WO2020112338A1 - Compositions d'huile lubrifiante présentant une résistance au dépôt améliorée et procédés associés - Google Patents

Compositions d'huile lubrifiante présentant une résistance au dépôt améliorée et procédés associés Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020112338A1
WO2020112338A1 PCT/US2019/060811 US2019060811W WO2020112338A1 WO 2020112338 A1 WO2020112338 A1 WO 2020112338A1 US 2019060811 W US2019060811 W US 2019060811W WO 2020112338 A1 WO2020112338 A1 WO 2020112338A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
composition
group
base stock
friction modifier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/060811
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas E. Deckman
Andrew D. SATTERFIELD
Willie A. GIVENS
Original Assignee
Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company filed Critical Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company
Publication of WO2020112338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020112338A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M109/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/42—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M165/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
    • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2855—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/102—Polyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/011—Cloud point
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to lubricating oils with improved deposit resistance and in particular, high temperature deposit resistance, and methods of making and using such lubricating oils.
  • the lubricating oils include one or more ashless organic friction modifiers in combination with one or more overbased detergents.
  • the lubricating oils are useful as passenger vehicle engine oil (PVEO) products or commercial vehicle engine oil (CVEO) products.
  • Lubricating oils for internal combustion engines contain in addition to at least one base lubricating oil, additives which enhance the performance of the lubricating oil.
  • additives such as antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, friction modifiers, viscosity modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear additives, pour point depressants, seal swell additives, and antifoam agents are used in lubricating oil compositions.
  • Dispersants help keep these byproducts in solution, thus diminishing their deposit on metal surfaces.
  • Dispersants may be ashless or ash-forming (non-ashless) in nature. So called ashless dispersants are organic materials that form substantially no ash upon combustion.
  • a known class of dispersants is the alkenylsuccinic derivatives, typically produced by the reaction of a long chain substituted alkenyl succinic compound, usually a substituted succinic anhydride, with a polyhydroxy or polyamino compound.
  • the long chain group constituting the oleophilic portion of the molecule which confers solubility in the oil, is normally a polyisobutylene group.
  • Engine cleanliness is a critical performance attribute of modem engine lubricants.
  • a well-known engine cleanliness test is the TEOST 33C (ASTM D6335) deposit bench test, which is designed to simulate temperatures experienced in turbochargers.
  • This disclosure relates to lubricating oils which provide surprising and unexpected improvements in deposit resistance (in particular high temperature deposit resistance) and cleanliness and methods of making and using such lubricating oils.
  • the lubricating oils of this disclosure include one or more ashless organic friction modifiers in combination with one or more overbased detergents that provide improvements in cleanliness performance.
  • the disclosure also relates to methods of using such lubricating oils to improve passenger vehicle engine and commercial vehicle engine performance and in particular for turbocharged engines.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprises: a lubricating oil base stock at from 20 to 95 wt% of the composition, at least one ashless organic friction modifier at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, at least one overbased detergent at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, and wherein the remainder of the lubricating oil composition includes one or more other lubricating oil additives.
  • the at least one ashless organic friction modifier is selected from the group consisting of
  • a and B are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl
  • A, B and C are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, a C2-C24 alkenyl, a C1-C24 alkylcarbonyl, and a C1-C24 alkenylcarbonyl;
  • a B wherein A is a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl and B is O, an amino, a Cl- C8 alkylamino or a C1-C8 dialkylamino;
  • the deposit resistance of the lubricating oil composition as measured by TEOST 33C total deposits is at least 20% lower than the deposit resistance for a comparable lubricating oil composition not including the combination of the at least one ashless organic friction modifier and the at least one overbased detergent.
  • a method for improving the high temperature deposit resistance of a lubricating oil composition for use in lubricating a mechanical component comprises: providing a lubricating oil composition to a mechanical component, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises: a lubricating oil base stock at from 20 to 95 wt% of the composition, at least one ashless organic friction modifier at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, at least one overbased detergent at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, and wherein the remainder of the lubricating oil composition includes one or more other lubricating oil additives.
  • the at least one ashless organic friction modifier is selected from the group consisting of
  • a and B are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl
  • A, B and C are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, a C2-C24 alkenyl, a C1-C24 alkylcarbonyl, and a C1-C24 alkenylcarbonyl;
  • a B wherein A is a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl and B is O, an amino, a Cl- C8 alkylamino or a C1-C8 dialkylamino;
  • n-tallow 1,3 diaminopropane a polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide and combinations thereof.
  • the method provides a deposit resistance as measured by TEOST 33C total deposits (ASTM D6335) that is at least 20% lower than the deposit resistance for a comparable lubricating oil composition not including the combination of the at least one ashless organic friction modifier and the at least one overbased detergent.
  • Figure 1 shows a tabular depiction of TEOST 33C results for partially formulated lubricating oil compositions of the Examples including various base stocks and combinations of high TBN calcium salicylate detergent and ashless organic friction modifier.
  • Figure 2 shows a tabular depiction of TEOST 33C results for partially formulated lubricating oil compositions of the Examples including a combination of various high TBN detergents and ashless organic friction modifier with a 4 cSt PAO base stock.
  • Figure 3 shows a tabular depiction of TEOST 33C results for partially formulated lubricating oil compositions of the Examples including various friction modifiers in combination with a high TBN calcium salicylate detergent in a 4 cSt PAO base stock.
  • Figure 4 shows a tabular depiction of TEOST 33C results for partially formulated lubricating oil compositions of the Examples including a combination of high TBN calcium salicylate detergent in combination with an ashless organic friction modifier at various loadings (0 to 1 wt.% of the partially formulated oil) in a 4 cSt PAO base stock.
  • Figure 5 shows a graphical depiction of TEOST 33C results versus ashless organic friction modifier loading for the partially formulated lubricating oil compositions of the Examples of Figure 4.
  • Alkyl as it relates to the ashless organic friction modifiers includes straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, such as, methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, /-propyl or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers.
  • Alkenyl as it relates to the ashless organic friction modifiers includes straight-chain or branched alkenes such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and the different butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl isomers.
  • “Major amount” as it relates to components included within the lubricating oils of the specification and the claims means greater than or equal to 50 wt.%, or greater than or equal to 60 wt.%, or greater than or equal to 70 wt.%, or greater than or equal to 80 wt.%, or greater than or equal to 90 wt.% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil.
  • Minor amount as it relates to components included within the lubricating oils of the specification and the claims means less than 50 wt.%, or less than or equal to 40 wt.%, or less than or equal to 30 wt.%, or greater than or equal to 20 wt.%, or less than or equal to 10 wt.%, or less than or equal to 5 wt.%, or less than or equal to 2 wt.%, or less than or equal to 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil.
  • Essentially free as it relates to components included within the lubricating oils of the specification and the claims means that the particular component is at 0 weight % within the lubricating oil, or alternatively is at impurity type levels within the lubricating oil (less than 100 ppm, or less than 20 ppm, or less than 10 ppm, or less than 1 ppm).
  • Oil lubricating oil additives as used in the specification and the claims means other lubricating oil additives that are not specifically recited in the particular section of the specification or the claims.
  • other lubricating oil additives may include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, metal passivators, pour point depressants, seal compatibility agents, antifoam agents, extreme pressure agents, friction modifiers and combinations thereof.
  • Hydrocarbon refers to a compound consisting of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.
  • Alkane refers to a hydrocarbon that is completely saturated.
  • An alkane can be linear, branched, cyclic, or substituted cyclic.
  • Olefin refers to a non-aromatic hydrocarbon comprising one or more carbon-carbon double bond in the molecular structure thereof.
  • “Mono-olefin” refers to an olefin comprising a single carbon-carbon double bond.
  • Cn group or compound refers to a group or a compound comprising carbon atoms at total number thereof of n.
  • “Cm-Cn” group or compound refers to a group or compound comprising carbon atoms at a total number thereof in the range from m to n.
  • a C1-C50 alkyl group refers to an alkyl group comprising carbon atoms at a total number thereof in the range from 1 to 50.
  • Carbon backbone refers to the longest straight carbon chain in the molecule of the compound or the group in question.“Branch” refer to any substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group connected to the carbon backbone. A carbon atom on the carbon backbone connected to a branch is called a“branched carbon.”
  • Epsilon-carbon in a branched alkane refers to a carbon atom in its carbon backbone that is (i) connected to two hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms and (ii) connected to a branched carbon via at least four (4) methylene (CH2) groups. Quantity of epsilon carbon atoms in terms of mole percentage thereof in a alkane material based on the total moles of carbon atoms can be determined by using, e.g., 13 C NMR.
  • SAE refers to SAE International, formerly known as Society of Automotive Engineers, which is a professional organization that sets standards for internal combustion engine lubricating oils.
  • SAE J300 refers to the viscosity grade classification system of engine lubricating oils established by SAE, which defines the limits of the classifications in rheological terms only.
  • Base stock or“base oil” interchangeably refers to an oil that can be used as a component of lubricating oils, heat transfer oils, hydraulic oils, grease products, and the like.
  • “Lubricating oil” or“lubricant” interchangeably refers to a substance that can be introduced between two or more surfaces to reduce the level of friction between two adjacent surfaces moving relative to each other.
  • a lubricant base stock is a material, typically a fluid at various levels of viscosity at the operating temperature of the lubricant, used to formulate a lubricant by admixing with other components.
  • base stocks suitable in lubricants include API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V base stocks.
  • PAOs, particularly hydrogenated PAOs have recently found wide use in lubricants as a Group IV base stock, and are particularly preferred. If one base stock is designated as a primary base stock in the lubricant, additional base stocks may be called a co-base stock.
  • KV100 Kinematic viscosity at 100°C
  • KV40 kinematic viscosity at 40°C
  • Unit of all KV100 and KV40 values herein is cSt unless otherwise specified.
  • NV Noack volatility
  • CCS viscosity CCSV
  • ASTM 5293 CCS viscosity
  • mPa s millipascal second
  • All CCSV values are measured at a temperature of interest to the lubricating oil formulation or oil composition in question.
  • the temperature of interest is the temperature at which the SAE J300 imposes a minimal CCSV.
  • lubricating oils of this disclosure containing a lubricating oil base stock at from 20 to 95 wt% of the composition, at least one ashless organic friction modifier at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, at least one overbased detergent at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, and wherein the remainder of the lubricating oil composition includes one or more other lubricating oil additives provide for a deposit resistance as measured by TEOST 33C total deposits (ASTM D6335) that is at least 20% lower than the deposit resistance for a comparable lubricating oil composition not including the combination of the at least one ashless organic friction modifier and the at least one overbased detergent.
  • the at least one ashless organic friction modifier may be selected from the group consisting of
  • a and B are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl
  • A, B and C are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, a C2-C24 alkenyl, a C1-C24 alkylcarbonyl, and a C1-C24 alkenylcarbonyl;
  • a B wherein A is a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl and B is O, an amino, a Cl- C8 alkylamino or a C1-C8 dialkylamino;
  • n-tallow 1,3 diaminopropane n-tallow 1,3 diaminopropane; a polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide and combinations thereof.
  • the at least one ashless organic friction modifier it is preferable if it is selected from the group consisting of mixed mono- (47%), di-(33%) and tri-(20%) fatty acids using saturated Cl 6 and Cl 8 alkyl chains, glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleate, propylene glycol stearyl ether, poly-hydroxylcarboxylic acid esters of polyalkylene oxide modified polyols, n- tallow 1,3 diaminopropane, oleic acid, oleyl amide, and polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide and combinations thereof.
  • the deposit resistance as measured by TEOST 33C total deposits (ASTM D6335) of the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein is at least 100% lower, or at least 90% lower, or at least 80% lower, or at least 70% lower, or at least 60% lower, or at least 50% lower, or at least 40% lower, or at least 30% lower, or at least 10% lower than a comparable lubricating oil composition not including the combination of one or more ashless organic friction modifiers and one or more overbased detergents disclosed herein.
  • the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein provide a TEOST 33C deposits of less than or equal to 80 mg, or less than or equal to 70 mg, or less than or equal to 60 mg, or less than or equal to 50 mg, or less than or equal to 40 mg, or less than or equal to 30 mg, or less than or equal to 20 mg, or less than or equal to 10 mg.
  • the benefit in TEOST 33C deposits (lower TEOST 33C values) provided by the lubricating oil compositions including one or more ashless organic friction modifiers in combination with one or more overbased detergents in comparison to comparable lubricating oil compositions not including the combinations of one or more ashless organic friction modifiers and one or more overbased detergents disclosed is surprising and unexpected.
  • a method is also provided to improve the high temperature deposit resistance of a lubricating oil composition for use in lubricating a mechanical component comprising: providing a lubricating oil composition to a mechanical component, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises: a lubricating oil base stock at from 20 to 95 wt% of the composition, at least one ashless organic friction modifier at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, at least one overbased detergent at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, and wherein the remainder of the lubricating oil composition includes one or more other lubricating oil additives.
  • the method provides for a deposit resistance as measured by TEOST 33C total deposits (ASTM D6335) that is at least 20% lower than the deposit resistance for a comparable lubricating oil composition not including the combination of the at least one ashless organic friction modifier and the at least one overbased detergent.
  • the at least one ashless organic friction modifier may be selected from the group consisting of
  • a and B are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl
  • A, B and C are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, a C2-C24 alkenyl, a C1-C24 alkylcarbonyl, and a C1-C24 alkenylcarbonyl;
  • a B wherein A is a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl and B is O, an amino, a Cl- C8 alkylamino or a C1-C8 dialkylamino;
  • n-tallow 1,3 diaminopropane a polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide and combinations thereof.
  • a polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide and combinations thereof it is preferable that it is selected from the group consisting of mixed mono- (47%), di-(33%) and tri-(20%) fatty acids using saturated Cl 6 and Cl 8 alkyl chains, glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleate, propylene glycol stearyl ether, poly-hydroxylcarboxylic acid esters of polyalkylene oxide modified polyols, n- tallow 1,3 diaminopropane, oleic acid, oleyl amide, and polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide and combinations thereof.
  • the method to improve high temperature deposit resistance of a lubricating oil composition for use in lubricating a mechanical component provides a TEOST 33C deposits of less than or equal to 80 mg, or less than or equal to 70 mg, or less than or equal to 60 mg, or less than or equal to 50 mg, or less than or equal to 40 mg, or less than or equal to 30 mg, or less than or equal to 20 mg, or less than or equal to 10 mg.
  • TEOST 33C deposits (lower TEOST 33C values) provided by the methods to improve high temperature deposit resistance of a lubricating oil composition including one or more ashless organic friction modifiers in combination with one or more overbased detergents in comparison to comparable lubricating oil compositions not including the combinations of one or more ashless organic friction modifiers and one or more overbased detergents disclosed is surprising and unexpected.
  • the methods to improve deposit resistance of this disclosure provide advantaged cleanliness performance in the lubrication of internal combustion engines, power trains, drivelines, transmissions, gears, gear trains, gear sets, compressors, pumps, hydraulic systems, bearings, bushings, turbines, and the like. Also, the methods to improve deposit resistance of this disclosure provide advantaged cleanliness performance in the lubrication of mechanical components, which can include, for example, pistons, piston rings, cylinder liners, cylinders, cams, tappets, lifters, bearings (journal, roller, tapered, needle, ball, and the like), gears, valves, and the like.
  • lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure provide advantaged cleanliness performance and deposit resistance as a component in lubricant compositions, which can include, for example, lubricating liquids, semi-solids, solids, greases, dispersions, suspensions, material concentrates, additive concentrates, and the like.
  • a friction modifier is any material or materials that can alter the coefficient of friction of a surface lubricated by any lubricant or fluid containing such material(s).
  • Friction modifiers also known as friction reducers, friction improvers, or lubricity agents or oiliness agents, and other such agents that change the ability of base oils, formulated lubricant compositions, or functional fluids, to modify the coefficient of friction of a lubricated surface may be effectively used in combination with the base oils or lubricant compositions of the present disclosure if desired. Friction modifiers that lower the coefficient of friction are particularly advantageous in combination with the base oils and lube compositions of this disclosure.
  • Ashless organic friction modifiers are in included in the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure.
  • the inventive lubricating oils of this disclosure include at least one ashless organic friction modifier, which is incorporated at from 0.01 to 20 wt%, or 0.05 to 18 wt%, or 0.1 to 15 wt%, or 0.3 to 10 wt%, or 0.5 to 5 wt%, or 0.6 to 4 wt%, or 0.7 to 3 wt%, or 0.8 to 2.5 wt%, or 0.9 to 2.0 wt%, or 1.0 to 1.5 wt% of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Ashless organic friction modifiers useful in this disclosure may include lubricant materials that contain effective amounts of polar groups, for example, hydroxyl-containing hydrocarbyl base oils, glycerides, partial glycerides, glyceride derivatives, and the like.
  • Polar groups in friction modifiers may include hydrocarbyl groups containing effective amounts of O, N, S, or P, individually or in combination.
  • friction modifiers that may be particularly effective include, for example, salts (both ash-containing and ashless derivatives) of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amides, fatty esters, hydroxyl-containing carboxylates, and comparable synthetic long-chain hydrocarbyl acids, alcohols, amides, esters, hydroxy carboxylates, and the like.
  • salts both ash-containing and ashless derivatives
  • fatty acids fatty alcohols, fatty amides, fatty esters, hydroxyl-containing carboxylates
  • fatty alcohols, amides, esters hydroxy carboxylates
  • comparable synthetic long-chain hydrocarbyl acids alcohols, amides, esters, hydroxy carboxylates, and the like.
  • fatty organic acids, fatty amines, and sulfurized fatty acids may be used as suitable friction modifiers.
  • illustrative friction modifiers useful in the lubricating engine oil formulations of this disclosure include, for example, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, alkanolamides, polyol fatty acid esters, borated glycerol fatty acid esters, fatty alcohol ethers, and mixtures thereof.
  • Illustrative alkoxylated fatty acid esters include, for example, polyoxyethylene stearate, fatty acid polyglycol ester, and the like. These can include polyoxypropylene stearate, polyoxybutylene stearate, polyoxyethylene isosterate, polyoxypropylene isostearate, polyoxyethylene palmitate, and the like.
  • Illustrative alkanolamides include, for example, lauric acid diethylalkanolamide, palmic acid diethylalkanolamide, and the like. These can include oleic acid diethyalkanolamide, stearic acid diethylalkanolamide, oleic acid diethylalkanolamide, polyethoxylated hydrocarbylamides, polypropoxylated hydrocarbylamides, and the like.
  • Illustrative polyol fatty acid esters include, for example, glycerol mono-oleate, glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleate, saturated mono-, di-, and tri-glyceride esters, glycerol mono stearate, and the like. These can include polyol esters, hydroxyl-containing polyol esters, and the like.
  • Illustrative borated glycerol fatty acid esters include, for example, borated glycerol mono-oleate, borated glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleate, borated saturated mono-, di-, and tri-glyceride esters, borated glycerol mono-sterate, and the like.
  • glycerol polyols these can include trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, and the like.
  • These esters can be polyol monocarboxylate esters, polyol dicarboxylate esters, and on occasion polyoltricarboxylate esters.
  • Preferred can be the glycerol mono-oleates, glycerol dioleates, glycerol trioleates, glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleates, glycerol monostearates, glycerol distearates, and glycerol tristearates and the corresponding glycerol monopalmitates, glycerol dipalmitates, and glycerol tripalmitates, and the respective isostearates, linoleates, and the like.
  • the glycerol esters can be preferred as well as mixtures containing any of these. Ethoxylated, propoxylated, butoxylated fatty acid esters of polyols, especially using glycerol as underlying polyol can be preferred.
  • Illustrative fatty alcohol ethers include, for example, stearyl ether, myristyl ether, and the like. Alcohols, including those that have carbon numbers from C3 to C50, can be ethoxylated, propoxylated, or butoxylated to form the corresponding fatty alkyl ethers.
  • the underlying alcohol portion can preferably be stearyl, myristyl, C11 - C13 hydrocarbon, oleyl, isosteryl, and the like.
  • the friction modifier comprises at least one of a long chain alkly thiocarbamide, mixed glyceride ester (substituted or unsubstituted), ethoxylated fatty ester, phenyl, or combination thereof.
  • the friction modifier is selected from the group consisting of a molybdenum-containing friction modifier (long chain alkyl thio carbamide molybdenum complex), a mono, di and/or trimester; mostly saturated C14, Ci6 & Cie; an ethoxylated fatty ester; an ester/ether block copolymer, and combinations thereof.
  • Advantageous ashless organic friction modifiers for the lubricating oil compositions of the instant disclosure include the following:
  • a and B are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-
  • A is CH3 and B is a C16-C20 alkyl group.
  • A, B and C are each independently H, a Cl -C24 alkyl, a C2-C24 alkenyl, a C1-C24 alkylcarbonyl, and a C1-C24 alkenylcarbonyl.
  • A is a C14-C20 alkylcarbonyl or a C14-C20 alkenylcarbonyl wherein A is a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl and B is O, an amino, a C1-C8 alkylamino or a C1-C8 dialky lamino.
  • A is a C14-C20 alkyl or a C14-C20 alkenyl and B is oxygen.
  • Preferred ashless friction modifiers for the lubricating oil compositions of the instant disclosure include mixed mono- (47%), di-(33%) and tri-(20%) fatty acids using saturated C16 and Cl 8 alkyl chains), a glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleate,, a propylene glycol stearyl ether, a poly -hydroxylcarboxy lie acid esters of poly alky lene oxide modified polyols , n-tallow 1,3 diaminopropane , oleic acid , oleyl amide , and a polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide.
  • non-ashless (ash forming) inorganic friction modifiers for use in combination with the at least one ashless organic friction modifier may include metal-containing compounds in combination with the ashless organic friction modifiers disclosed herein.
  • metal-containing friction modifiers may include, for example, inorganic compounds or materials, or mixtures thereof.
  • Illustrative optional inorganic friction modifiers useful in the lubricating engine oil formulations of this disclosure include, for example, molybdenum amine, molybdenum diamine, an organotungstenate, a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum amine complexes, molybdenum carboxylates, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Similar tungsten based compounds may be preferable.
  • Optional non-ashless (ash forming) metal-containing inorganic friction modifiers may include metal salts or metal-ligand complexes where the metals may include alkali, alkaline earth, or transition group metals. Such metal -containing friction modifiers may also have low-ash characteristics. Transition metals may include Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and others.
  • Ligands may include hydrocarbyl derivative of alcohols, polyols, glycerols, partial ester glycerols, thiols, carboxylates, carbamates, thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates, phosphates, thiophosphates, dithiophosphates, amides, imides, amines, thiazoles, thiadiazoles, dithiazoles, diazoles, triazoles, and other polar molecular functional groups containing effective amounts of O, N, S, or P, individually or in combination.
  • Mo-containing compounds can be particularly effective such as for example Mo-dithiocarbamates, Mo(DTC), Mo-dithiophosphates, Mo(DTP), Mo-amines, Mo (Am), Mo-alcoholates, Mo-alcohol-amides, etc. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,627; U.S. Pat. No. 6,232,276; U.S. Pat. No. 6,153,564; U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,701; U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,878; U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,657; U.S. Pat. No. 6,010,987; U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,968; U.S.
  • Useful concentrations of optional non-ashless (ash forming) friction modifiers may range from 0.01 weight percent to 5 weight percent, or about 0.1 weight percent to about 2.5 weight percent, or about 0.1 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent, or about 0.1 weight percent to about 1 weight percent. Concentrations of molybdenum-containing materials are often described in terms of Mo metal concentration. Advantageous concentrations of Mo may range from 25 ppm to 700 ppm or more, and often with a preferred range of 50-200 ppm. Friction modifiers of all types may be used in mixtures with the ashless organic friction modifiers of this disclosure. Often mixtures of two or more friction modifiers, or mixtures of friction modifier(s) with alternate surface active material(s), are also desirable.
  • Illustrative detergents useful in the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure include, for example, alkali metal detergents, alkaline earth metal detergents, or mixtures of one or more alkali metal detergents and one or more alkaline earth metal detergents.
  • a typical detergent is an anionic material that contains a long chain hydrophobic portion of the molecule and a smaller anionic or oleophobic hydrophilic portion of the molecule.
  • the anionic portion of the detergent is typically derived from an organic acid such as a sulfur-containing acid, carboxylic acid (e.g., salicylic acid), phosphorus-containing acid, phenol, or mixtures thereof.
  • the counterion is typically an alkaline earth or alkali metal.
  • the detergent can be overbased as described herein.
  • the detergent is preferably a metal salt of an organic or inorganic acid, a metal salt of a phenol, or mixtures thereof.
  • the metal is preferably selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof.
  • the organic or inorganic acid is selected from an aliphatic organic or inorganic acid, a cycloaliphatic organic or inorganic acid, an aromatic organic or inorganic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the metal is preferably selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the metal is selected from calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and mixtures thereof.
  • the organic acid or inorganic acid is preferably selected from a sulfur-containing acid, a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus-containing acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the metal salt of an organic or inorganic acid or the metal salt of a phenol comprises calcium phenate, calcium sulfonate, calcium salicylate, magnesium phenate, magnesium sulfonate, magnesium salicylate, an overbased detergent, and mixtures thereof.
  • Salts that contain a substantially stochiometric amount of the metal are described as neutral salts and have a total base number (TBN, as measured by ASTM D2896) of from 0 to 80.
  • TBN total base number
  • Many compositions are overbased, containing large amounts of a metal base that is achieved by reacting an excess of a metal compound (a metal hydroxide or oxide, for example) with an acidic gas (such as carbon dioxide).
  • Useful detergents can be neutral, mildly overbased, or highly overbased. These detergents can be used in mixtures of neutral, overbased, highly overbased calcium salicylate, sulfonates, phenates and/or magnesium salicylate, sulfonates, phenates.
  • the TBN ranges can vary from low, medium to high TBN products, including as low as 0 to as high as 600.
  • the TBN delivered by the detergent is between 60 and 600, more preferably between 200 and 500, and even more preferably between 250 and 450.
  • Mixtures of low, medium, high TBN can be used, along with mixtures of calcium and magnesium metal based detergents, and including sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, and carboxylates.
  • a detergent mixture with a metal ratio of 1, in conjunction of a detergent with a metal ratio of 2, and as high as a detergent with a metal ratio of 5, can be used. Borated detergents can also be used.
  • Alkaline earth phenates are another useful class of detergent. These detergents can be made by reacting alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide (CaO, Ca(OH)2, BaO, Ba(OH)2, MgO, Mg(OH)2, for example) with an alkyl phenol or sulfurized alkylphenol.
  • alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide Ca(OH)2, BaO, Ba(OH)2, MgO, Mg(OH)2, for example
  • Useful alkyl groups include straight chain or branched C1-C30 alkyl groups, preferably, C4-C20 or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable phenols include isobutylphenol, 2-ethylhexylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecyl phenol, and the like.
  • starting alkylphenols may contain more than one alkyl substituent that are each independently straight chain or branched and can be used from 0.5 to 6 weight percent.
  • the sulfurized product may be obtained by methods well known in the art. These methods include heating a mixture of alkylphenol and sulfurizing agent (including elemental sulfur, sulfur halides such as sulfur dichloride, and the like) and then reacting the sulfurized phenol with an alkaline earth metal base.
  • metal salts of carboxylic acids are preferred detergents.
  • carboxylic acid detergents may be prepared by reacting a basic metal compound with at least one carboxylic acid and removing free water from the reaction product. These compounds may be overbased to produce the desired TBN level.
  • Detergents made from salicylic acid are one preferred class of detergents derived from carboxylic acids.
  • Useful salicylates include long chain alkyl salicylates.
  • One useful family of compositions is of the formula
  • R is an alkyl group having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms
  • n is an integer from 1 to 4
  • M is an alkaline earth metal.
  • Preferred R groups are alkyl chains of at least C11, preferably C13 or greater.
  • R may be optionally substituted with substituents that do not interfere with the detergent’s function.
  • M is preferably, calcium, magnesium, barium, or mixtures thereof. More preferably, M is calcium.
  • Hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids may be prepared from phenols by the Kolbe reaction (see U.S. Patent No. 3,595,791).
  • the metal salts of the hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids may be prepared by double decomposition of a metal salt in a polar solvent such as water or alcohol.
  • Alkaline earth metal phosphates are also used as detergents and are known in the art.
  • Detergents may be simple detergents or what is known as hybrid or complex detergents.
  • Preferred detergents include calcium sulfonates, magnesium sulfonates, calcium salicylates, magnesium salicylates, calcium phenates, magnesium phenates, and other related components (including borated detergents), and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred mixtures of detergents include magnesium sulfonate and calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate and calcium sulfonate, magnesium sulfonate and calcium phenate, calcium phenate and calcium salicylate, calcium phenate and calcium sulfonate, calcium phenate and magnesium salicylate, calcium phenate and magnesium phenate.
  • Overbased detergents are also preferred in terms of having a high TBN in the range of between 200 and 600.
  • a particularly preferred detergent for the lubricating oil compositions of the instant disclosure is a 350 TBN calcium salicylate.
  • a 400 TBN magnesium sulfonate, a 400 TBN calcium sulfonate, a 255 TBN calcium phenate and a 68 TBN calcium salicylate detergent have also provided advantageous performance in the lubricating oil compositions of the instant disclosure.
  • the detergent concentration in the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure can range from 0.1 to 20 wt%, or 0.2 to 15 wt%, or 0.3 to 10 wt%, or 0.4 to 8.0 wt%, or 0.5 to 6.0 wt%, or 0.8 to 4 wt%, or 1.0 to 3.0 wt%, or 1.2 to 2.5 wt%, or 1.5 to 2.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the detergent concentrations are given on an“as delivered” basis.
  • the active detergent is delivered with a process oil.
  • The“as delivered” detergent typically contains from about 20 weight percent to about 100 weight percent, or from about 40 weight percent to about 60 weight percent, of active detergent in the“as delivered” detergent product.
  • a wide range of lubricating oil base stocks can be used in conjunction with the at least one organic ashless friction modifier and the at least one over based detergent of the lubricating oils disclosed herein.
  • Such base stocks can be either derived from natural resources or synthetic, including un-refmed, refined, or re-refined oils.
  • Un-refined oil base stocks include shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation, and ester oil obtained directly from a natural source (such as plant matters and animal tissues) or directly from a chemical esterification process.
  • Refined oil base stocks are those un refined base stocks further subjected to one or more purification steps such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid extraction, base extraction, filtration, and percolation to improve the at least one lubricating oil property.
  • Re-refined oil base stocks are obtained by processes analogous to refined oils but using an oil that has been previously used as a feed stock.
  • Groups I, II, III, IV and V are broad base oil stock categories developed and defined by the American Petroleum Institute (API Publication 1509; www.API.org) to create guidelines for lubricant base oils.
  • Group I base stocks have a viscosity index of between about 80 to 120 and contain greater than about 0.03% sulfur and/or less than about 90% saturates.
  • Group II base stocks have a viscosity index of between about 80 to 120, and contain less than or equal to about 0.03% sulfur and greater than or equal to about 90% saturates.
  • Group III stocks have a viscosity index greater than about 120 and contain less than or equal to about 0.03 % sulfur and greater than about 90% saturates.
  • Group IV includes polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • Group V base stock includes base stocks not included in Groups I-IV. The table below summarizes properties of each of these five groups.
  • Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils (castor oil and lard oil, for example), and mineral oils. Animal and vegetable oils possessing favorable thermal oxidative stability can be used. Of the natural oils, mineral oils are preferred. Mineral oils vary widely as to their crude source, for example, as to whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic. Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful. Natural oils vary also as to the method used for their production and purification, for example, their distillation range and whether they are straight run or cracked, hydrorefined, or solvent extracted.
  • Group II and/or Group III hydroprocessed or hydrocracked base stocks including synthetic oils such as alkyl aromatics and synthetic esters are also well known base stock oils.
  • Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oil.
  • Hydrocarbon oils include oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-olefin copolymers, and ethylene-alphaolefm copolymers, for example).
  • Polyalphaolefm (PAO) oil base stocks are commonly used synthetic hydrocarbon oil.
  • PAOs derived from Ce, Cio, C 12, C14 olefins or mixtures thereof may be utilized. See U.S. Patent Nos. 4,956,122; 4,827,064; and 4,827,073.
  • the number average molecular weights of the PAOs typically vary from about 250 to about 3,000, although PAO’s may be made in viscosities up to about 150 cSt (100°C).
  • the PAOs are typically comprised of relatively low molecular weight hydrogenated polymers or oligomers of alphaolefms which include, but are not limited to, C2 to about C32 alphaolefms with the Cx to about Ci6 alphaolefms, such as 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and the like, being preferred.
  • the preferred polyalphaolefms are poly-1 -octene, poly-1 -decene and poly-1 -dodecene and mixtures thereof and mixed olefin-derived polyolefins.
  • the dimers of higher olefins in the range of C14 to Ci8 may be used to provide low viscosity base stocks of acceptably low volatility.
  • the PAOs may be predominantly trimers and tetramers of the starting olefins, with minor amounts of the higher oligomers, having a viscosity range of 1.5 to 12 cSt.
  • PAO fluids of particular use may include 3.0 cSt, 3.4 cSt, and/or 3.6 cSt and combinations thereof. Mixtures of PAO fluids having a viscosity range of 1.5 to approximately 150 cSt or more may be used if desired.
  • the PAO fluids may be conveniently made by the polymerization of an alphaolefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
  • a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
  • a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boro
  • wax isomerate base stocks and base oils comprising hydroisomerized waxy stocks (e.g. waxy stocks such as gas oils, slack waxes, fuels hydrocracker bohoms, etc.), hydroisomerized Fischer-Tropsch waxes, Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) base stocks and base oils, and other wax isomerate hydroisomerized base stocks and base oils, or mixtures thereof.
  • hydroisomerized waxy stocks e.g. waxy stocks such as gas oils, slack waxes, fuels hydrocracker bohoms, etc.
  • Fischer-Tropsch waxes the high boiling point residues of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, are highly paraffinic hydrocarbons with very low sulfur content.
  • the hydroprocessing used for the production of such base stocks may use an amorphous hydrocracking/hydroisomerization catalyst, such as one of the specialized lube hydrocracking (LHDC) catalysts or a crystalline hydrocracking/hydroisomerization catalyst, preferably a zeolitic catalyst.
  • an amorphous hydrocracking/hydroisomerization catalyst such as one of the specialized lube hydrocracking (LHDC) catalysts or a crystalline hydrocracking/hydroisomerization catalyst, preferably a zeolitic catalyst.
  • LHDC specialized lube hydrocracking
  • a zeolitic catalyst preferably ZSM-48 as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,075,269, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • Processes for making hydrocracked/hydroisomerized distillates and hydrocracked/hydroisomerized waxes are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) base oils, Fischer-Tropsch wax derived base oils, and other wax- derived hydroisomerized (wax isomerate) base oils be advantageously used in the instant disclosure, and may have useful kinematic viscosities at 100°C of about 3 cSt to about 50 cSt, preferably about 3 cSt to about 30 cSt, more preferably about 3.5 cSt to about 25 cSt, as exemplified by GTL 4 with kinematic viscosity of about 4.0 cSt at 100°C and a viscosity index of about 141.
  • Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) base oils may have useful pour points of about -20°C or lower, and under some conditions may have advantageous pour points of about -25°C or lower, with useful pour points of about -30°C to about -40°C or lower.
  • Useful compositions of Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) base oils, Fischer-Tropsch wax derived base oils, and wax-derived hydroisomerized base oils are recited in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,080,301; 6,090,989, and 6,165,949 for example, and are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
  • the hydrocarbyl aromatics can be used as a base oil or base oil component and can be any hydrocarbyl molecule that contains at least about 5% of its weight derived from an aromatic moiety such as a benzenoid moiety or naphthenoid moiety, or their derivatives.
  • These hydrocarbyl aromatics include alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes, alkyl diphenyl oxides, alkyl naphthols, alkyl diphenyl sulfides, alkylated bis-phenol A, alkylated thiodiphenol, and the like.
  • the aromatic can be mono-alkylated, dialkylated, polyalkylated, and the like.
  • the aromatic can be mono- or poly- functionalized.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups can also be comprised of mixtures of alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl, cycloalkyl groups, cycloalkenyl groups and other related hydrocarbyl groups.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups can range from about Ce up to about Ceo with a range of about Cx to about C20 often being preferred. A mixture of hydrocarbyl groups is often preferred, and up to about three such substituents may be present.
  • the hydrocarbyl group can optionally contain sulfur, oxygen, and/or nitrogen containing substituents.
  • the aromatic group can also be derived from natural (petroleum) sources, provided at least about 5% of the molecule is comprised of an above-type aromatic moiety.
  • Viscosities at 100°C of approximately 3 cSt to about 50 cSt are preferred, with viscosities of approximately 3.4 cSt to about 20 cSt often being more preferred for the hydrocarbyl aromatic component.
  • an alkyl naphthalene where the alkyl group is primarily comprised of 1-hexadecene is used.
  • Other alkylates of aromatics can be advantageously used.
  • Naphthalene or methyl naphthalene, for example, can be alkylated with olefins such as octene, decene, dodecene, tetradecene or higher, mixtures of similar olefins, and the like.
  • Useful concentrations of hydrocarbyl aromatic in a lubricant oil composition can be about 2% to about 25%, preferably about 4% to about 20%, and more preferably about 4% to about 15%, depending on the application.
  • Alkylated aromatics such as the hydrocarbyl aromatics of the present disclosure may be produced by well-known Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds. See Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions, Olah, G. A. (ed.), Inter-science Publishers, New York, 1963.
  • an aromatic compound such as benzene or naphthalene
  • an olefin, alkyl halide or alcohol in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. See Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions, Vol. 2, part 1, chapters 14, 17, and 18, See Olah, G. A. (ed.), Inter-science Publishers, New York, 1964.
  • catalysts are known to one skilled in the art.
  • the choice of catalyst depends on the reactivity of the starting materials and product quality requirements.
  • strong acids such as AlCb, BF3, or HF may be used.
  • milder catalysts such as FeCh or SnCU are preferred.
  • Newer alkylation technology uses zeolites or solid super acids.
  • Esters comprise a useful base stock. Additive solvency and seal compatibility characteristics may be secured by the use of esters such as the esters of dibasic acids with monoalkanols and the polyol esters of monocarboxylic acids.
  • Esters of the former type include, for example, the esters of dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc., with a variety of alcohols such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, etc.
  • dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc
  • esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n- hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, etc.
  • Particularly useful synthetic esters are those which are obtained by reacting one or more polyhydric alcohols, preferably the hindered polyols (such as the neopentyl polyols, e.g., neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, 2-methyl-2-propyl- 1,3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol) with alkanoic acids containing at least about 4 carbon atoms, preferably Cs to C30 acids such as saturated straight chain fatty acids including caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, and behenic acid, or the corresponding branched chain fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, or mixtures of any of these materials.
  • the hindered polyols such as the neopentyl polyols
  • Suitable synthetic ester components include the esters of trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, trimethylol ethane, pentaerythritol and/or dipentaerythritol with one or more monocarboxylic acids containing from about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. These esters are widely available commercially, for example, the Mobil P-41 and P-51 esters of ExxonMobil Chemical Company.
  • esters derived from renewable material such as coconut, palm, rapeseed, soy, sunflower and the like. These esters may be monoesters, di-esters, polyol esters, complex esters, or mixtures thereof. These esters are widely available commercially, for example, the Esterex NP 343 ester of ExxonMobil Chemical Company.
  • branched polyol esters comprise a useful base stock of this disclosure.
  • the branched polyol esters are obtained by reacting one or more polyhydric alcohols, preferably the hindered polyols (such as the neopentyl polyols, e.g., neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, 2-methyl-2-propyl-l, 3 -propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol) with single or mixed branched mono-carboxylic acids containing at least about 4 carbon atoms, preferably C5 to C30 branched mono-carboxylic acids including 2,2-dimethyl propionic acid (neopentanoic acid), neoheptanoic acid, neooctanoic acid, neononanoic acid, iso- hexanoic acid, neodecan
  • Particularly useful polyols include, for example, neopentyl glycol, 2,2-dimethylol butane, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, mono-pentaerythritol, technical grade pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, tri-pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and polyalkylene glycols (e.g., polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, 1 ,4-butanediol, sorbitol and the like, 2-methylpropanediol, polybutylene glycols, etc., and blends thereof such as a polymerized mixture of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol).
  • polyalkylene glycols e.g., polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, 1 ,4-butanediol, sorbi
  • the most preferred alcohols are technical grade (e.g., approximately 88% mono-, 10% di- and 1-2% tri-pentaerythritol) pentaerythritol, mono-pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol and trimethylol propane.
  • Particularly useful branched mono-carboxylic acids include, for example, 2,2-dimethyl propionic acid (neopentanoic acid), neoheptanoic acid, neooctanoic acid, neononanoic acid, iso- hexanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid (2EH), 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoic acid (TMH), isoheptanoic acid, isooctanoic acid, isononanoic acid, isodecanoic acid, or mixtures of any of these materials.
  • One especially preferred branched acid is 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoic acid.
  • the term "neo" as used herein refers to a trialkyl acetic acid, i.e., an acid which is triply substituted at the alpha carbon with alkyl groups.
  • the branched polyol ester is derived from a polyhydric alcohol and a branched mono-carboxylic acid.
  • the branched polyol ester is obtained by reacting one or more polyhydric alcohols with one or more branched mono-carboxylic acids containing at least about 4 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred branched polyol esters useful in this disclosure include, for example, mono- pentaerythritol ester of branched mono-carboxylic acids, di-pentaerythritol ester of branched mono-carboxylic acids, trimethylolpropane ester of C8-C10 acids, and the like.
  • Other synthetic esters that can be useful in this disclosure are those which are obtained by reacting one or more polyhydric alcohols, preferably the hindered polyols (such as the neopentyl polyols, e.g., neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, 2-methyl-2-propy 1-1, 3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol) with mono carboxylic acids containing at least about 4 carbon atoms, preferably branched C5 to C30 acids including caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, and behenic acid, or the corresponding branched chain fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, or mixtures of any of these materials.
  • the hindered polyols such as the neopentyl polyols,
  • ester base oils useful in this disclosure include adipate esters.
  • the dialkyl adipate ester is derived from adipic acid and a branched alkyl alcohol.
  • Mixtures of branched polyol ester base stocks with other lubricating oil base stocks may be useful in the lubricating oil formulations of this disclosure.
  • the branched polyol ester can be present in an amount of from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, or from about 5 to about 45 weight percent, or from about 10 to about 40 weight percent, or from about 15 to about 35 weight percent, or from about 20 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulated oil.
  • Engine oil formulations containing renewable esters are included in this disclosure.
  • the renewable content of the ester is typically greater than about 70 weight percent, preferably more than about 80 weight percent and most preferably more than about 90 weight percent.
  • Other useful fluids of lubricating viscosity include non-conventional or unconventional base stocks that have been processed, preferably catalytically, or synthesized to provide high performance lubrication characteristics.
  • Non-conventional or unconventional base stocks/base oils include one or more of a mixture of base stock(s) derived from one or more Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) materials, as well as isomerate/isodewaxate base stock(s) derived from natural wax or waxy feeds, mineral and or non mineral oil waxy feed stocks such as slack waxes, natural waxes, and waxy stocks such as gas oils, waxy fuels hydrocracker bottoms, waxy raffinate, hydrocrackate, thermal crackates, or other mineral, mineral oil, or even non-petroleum oil derived waxy materials such as waxy materials received from coal liquefaction or shale oil, and mixtures of such base stocks.
  • GTL Gas-to-Liquids
  • GTL materials are materials that are derived via one or more synthesis, combination, transformation, rearrangement, and/or degradation/deconstructive processes from gaseous carbon- containing compounds, hydrogen-containing compounds and/or elements as feed stocks such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propane, propylene, propyne, butane, butylenes, and butynes.
  • GTL base stocks and/or base oils are GTL materials of lubricating viscosity that are generally derived from hydrocarbons; for example, waxy synthesized hydrocarbons, that are themselves derived from simpler gaseous carbon-containing compounds, hydrogen-containing compounds and/or elements as feed stocks.
  • GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) include oils boiling in the lube oil boiling range (1) separated/fractionated from synthesized GTL materials such as, for example, by distillation and subsequently subjected to a final wax processing step which involves either or both of a catalytic dewaxing process, or a solvent dewaxing process, to produce lube oils of reduced/low pour point; (2) synthesized wax isomerates, comprising, for example, hydrodewaxed or hydroisomerized cat and/or solvent dewaxed synthesized wax or waxy hydrocarbons; (3) hydrodewaxed or hydroisomerized cat and/or solvent dewaxed Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) material (i.e., hydrocarbons, waxy hydrocarbons, waxes and possible analogous oxygenates); preferably hydrodewaxed or hydroisomerized/followed by cat and/or solvent dewaxing dewaxed F-T waxy hydrocarbons, or hydrodewaxed
  • GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) derived from GTL materials are characterized typically as having kinematic viscosities at 100°C of from about 2 mm 2 /s to about 50 mm 2 /s (ASTM D445). They are further characterized typically as having pour points of -5°C to about -40°C or lower (ASTM D97). They are also characterized typically as having viscosity indices of about 80 to about 140 or greater (ASTM D2270).
  • GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) are typically highly paraffinic (>90% saturates), and may contain mixtures of monocycloparaffms and multicycloparaffins in combination with non-cyclic isoparaffins.
  • the ratio of the naphthenic (i.e., cycloparaffm) content in such combinations varies with the catalyst and temperature used.
  • GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) typically have very low sulfur and nitrogen content, generally containing less than about 10 ppm, and more typically less than about 5 ppm of each of these elements.
  • the sulfur and nitrogen content of GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) obtained from F-T material, especially F-T wax, is essentially nil.
  • the absence of phosphorus and aromatics make this materially especially suitable for the formulation of low SAP products.
  • GTL base stock and/or base oil and/or wax isomerate base stock and/or base oil is to be understood as embracing individual fractions of such materials of wide viscosity range as recovered in the production process, mixtures of two or more of such fractions, as well as mixtures of one or two or more low viscosity fractions with one, two or more higher viscosity fractions to produce a blend wherein the blend exhibits a target kinematic viscosity.
  • the GTL material, from which the GTL base stock(s) and/or base oil(s) is/are derived is preferably an F-T material (i.e., hydrocarbons, waxy hydrocarbons, wax).
  • Base oils for use in the formulated lubricating oils useful in the present disclosure are any of the variety of oils corresponding to API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and mixtures thereof, preferably API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and mixtures thereof, more preferably the Group III to Group V base oils due to their exceptional volatility, stability, viscometric and cleanliness features.
  • Minor quantities of Group I stock, such as the amount used to dilute additives for blending into formulated lube oil products, can be tolerated but should be kept to a minimum, i.e. amounts only associated with their use as diluent/carrier oil for additives used on an“as-received” basis.
  • Group II stock be in the higher quality range associated with that stock, i.e. a Group II stock having a viscosity index in the range 100 ⁇ VI ⁇ 120.
  • Groups II and III base stocks can be included in the lubricating oil formulations of this disclosure, but preferably only those with high quality, e.g., those having a VI from 100 to 120.
  • Group IV and V base stocks preferably those of high quality, are desirably included into the lubricating oil formulations of this disclosure.
  • the base oil or base stock constitutes the major component or major amount of the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure and typically is present in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 99 weight percent, or about 7 to about 95 weight percent, or about 10 to about 90 weight percent, or about 20 to about 80 weight percent, preferably from about 70 to about 95 weight percent, and more preferably from about 85 to about 95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the base oil or base stock may be selected from any of the synthetic or natural oils typically used as crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited engines.
  • the base oil or base stock conveniently has a kinematic viscosity, according to ASTM standards, of about 2.5 cSt to about 12 cSt (or mm 2 /s) at 100°C and preferably of about 2.5 cSt to about 9 cSt (or mm 2 /s) at 100° C.
  • Mixtures of synthetic and natural base oils may be used if desired.
  • Bi-modal mixtures of Group I, II, III, IV, and/or V base stocks may be used if desired.
  • a second base stock or co base stock may be also optionally incorporated into the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 80 weight percent, or about 10 to about 60 weight percent, or about 15 to about 50 weight percent, or about 20 to about 40 weight percent, or from about 25 to about 35 weight percent.
  • the lubricating oil compositions (preferably lubricating oil formulations) of this disclosure may additionally contain one or more of the commonly used other lubricating oil performance additives including but not limited to dispersants, viscosity modifiers, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, metal deactivators, extreme pressure additives, anti seizure agents, wax modifiers, fluid-loss additives, seal compatibility agents, lubricity agents, anti staining agents, chromophoric agents, defoamants, demulsifiers, densifiers, wetting agents, gelling agents, tackiness agents, colorants, and others.
  • dispersants including but not limited to dispersants, viscosity modifiers, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, metal deactivators, extreme pressure additives, anti seizure agents, wax modifiers, fluid-loss additives, seal compatibility agents, lubricity agents, anti staining agents, chromophoric agents, defoamants, demul
  • Viscosity modifiers provide lubricants with high and low temperature operability. These additives impart shear stability at elevated temperatures and acceptable viscosity at low temperatures.
  • Non-limiting exemplary viscosity modifiers for the inventive lubricating oils are as follows: high molecular weight hydrocarbons, polyesters and viscosity modifier dispersants that function as both a viscosity modifier and a dispersant. Typical molecular weights of these polymers are between about 10,000 to 1,500,000, more typically about 20,000 to 1,200,000, and even more typically between about 50,000 and 1,000,000.
  • suitable viscosity modifiers are linear or star-shaped polymers and copolymers of methacrylate, butadiene, olefins, or alkylated styrenes.
  • Polyisobutylene is a commonly used viscosity modifier.
  • Another suitable viscosity modifier is polymethacrylate (copolymers of various chain length alkyl methacrylates, for example), some formulations of which also serve as pour point depressants.
  • Other suitable viscosity modifiers include copolymers of ethylene and propylene, hydrogenated block copolymers of styrene and isoprene, and polyacrylates (copolymers of various chain length acrylates, for example). Specific examples include styrene-isoprene or styrene-butadiene based polymers of 50,000 to 200,000 molecular weight.
  • Olefin copolymers are commercially available from Chevron Oronite Company LLC under the trade designation“PARATONE®” (such as“PARATONE® 8921” and“PARATONE® 8941”); from Afton Chemical Corporation under the trade designation“HiTEC®” (such as “HiTEC® 5850B”; and from The Lubrizol Corporation under the trade designation“Lubrizol® 7067C”.
  • Hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymers are commercially available from Infineum International Limited, e.g., under the trade designation“SV200” and“SV600”
  • Hydrogenated diene-styrene block copolymers are commercially available from Infineum International Limited, e.g., under the trade designation“SV 50”.
  • the polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers can be linear polymers which are available from Evonik Industries under the trade designation“Viscoplex®” (e.g., Viscoplex 6-954) or star polymers which are available from Lubrizol Corporation under the trade designation AstericTM (e.g., Lubrizol 87708 and Lubrizol 87725).
  • Viscoplex® e.g., Viscoplex 6-954
  • AstericTM e.g., Lubrizol 87708 and Lubrizol 87725.
  • Illustrative vinyl aromatic-containing polymers as viscosity modifiers useful in this disclosure may be derived predominantly from vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer.
  • Illustrative vinyl aromatic-containing copolymers useful in this disclosure may be represented by the following general formula:
  • A is a polymeric block derived predominantly from vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer
  • B is a polymeric block derived predominantly from conjugated diene monomer
  • the at least one viscosity modifier may be used in an amount of less than about 20 weight percent, or less than about 15 weight percent, or less than about 10 weight percent, or less than about 7 weight percent, or less than about 5 weight percent, and in certain instances, may be used at less than 2 weight percent, or less than about 1 weight percent, or less than about 0.5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the formulated oil or lubricating engine oil.
  • the preferred range for the at least one viscosity modifier is from 5 to 20 wt% of the formulated oil.
  • Viscosity modifiers are typically added as concentrates, in large amounts of diluent oil.
  • the viscosity modifier concentrations are given on an“as delivered” basis.
  • the active polymer is delivered with a diluent oil.
  • The“as delivered” viscosity modifier typically contains from 20 weight percent to 75 weight percent of an active polymer for polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymers, or from 8 weight percent to 20 weight percent of an active polymer for olefin copolymers, hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymers, or hydrogenated diene-styrene block copolymers, in the“as delivered” polymer concentrate.
  • a metal alkylthiophosphate and more particularly a metal dialkyl dithio phosphate in which the metal constituent is zinc, or zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate can be a useful component of the lubricating oils of this disclosure.
  • ZDDP can be derived from primary alcohols, secondary alcohols or mixtures thereof.
  • ZDDP compounds generally are of the formula
  • R 1 and R 2 are C1-C18 alkyl groups, preferably C2-C12 alkyl groups. These alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched.
  • Alcohols used in the ZDDP can be 2-propanol, butanol, secondary butanol, pentanols, hexanols such as 4-methyl-2-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, alkylated phenols, and the like. Mixtures of secondary alcohols or of primary and secondary alcohol can be preferred. Alkyl aryl groups may also be used.
  • Preferable zinc dithiophosphates which are commercially available include secondary zinc dithiophosphates such as those available from for example, The Lubrizol Corporation under the trade designations“L Z 677A”,“L Z 1095” and“L Z 1371”, from for example Chevron Oronite under the trade designation“OLOA 262” and from for example Afton Chemical under the trade designation“HITEC 7169”.
  • the ZDDP is typically used in amounts of from about 0.4 weight percent to about 1.2 weight percent, preferably from about 0.5 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent, and more preferably from about 0.6 weight percent to about 0.8 weight percent, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil, although more or less can often be used advantageously.
  • the ZDDP is a secondary ZDDP and present in an amount of from about 0.6 to 1.0 weight percent of the total weight of the lubricating oil.
  • Low phosphorus engine oil formulations are included in this disclosure.
  • the phosphorus content is typically less than about 0.12 weight percent preferably less than about 0.10 weight percent and most preferably less than about 0.085 weight percent.
  • Dispersants help keep these byproducts in solution, thus diminishing their deposition on metal surfaces.
  • Dispersants used in the formulation of the lubricating oil may be ashless or ash-forming in nature.
  • the dispersant is ashless.
  • So called ashless dispersants are organic materials that form substantially no ash upon combustion.
  • non-metal-containing or borated metal-free dispersants are considered ashless.
  • metal-containing detergents discussed herein form ash upon combustion.
  • Suitable dispersants typically contain a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain.
  • the polar group typically contains at least one element of nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus.
  • Typical hydrocarbon chains contain 50 to 400 carbon atoms.
  • a particularly useful class of dispersants are the (poly)alkenylsuccinic derivatives, typically produced by the reaction of a long chain hydrocarbyl substituted succinic compound, usually a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride, with a polyhydroxy or polyamino compound.
  • the long chain hydrocarbyl group constituting the oleophilic portion of the molecule which confers solubility in the oil, is normally a polyisobutylene group.
  • Many examples of this type of dispersant are well known commercially and in the literature. Exemplary U.S. patents describing such dispersants are U.S. Patent Nos.
  • hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid and hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride derivatives are useful dispersants.
  • succinimide, succinate esters, or succinate ester amides prepared by the reaction of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid compound preferably having at least 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon substituent, with at least one equivalent of an alkylene amine are particularly useful.
  • Succinimides are formed by the condensation reaction between hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides and amines. Molar ratios can vary depending on the polyamine. For example, the molar ratio of hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride to TEPA can vary from about 1: 1 to about 5: E Representative examples are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,087,936; 3,172,892; 3,219,666; 3,272,746; 3,322,670; and 3,652,616, 3,948,800; and Canada Patent No. 1,094,044.
  • Succinate esters are formed by the condensation reaction between hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides and alcohols or polyols. Molar ratios can vary depending on the alcohol or polyol used. For example, the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride and pentaerythritol is a useful dispersant.
  • Succinate ester amides are formed by condensation reaction between hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides and alkanol amines.
  • suitable alkanol amines include ethoxylated polyalkylpolyamines, propoxylated polyalkylpolyamines and polyalkenylpolyamines such as polyethylene polyamines.
  • propoxylated hexamethylenediamine Representative examples are shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,426,305.
  • the molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides used in the preceding paragraphs will typically range between 800 and 2,500 or more.
  • the above products can be post-reacted with various reagents such as sulfur, oxygen, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids such as oleic acid.
  • the above products can also be post reacted with boron compounds such as boric acid, borate esters or highly borated dispersants, to form borated dispersants generally having from about 0.1 to about 5 moles of boron per mole of dispersant reaction product.
  • Mannich base dispersants are made from the reaction of alkylphenols, formaldehyde, and amines. See U.S. Patent No. 4,767,551, which is incorporated herein by reference. Process aids and catalysts, such as oleic acid and sulfonic acids, can also be part of the reaction mixture. Molecular weights of the alkylphenols range from 800 to 2,500. Representative examples are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,697,574; 3,703,536; 3,704,308; 3,751,365; 3,756,953; 3,798,165; and 3,803,039.
  • Typical high molecular weight aliphatic acid modified Mannich condensation products useful in this disclosure can be prepared from high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatics or HNR2 group-containing reactants.
  • Hydrocarbyl substituted amine ashless dispersant additives are well known to one skilled in the art; see, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,275,554; 3,438,757; 3,565,804; 3,755,433, 3,822,209, and 5,084,197.
  • Preferred dispersants include borated and non-borated succinimides, including those derivatives from mono-succinimides, bis-succinimides, and/or mixtures of mono- and bis- succinimides, wherein the hydrocarbyl succinimide is derived from a hydrocarbylene group such as polyisobutylene having a Mn of from about 500 to about 5000, or from about 1000 to about 3000, or about 1000 to about 2000, or a mixture of such hydrocarbylene groups, often with high terminal vinylic groups.
  • Other preferred dispersants include succinic acid-esters and amides, alkylphenol-polyamine-coupled Mannich adducts, their capped derivatives, and other related components.
  • Polymethacrylate or polyacrylate derivatives are another class of dispersants. These dispersants are typically prepared by reacting a nitrogen containing monomer and a methacrylic or acrylic acid esters containing 5 -25 carbon atoms in the ester group. Representative examples are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 2, 100, 993, and 6,323,164. Polymethacrylate and polyacrylate dispersants are normally used as multifunctional viscosity modifiers. The lower molecular weight versions can be used as lubricant dispersants or fuel detergents.
  • Illustrative preferred dispersants useful in this disclosure include those derived from polyalkenyl-substituted mono- or dicarboxylic acid, anhydride or ester, which dispersant has a polyalkenyl moiety with a number average molecular weight of at least 900 and from greater than 1.3 to 1.7, preferably from greater than 1.3 to 1.6, most preferably from greater than 1.3 to 1.5, functional groups (mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties) per polyalkenyl moiety (a medium functionality dispersant).
  • Functionality (F) can be determined according to the following formula:
  • SAP is the saponification number (i.e., the number of milligrams of KOH consumed in the complete neutralization of the acid groups in one gram of the succinic-containing reaction product, as determined according to ASTM D94); M n is the number average molecular weight of the starting olefin polymer; and A.I. is the percent active ingredient of the succinic-containing reaction product (the remainder being unreacted olefin polymer, succinic anhydride and diluent).
  • the polyalkenyl moiety of the dispersant may have a number average molecular weight of at least 900, suitably at least 1500, preferably between 1800 and 3000, such as between 2000 and 2800, more preferably from about 2100 to 2500, and most preferably from about 2200 to about 2400.
  • the molecular weight of a dispersant is generally expressed in terms of the molecular weight of the polyalkenyl moiety. This is because the precise molecular weight range of the dispersant depends on numerous parameters including the type of polymer used to derive the dispersant, the number of functional groups, and the type of nucleophilic group employed.
  • Polymer molecular weight can be determined by various known techniques.
  • One convenient method is gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which additionally provides molecular weight distribution information (see W. W. Yau, J. J. Kirkland and D. D. Bly, "Modem Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • Another useful method for determining molecular weight, particularly for lower molecular weight polymers is vapor pressure osmometry (e.g., ASTM D3592).
  • the polyalkenyl moiety in a dispersant preferably has a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD), also referred to as polydispersity, as determined by the ratio of weight average molecular weight (M w ) to number average molecular weight (M n ).
  • MWD molecular weight distribution
  • M w weight average molecular weight
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • Suitable polymers have a polydispersity of from about 1.5 to 2.1, preferably from about 1.6 to about 1.8.
  • Suitable polyalkenes employed in the formation of the dispersants include homopolymers, interpolymers or lower molecular weight hydrocarbons.
  • such polymers comprise interpolymers of ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin of the above formula, wherein R 1 is alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably is alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably still of from 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
  • polymers prepared by cationic polymerization of monomers such as isobutene and styrene Common polymers from this class include poly isobutenes obtained by polymerization of a C4 refinery stream having a butene content of 35 to 75% by wt, and an isobutene content of 30 to 60% by wt.
  • a preferred source of monomer for making poly-n-butenes is petroleum feedstreams such as Raffinate II. These feedstocks are disclosed in the art such as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,952,739.
  • a preferred embodiment utilizes polyisobutylene prepared from a pure isobutylene stream or a Raffinate I stream to prepare reactive isobutylene polymers with terminal vinylidene olefins.
  • Polyisobutene polymers that may be employed are generally based on a polymer chain of from 1500 to 3000.
  • the dispersant(s) are preferably non-polymeric (e.g., mono- or bis-succinimides). Such dispersants can be prepared by conventional processes such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0020950, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the dispersant(s) can be borated by conventional means, as generally disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,087,936, 3,254,025 and 5,430,105.
  • Such dispersants may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 20 weight percent or 0.01 to 10 weight percent, preferably about 0.5 to 8 weight percent, or more preferably 0.5 to 4 weight percent. Or such dispersants may be used in an amount of about 2 to 12 weight percent, preferably about 4 to 10 weight percent, or more preferably 6 to 9 weight percent. On an active ingredient basis, such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.06 to 14 weight percent, preferably about 0.3 to 6 weight percent.
  • the hydrocarbon portion of the dispersant atoms can range from C60 to Cioo, or from C70 to C300, or from C70 to C200. These dispersants may contain both neutral and basic nitrogen, and mixtures of both.
  • Dispersants can be end-capped by borates and/or cyclic carbonates.
  • Nitrogen content in the finished oil can vary from about 200 ppm by weight to about 2000 ppm by weight, preferably from about 200 ppm by weight to about 1200 ppm by weight.
  • Basic nitrogen can vary from about 100 ppm by weight to about 1000 ppm by weight, preferably from about 100 ppm by weight to about 600 ppm by weight.
  • the dispersant concentrations are given on an“as delivered” basis.
  • the active dispersant is delivered with a process oil.
  • The“as delivered” dispersant typically contains from about 20 weight percent to about 80 weight percent, or from about 40 weight percent to about 60 weight percent, of active dispersant in the“as delivered” dispersant product.
  • Antioxidants retard the oxidative degradation of base oils during service. Such degradation may result in deposits on metal surfaces, the presence of sludge, or a viscosity increase in the lubricant.
  • One skilled in the art knows a wide variety of oxidation inhibitors that are useful in lubricating oil compositions. See, Klamann in Lubricants and Related Products, op cite, and U.S. Patent Nos. 4,798,684 and 5,084,197, for example.
  • Useful antioxidants include hindered phenols. These phenolic antioxidants may be ashless (metal-free) phenolic compounds or neutral or basic metal salts of certain phenolic compounds. Typical phenolic antioxidant compounds are the hindered phenolics which are the ones which contain a sterically hindered hydroxyl group, and these include those derivatives of dihydroxy aryl compounds in which the hydroxyl groups are in the o- or p-position to each other. Typical phenolic antioxidants include the hindered phenols substituted with C6+ alkyl groups and the alkylene coupled derivatives of these hindered phenols.
  • phenolic materials of this type 2-t-butyl-4-heptyl phenol; 2-t-butyl-4-octyl phenol; 2-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol; 2,6-di-t- butyl-4-heptyl phenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol; 2-methyl-6-t-butyl-4-heptyl phenol; and 2-methyl-6-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol.
  • Other useful hindered mono-phenolic antioxidants may include for example hindered 2,6-di-alkyl-phenolic proprionic ester derivatives.
  • Bis-phenolic antioxidants may also be advantageously used in combination with the instant disclosure.
  • ortho-coupled phenols include: 2,2’-bis(4-heptyl-6-t-butyl-phenol); 2,2’-bis(4-octyl- 6-t-butyl-phenol); and 2,2’-bis(4-dodecyl-6-t-buty 1-phenol).
  • Para-coupled bisphenols include for example 4,4’-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol) and 4,4’-methylene-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol).
  • catalytic antioxidants comprise an effective amount of a) one or more oil soluble polymetal organic compounds; and, effective amounts of b) one or more substituted N,N'-diaryl-o-phenylenediamine compounds or c) one or more hindered phenol compounds; or a combination of both b) and c).
  • Catalytic antioxidants are more fully described in U.S. Patent No. 8, 048,833, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Non-phenolic oxidation inhibitors which may be used include aromatic amine antioxidants and these may be used either as such or in combination with phenolics.
  • Typical examples of non-phenolic antioxidants include: alkylated and non-alkylated aromatic amines such as aromatic monoamines of the formula R 8 R 9 R 10 N where R 8 is an aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic group, R 9 is an aromatic or a substituted aromatic group, and R 10 is H, alkyl, aryl or R n S(0)xR 12 where R 11 is an alkylene, alkenylene, or aralkylene group, R 12 is a higher alkyl group, or an alkenyl, aryl, or alkaryl group, and x is 0, 1 or 2.
  • the aliphatic group R 8 may contain from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and preferably contains from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic group is a saturated aliphatic group.
  • both R 8 and R 9 are aromatic or substituted aromatic groups, and the aromatic group may be a fused ring aromatic group such as naphthyl.
  • Aromatic groups R 8 and R 9 may be joined together with other groups such as S.
  • Typical aromatic amines antioxidants have alkyl substituent groups of at least about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of aliphatic groups include hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Generally, the aliphatic groups will not contain more than about 14 carbon atoms.
  • the general types of amine antioxidants useful in the present compositions include diphenylamines, phenyl naphthylamines, phenothiazines, imidodibenzyls and diphenyl phenylene diamines. Mixtures of two or more aromatic amines are also useful. Polymeric amine antioxidants can also be used.
  • aromatic amine antioxidants useful in the present disclosure include: p,p’- dioctyldiphenylamine; t-octylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; phenyl-alphanaphthylamine; and p-octylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.
  • Sulfurized alkyl phenols and alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof also are useful antioxidants.
  • Preferred antioxidants include hindered phenols, arylamines. These antioxidants may be used individually by type or in combination with one another. Such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 5 weight percent, preferably about 0.01 to 1.5 weight percent, more preferably zero to less than 1.5 weight percent, more preferably zero to less than 1 weight percent. Pour Point Depressants (PPDsl)
  • pour point depressants also known as lube oil flow improvers
  • pour point depressants may be added to lubricating compositions of the present disclosure to lower the minimum temperature at which the fluid will flow or can be poured.
  • suitable pour point depressants include polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, condensation products of haloparaffm waxes and aromatic compounds, vinyl carboxylate polymers, and terpolymers of dialkylfumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids and allyl vinyl ethers.
  • 1,815,022; 2,015,748; 2,191,498; 2,387,501; 2,655, 479; 2,666,746; 2,721,877; 2,721,878; and 3,250,715 describe useful pour point depressants and/or the preparation thereof.
  • Such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 5 weight percent, preferably about 0.01 to 1.5 weight percent.
  • Seal compatibility agents help to swell elastomeric seals by causing a chemical reaction in the fluid or physical change in the elastomer.
  • Suitable seal compatibility agents for lubricating oils include organic phosphates, aromatic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters (butylbenzyl phthalate, for example), and polybutenyl succinic anhydride. Such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 3 weight percent, preferably about 0.01 to 2 weight percent.
  • Anti-foam agents may advantageously be added to lubricant compositions. These agents retard the formation of stable foams. Silicones and organic polymers are typical anti-foam agents. For example, polysiloxanes, such as silicon oil or poly dimethyl siloxane, provide antifoam properties. Anti-foam agents are commercially available and may be used in conventional minor amounts along with other additives such as demulsifiers; usually the amount of these additives combined is less than 1 weight percent and often less than 0.1 weight percent.
  • Antirust additives are additives that protect lubricated metal surfaces against chemical attack by water or other contaminants. A wide variety of these are commercially available.
  • antirust additive is a polar compound that wets the metal surface preferentially, protecting it with a film of oil.
  • Another type of antirust additive absorbs water by incorporating it in a water-in-oil emulsion so that only the oil touches the metal surface.
  • Yet another type of antirust additive chemically adheres to the metal to produce a non-reactive surface.
  • suitable additives include zinc dithiophosphates, metal phenolates, basic metal sulfonates, fatty acids and amines. Such additives may be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 5 weight percent, preferably about 0.01 to 1.5 weight percent.
  • Typical amounts of such additives useful in the present disclosure are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the weight amounts in the table below, as well as other amounts mentioned herein, are directed to the amount of active ingredient (that is the non-diluent portion of the ingredient).
  • the weight percent (wt%) indicated below is based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Anti-foam Agent 0.001-3 0.001-0.15
  • additives are all commercially available materials. These additives may be added independently but are usually precombined in packages which can be obtained from suppliers of lubricant oil additives. Additive packages with a variety of ingredients, proportions and characteristics are available and selection of the appropriate package will take the requisite use of the ultimate composition into account.
  • thermo oxidation engine oil simulation testing (TEOST 33C-SAE 932837 and SAE 962039).
  • Deposit resistance formation of the lubricating oils was compared using a thermo oxidation engine oil simulation test (TEOST 33C) measured by ASTM D6335.
  • TEOST 33C thermo oxidation engine oil simulation test
  • a good result in the TEOST test is defined as less than 80 mg, or less than 60 mg, or less than 40 mg, or less than 30 mg, or less than 20 mg, or less than 10 mg.
  • TEOST 33C performance results correlates directly with high temperature deposit resistance and engine cleanliness for a lubricating oil. Hence, the lower the TEOST 33C total deposits in milligrams, the cleaner the internal engine components of an internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein.
  • Table 2 below compares physical properties of the various Group I to Group V base stocks used in the comparative and inventive lubricating oils of the instant disclosure.
  • Figure 1 shows deposit results for partial lubricating oil compositions (no pour point depressant, no antifoam agent, no viscosity modifier or other lubricating oil additives) in order to assess the impact of base stock type, ashless organic friction modifier and overbased detergent on cleanliness performance.
  • the partial lubricating oil compositions of Figure 1 include both comparative examples and inventive examples in order to determine the impact of the ashless organic friction modifier (mixed mono (47%), di (33%) and tri (20%) fatty acids using saturated Cl 6 and Cl 8 alkyl chains) in each of the inventive examples on the high temperature cleanliness performance as measured by the TEOST 33C deposit test.
  • Each of the inventive lubricating oil compositions of Figure 1 also included a high TBN (350 TBN) calcium salicylate detergent at 2 wt.%.
  • TBN 350 TBN
  • Five different base stocks were evaluated in the examples of Figure 1 including a Group I - 100 Neutral, a 4.5 cSt Group II, a 4 cSt Group III GTL, a 4 cSt Group IV PAO, and a Group V di-isononyl phthalate ester.
  • Figure 2 shows deposit results for partial lubricating oil compositions (no pour point depressant, no antifoam agent, no viscosity modifier or other lubricating oil additives) in order to assess the impact of overbased detergent type in combination with ashless organic friction modifier on cleanliness performance.
  • the base stock used for all of the partial formulations was 4 cSt PAO.
  • the five overbased detergents evaluated in Figure 2 included 350 TBN calcium salicylate, 400 TBN magnesium sulfonate, 400 TBN calcium sulfonate, 255 TBN calcium phenate, and 68 TBN calcium salicylate.
  • the improvement in deposit resistance for the inventive examples of Figure 2 ranged from 17 to 80% lower than comparable comparative examples not including the combination of the ashless organic friction modifier and the overbased detergent. Hence, the improvement in deposit resistance and cleanliness performance was seen across all five types of overbased detergents tested.
  • Figure 3 shows deposit results for partial lubricating oil compositions (no pour point depressant, no antifoam agent, no viscosity modifier or other lubricating oil additives) in order to assess the impact of ashless organic friction modifier type in combination with a 350 TBN calcium salicylate detergent on cleanliness performance.
  • the base stock used for all of the partial formulations was 4 cSt PAO.
  • the nine different ashless organic friction modifiers evaluated in Figure 3 included mixed mono- (47%), di-(33%) and tri-(20%) fatty acids using saturated C16 and Cl 8 alkyl chains, glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleate, propylene glycol stearyl ether, poly- hydroxylcarboxylic acid esters of poly alky lene oxide modified polyols, n-tallow 1,3 diaminopropane, oleic acid, oleyl amide, and polymeric organic friction modifier containing PIBSA, glycerol and oligomerized ethylene oxide.
  • the composition of the glycerol mono-, di-and tri-mixed oleate utilized was determined by GC-MS analysis with the analysis results indicated in the Table 3 below, which shows that it is mainly glycerol dioleate.
  • the improvement in deposit resistance for the inventive examples of Figure 3 ranged from 14 to 88% lower than comparable comparative examples not including the combination of the ashless organic friction modifier and the overbased detergent. Hence, the improvement in deposit resistance and cleanliness performance was seen across all nine types of ashless organic friction modifiers tested.
  • Figure 4 (tabular form) and Figure 5 (graphical form) show deposit results for partial lubricating oil compositions (no pour point depressant, no antifoam agent, no viscosity modifier or other lubricating oil additives) in order to assess the impact of ashless organic friction modifier loading level or concentration on cleanliness performance.
  • the ashless organic friction modifier evaluated was a mixed mono- (47%), di-(33%) and tri-(20%) fatty acids using saturated C16 and Cl 8 alkyl chains across a loading range in the partial formulation of 0 to 1 wt.%.
  • the detergent used was 350 TBN calcium salicylate detergent at 2 wt.%.
  • the base stock used for all of the partial formulations was 4 cSt PAO.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising:
  • a lubricating oil base stock at from 20 to 95 wt% of the composition, at least one ashless organic friction modifier at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, at least one overbased detergent at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, and wherein the remainder of the lubricating oil composition includes one or more other lubricating oil additives;
  • the at least one ashless organic friction modifier is selected from the group consisting of
  • a and B are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl; wherein A, B and C are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, a C2-C24 alkenyl, a C1-C24 alkylcarbonyl, and a C1-C24 alkenylcarbonyl;
  • a B wherein A is a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl and B is O, an amino, a C1-C8 alkylamino or a C1-C8 dialkylamino;
  • deposit resistance as measured by TEOST 33C total deposits is at least 20% lower than the deposit resistance for a comparable lubricating oil composition not including the combination of the at least one ashless organic friction modifier and the at least one overbased detergent.
  • composition of clause 1, wherein the lubricating oil base stock is selected from the from the group consisting of a Group I base stock, a Group II base stock, a Group III base stock, a Group IV base stock, a Group V base stock and combinations thereof.
  • composition of clauses 1-3 wherein the lubricating oil base stock is selected from the group consisting of a 100N Group I base stock, a 4.5 cSt Group II base stock, a 4 cSt gas to liquids (GTL) base stock, a 4 cSt polyalphaolefm (PAO) base stock, a di-isononyl phthalate ester base stock and combinations thereof.
  • the lubricating oil base stock is selected from the group consisting of a 100N Group I base stock, a 4.5 cSt Group II base stock, a 4 cSt gas to liquids (GTL) base stock, a 4 cSt polyalphaolefm (PAO) base stock, a di-isononyl phthalate ester base stock and combinations thereof.
  • composition of clauses 1-4, wherein the at least one overbased detergent is metal containing detergent including sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, carboxylates and combinations thereof and having a Total Base Number (TBN) ranging between 60 and 600.
  • TBN Total Base Number
  • composition of clause 5, wherein the at least one overbased detergent is selected from the group consisting of 350 TBN calcium salicylate, 400 TBN magnesium sulfonate, 400 TBN calcium sulfonate, 255 TBN calcium phenate, 68 TBN calcium salicylate and combinations thereof.
  • TEOST 33C total deposits (ASTM D6335) is less than or equal to 75 mg.
  • composition of clauses 1-9 wherein the one or more other lubricating oil additives are selected from the group consisting of an anti-wear additive, viscosity index improver, antioxidant, dispersant, pour point depressant, corrosion inhibitor, metal deactivator, seal compatibility additive, anti-foam agent, inhibitor, anti-rust additive, and ash forming metal containing friction modifier.
  • the one or more other lubricating oil additives range from 1 to 10 wt% of the lubricating oil composition and include a combination of a PIBSA/PAM dispersant, a C3/C6 secondary ZDDP antiwear additive, and a diphenylamine antioxidant.
  • composition of clauses 1-12, wherein lubricating oil composition is an SAE viscosity grade selected from the group consisting of 0W-30, 5W-30, 0W-20, 5W-20, OW-16, 5W- 16, OW-12, 5W-12, 0W-8, and 5W-8.
  • a method for improving the high temperature deposit resistance of a lubricating oil composition for use in lubricating a mechanical component comprising:
  • the lubricating oil composition comprises: a lubricating oil base stock at from 20 to 95 wt% of the composition, at least one ashless organic friction modifier at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, at least one overbased detergent at from 0.1 to 20 wt% of the composition, and wherein the remainder of the lubricating oil composition includes one or more other lubricating oil additives;
  • the at least one ashless organic friction modifier is selected from the group consisting of
  • a and B are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl; wherein A, B and C are each independently H, a C1-C24 alkyl, a C2-C24 alkenyl, a C1-C24 alkylcarbonyl, and a C1-C24 alkenylcarbonyl;
  • a B wherein A is a C1-C24 alkyl, or a C2-C24 alkenyl and B is O, an amino, a C1-C8 alkylamino or a C1-C8 dialkylamino;

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'huile lubrifiante et un procédé d'utilisation d'une telle composition qui assure une résistance améliorée au dépôt à haute température. La composition comprend une huile de base d'huile lubrifiante à hauteur de 20 à 95 % en poids de la composition, au moins un modificateur de frottement organique sans cendres à hauteur de 0,1 à 20 % en poids de la composition, et au moins un détergent surbasique à hauteur de 0,1 à 20 % en poids de la composition. Le reste de la composition comprend un ou plusieurs autres additifs d'huile lubrifiante La résistance au dépôt de la composition d'huile lubrifiante telle que mesurée par dépôts totaux TEOST 33C est d'au moins 20 % inférieure à la résistance au dépôt pour une composition d'huile lubrifiante comparable ne comprenant pas la combinaison du au moins modificateur de frottement organique sans cendres et du au moins détergent surbasique.
PCT/US2019/060811 2018-11-28 2019-11-12 Compositions d'huile lubrifiante présentant une résistance au dépôt améliorée et procédés associés WO2020112338A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201862772360P 2018-11-28 2018-11-28
US62/772,360 2018-11-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020112338A1 true WO2020112338A1 (fr) 2020-06-04

Family

ID=68848371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2019/060811 WO2020112338A1 (fr) 2018-11-28 2019-11-12 Compositions d'huile lubrifiante présentant une résistance au dépôt améliorée et procédés associés

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20200165537A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020112338A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11697782B2 (en) * 2020-07-09 2023-07-11 ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company Engine oil lubricant compositions and methods for making same with superior engine wear protection and corrosion protection
US11807827B2 (en) * 2022-01-18 2023-11-07 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating compositions for reduced high temperature deposits

Citations (112)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1815022A (en) 1930-05-03 1931-07-14 Standard Oil Dev Co Hydrocarbon oil and process for manufacturing the same
US2015748A (en) 1933-06-30 1935-10-01 Standard Oil Dev Co Method for producing pour inhibitors
US2100993A (en) 1934-12-14 1937-11-30 Rohm & Haas Process for preparing esters and products
US2191498A (en) 1935-11-27 1940-02-27 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Mineral oil composition and method of making
US2387501A (en) 1944-04-04 1945-10-23 Du Pont Hydrocarbon oil
US2655479A (en) 1949-01-03 1953-10-13 Standard Oil Dev Co Polyester pour depressants
US2666746A (en) 1952-08-11 1954-01-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating oil composition
US2721878A (en) 1951-08-18 1955-10-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Strong acid as a polymerization modifier in the production of liquid polymers
US2721877A (en) 1951-08-22 1955-10-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil additives and a process for their preparation
US2817693A (en) 1954-03-29 1957-12-24 Shell Dev Production of oils from waxes
US3036003A (en) 1957-08-07 1962-05-22 Sinclair Research Inc Lubricating oil composition
US3087936A (en) 1961-08-18 1963-04-30 Lubrizol Corp Reaction product of an aliphatic olefinpolymer-succinic acid producing compound with an amine and reacting the resulting product with a boron compound
US3172892A (en) 1959-03-30 1965-03-09 Reaction product of high molecular weight succinic acids and succinic anhydrides with an ethylene poly- amine
US3200107A (en) 1961-06-12 1965-08-10 Lubrizol Corp Process for preparing acylated amine-cs2 compositions and products
US3215707A (en) 1960-06-07 1965-11-02 Lubrizol Corp Lubricant
US3250715A (en) 1964-02-04 1966-05-10 Lubrizol Corp Terpolymer product and lubricating composition containing it
US3272746A (en) 1965-11-22 1966-09-13 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating composition containing an acylated nitrogen compound
US3275554A (en) 1963-08-02 1966-09-27 Shell Oil Co Polyolefin substituted polyamines and lubricants containing them
US3316177A (en) 1964-12-07 1967-04-25 Lubrizol Corp Functional fluid containing a sludge inhibiting detergent comprising the polyamine salt of the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an oxidized interpolymer of propylene and ethylene
US3322670A (en) 1963-08-26 1967-05-30 Standard Oil Co Detergent-dispersant lubricant additive having anti-rust and anti-wear properties
US3329658A (en) 1962-05-14 1967-07-04 Monsanto Co Dispersency oil additives
US3382291A (en) 1965-04-23 1968-05-07 Mobil Oil Corp Polymerization of olefins with bf3
US3413347A (en) 1966-01-26 1968-11-26 Ethyl Corp Mannich reaction products of high molecular weight alkyl phenols, aldehydes and polyaminopolyalkyleneamines
US3438757A (en) 1965-08-23 1969-04-15 Chevron Res Hydrocarbyl amines for fuel detergents
US3444170A (en) 1959-03-30 1969-05-13 Lubrizol Corp Process which comprises reacting a carboxylic intermediate with an amine
US3449250A (en) 1962-05-14 1969-06-10 Monsanto Co Dispersency oil additives
US3454555A (en) 1965-01-28 1969-07-08 Shell Oil Co Oil-soluble halogen-containing polyamines and polyethyleneimines
US3454607A (en) 1969-02-10 1969-07-08 Lubrizol Corp High molecular weight carboxylic compositions
US3519565A (en) 1967-09-19 1970-07-07 Lubrizol Corp Oil-soluble interpolymers of n-vinylthiopyrrolidones
US3541012A (en) 1968-04-15 1970-11-17 Lubrizol Corp Lubricants and fuels containing improved acylated nitrogen additives
US3595791A (en) 1969-03-11 1971-07-27 Lubrizol Corp Basic,sulfurized salicylates and method for their preparation
US3630904A (en) 1968-07-03 1971-12-28 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating oils and fuels containing acylated nitrogen additives
US3632511A (en) 1969-11-10 1972-01-04 Lubrizol Corp Acylated nitrogen-containing compositions processes for their preparationand lubricants and fuels containing the same
US3652616A (en) 1969-08-14 1972-03-28 Standard Oil Co Additives for fuels and lubricants
US3687849A (en) 1968-06-18 1972-08-29 Lubrizol Corp Lubricants containing oil-soluble graft polymers derived from degraded ethylene-propylene interpolymers
US3697574A (en) 1965-10-22 1972-10-10 Standard Oil Co Boron derivatives of high molecular weight mannich condensation products
US3702300A (en) 1968-12-20 1972-11-07 Lubrizol Corp Lubricant containing nitrogen-containing ester
US3703536A (en) 1967-11-24 1972-11-21 Standard Oil Co Preparation of oil-soluble boron derivatives of an alkylene polyamine-substituted phenol-formaldehyde addition product
US3704308A (en) 1965-10-22 1972-11-28 Standard Oil Co Boron-containing high molecular weight mannich condensation
US3725480A (en) 1968-11-08 1973-04-03 Standard Oil Co Ashless oil additives
US3726882A (en) 1968-11-08 1973-04-10 Standard Oil Co Ashless oil additives
US3742082A (en) 1971-11-18 1973-06-26 Mobil Oil Corp Dimerization of olefins with boron trifluoride
US3751365A (en) 1965-10-22 1973-08-07 Standard Oil Co Concentrates and crankcase oils comprising oil solutions of boron containing high molecular weight mannich reaction condensation products
US3755433A (en) 1971-12-16 1973-08-28 Texaco Inc Ashless lubricating oil dispersant
US3756953A (en) 1965-10-22 1973-09-04 Standard Oil Co Vatives of high molecular weight mannich reaction condensation concentrate and crankcase oils comprising oil solutions of boron deri
US3769363A (en) 1972-03-13 1973-10-30 Mobil Oil Corp Oligomerization of olefins with boron trifluoride
US3787374A (en) 1971-09-07 1974-01-22 Lubrizol Corp Process for preparing high molecular weight carboxylic compositions
US3798165A (en) 1965-10-22 1974-03-19 Standard Oil Co Lubricating oils containing high molecular weight mannich condensation products
US3803039A (en) 1970-07-13 1974-04-09 Standard Oil Co Oil solution of aliphatic acid derivatives of high molecular weight mannich condensation product
GB1350257A (en) 1970-06-05 1974-04-18 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of a lubricating oil
US3822209A (en) 1966-02-01 1974-07-02 Ethyl Corp Lubricant additives
US3876720A (en) 1972-07-24 1975-04-08 Gulf Research Development Co Internal olefin
GB1390359A (en) 1971-05-13 1975-04-09 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of lubricating oil with high viscosity index
GB1429494A (en) 1972-04-06 1976-03-24 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of a lubricating oil
US3948800A (en) 1971-07-01 1976-04-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Dispersant compositions
GB1440230A (en) 1972-08-04 1976-06-23 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of lubricating oils
US4100082A (en) 1976-01-28 1978-07-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricants containing amino phenol-detergent/dispersant combinations
US4149178A (en) 1976-10-05 1979-04-10 American Technology Corporation Pattern generating system and method
US4218330A (en) 1978-06-26 1980-08-19 Ethyl Corporation Lubricant
US4234435A (en) 1979-02-23 1980-11-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation
US4239930A (en) 1979-05-17 1980-12-16 Pearsall Chemical Company Continuous oligomerization process
CA1094044A (fr) 1977-02-25 1981-01-20 Norman A. Meinhardt Traduction non-disponible
US4367352A (en) 1980-12-22 1983-01-04 Texaco Inc. Oligomerized olefins for lubricant stock
US4413156A (en) 1982-04-26 1983-11-01 Texaco Inc. Manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from low molecular weight olefins using boron trifluoride catalysts
US4426305A (en) 1981-03-23 1984-01-17 Edwin Cooper, Inc. Lubricating compositions containing boronated nitrogen-containing dispersants
US4434408A (en) 1980-03-11 1984-02-28 Sony Corporation Oscillator having capacitor charging and discharging controlled by non-saturating switches
US4454059A (en) 1976-11-12 1984-06-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Nitrogenous dispersants, lubricants and concentrates containing said nitrogenous dispersants
US4594172A (en) 1984-04-18 1986-06-10 Shell Oil Company Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons
US4767551A (en) 1985-12-02 1988-08-30 Amoco Corporation Metal-containing lubricant compositions
US4798684A (en) 1987-06-09 1989-01-17 The Lubrizol Corporation Nitrogen containing anti-oxidant compositions
US4827064A (en) 1986-12-24 1989-05-02 Mobil Oil Corporation High viscosity index synthetic lubricant compositions
US4827073A (en) 1988-01-22 1989-05-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for manufacturing olefinic oligomers having lubricating properties
US4897178A (en) 1983-05-02 1990-01-30 Uop Hydrocracking catalyst and hydrocracking process
US4910355A (en) 1988-11-02 1990-03-20 Ethyl Corporation Olefin oligomer functional fluid using internal olefins
US4921594A (en) 1985-06-28 1990-05-01 Chevron Research Company Production of low pour point lubricating oils
US4943672A (en) 1987-12-18 1990-07-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Process for the hydroisomerization of Fischer-Tropsch wax to produce lubricating oil (OP-3403)
US4952739A (en) 1988-10-26 1990-08-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Organo-Al-chloride catalyzed poly-n-butenes process
US4956122A (en) 1982-03-10 1990-09-11 Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. Lubricating composition
US4975177A (en) 1985-11-01 1990-12-04 Mobil Oil Corporation High viscosity index lubricants
US5068487A (en) 1990-07-19 1991-11-26 Ethyl Corporation Olefin oligomerization with BF3 alcohol alkoxylate co-catalysts
US5075269A (en) 1988-12-15 1991-12-24 Mobil Oil Corp. Production of high viscosity index lubricating oil stock
EP0464546A1 (fr) 1990-07-05 1992-01-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Production de lubrifiants à haut indice de viscosité
EP0464547A1 (fr) 1990-07-05 1992-01-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Production de lubrifiants à haute indice de viscosité
US5084197A (en) 1990-09-21 1992-01-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Antiemulsion/antifoam agent for use in oils
EP0471071A1 (fr) 1990-02-23 1992-02-19 Lubrizol Corp Fluides fonctionnels a hautes temperatures.
US5430105A (en) 1992-12-17 1995-07-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low sediment process for forming borated dispersant
US5705458A (en) 1995-09-19 1998-01-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Additive compositions for lubricants and functional fluids
WO1998026030A1 (fr) 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Compositions d'huile lubrifiante contenant des complexes de molybdene organiques
US5824627A (en) 1996-12-13 1998-10-20 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Heterometallic lube oil additives
US5837657A (en) 1997-12-02 1998-11-17 Fang; Howard L. Method for reducing viscosity increase in sooted diesel oils
US5906968A (en) 1997-12-12 1999-05-25 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Method of synthesizing Mo3 Sx containing compounds
WO1999047629A1 (fr) 1998-03-13 1999-09-23 Infineum Usa L.P. Huile lubrifiante presentant des proprietes ameliorees de maintien d'economie de carburant
WO1999066013A1 (fr) 1998-06-17 1999-12-23 Infineum Usa L.P. Compositions pour huiles lubrifiantes
US6010987A (en) 1996-12-13 2000-01-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Enhancement of frictional retention properties in a lubricating composition containing a molybdenum sulfide additive in low concentration
US6034039A (en) 1997-11-28 2000-03-07 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Lubricating oil compositions
US6080301A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-06-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Premium synthetic lubricant base stock having at least 95% non-cyclic isoparaffins
US6090989A (en) 1997-10-20 2000-07-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Isoparaffinic lube basestock compositions
US6110878A (en) 1997-12-12 2000-08-29 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricant additives
US6165949A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-12-26 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Premium wear resistant lubricant
US6232276B1 (en) 1996-12-13 2001-05-15 Infineum Usa L.P. Trinuclear molybdenum multifunctional additive for lubricating oils
US6323164B1 (en) 2000-11-01 2001-11-27 Ethyl Corporation Dispersant (meth) acrylate copolymers having excellent low temperature properties
US6569820B2 (en) 2000-03-29 2003-05-27 Infineum International Ltd. Manufacture of lubricant additives
US6689725B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2004-02-10 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricant composition for diesel engines
US6730638B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2004-05-04 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Low ash, low phosphorus and low sulfur engine oils for internal combustion engines
US6734150B2 (en) 2000-02-14 2004-05-11 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricating oil compositions
US20080020950A1 (en) 2006-07-19 2008-01-24 Christopher Gray Lubricating Oil Composition
US7704930B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2010-04-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Mixed TBN detergents and lubricating oil compositions containing such detergents
US8048833B2 (en) 2007-08-17 2011-11-01 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Catalytic antioxidants
WO2015099820A1 (fr) * 2013-12-23 2015-07-02 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Procédé d'amélioration du rendement de carburant d'un moteur
US9422497B2 (en) 2012-09-21 2016-08-23 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Synthetic lubricant basestocks and methods of preparation thereof
US9458403B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2016-10-04 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company High viscosity, functionalized metallocene polyalphaolefin base stocks and processes for preparing same
US20170211007A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2017-07-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for improving engine fuel efficiency

Patent Citations (120)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1815022A (en) 1930-05-03 1931-07-14 Standard Oil Dev Co Hydrocarbon oil and process for manufacturing the same
US2015748A (en) 1933-06-30 1935-10-01 Standard Oil Dev Co Method for producing pour inhibitors
US2100993A (en) 1934-12-14 1937-11-30 Rohm & Haas Process for preparing esters and products
US2191498A (en) 1935-11-27 1940-02-27 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Mineral oil composition and method of making
US2387501A (en) 1944-04-04 1945-10-23 Du Pont Hydrocarbon oil
US2655479A (en) 1949-01-03 1953-10-13 Standard Oil Dev Co Polyester pour depressants
US2721878A (en) 1951-08-18 1955-10-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Strong acid as a polymerization modifier in the production of liquid polymers
US2721877A (en) 1951-08-22 1955-10-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil additives and a process for their preparation
US2666746A (en) 1952-08-11 1954-01-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating oil composition
US2817693A (en) 1954-03-29 1957-12-24 Shell Dev Production of oils from waxes
US3036003A (en) 1957-08-07 1962-05-22 Sinclair Research Inc Lubricating oil composition
US3341542A (en) 1959-03-30 1967-09-12 Lubrizol Corp Oil soluble acrylated nitrogen compounds having a polar acyl, acylimidoyl or acyloxy group with a nitrogen atom attached directly thereto
US3172892A (en) 1959-03-30 1965-03-09 Reaction product of high molecular weight succinic acids and succinic anhydrides with an ethylene poly- amine
US3219666A (en) 1959-03-30 1965-11-23 Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds
US3444170A (en) 1959-03-30 1969-05-13 Lubrizol Corp Process which comprises reacting a carboxylic intermediate with an amine
US3215707A (en) 1960-06-07 1965-11-02 Lubrizol Corp Lubricant
US3200107A (en) 1961-06-12 1965-08-10 Lubrizol Corp Process for preparing acylated amine-cs2 compositions and products
US3087936A (en) 1961-08-18 1963-04-30 Lubrizol Corp Reaction product of an aliphatic olefinpolymer-succinic acid producing compound with an amine and reacting the resulting product with a boron compound
US3254025A (en) 1961-08-18 1966-05-31 Lubrizol Corp Boron-containing acylated amine and lubricating compositions containing the same
US3449250A (en) 1962-05-14 1969-06-10 Monsanto Co Dispersency oil additives
US3329658A (en) 1962-05-14 1967-07-04 Monsanto Co Dispersency oil additives
US3275554A (en) 1963-08-02 1966-09-27 Shell Oil Co Polyolefin substituted polyamines and lubricants containing them
US3322670A (en) 1963-08-26 1967-05-30 Standard Oil Co Detergent-dispersant lubricant additive having anti-rust and anti-wear properties
US3250715A (en) 1964-02-04 1966-05-10 Lubrizol Corp Terpolymer product and lubricating composition containing it
US3316177A (en) 1964-12-07 1967-04-25 Lubrizol Corp Functional fluid containing a sludge inhibiting detergent comprising the polyamine salt of the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an oxidized interpolymer of propylene and ethylene
US3454555A (en) 1965-01-28 1969-07-08 Shell Oil Co Oil-soluble halogen-containing polyamines and polyethyleneimines
US3382291A (en) 1965-04-23 1968-05-07 Mobil Oil Corp Polymerization of olefins with bf3
US3438757A (en) 1965-08-23 1969-04-15 Chevron Res Hydrocarbyl amines for fuel detergents
US3565804A (en) 1965-08-23 1971-02-23 Chevron Res Lubricating oil additives
US3798165A (en) 1965-10-22 1974-03-19 Standard Oil Co Lubricating oils containing high molecular weight mannich condensation products
US3756953A (en) 1965-10-22 1973-09-04 Standard Oil Co Vatives of high molecular weight mannich reaction condensation concentrate and crankcase oils comprising oil solutions of boron deri
US3751365A (en) 1965-10-22 1973-08-07 Standard Oil Co Concentrates and crankcase oils comprising oil solutions of boron containing high molecular weight mannich reaction condensation products
US3704308A (en) 1965-10-22 1972-11-28 Standard Oil Co Boron-containing high molecular weight mannich condensation
US3697574A (en) 1965-10-22 1972-10-10 Standard Oil Co Boron derivatives of high molecular weight mannich condensation products
US3272746A (en) 1965-11-22 1966-09-13 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating composition containing an acylated nitrogen compound
US3413347A (en) 1966-01-26 1968-11-26 Ethyl Corp Mannich reaction products of high molecular weight alkyl phenols, aldehydes and polyaminopolyalkyleneamines
US3725277A (en) 1966-01-26 1973-04-03 Ethyl Corp Lubricant compositions
US3822209A (en) 1966-02-01 1974-07-02 Ethyl Corp Lubricant additives
US3666730A (en) 1967-09-19 1972-05-30 Lubrizol Corp Oil-soluble interpolymers of n-vinylthiopyrrolidones
US3519565A (en) 1967-09-19 1970-07-07 Lubrizol Corp Oil-soluble interpolymers of n-vinylthiopyrrolidones
US3703536A (en) 1967-11-24 1972-11-21 Standard Oil Co Preparation of oil-soluble boron derivatives of an alkylene polyamine-substituted phenol-formaldehyde addition product
US3541012A (en) 1968-04-15 1970-11-17 Lubrizol Corp Lubricants and fuels containing improved acylated nitrogen additives
US3687849A (en) 1968-06-18 1972-08-29 Lubrizol Corp Lubricants containing oil-soluble graft polymers derived from degraded ethylene-propylene interpolymers
US3630904A (en) 1968-07-03 1971-12-28 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating oils and fuels containing acylated nitrogen additives
US3725480A (en) 1968-11-08 1973-04-03 Standard Oil Co Ashless oil additives
US3726882A (en) 1968-11-08 1973-04-10 Standard Oil Co Ashless oil additives
US3702300A (en) 1968-12-20 1972-11-07 Lubrizol Corp Lubricant containing nitrogen-containing ester
US3454607A (en) 1969-02-10 1969-07-08 Lubrizol Corp High molecular weight carboxylic compositions
US3595791A (en) 1969-03-11 1971-07-27 Lubrizol Corp Basic,sulfurized salicylates and method for their preparation
US3652616A (en) 1969-08-14 1972-03-28 Standard Oil Co Additives for fuels and lubricants
US3632511A (en) 1969-11-10 1972-01-04 Lubrizol Corp Acylated nitrogen-containing compositions processes for their preparationand lubricants and fuels containing the same
GB1350257A (en) 1970-06-05 1974-04-18 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of a lubricating oil
US3803039A (en) 1970-07-13 1974-04-09 Standard Oil Co Oil solution of aliphatic acid derivatives of high molecular weight mannich condensation product
GB1390359A (en) 1971-05-13 1975-04-09 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of lubricating oil with high viscosity index
US3948800A (en) 1971-07-01 1976-04-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Dispersant compositions
US3787374A (en) 1971-09-07 1974-01-22 Lubrizol Corp Process for preparing high molecular weight carboxylic compositions
US3742082A (en) 1971-11-18 1973-06-26 Mobil Oil Corp Dimerization of olefins with boron trifluoride
US3755433A (en) 1971-12-16 1973-08-28 Texaco Inc Ashless lubricating oil dispersant
US3769363A (en) 1972-03-13 1973-10-30 Mobil Oil Corp Oligomerization of olefins with boron trifluoride
GB1429494A (en) 1972-04-06 1976-03-24 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of a lubricating oil
US3876720A (en) 1972-07-24 1975-04-08 Gulf Research Development Co Internal olefin
GB1440230A (en) 1972-08-04 1976-06-23 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of lubricating oils
US4100082A (en) 1976-01-28 1978-07-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricants containing amino phenol-detergent/dispersant combinations
US4149178A (en) 1976-10-05 1979-04-10 American Technology Corporation Pattern generating system and method
US4454059A (en) 1976-11-12 1984-06-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Nitrogenous dispersants, lubricants and concentrates containing said nitrogenous dispersants
CA1094044A (fr) 1977-02-25 1981-01-20 Norman A. Meinhardt Traduction non-disponible
US4218330A (en) 1978-06-26 1980-08-19 Ethyl Corporation Lubricant
US4234435A (en) 1979-02-23 1980-11-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation
US4239930A (en) 1979-05-17 1980-12-16 Pearsall Chemical Company Continuous oligomerization process
US4434408A (en) 1980-03-11 1984-02-28 Sony Corporation Oscillator having capacitor charging and discharging controlled by non-saturating switches
US4367352A (en) 1980-12-22 1983-01-04 Texaco Inc. Oligomerized olefins for lubricant stock
US4426305A (en) 1981-03-23 1984-01-17 Edwin Cooper, Inc. Lubricating compositions containing boronated nitrogen-containing dispersants
US4956122A (en) 1982-03-10 1990-09-11 Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. Lubricating composition
US4413156A (en) 1982-04-26 1983-11-01 Texaco Inc. Manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from low molecular weight olefins using boron trifluoride catalysts
US4897178A (en) 1983-05-02 1990-01-30 Uop Hydrocracking catalyst and hydrocracking process
US4594172A (en) 1984-04-18 1986-06-10 Shell Oil Company Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons
US4921594A (en) 1985-06-28 1990-05-01 Chevron Research Company Production of low pour point lubricating oils
US4975177A (en) 1985-11-01 1990-12-04 Mobil Oil Corporation High viscosity index lubricants
US4767551A (en) 1985-12-02 1988-08-30 Amoco Corporation Metal-containing lubricant compositions
US4827064A (en) 1986-12-24 1989-05-02 Mobil Oil Corporation High viscosity index synthetic lubricant compositions
US4798684A (en) 1987-06-09 1989-01-17 The Lubrizol Corporation Nitrogen containing anti-oxidant compositions
US4943672A (en) 1987-12-18 1990-07-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Process for the hydroisomerization of Fischer-Tropsch wax to produce lubricating oil (OP-3403)
US4827073A (en) 1988-01-22 1989-05-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for manufacturing olefinic oligomers having lubricating properties
US4952739A (en) 1988-10-26 1990-08-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Organo-Al-chloride catalyzed poly-n-butenes process
US4910355A (en) 1988-11-02 1990-03-20 Ethyl Corporation Olefin oligomer functional fluid using internal olefins
US5075269A (en) 1988-12-15 1991-12-24 Mobil Oil Corp. Production of high viscosity index lubricating oil stock
EP0471071A1 (fr) 1990-02-23 1992-02-19 Lubrizol Corp Fluides fonctionnels a hautes temperatures.
EP0464546A1 (fr) 1990-07-05 1992-01-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Production de lubrifiants à haut indice de viscosité
EP0464547A1 (fr) 1990-07-05 1992-01-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Production de lubrifiants à haute indice de viscosité
US5068487A (en) 1990-07-19 1991-11-26 Ethyl Corporation Olefin oligomerization with BF3 alcohol alkoxylate co-catalysts
US5084197A (en) 1990-09-21 1992-01-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Antiemulsion/antifoam agent for use in oils
US5430105A (en) 1992-12-17 1995-07-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low sediment process for forming borated dispersant
US5705458A (en) 1995-09-19 1998-01-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Additive compositions for lubricants and functional fluids
US6232276B1 (en) 1996-12-13 2001-05-15 Infineum Usa L.P. Trinuclear molybdenum multifunctional additive for lubricating oils
WO1998026030A1 (fr) 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Compositions d'huile lubrifiante contenant des complexes de molybdene organiques
US5824627A (en) 1996-12-13 1998-10-20 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Heterometallic lube oil additives
US6010987A (en) 1996-12-13 2000-01-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Enhancement of frictional retention properties in a lubricating composition containing a molybdenum sulfide additive in low concentration
US6090989A (en) 1997-10-20 2000-07-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Isoparaffinic lube basestock compositions
US6034039A (en) 1997-11-28 2000-03-07 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Lubricating oil compositions
US5837657A (en) 1997-12-02 1998-11-17 Fang; Howard L. Method for reducing viscosity increase in sooted diesel oils
US5906968A (en) 1997-12-12 1999-05-25 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Method of synthesizing Mo3 Sx containing compounds
US6110878A (en) 1997-12-12 2000-08-29 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricant additives
WO1999047629A1 (fr) 1998-03-13 1999-09-23 Infineum Usa L.P. Huile lubrifiante presentant des proprietes ameliorees de maintien d'economie de carburant
US6143701A (en) 1998-03-13 2000-11-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating oil having improved fuel economy retention properties
US6153564A (en) 1998-06-17 2000-11-28 Infineum Usa L.P. Lubricating oil compositions
WO1999066013A1 (fr) 1998-06-17 1999-12-23 Infineum Usa L.P. Compositions pour huiles lubrifiantes
US6165949A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-12-26 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Premium wear resistant lubricant
US6080301A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-06-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Premium synthetic lubricant base stock having at least 95% non-cyclic isoparaffins
US6689725B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2004-02-10 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricant composition for diesel engines
US6734150B2 (en) 2000-02-14 2004-05-11 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricating oil compositions
US6569820B2 (en) 2000-03-29 2003-05-27 Infineum International Ltd. Manufacture of lubricant additives
US6323164B1 (en) 2000-11-01 2001-11-27 Ethyl Corporation Dispersant (meth) acrylate copolymers having excellent low temperature properties
US6730638B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2004-05-04 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Low ash, low phosphorus and low sulfur engine oils for internal combustion engines
US7704930B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2010-04-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Mixed TBN detergents and lubricating oil compositions containing such detergents
US20080020950A1 (en) 2006-07-19 2008-01-24 Christopher Gray Lubricating Oil Composition
US8048833B2 (en) 2007-08-17 2011-11-01 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Catalytic antioxidants
US9422497B2 (en) 2012-09-21 2016-08-23 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Synthetic lubricant basestocks and methods of preparation thereof
US9458403B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2016-10-04 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company High viscosity, functionalized metallocene polyalphaolefin base stocks and processes for preparing same
WO2015099820A1 (fr) * 2013-12-23 2015-07-02 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Procédé d'amélioration du rendement de carburant d'un moteur
US20170211007A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2017-07-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for improving engine fuel efficiency

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions", vol. 2, 1964, INTER-SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
J.G. WILLS: "Lubrication Fundamentals", 1980, MARCEL DEKKER INC.
L. R. RUDNICK: "Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants", 2006, CRC TAYLOR AND FRANCIS
M. W. RANNEY: "Lubricants and Related Products", 1973, NOYES DATA CORPORATION OF PARKRIDGE
RUDNICKSHUBKIN: "Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Functional Fluids", 1999, MARCEL DEKKER INC.
SYNTHETICS, MINERAL OILS, AND BIO-BASED LUBRICANTS, vol. 111, pages 3 - 36
W. W. YAUJ. J. KIRKLANDD. D. BLY: "Modem Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography", 1979, JOHN WILEY AND SONS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20200165537A1 (en) 2020-05-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10738258B2 (en) Method for improving engine fuel efficiency and energy efficiency
US20140194333A1 (en) Method for improving engine fuel efficiency
US20210189283A1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions and methods of use
US20150175923A1 (en) Method for improving engine fuel efficiency
US20130005622A1 (en) Low viscosity engine oil with superior engine wear protection
WO2019089181A1 (fr) Compositions d'huile lubrifiante ayant une protection contre l'usure du moteur
WO2020123440A1 (fr) Procédé d'amélioration de la résistance à l'oxydation et au dépôt d'huiles lubrifiantes
US20180119048A1 (en) Method for improving engine fuel efficiency
US20200102519A1 (en) Low viscosity lubricating oils with improved oxidative stability and traction performance
WO2018144167A1 (fr) Huile lubrifiante pour moteur et procédé pour améliorer l'efficacité de combustible pour moteur
WO2018026982A1 (fr) Huile lubrifiante pour moteur pour une protection améliorée contre l'usure et une efficacité améliorée du carburant
US20210189282A1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions and methods of use
US20200165537A1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions with improved deposit resistance and methods thereof
WO2019103808A1 (fr) Compositions d'huile lubrifiante présentant une stabilité à l'oxydation dans des moteurs diesel
WO2013074498A1 (fr) Procédé d'amélioration du rendement du carburant pour moteur
US20150111797A1 (en) Low viscosity engine oil with superior engine wear protection
US20190345407A1 (en) Method for improving engine fuel efficiency
US20200140775A1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions having improved cleanliness and wear performance
WO2020131515A2 (fr) Compositions lubrifiantes à contrôle d'usure amélioré
US20200024538A1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions with oxidative stability in diesel engines using biodiesel fuel
WO2019060144A1 (fr) Compositions d'huile lubrifiante avec contrôle de viscosité et de dépôts
US20200199477A1 (en) Method for improving high temperature antifoaming performance of a lubricating oil
US20200190425A1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions having functionalized quercetin antioxidants
US20190031975A1 (en) Method for improving deposit control and cleanliness performance in an engine lubricated with a lubricating oil
US20200199480A1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions with antioxidant formation and dissipation control

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19818314

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19818314

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1