US20170125650A1 - Display devices comprising green-emitting quantum dots and red KSF phosphor - Google Patents
Display devices comprising green-emitting quantum dots and red KSF phosphor Download PDFInfo
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- US20170125650A1 US20170125650A1 US15/337,557 US201615337557A US2017125650A1 US 20170125650 A1 US20170125650 A1 US 20170125650A1 US 201615337557 A US201615337557 A US 201615337557A US 2017125650 A1 US2017125650 A1 US 2017125650A1
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Images
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to materials and processes for the production of display devices. More specifically, the invention relates to backlight units for display devices comprising quantum dots and K 2 SiF 6: Mn 4+ (KSF) phosphor.
- Quantum dots have been used in the backlight unit (BLU) of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to improve the color gamut compared to conventional LCD backlight units comprising a blue LED and a conventional rare earth phosphor.
- the color gamut is compared to standards in the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 color space. Such standards include the National Television System Committee 1953 (NTSC 1953) and the Digital Cinema Initiatives-P3 (DCI-P3) color triangles.
- NTSC 1953 National Television System Committee 1953
- DCI-P3 Digital Cinema Initiatives-P3
- Rec. 2020 the International Telecommunications Union recommended a new standard for ultra-high definition television (UHDTV), known as Rec. 2020.
- the color triangle for Rec. 2020 is significantly larger than the NTSC 1953 and DCI-P3 color triangles, covering 76% of the color space seen by the human eye.
- Such heavy-metal-free QDs may include Group III-V-based materials (such as InP), as well as alloys of e.g. Group III-V materials alloyed with other elements, e.g.
- InPZnS (as described in U.S. Publication No. 2014/0264172,).
- Group III-V-based materials the quantum confinement effects are stronger than those in Group III-V materials (including CdSe). This leads to a larger change in emission wavelength from a given change in particle size, and consequently a broader FWHM is displayed by Group III-V materials than Group II-V materials.
- FWHM values are typically broader for red-emitting heavy-metal-free QDs than green-emitting heavy-metal-free QDs.
- KSF K 2 SiF 6: Mn 4+
- KSF has four emission maxima at 613 nm, 631 nm, 636 nm and 648 nm, each with a FWHM ⁇ 5 nm.
- the device covered ⁇ 130% of the NTSC color space, with 96% overlap.
- KSF powder was blended with silicone gel and left to cure for 30 minutes.
- CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 QDs were dissolved in chloroform with polymethylmethacrylate.
- the layer of silicone gel with KSF was painted onto the surface of a blue GaN LED chip, followed by casting a layer of QDs in PMMA.
- the CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 QDs are not currently commercially available and contain lead, another heavy-metal subject to RoHS regulations. Further, the on-chip configuration may create thermal stability issues due to the close proximity of the QDs to the LED chip, resulting in short device lifetimes.
- Manganese-activated fluoride complex phosphors are phosphors having Mn 4+ as an activator and a fluoride complex salt of an alkali metal, an amine, or an alkaline earth metal as a base crystal.
- the coordination center in the fluoride complex that forms the base crystal is a trivalent metal (B, Al, Ga, In, Y, Sc or a lanthanoid), a tetravalent metal (Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Re, Hf), or a pentavalent metal (V, P, Nb or Ta) with 5 to 7 fluorine atoms coordinated around the coordination center.
- a preferred Mn 4+ -activated fluoride complex phosphor is A 2 MF 6: Mn having a hexafluoro complex salt of an alkali metal as a base crystal (where A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and NH 4, and M is selected from the group consisting of Ge, Si, Sn, Ti and Zr).
- A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and NH 4
- M is selected from the group consisting of Ge, Si, Sn, Ti and Zr.
- Particularly preferred is a Mn 4+ -activated fluoride complex phosphor where A is K (potassium) or Na (sodium), and M is Si (silicon) or Ti (titanium)—for example, K 2 SiF 6: Mn 4+ (KSF).
- a method for combining a blue-emitting LED, green-emitting QDs, and red-emitting KSF phosphor to produce white light with a wide color gamut, in such a way that the optical properties of the QDs are not deteriorated by exposure to heat.
- LED devices comprising a blue-emitting LED chip, green-emitting QDs and red-emitting KSF phosphor are also disclosed.
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are incorporated into polymer beads. In some embodiments, the QDs and the KSF phosphor are incorporated into the same bead. In alternative embodiments, the QDs and the KSF phosphor are incorporated into separate beads. In other embodiments, the QDs and the KSF phosphor are incorporated into a “core/shell bead” having a central core comprising a first material surrounded by a shell comprising a second material. The KSF phosphor may be incorporated into the core of the bead and QDs into the shell of the bead. Alternatively, the QDs may be incorporated into the core of the bead and KSF phosphor into the shell of the bead.
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are deposited into the cup portion of an LED package.
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are incorporated into a film that is positioned remotely from the LED chip.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a polymer bead comprising green quantum dots and KSF phosphor particles.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of two polymer beads; one bead containing KSF phosphor and the other bead containing green quantum dots.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a core/shell polymer bead comprising a core comprising KSF phosphor particles and a shell comprising green quantum dots.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a core/shell polymer bead comprising a core comprising green quantum dots and a shell comprising KSF phosphor particles.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an LED comprising an LED chip and an LED cup filled with KSF phosphor and green quantum dot polymer beads.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an LED comprising an LED chip and an LED cup filled with KSF phosphor, and a remote film comprising green quantum dots.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an LED comprising an LED chip and an LED cup filled with KSF phosphor polymer beads and green quantum dot polymer beads.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an LED comprising an LED chip and an LED cup filled with polymer beads comprising KSF phosphor and green quantum dots.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an LED comprising an LED chip and an LED cup filled with polymer beads comprising KSF phosphor, and a remote film comprising green quantum dots.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an LED and a remote film comprising polymer beads comprising KSF phosphor and polymer beads comprising green quantum dots.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an LED and a remote film comprising polymer beads comprising KSF phosphor and green quantum dots.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an LED and a remote film comprising KSF phosphor particles and green quantum dots.
- FIG. 13 is a simulated spectrum of a film containing green-emitting quantum dots and KSF phosphor.
- FIG. 14 is a simulated spectrum of a film containing green-emitting quantum dots and red-emitting quantum dots.
- FIG. 15 is a normalized emission spectrum of polymer beads containing KSF phosphor.
- FIG. 16 is a normalized emission spectrum of polymer beads containing green-emitting quantum dots.
- FIG. 17 is a normalized emission spectrum of beads containing both green-emitting quantum dots and KSF phosphor.
- FIG. 18 is an exploded view of a liquid crystal display (LCD) equipped with a quantum dot backlight unit.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- a blue-emitting LED may be combined with green-emitting QDs, and red-emitting KSF phosphor to produce white light with a wide color gamut in such a way that the optical properties of the QDs are not adversely affected by exposure to heat.
- FIG. 13 A simulated spectrum of a film containing green-emitting quantum dots and KSF phosphor [excited with blue light?] is shown in FIG. 13 and a simulated spectrum of a film containing green-emitting quantum dots and red-emitting quantum dots is shown in FIG. 14 . Also shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 are the transmission spectra of the red, green, and blue color filters used in a typical LCD television set.
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are incorporated into polymer beads.
- the incorporation of QDs into polymer beads is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,544,725 “Labelled Beads;” U.S. Pat. No. 8,859,442 “Encapsulated Nanoparticles;” U.S. Pat. No. 8,847,197 “Semiconductor Nanoparticle-Based Materials;” and U.S. Pat. No. 8,957,401 “Semiconductor Nanoparticle-Based Materials;” and in published patent applications: U.S. Pub. No. 2014/0264192 “Preparation of Quantum Dot Beads Having a Silyl Surface Shell” and U.S.
- green-emitting QDs and red-emitting KSF phosphor may be incorporated into the same bead, as illustrated in FIG. 1 . Incorporating the QDs and the KSF phosphor into the same bead may be advantageous for ease of processing.
- green-emitting QDs and red-emitting KSF phosphor may be incorporated into separate beads, as illustrated in FIG. 2 . Incorporating the QDs and the KSF phosphor into separate beads can offer an effective means of color mixing, since suitable ratios of green- and red-emitting beads may be combined to produce a desired white point in the CIE 1931 color space.
- green-emitting QDs and red-emitting KSF phosphor may be incorporated into a core/shell bead—i.e., a bead having a central core comprising a first material surrounded by a shell comprising a second material.
- KSF phosphor may be incorporated into the core of the bead and green-emitting QDs into the shell of the bead, as shown in FIG. 3 , or green-emitting QDs may be incorporated into the core of the bead and KSF phosphor into the shell of the bead, as shown in FIG. 4 .
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are deposited into the cup portion of an LED package.
- Techniques to deposit QDs and phosphor particles into LED cups are known in the art and can include combining the particles with an optically-transparent resin, depositing the resin in an LED cup, and allowing the resin to cure.
- the incorporation of QDs into an acrylate resin and subsequent deposition into LED cups is described in U.S. Pub. No. 2013/0105839 “Acrylate Resin for QD-LED” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- suitable resins include, but are not restricted to, acrylates, silicones and epoxies.
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are incorporated into a film that is positioned remotely from the LED chip. This is particularly advantageous for separating the QDs from the LED chip, which prevents thermal degradation of the QDs due to heat emitted by the LED.
- Techniques to incorporate QDs into a resin matrix are known in the prior art, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2015/0047765 “Quantum Dot Films Utilizing Multi-Phase Resins;” U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2015/0275078 “Quantum Dot Compositions;” and U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2015/0255690 “Methods for Fabricating High Quality Quantum Dot Polymer Films.” Similar techniques may be used to incorporate KSF phosphor particles into resin matrices.
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are first incorporated into polymer beads, which are subsequently incorporated into a polymer film.
- the formation of a polymer film incorporating QD beads is described in U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2013/0075692 “Semiconductor Nanoparticle-Based Light-Emitting Materials which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the QDs and/or the KSF phosphor are incorporated directly into a polymer or resin matrix and processed into a film.
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue LED chip and an LED cup filled with KSF phosphor and green-emitting quantum dot polymer beads.
- the QDs are protected from thermal degradation resulting from heat generated by the LED chip.
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue-emitting LED chip, an LED cup filled with red-emitting KSF phosphor, and a remote polymer film comprising green-emitting QDs.
- the remote location of the QD film such that it is not in direct contact with the LED chip, protects the QDs from thermal degradation by the LED.
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue-emitting LED chip and an LED cup filled with red-emitting KSF phosphor polymer beads and green-emitting QD polymer beads.
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue-emitting LED chip and an LED cup filled with polymer beads comprising red-emitting KSF phosphor and green-emitting QDs.
- the KSF phosphor and QDs may be randomly distributed throughout the beads, as illustrated in FIG. 1 , or may be formed into core/shell beads, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue-emitting LED chip, an LED cup filled with polymer beads comprising red-emitting KSF phosphor, and a “remote film” comprising green-emitting quantum dots—i.e., a film physically separated from the LED package.
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue-emitting LED chip, and a remote polymer film comprising red-emitting KSF phosphor contained in polymer beads and polymer beads comprising green-emitting QDs.
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue-emitting LED chip, and a remote polymer film comprising polymer beads comprising red-emitting KSF phosphor and green-emitting QDs.
- the KSF phosphor and QDs may be randomly distributed throughout the beads, as shown in FIG. 1 , or may be formed into core/shell beads, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- a white-emitting LED comprises a blue-emitting LED chip, and a remote polymer film comprising red-emitting KSF phosphor particles and green-emitting QDs.
- another narrowband phosphor may be substituted for the KSF phosphor.
- a liquid crystal display is an electronically modulated optical device made up of any number of segments controlling a layer of liquid crystals arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.
- a backlight is a form of illumination used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Because LCDs do not themselves produce light (unlike, for example, CRT displays and LED displays), they need an illumination source (ambient light or a special light source) to produce a visible image. Backlights may illuminate the LCD from the side or back of the display panel.
- FIG. 18 An exemplary QD-based backlight unit is shown in FIG. 18 .
- the illustrated BLU includes a brightness enhancement film (BEF) and a liquid crystal matrix (LCM).
- BEF brightness enhancement film
- LCD liquid crystal matrix
- the QD-containing layer is shown displaced laterally from its actual position in order to permit visualization of the LEDs.
- the “QD” layer is a polymer film comprising green-emitting quantum dots and KSF phosphor.
- the quantum dots and/or the KSF phosphor may be contained within beads that provide protection from heat, oxygen and/or moisture.
- Aqueous PVOH solution was prepared by dissolving PVOH in distilled water and stirring overnight. For further dissolution of the undissolved PVOH part the whole solution was heated at 70° C. for 3-4 hr. For bead synthesis, the PVOH solution was filtered to remove any undissolved polyvinyl acetate and/or dust particles.
- the required amount of QD dot solution was transferred to a glass vial containing a stirring bar under an inert atmosphere. Toluene was removed from the QD dot solution using reduced pressure with continuous stirring. Once all traces of visible solvent were removed, the residue was heated to 40° C. for 45 minutes under vacuum to ensure that all traces of residual solvent were removed.
- the stock solution was prepared by adding degassed lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and the cross-linker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTM) to the degassed photoinitiator(s) and stirring in the dark to ensure complete dissolution of the photoinitiator(s). Then, the required amount of the stock solution was added to the dry QD residue under an inert atmosphere and in dark conditions. The entire resin solution was stirred overnight to ensure complete dispersion of the QDs.
- LMA degassed lauryl methacrylate
- TMPTM cross-linker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
- TWEEN® 80 nonionic, sorbitan ester surfactant [ CRODA AMERICAS LLC, WILMINGTON DEL. 19801] was added to the reaction vessel followed by the required amount of PVOH solution and stirred for at least 30 minutes for complete dissolution of the surfactant into the PVOH solution.
- the whole solution mixture was degassed for a few hours by applying a vacuum/nitrogen cycle.
- the reaction vessel was placed inside a rig equipped with a four UV-LED head. Then, the required amount of QD resin solution was injected into the PVOH/surfactant solution under constant stirring.
- the bead polymerization was started by activating the UV light source for several minutes (depending on the reaction conditions). After the polymerization, the beads were washed twice with cold distilled water then once with a water/acetonitrile (50/50 volume ratio) mixture then twice with only acetonitrile. Usually, the beads were washed in a centrifuge machine. After washing, the beads were dried under vacuum for several hours or overnight.
- TWEEN 80 surfactant was added to 10 mL of a 4% PVOH solution and stirred for 30 minutes for complete dissolution of the surfactant into the PVOH solution and degassed for a few hours by applying a vacuum/nitrogen cycle.
- LMA/TMPTM 1:0.154 volume ratio with 1% IRGACURE® 819 photo-initiator [ BASF SE COMPANY CARL-BOSCH-STR. 38 LUDWIGSHAFEN, GERMANY 67056]
- TWEEN 80 surfactant was added to 10 mL of a 4% PVOH solution and stirred for 30 minutes for complete dissolution of the surfactant into the PVOH solution and degassed for a few hours by applying a vacuum/nitrogen cycle.
- a QD solution was dried under vacuum.
- 3 grams of degassed LMA/TMPTM (1/0.154 volume ratio with 1% IRGACURE 819) resin was added from the LMA/TMPTM stock solution and stirred overnight under an inert atmosphere and in dark conditions. The whole QD resin solution was stirred overnight to ensure complete dispersion of the QDs.
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TW105135389A TWI635339B (zh) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-01 | 包含綠光量子點及紅色ksf磷光體之顯示裝置 |
CN201680073144.7A CN108475714B (zh) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | 包括发绿光的量子点和红色ksf磷光体的显示装置 |
EP16794713.4A EP3371834B1 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | Display devices comprising green-emitting quantum dots and red ksf phosphor |
KR1020187014573A KR102163254B1 (ko) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | 녹색-발광 양자점들 및 적색 ksf 형광체를 포함하는 디스플레이 장치 |
JP2018541575A JP6804548B2 (ja) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | 緑色発光量子ドット及び赤色ksf蛍光体を含むディスプレイデバイス |
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US16/290,450 US11043618B2 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2019-03-01 | Display devices comprising green-emitting quantum dots and red KSF phosphor |
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- 2016-11-02 KR KR1020187014573A patent/KR102163254B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-11-02 CN CN201680073144.7A patent/CN108475714B/zh active Active
- 2016-11-02 EP EP16794713.4A patent/EP3371834B1/en active Active
- 2016-11-02 WO PCT/GB2016/053394 patent/WO2017077290A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3371834B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
TW201727336A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
KR102163254B1 (ko) | 2020-10-08 |
JP2019502272A (ja) | 2019-01-24 |
US11043618B2 (en) | 2021-06-22 |
JP6804548B2 (ja) | 2020-12-23 |
EP3371834A1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
US20190198730A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
CN108475714A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
CN108475714B (zh) | 2021-03-23 |
WO2017077290A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
KR20180072798A (ko) | 2018-06-29 |
TWI635339B (zh) | 2018-09-11 |
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