Classifications

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  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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  • A61K36/72—Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn family), e.g. buckthorn, chewstick or umbrella-tree
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  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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  • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
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  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/14—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the thyroid hormones, e.g. T3, T4
  • A61P5/16—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the thyroid hormones, e.g. T3, T4 for decreasing, blocking or antagonising the activity of the thyroid hormones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/14—Vasoprotectives; Antihaemorrhoidals; Drugs for varicose therapy; Capillary stabilisers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
  • A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
  • A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
  • A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
  • A61K2236/35—Extraction with lipophilic solvents, e.g. Hexane or petrol ether
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

• the invention belongs to the field of medicine, in particular to the Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract and its preparation methods and uses.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. a deciduous shrub, is a common medicinal plant. It has been reported that its branches, leaves, roots and fruits can be used as medicine. It is bitter, flat, and non-toxic. It can remove cold and promote blood circulation, reduce swelling, act as antipyretic, treat bruises and injuries, and relieve heart and abdomen pains. It is included in the “Chinese Traditional Medicine Dictionary” and some local drug records.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. and its extract have good anti-fibrotic, anti-fungal, and anti-tumor activities, treat oral and digestive tract inflammation or (and) ulcer-related diseases, and have bi-directional immunomodulatory effects.
• the first technical problem solved with the invention is providing new uses of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• the whole plant or any part is used; wherein, the medicinal part can be any part or the mix of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• the new medicinal uses of Paliurus ramosissimus are its uses in preparation of drugs with anti-fibrotic, anti-fungal, and anti-tumor activities, for the treatment of oral and digestive tract inflammation or (and) ulcer-related diseases, or with bi-directional immunomodulatory effects.
• the second technical problem solved with the invention is providing a new Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract. Given the ease of collection of and convenience of storage of medicinal materials, in order to facilitate clinical application, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. can be applied after being prepared as extract.
• the Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract in the present invention is prepared from the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. as pharmaceutical raw materials, with conventional extraction methods.
• the main ingredients of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract obtained in the present invention include flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins; further include glycosides and monomer ingredients of the above-described flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and coumarins; additionally include polysaccharides and celluloses.
• the third technical problem solved with the invention is providing methods for preparing Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. extract as follows:
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. as pharmaceutical raw materials mentioned in Step A is its fresh products, freeze-dried products, and organic solvent pretreatment products.
• the solvent mentioned in Step B is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether; preferably, methanol or ethanol.
• the extraction mentioned in Step B is soak, reflux or percolation extraction.
• the drying mentioned in Step B is reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, spray drying or microwave drying.
• step C extracting the concentrate obtained in step B with solvent “b” and drying;
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. as pharmaceutical raw materials mentioned in Step A is its fresh or freeze-dried form or pretreated form with organic solvent.
• the solvent a mentioned in Step B is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol; preferably, methanol or ethanol.
• the solvent b mentioned in Step C is ethyl acetate or petroleum ether.
• the extraction mentioned in Step B and Step C is soak method, reflux method, percolation method or extraction method.
• the drying mentioned in Step B and Step C is reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, spray drying or microwave drying.
• the extract prepared with the above-described methods if it is prepared with Method I, it is named as the extract corresponding to the solvent used in Step B, such as Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethanol extract, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. isopropanol extract, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethyl acetate extract, and Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• the solvent used in Step B such as Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• ethanol extract Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• methanol extract Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. isopropanol extract
• the amount relationship between the solvent used in Step B of Method I is that, the amount of the solvent is 1-20 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.; preferably, the amount of the solvent is 5-15 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.; further, the amount of the solvent is 8-10 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• the amount relationship between the solvent a used in Step B of Method II is that, the amount of the solvent a is 1-20 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.; preferably, the amount of the solvent a is 5-15 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.; further, the amount of the solvent a is 8-10 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• the amount of methanol or ethanol is 1-20 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.; Preferably, the amount of methanol or ethanol is 5-15 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.; Further, the amount of methanol or ethanol is preferably 8-10 times of that of the weight of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir.
• the concentration of the mentioned ethanol is 10-95%.
• the concentration of ethanol is 50-95%.
• the concentration of ethanol is 95%.
• the raw material Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. before treatment with organic solvents must be fresh products or freeze-dried product.
• the inventors have found that sun and air dried product or oven dried product do not have the corresponding activities, so fresh Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. product is used as raw materials.
• the fresh product is not good for storage and transportation, so the inventors have identified that freeze-dried and organic solvent pretreated Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. retains active ingredients, which has equivalent effects to the fresh product, meets the new uses of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract in the present invention, and is good for storage and transportation.
• the organic solvent treatment method is as follows: take Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., soak in an organic solvent, and dry.
• the mentioned organic solvent is ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, isopropanol and the like; preferably methanol or ethanol.
• the extract in the present invention may be administered via oral (including buccal or sublingual), nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal), or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional, intravenous, or intradermal injection or infusion) route.
• oral including buccal or sublingual
• nasal including buccal, sublingual or transdermal
• parenteral including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional, intravenous, or intradermal injection or infusion
• the fourth technical problem solved with the invention is providing pharmaceutical preparations prepared from the extract of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. in the present invention, i.e., a variety of preparations of different routes of administration by adding pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to the extract of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. in the present invention.
• the extract in the present invention can be prepared to conventional oral preparations, injection preparations and topical preparations by conventional methods.
• These preparations can be prepared with any method known in pharmaceutical technology, for example, being prepared by combining the active ingredient with the carrier or excipient.
• preparations administered via oral including buccal or sublingual), nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal), or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional, intravenous, or intradermal injection or infusion) route.
• oral including buccal or sublingual
• nasal including buccal, sublingual or transdermal
• parenteral including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional, intravenous, or intradermal injection or infusion
• compositions which are suitable for oral administration may be presented as individual units such as capsules, tablets, powders or granules; aqueous or non-aqueous liquid solutions, suspensions, oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil emulsions. It can be prepared as oral liquids in unit dosage form, such as solutions, syrups and elixirs. Syrups can be prepared by dissolving the compound in appropriately flavored aqueous solutions, and elixirs are prepared by non-toxic vehicles.
• Solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol and polyoxyethylene sorbitol ether
• preservatives such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol and polyoxyethylene sorbitol ether
• flavoring additives such as peppermint oil or natural sweeteners, or saccharin or other artificial sweeteners
• preparations in dosage form which are suitable for oral administration may be microencapsulated, and may also be prepared by coating or embedding particulate material in polymers, wax or the like for prolonged or sustained release.
• liposome delivery system such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar liposomes
• liposomes may be formed by a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
• compositions which are suitable for transdermal administration may be in the form of individual patches intended to remain close contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a longer period.
• Pharmaceutical preparations which are suitable for topical administration may be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, spray, aerosol, liniment or oil.
• the fifth technical problem solved with the invention is providing the new medicinal uses of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. in the present invention.
• the Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract including Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethanol extract, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethyl acetate extract, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. petroleum ether extract, all have good anti-fibrotic, anti-fungal, and anti-tumor activities, treat oral and digestive tract inflammation or (and) ulcer-related diseases, and have bi-directional immunomodulatory effects. It includes the above new pharmaceutical uses of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. extract alone or drug combination with main active ingredient of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract.
• Chinese traditional medicines and western medicines may be selected from: irinotecan, topotecan, camptothecin and analogs or metabolites, doxorubicin, etoposide, teniposide, daunorubicin, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulfan, tespamin, ifosfamide, carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozotocin, decarbazine, methotrexate, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, gemcitabine, fludarabine, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, pentostatin, hydroxyurea, paclitaxel, docetaxel and related analogs, vincristine, vinblastine and related analogs, thalidomide and related analogs, imatinib me
• the Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract in the present invention to prepare drugs with bi-directional immunomodulatory effects, specifically referring to applying to prepare drugs for compromised immune function or (and) autoimmune diseases, especially compromised immune function or (and) autoimmune diseases caused by immune dysfunction.
• the said compromised immune function caused by immune dysfunction includes susceptibility to colds, weakness, cancer, and AIDS
• said autoimmune diseases caused by immune dysfunction includes rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, hyperthyroidism, juvenile diabetes, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis, and chronic liver disease.
• the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. can be used as pharmaceutical raw material, preferably leaf as pharmaceutical raw material.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract may be prepared using the following method: take the fresh or freeze-dried product of the whole plant including whole root, stem and leaf, or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., pre-treat Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. fresh or freeze-dried product with an organic solvent for future use; when preparing, extract the above pre-treated Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir.
• Organic solvent extraction methods include, but are not limited to, conventional extraction methods in the field such as soak method, reflux method, and percolation method.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. prior to organic solvent treatment is preferably fresh or freeze-dried product.
• the said organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether, preferably 50-95% ethanol, more preferably 95% ethanol.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract is preferably prepared using the following method: take the whole plant of fresh Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., add 95% ethanol of 8-10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush the Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., add 95% ethanol of 6-10 times the weight, soak for 2-3 days, collect the extract liquid, recover the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated extract liquid, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethanol extract.
• the drying methods include, but are not limited to, reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and microwave drying.
• Extract the said Chinese traditional medicine extract with petroleum ether or ethyl acetate extract the said Chinese traditional medicine extract with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in sequence, recover solvents and freeze dry to obtain extracts at three polar parts, dissolve in isopropanol, and test its inhibitory effect on tumor cells.
• the results are that the Chinese traditional medicine extracts at petroleum ether part and ethyl acetate part have good anti-tumor activity while extract at n-butanol part has no anti-tumor activity, and extract at ethyl acetate part has better anti-tumor activity.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract include triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins.
• the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. can be used as pharmaceutical raw material, preferably leaf as pharmaceutical raw material.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract may be prepared using the following method: take the fresh or freeze-dried product of the whole plant including whole root, stem and leaf, or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., pre-treat Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. fresh or freeze-dried product with an organic solvent for future use; when preparing, extract the above pre-treated Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir.
• Organic solvent extraction methods include, but are not limited to, conventional extraction methods in the field such as soak method, reflux method, and percolation method.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. prior to organic solvent treatment is preferably fresh or freeze-dried product.
• the said organic solvent is selected from methanol and 10-100% ethanol, preferably 95% ethanol.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract is preferably prepared using the following method: take the whole plant of fresh Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., add 95% ethanol of 8-10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush the Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., add 95% ethanol of 6-10 times the weight, soak for 2-3 days, collect the extract liquid, recover the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated extract liquid, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethanol extract.
• the drying methods include, but are not limited to, reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and microwave drying.
• the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. can be used as pharmaceutical raw material, preferably leaf as pharmaceutical raw material.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract is prepared using the following method: take the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., add methanol or ethanol of 1-20 times of its volume, or further extract methanol or ethanol extract with ethyl acetate or petroleum ether; concentrate extract liquid, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. is preferably fresh product, freeze-dried product, or methanol or product treated with ethanol; the said extraction methods include soak, reflux, and percolation; the said drying methods include reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and microwave drying.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract includes triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, and glycosides and monomer of the triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract include Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. extract tablets, granules, ointments, gels, plastics, liniment, lotions and spray.
• the invention is providing Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract and preparations with antifungal activity in the application of antifungal activity.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract includes Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether or similar solvents extract.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. fresh product, freeze-dried product, methanol (ethanol) or other organic solvent pre-treated product is used as raw material to ensure the stability of active ingredients.
• the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. can be used as pharmaceutical raw material, preferably leaf as pharmaceutical raw material.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract is prepared using the following method: take the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir., add methanol or ethanol of 1-20 times of its volume, or further extract methanol or ethanol extract with ethyl acetate or petroleum ether; concentrate extract liquid, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. is preferably fresh product, freeze-dried product, or methanol, ethanol or isopropanol pre-treated product; the extraction methods include soak, reflux, and percolation; the drying methods include reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and microwave drying.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract, ingredients include triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, polysaccharides, celluloses and glycosides and monomers of triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract preparations include Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract tablets, capsules, pastes, granules, injections, suppositories, ointments, gels, plastics, liniments, lotions and sprays.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract it is used in preparation of drugs for compromised immune function related diseases or (and) autoimmune diseases, including using Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract alone or medicine compounds with Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract as the main active ingredient in the application of preparing drugs for compromised immune function related diseases or (and) autoimmune diseases.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract to prepare drugs for the treatment of oral and digestive tract inflammation or (and) ulcer
• the whole plant or any part of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. can be used as pharmaceutical raw material, preferably leaf as pharmaceutical raw material.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract is prepared using the following method: take fresh product of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. leaves, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. stems and leaves, or Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. whole plant, add methanol or ethanol of 1-20 times of its volume to extract; or further extract methanol or ethanol extract with ethyl acetate or petroleum ether; concentrate extract liquid, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract; ingredients include triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, polysaccharides, celluloses and glycosides and monomers of triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins.
• the said Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract preparations include tablets, capsules, pastes, granules, injections, suppositories, ointments, gels, plastics, liniments, lotions and sprays.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract includes using Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract alone or medicine compounds with Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract as the main active ingredient in the application of preparing drugs for treatment of oral and digestive tract inflammation or (and) ulcer.
• sample test solution take 1 g of the extract sample, dissolve in 25 ml of anhydrous ethanol, and centrifuge. Take 2 ml of the supernatant, dilute 5-fold with ethanol to a final concentration of 0.008 g/ml.
• ⁇ circle around (1) ⁇ a Dissolve 20 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 50 ml of water, dilute to 200 ml with ethanol, store in a cool place; b. dissolve 50 g of potassium hydroxide in a little water, add 500 ml of ethanol.
• ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇ Dissolve 10 g of ferric chloride (FeCl 3 .6H 2 O) in 20 ml 36% hydrochloric acid solution, add 200 ml of ethyl ether, shake well, and store in a sealed container.
• mix one portion of ⁇ circle around (1) ⁇ a. and 2 portions of ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇ b. filter the precipitate, and store the filtrate in a fridge. Apply the sample test solution on filter paper with a glass rod, spray a. b. mixture test solution, slightly dry, then spray test solution ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇ , and red color appears, indicating the presence of coumarins.
• ⁇ circle around (1) ⁇ Dissolve 0.35 g of paranitroaniline in 5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, add water to 50 ml; ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇ add 50 ml of water to 5 g of sodium nitrite. Take the same amount of ⁇ circle around (1) ⁇ , ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇ solutions, and mix in an ice-water bath for future use. Take a small amount of the sample, add diazonium reagent dropwise, and orange-red appears, indicating the presence of coumarins.
• Tumor cell lines used are the followings: cervical carcinoma cell line Hela; human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721; human lung carcinoma cell line A549; human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2; leukemia cell line K562; gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803;), centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 min, adjust precipitate cell concentration of cell suspension to 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml with corresponding culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and seed cells in 96-well culture plates.
• tumor cell lines used are the followings: cervical carcinoma cell line Hela; human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721; human lung carcinoma cell line A549; human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2; leukemia cell line K562; gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803;), centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 min, adjust precipitate cell concentration of cell suspension to 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml with corresponding culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and seed cells in 96-well culture plates.
• mice subcutaneously inject 0.2 ml of S180 suspension (about 1 ⁇ 10 6 tumor cells) in a routine way at the right anterior lobe. 24 hours after injection, mice are randomly grouped and numbered. There are 10 mice in the control groups, and 10 mice each in test groups of high dose, middle dose, and low dose. Mice in each group receive drugs via intragastric administration once a day for a total of 14 times. In positive control group, cyclophosphamide (85 mg/kg) is given daily, and the dose, frequency, time are identical with the test groups. 24 hours after the last administration, sacrifice the animals, weigh body weight, completely remove tumor lump, weigh, and calculate tumor inhibition rate, the results are shown in Table 3.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. stems and leaves, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight for reflux extraction, collect the extract liquid, recover ethanol at 60° C. under reduced pressure until no ethanol smell and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. ethanol extract.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. whole plant add methanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add methanol of 8 times the weight, soak for 2 days, collect the extract liquid, recover methanol at 40° C. under reduced pressure, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract. Disperse Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract in water, and extract with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in sequence, to obtain petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract.
• Embodiment 2 Take three portions of 0.1 g of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethyl acetate extract in Embodiment 2, precisely weigh, place in stoppered Erlenmeyer flasks, soak in 2 ml of 18% ammonia for 1 hour, add 30 ml of mixed solvent of ether 2-chloroform 2-ethanol (25:8:2.5), extract with ultrasound for 20 min, and pour the supernatant to a small conical flask, then add 30 ml of the above mixed solvent, cold soak for half an hour, then extract with ultrasound for 20 min, filter, wash the residues and filter paper with 15 ml of the same solvent in three times, combine the filtrates in a conical flask, evaporate in a 60° C.
• tumor cell lines used are the followings: cervical carcinoma cell line Hela; human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721; human lung carcinoma cell line A549; human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2; leukemia cell line K562; gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803;), centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 min, adjust precipitate cell concentration of cell suspension to 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml with corresponding culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and seed cells in 96-well culture plates.
• tumor cell lines used are the followings: cervical carcinoma cell line Hela; human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721; human lung carcinoma cell line A549; human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2; leukemia cell line K562; gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803;), centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 min, adjust precipitate cell concentration of cell suspension to 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml with corresponding culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and seed cells in 96-well culture plates.
• mice which are in good health conditions and received S180 tumor injection 8 days ago, disinfect abdominal skin, draw ascites, mix with normal saline as ratio of 1:4 (ascites volume:normal saline volume) to make suspension.
• model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• CTX positive control group
• ethyl acetate extract low-dose group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• ethanol extract group ethanol extract group
• methanol extract group methanol extract group
• petroleum ether extract group subcutaneously inject 0.2 m
• mice in control group and drug groups receive test substance or suspension via intragastric administration once a day for 14 consecutive days.
• CTX is administered intraperitoneally once every other day for a total of 7 times.
• mice which are in good health conditions and received Ehrlich ascites tumor injection 8 days ago, disinfect abdominal skin, draw ascites, mix with normal saline to 4 ⁇ 10 6 ml for future use.
• model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• CTX positive control group
• ethyl acetate extract low-dose group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• ethanol extract group ethanol extract group
• methanol extract group methanol extract group
• petroleum ether extract group subcutaneously inject 0.2 ml of the aforementioned suspension at the
• mice in control group and drug groups receive test substance or suspension via intragastric administration once a day, administer continuously until the animal is dying.
• CTX is administered intraperitoneally once every other day for a total of 7 times.
• the day of dying is calculated as survival time; after death, weigh, exhaust ascites, weigh again, and the difference is the weight of ascites. The results are shown in Table 7.
• mice which are in good health conditions and received S180 tumor injection 8 days ago, disinfect abdominal skin, draw ascites, mix with normal saline as ratio of 1:4 (ascites volume:normal saline volume) to make suspension.
• model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• positive control group cyclophosphamide, CTX
• ethyl acetate extract group paclitaxel group
• cinobufotalin group in combination with paclitaxel group
• cinobufotalin group in combination with paclitaxel group
• mice in control group and drug groups receive test substance or suspension via intragastric or intravenous administration once a day for 14 consecutive days.
• CTX is administered intraperitoneally once every other day for a total of 7 times.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. stems and leaves, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight for reflux extraction, collect the extract liquid, recover ethanol at 60° C. under reduced pressure until no ethanol smell to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. ethanol extract.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. whole plant add methanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add methanol of 8 times the weight, soak for 2 days, collect the extract liquid, recover methanol at 40° C. under reduced pressure, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract. Disperse Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract in water, and extract with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in sequence, to obtain petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract.
• Embodiment 2 Take three portions of 0.1 g of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. ethyl acetate extract in Embodiment 2, precisely weigh, place in stoppered Erlenmeyer flasks, soak in 2 ml of 18% ammonia for 1 hour, add 30 ml of mixed solvent of ether 2-chloroform 2-ethanol (25:8:2.5), extract with ultrasound for 20 min, and pour the supernatant to a small conical flask, then add 30 ml of the above mixed solvent, cold soak for half an hour, then extract with ultrasound for 20 min, filter, wash the residues and filter paper with 15 ml of the same solvent in three times, combine the filtrates in a conical flask, evaporate in a 60° C.
• rats in other groups receive subcutaneous injection of 1 ml/kg of 40% carbon tetrachloride in vegetable oil solution, 2 times a week for 3 consecutive months, while receiving high-fat diet and 5% ethanol aqueous solution.
• Test substance is given via intragastric administration once daily for 3 consecutive months.
• liver cells of rats in the model group show obvious water degeneration, obvious liver necrosis and fatty degeneration, with obvious liver fibrosis manifestations; compared to the model group, in Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract high-dose group and middle-dose group, the degree of liver cell water degeneration and fatty degeneration is significantly lower, suggesting that it has good inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis.
• mice receive trachea separation under anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg). Except the sham operation control group, rats in other groups receive injection of 5 mg/kg of bleomycin in 0.4 ml of normal saline solution, while rats in sham operation control group receive normal saline solution only. From the next day after surgery, test substance is given daily for 30 consecutive days. Sacrifice the animals by cervical dislocation, and take the lungs; some organs are homogenized for hydroxyproline content determination, and some are for pathological examination. The results of determined hydroxyproline content in lung tissue are shown in Table 10.
• rats in other groups receive subcutaneous injection of 1 ml/kg of 40% carbon tetrachloride in vegetable oil solution, 2 times a week for 3 consecutive months, while receiving high-fat diet and 5% ethanol aqueous solution.
• Test substance is given via intragastric administration once daily for 3 consecutive months.
• rats in other groups receive injection of 5 mg/kg of bleomycin in 0.4 ml of normal saline solution, while rats in sham operation control group receive normal saline solution only.
• test substance is given daily for 30 consecutive days. Sacrifice the animals by cervical dislocation, and take the lungs; some organs are homogenized for hydroxyproline content determination, and some are for pathological examination. The results of determined hydroxyproline content in lung tissue are shown in Table 12.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. stems and leaves, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight for reflux extraction, collect the extract liquid, recover ethanol at 60° C. under reduced pressure until no ethanol smell and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. ethanol extract.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. whole plant add methanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add methanol of 8 times the weight, soak for 2 days, collect the extract liquid, recover methanol at 40° C. under reduced pressure, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract. Disperse Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract in water, and extract with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in sequence, to obtain petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract.
• Average ⁇ ⁇ in ⁇ ⁇ vitro ⁇ ⁇ survival ⁇ ⁇ rate ⁇ ⁇ ( % ) Experimental ⁇ ⁇ group ⁇ ⁇ A ⁇ ⁇ value - Blank ⁇ ⁇ group ⁇ ⁇ A ⁇ ⁇ value Control ⁇ ⁇ group ⁇ ⁇ A ⁇ ⁇ value - Blank ⁇ ⁇ group ⁇ ⁇ A ⁇ ⁇ value ⁇ 100 ⁇ % ( 1 )
• the solution also contains 25 ⁇ g/ml ConA
• the blank group contains medium only.
• Take out the plate draw the liquids in wells, wash three times with PBS, add 100 ⁇ l of culture medium and 20 ⁇ l of MTT buffer (5 mg ⁇ ml ⁇ 1 ), and place in 37° C., 5% CO 2 incubator for 4 h.
• Take out the plate carefully draw the supernatant, add 150 ⁇ l of dimethylsulfoxide, place the plate on a microplate shaker, shake for 10 min so that the formed formazan particles are fully dissolved, and determine absorbance with microplate reader at wavelength of 490 nm.
• Relative ⁇ ⁇ proliferation ⁇ ⁇ rate ⁇ ⁇ ( % ) ( Experimental ⁇ ⁇ group - 1 ) ConA ⁇ ⁇ Control ⁇ ⁇ group ⁇ 100 ⁇ % ( 2 )
• the solution also contains 20 ⁇ g/ml LPS
• the blank group contains medium only.
• Take out the plate draw the liquids in wells, wash three times with PBS, add 100 ⁇ l of culture medium and 20 ⁇ l of MTT buffer (5 mg ⁇ ml ⁇ 1 ), and place in 37° C., 5% CO 2 incubator for 4 h.
• Take out the plate carefully draw the supernatant, add 150 ⁇ l of dimethylsulfoxide, place the plate on a microplate shaker, shake for 10 min so that the formed formazan particles are fully dissolved, and determine absorbance with microplate reader at wavelength of 490 nm.
• Extract group according to formula (1); Calculate proliferation rate of LPS-induced in vitro proliferation of splenocytes by Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract, according to formula (2).
• mice randomly divide into 8 groups with stratification of body weight, namely suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), positive control group (coriolus versicolor polysaccharide), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group.
• suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• positive control group coriolus versicolor polysaccharide
• ethyl acetate extract low-dose group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• ethanol extract group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• ethanol extract group ethanol extract group
• methanol extract group methanol extract group
• petroleum ether extract group ethyl acetate extract
• mice randomly divide into 8 groups with stratification of body weight, namely suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), positive control group (coriolus versicolor polysaccharide), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group.
• suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• positive control group coriolus versicolor polysaccharide
• ethyl acetate extract low-dose group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• ethanol extract group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• ethanol extract group ethanol extract group
• methanol extract group methanol extract group
• petroleum ether extract group ethyl acetate extract
• smear 25 ⁇ l of 1% 2,4-difluorophenyl nitrate (DNFB) solution take 100 mg of DNFB, add to the 1:1 acetone-vegetable oil mixture, mix well, and volume to 10 ml
• smear 10 ⁇ l of 1% DNFB solution on the left ear of mice
• 24 hours of the smear i.e., 1 hour after last administration, sacrifice the mice by cervical dislocation, weigh the ear and calculate the degree of ear edema.
• mice randomly divide into 8 groups with stratification of body weight, namely suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), enhancement effect positive control group (coriolus versicolor polysaccharide), Inhibition effect positive control group (Cyclophosphamide), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group. Except that the mice in inhibition effect positive control group receive one dose of subcutaneous injection at day 13, mice in other groups receive test substance or suspension via intragastric administration once a day for 14 consecutive days. At day 13 and 14, apply intraperitoneal injection of 6% starch solution respectively.
• suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• enhancement effect positive control group coriolus versicolor polysaccharide
• Inhibition effect positive control group Cyclophosphamide
• ethyl acetate extract low-dose group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• mice randomly divide into 8 groups with stratification of body weight, namely suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), enhancement effect positive control group (coriolus versicolor polysaccharide), Inhibition effect positive control group (Cyclophosphamide), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group. Except that the mice in inhibition effect positive control group receive one dose of subcutaneous injection at day 13, mice in other groups receive test substance or suspension via intragastric administration once a day for 14 consecutive days.
• suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• enhancement effect positive control group coriolus versicolor polysaccharide
• Inhibition effect positive control group Cyclophosphamide
• ethyl acetate extract low-dose group ethyl acetate extract high-dose group
• ethanol extract group ethanol extract group
• methanol extract group methanol
• smear 25 ⁇ l of 1% 2,4-difluorophenyl nitrate (DNFB) solution take 100 mg of DNFB, add to the 1:1 acetone-vegetable oil mixture, mix well, and volume to 10 ml
• smear 10 ⁇ l of 1% DNFB solution on the left ear of mice
• 24 hours of the smear i.e., 1 hour after last administration, sacrifice the mice by cervical dislocation, weigh the ear and calculate the degree of ear edema.
• mice randomly divide into 8 groups with stratification of body weight, namely suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), positive control group (tripterygium glycosides), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group. Except the suspension control group, mice in other groups receive intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml/body pristine, and test substance or suspension via intragastric administration once a day for 30 consecutive days. 24 h after last administration, draw 20 ⁇ l of orbital blood, centrifuge at 4° C. to separate the serum, and determine nti-dsDNA antibody level in serum by ELISA.
• suspension control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• positive control group tripterygium glycosides
• mice in other groups
• mice in other groups receive intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml/body 5% chicken erythrocytes in saline suspension, continue the drug administration until day 30 after the injection of pristine.
• 24 h after last administration draw 20 ⁇ l of orbital blood, add 1 ml of saline, then 0.5 ml of 4% chicken erythrocytes in saline suspension and 0.5 ml of 10% guinea pig serum respectively, after mixing, incubate at 37° C. for 0.5 h, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 min, draw 1 ml of the supernatant, add 3 ml of Drabkin's reagent, and perform colorimetry at 540 nm.
• ethyl acetate extract can effectively reduce such abnormally elevated hemolysin level, and 1.2 g/kg of ethanol, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts are similar to that of ethyl acetate extract, suggesting that the four extracts have significant inhibitory effect on abnormal immune hyperthyroidism.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. stems and leaves, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add 95% ethanol of 10 times the weight for reflux extraction, collect the extract liquid, recover ethanol at 60° C. under reduced pressure until no ethanol smell and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir. ethanol extract.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. whole plant add methanol of 10 times the weight, soak for one day, then crush, add methanol of 8 times the weight, soak for 2 days, collect the extract liquid, recover methanol at 40° C. under reduced pressure, and dry to obtain Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract. Disperse Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. methanol extract in water, and extract with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in sequence, to obtain petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract.
• mice randomly divide into 8 groups with stratification of body weight, namely model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), positive control group(ranitidine), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract middle-dose group, ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group.
• model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth
• ethyl acetate extract low-dose group ethyl acetate extract middle-dose group
• ethyl acetate extract high-dose group ethanol extract group
• ethanol extract group methanol extract group
• petroleum ether extract group petroleum ether extract group
• mice randomly divide into 9 groups with stratification of body weight, namely sham operation group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), positive control group (dexamethasone), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract middle-dose group,ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group. After the animals are fasted for 24 h, perform anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital. Except the sham operation group, perform coloclysis with TNBS and 40% ethanol, and replicate experimental colitis model; 6 h after model construction, administer test substance.
• TNBS induced experimental colitis in rats may manifest as increased inflammatory cells, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and ulcer on colon surface.
• ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the increase of leukocyte and proinflammatory cytokines TNF- ⁇ , and reduce the formation of ulcers; the effect of 1.2 g/kg of ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether extracts is similar to that of ethyl acetate extract, suggesting that the four extracts have good anti-colitis effect.
• mice randomly divide into 10 groups with stratification of body weight, namely normal control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), positive control group (Sanjiuweitai particle), ethyl acetate extract low-dose group, ethyl acetate extract middle-dose group,ethyl acetate extract high-dose group, ethanol extract group, methanol extract group, and petroleum ether extract group. All animals receive intragastric administration of 0.02% ammonia once daily for 90 consecutive days; meanwhile, animals receive intragastric administration of test substance once daily for 90 consecutive days. On the next day after the last drug administration, sacrifice the animals by cervical dislocation.
• stomach wall of the lesser curvature fix with 10% formalin, paraffin-embed, slice, HE and PAS stain.
• HE staining slice observe inflammatory reactions and score, and measure mucosal thickness of the gastric body; on PAS staining slice, measure the thickness of positive layer and characteristic mucus layer.
• mice Take 50 SD mice, randomly divide into 5 groups with stratification of body weight, namely model control group (0.5% mucilage tragacanth), positive control group(ranitidine), ethyl acetate extract group, Sanjiuweitai particle group and combined application group.
• mice receive test substance via intragastric administration once a day for 3 consecutive days. 1 h after the last administration, perform pylorus ligation, 15 hours after the surgery, sacrifice the animals by cervical dislocation, take out the stomach, fix with 1% formaldehyde for 20 min, then dissect, observe the extent of mucosal damage by stereoscopic microscope, and calculate ulcer index and ulcer inhibition rate.
• Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour) Poir. extract and the raw medicine material, Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir., have significant anti-tumor activity, antifungal activity, anti-fibrotic activity and, bi-directional immunomodulatory effects, as well as the effects in treatment of oral and gastrointestinal inflammation or/and ulcer.

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