluene azeotrope and then to 15 C. at reduced pressure to remove the remaining toluene.
  • the residual polyamide had a nitrogen content of 4.7%.
  • Example 6 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using 46 grams (1.5 equivalents) of ethylene diamine as the amine reactant. The product which resulted had a nitrogen content of 1.5%.
  • EXAMPLE 7 A polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride having an acid number of 105 and an equivalent weight of 540 was prepared by the reaction of a chlorinated polyisobutylene (having an average molecular weight of 1,050 and a chlorine content of 4.3%) and maleic anhydride. To a mixture of 300 parts by weight of the polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and 160 parts of weight of mineral oil there was added at 65-95 C. an equivalent amount (25 parts of weight) of Polyamine H (identified in Example This mixture then was heated to 150 C. to distill all of the water formed in the reaction. Nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture at this temperature to insure removal of the last traces of water. The residue was diluted by 79 parts by weight of mineral oil and this oil solution found to have a nitrogen content of 1.6%.
  • EXAMPLE 8 A mixture of 2,112 grams (3.9 equivalent) of the polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride of Example 7, 136 grams (3.9 equivalents) of diethylene triamine, and 1,060 grams of mineral oil was heated at 140450 C. for one hour. Nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture at this temperature for four more hours to aid in the removal of water. The residue was diluted with 420 grams of mineral oil and this oil solution was found to have a nitrogen content of 1.3%.
  • a polypropyenyl succinic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of a chlorinated polypropylene (having a molecular weight of about 900 and a chlorine content of 4%) and maleic anhydride at 200 C. The product had an acid number of 75. To a mixture of 390 grams (0.52 equivalent) of this polypropenyl succinic anhydride, 500 grams of toluene, and 170 grams of mineral oil there was added portionwise 22 grams (0.52 equivalent) of Polyamine H. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux temperature for three hours and water removed from an azeotrope with toluene. The toluene then was removed by heating to 150 C./20 millimeters. The residue was found to contain 1.3 of nitrogen.
  • a substituted succinic anhydride was prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with a chlorinated copolymer of isobutylene and styrene.
  • the copolymer consisted of 94 parts by weight of isobutylene units and 6 parts by weight of styrene units, had an average molecular weight of 1,200, and was chlorinated to a chlorine content of 2.8% by weight.
  • the resulting substituted succinic an- I hydride had an acid number of 40. To 710 grams (0.51
  • a substituted succinic anhydride was prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with a chlorinated copolymer of isobutylene-and isoprene.
  • the copolyrner consisted of 99 parts by weight of isobutylene units and 1% by weight of isoprene units.
  • the molecular weight of the copolymer was 28,000 and the chlorine content of the chlorinated copolymer was 1.95%.
  • the resulting a1- kenyl succinic anhydride had an acid number of 54.
  • a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of a chlorinated polysiobutylene with maleic anhydride.
  • the chlorinated polyisobutylene had a chlorine content of 2% and an average molecular weight of 11,000.
  • the polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride had an acid number of 48.
  • a mixture of 410 grams (0.35 equivalent) of this anhydride, 15 grams (0.35 equivalent) of Polyamine H and 500 grams of toluene was heated at reflux temperature for four hours to remove water from an azeotrope with toluene. The toluene then was removed by heating to 150 C./20 millimeters. The nitrogen content of the residue was 1.3%.
  • EXAMPLE 15 A polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acid was prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding anhydride (prepared in turn by the condensation of a chlorinated poly- 7 isobutylene and maleic anhydride). To 1,152 grams (1.5 equivalents) of a 70% mineral oil solution of this polyisobutenyl succinic acid having an acid number of 62 there was added at room temperature 59.5 grams (1.5 equivalents) of Polyamine H. This mixture was heated at ISO-167 C. for 7 hours during which time a total of 19.5 grams of water was distilled from the mixture. The residue was diluted with 174 grams of mineral oil and then filtered at 150 C. The filtrate had a nitrogen content of 1.6%.
  • EXAMPLE 16 A mixture of 1,056 grams (2.0 equivalents) of the polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride of the preceding example (in which the polyisobutenyl group has a molecular weight of 850), 89 grams (2.0 equivalents) of di- (-1,2-propylene) triamine (having a nitrogen content of 31.3%), 370 grams of mineral oil and 100 grams of toluene was heated at reflux temperature (ISO-190 C.) for hours. A total of 18 grams of water was collected from the water-toluene azeotrope. The residue was heated to 150 C./20 mm. to remove any last traces of water which might have remained. The nitrogen analysis of this residue was 1.9%.
  • EXAMPLE 17 A polyisobutylene having an average molecular weight of 50,000 was chlorinated to a chlorine content of by weight. This chlorinated polyisobutylene was reacted with maleic anhydride to produce the corresponding polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride having an acid number of 24. To 6,000 grams (2.55 equivalents) of this anhydride there was added portionwise at 70-105" C. 108 grams (2.55 equivalents) of Polyamine H over a preiod of 45 minutes. The resulting mixture was heated for four hours at l60-l80 C. while nitrogen was bubbled throughout to remove water. When all of the water had been removed the product was filtered and the filtrate found to have a nitrogen content of 0.6%.
  • EXAMPLE 18 An alkenyl succinic anhydride in which the alkenyl group has less than 50 carbon atoms was prepared from a polyisobutylcne having an average molecular weight This polymer was chlorinated to a chlorine content of 9.7% and then reacted with maleic anhydride. The resulting polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride had an acid number of 190 and an equivalent weight of 300. The procedure of Example 1 was followed using 1.0 equivalent of this polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and 1.0 equivalentof Polyamine H. The resulting product then was diluted with mineral oil to a 58% solution therein; the nitrogen content was 3.2%.
  • EXAMPLE 19 Another alkeny] succinic anhydride in which the alkenyl group has less than 50 carbons was prepared by alkylation of maleic anhydride with tetrapropylene. Equivalent amounts of this tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride and triethylene tetramine in toluene were heated at reflux temperature until substantially all of the water was removed. The toluene then was removed by heating at 155% C. under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in chlorine oil to a 60% solution. This oil solution was found to have a nitrogen content of 4.8%.
  • the dispersant qualities of the products prepared by the process of this invention are most striking when used in mineral oil lubricants. These products are miscible in such lubricants in all proportions, and normally they are employed in concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the total lubricant composition. The optimum concentration ordinarily depends upon the nature of the particular base mineral oil stock and the type of service to which the lubricant is to be subjected. The optimum amount will lie within the narrower range of from about 0.5% to about 3%.
  • a mineral oil solution containing only a small percentage of a product of this invention is a satisfactory lubricant in many commercial applications.
  • Most commercial lubricants, however, are subjected to a wide variety of difficult environments and it is necessary for the satisfactory performance of these lubricants to employ more than one type of additive.
  • the products of this invention are notably effective in the improvement of dispersant properties, particularly for low temperature operations, it frequently is necessary to use this dispersant product in combination with other types of additives such as metallic dispersants, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, viscosity improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, etc.
  • additives such as metallic dispersants, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, viscosity improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, etc.
  • An especially useful combination of additives for use in crankcase lubricants is the combination of the type of additive prepared by the process of this invention and a metallic dispersant.
  • Such metallic dispersants include for example the alkaline earth metal sulfonates, carboxylates and phenates.
  • the alkaline earth metal sulfonates are especially useful in this combination and they include specifically the neutral and basic barium alkylaromatic sulfonates, calcium mahogany sulfonates and calcium alkyl-aromatic sulfonates.
  • the term basic sulfonates is used to denote those compositions which contain a stoichiometrically excessive amount of metal, usually as the metal carbonate, with respect to the sulfonate anion of the composition.
  • Another very useful combination of additives comprises the type of additive prepared by the process of this invention and a corrosion inhibitor.
  • corrosion inhibitors include the metal phosphorodithioates, the various olefin-phosphorus sulfide reaction products and phenolic compounds.
  • a particularly satisfactory metal phosphorodithioate is the zinc dialkyl phosphorodithioate in which the alkyl groups are C -C and a similarly very useful olefin-phosphorus sulfide reaction product is a turpentine-phosphorus pentasulfide condensation product.
  • crankcase lubricant used in taxicabs which had been operated for over 50,000 miles each.
  • ten 6-cylinder 1958 Chevrolet cars (with no oil filters) were operated as a fleet of taxicabs.
  • the crankcase lubricant was a sulfur-refined Mid-Continent petroleum oil having a viscosity of 185 SUS/ F. and a viscosity index of 112, and containing 5.9% by volume of a polyalkylmethacrylate viscosity index improver and 0.59% by volume of a zinc dialkyl phosphorodithioate (the alkyl groups being isobutyl and a mixture of primary amyl).
  • Crankcase oil drains were taken from each car at oilchange intervals of about 3,000 miles of service and these drains combined.
  • a 30-cc. sample of each of the combined drains was mixed with 1% by weight of the dispersant additive to be tested and 2% by weight of water. This mixture then was homogenized, placed in a 100-cc. graduated cone-shaped centrifuge tube and centrifuged for two hours at 1500 r.p.m.
  • the various dispersants were evaluated by noting the volume of deposited sediment in terms of cubic centimeters and also the turbidity of the supernatant oil layer. It is apparent that the more effective dispersants will give test results which show a minimum of deposited sediment and a relatively hazy supernatant oil layer.
  • the clarity of the supernatant oil layer was determined by the amount of light transmitted through it from a 3-volt, 0.75 watt incandescent bulb.
  • the dispersant properties of the compositions of this invention may be illustrated also by the results of an oxidation-dispersancy test which is useful as a screening test for determining the effectiveness of the dispersant additive under light-duty service conditions.
  • a 350-cc. sample of a lubricating oil containing the dispersant additive is placed in a 2" x 15" borosilicate tube.
  • a 1%" x 5 /8 SAE 1020 steel panel is immersed in the oil.
  • the sample then is heated at 300 F. for 48 hours while air is bubbled through the oil at the rate of 10 liters per hour.
  • the oxidized sample is cooled to 120 F., homogenized. allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours and then filtered through two layers of No.
  • Two modifications of the above procedure may be employed; both make the test more severe; one consists of extending the test from 48 hours to 96 hours, and the other involves adding 0.5% of water, based on the weight of the test sample, to the oxidized oil before homogenization.
  • the lubricating oil employed in this test was a Mid-Continent conventionally refined petroleum oil having a viscosity of about 200 SUS/100 F., and containing 0.001% by weight of iron naphthenate (to promote oxidation).
  • Modification b 0.5% of water used in the test.
  • the engine is dismantled and various pants of the engine are examined for engine deposits.
  • the lubricant dispersant addition agent is then rated according to (1) the extent of piston ring-filling,
  • NICHOLAS S. RIZZO Primary Examiner.

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US80266759 1959-03-30 1959-03-30 Reaction product of high molecular weight succinic acids and succinic anhydrides with an ethylene poly- amine Expired - Lifetime US3172892A (en)

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DENDAT1248643D DE1248643B (de) 1959-03-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen aeylierten Aminen
US80266759 US3172892A (en) 1959-03-30 1959-03-30 Reaction product of high molecular weight succinic acids and succinic anhydrides with an ethylene poly- amine
GB43717/59A GB922831A (en) 1959-03-30 1959-12-23 Metal-free lubricant additives
DE19601794292D DE1794292B1 (de) 1959-03-30 1960-01-07 Schmiermittel auf Mineralschmieroelbasis
US12680961 US3219666A (en) 1959-03-30 1961-07-21 Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds
US348760A US3278550A (en) 1959-03-30 1964-03-02 Reaction products of a hydrocarbonsubstituted succinic acid-producing compound, an amine and an alkenyl cyanide
FR7499A FR1432851A (fr) 1959-03-30 1965-03-01 Polyamines substituées et leur procédé de fabrication
NL6502540A NL6502540A (fr) 1959-03-30 1965-03-01
DE1965L0050105 DE1570871A1 (de) 1959-03-30 1965-03-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung stickstoffhaltiger Massen,welche als Zusaetze in Kohlenwasserstoffoelen brauchbar sind
US468948A US3341542A (en) 1959-03-30 1965-07-01 Oil soluble acrylated nitrogen compounds having a polar acyl, acylimidoyl or acyloxy group with a nitrogen atom attached directly thereto
US608219A US3366569A (en) 1959-03-30 1967-01-09 Lubricating compositions containing the reaction product of a substituted succinic acid-producing compound, an amino compound, and an alkenyl cyanide
US610769A US3444170A (en) 1959-03-30 1967-01-23 Process which comprises reacting a carboxylic intermediate with an amine

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US12680961 US3219666A (en) 1959-03-30 1961-07-21 Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds
US348760A US3278550A (en) 1959-03-30 1964-03-02 Reaction products of a hydrocarbonsubstituted succinic acid-producing compound, an amine and an alkenyl cyanide
US40261764A 1964-10-08 1964-10-08
US468948A US3341542A (en) 1959-03-30 1965-07-01 Oil soluble acrylated nitrogen compounds having a polar acyl, acylimidoyl or acyloxy group with a nitrogen atom attached directly thereto

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US348760A Expired - Lifetime US3278550A (en) 1959-03-30 1964-03-02 Reaction products of a hydrocarbonsubstituted succinic acid-producing compound, an amine and an alkenyl cyanide
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US3341542A (en) 1967-09-12
GB922831A (en) 1963-04-03
FR1432851A (fr) 1966-03-25
NL6502540A (fr) 1965-09-03
US3219666A (en) 1965-11-23
DE1248643B (de) 1967-08-31
DE1570871A1 (de) 1970-02-26
DE1794292B1 (de) 1970-07-23
US3278550A (en) 1966-10-11

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