US20120010036A1 - Bicycle Transmission Systems - Google Patents

Bicycle Transmission Systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120010036A1
US20120010036A1 US13/147,948 US201013147948A US2012010036A1 US 20120010036 A1 US20120010036 A1 US 20120010036A1 US 201013147948 A US201013147948 A US 201013147948A US 2012010036 A1 US2012010036 A1 US 2012010036A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bicycle
motor
gear
transmission system
generators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/147,948
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Moeller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexxtdrive Ltd
Original Assignee
Nexxtdrive Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nexxtdrive Ltd filed Critical Nexxtdrive Ltd
Assigned to NEXXTDRIVE LIMITED reassignment NEXXTDRIVE LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MOELLER, FRANK H.
Publication of US20120010036A1 publication Critical patent/US20120010036A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/55—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at crank shafts parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • B62M11/145—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears built in, or adjacent to, the bottom bracket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/48—Drive Train control parameters related to transmissions
    • B60L2240/486—Operating parameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • Bicycle transmission systems conventionally include a sprocket wheel connected to rotate with the bicycle pedals, a further sprocket wheel connected to rotate with the rear wheel and a continuous chain passing around both sprocket wheels for transmitting the propulsive force exerted on the pedals to the rear wheel.
  • Hub gears are essentially a gearset accommodated within the hub of the rear wheel with an input connected to the rear sprocket wheel and an output connected to the rear wheel.
  • Such transmission systems are selectively switchable to provide three or more different transmission ratios.
  • Derailleur gears include two or more sprocket wheels of different size connected to the rear wheel and/or to the pedal cranks and a mechanism arranged to selectively move the bicycle chain laterally from one sprocket wheel to another.
  • the known transmission systems do not provide an infinitely variable transmission ratio but a finite number of fixed transmission ratios.
  • a bicycle transmission of infinitely variable transmission ratio is available from a company by the name of Fallbrook Technologies under the name of NuVinci. This includes input and output discs in rolling contact with large balls which may be tilted, thereby altering the effective radius of the points of contact between the balls and the discs and thus also altering the transmission ratio between the two discs.
  • This transmission is complex and bulky and also does not inherently permit the additional introduction of power produced by a motor and the combination of that power with the power generated by the user.
  • Motor vehicle transmission systems are also known of the type comprising an epicyclic gearset, of which two shafts constitute the input and output and are thus connected, in use, to the crankshaft of the vehicle engine and to the wheels of the vehicle, respectively, and two shafts are connected to the rotors of respective electrical machines constituting motor/generators.
  • the stator connections of the two electrical machines are connected together via a controller arranged to control the electrical power transmitted between them and to and from an electric storage medium, such as a battery.
  • one of the electrical machines acts as a generator and the power it generates is transmitted to the other machine, which operates as a motor. Power is thus transmitted through such transmission systems both mechanically and electrically and variation in the proportion of the power that is transmitted electrically will result in progressive variation in the transmission ratio.
  • Such transmission systems which are sometimes referred to as power split transmissions, are therefore of infinitely variable transmission ratio.
  • a bicycle transmission system includes an input constituted by a bicycle crankshaft, which is connected, in use, to the pedals of a bicycle, and an output, which is connected, in use, to a bicycle sprocket wheel, the input and output being connected to respective shafts of a three branch epicyclic gearset including a sun gear which is in mesh with a plurality of planet gears, which are rotatably carried by a common planet carrier and are in mesh with an annulus gear, and first and second electric motor/generators, the rotors of which are connected to respective shafts of the gearset via respective step-up gearing with step-up ratios of at least 5 and at least 8 and preferably at least 10, respectively, and the electrical connections of the stators of which are connected together via a controller arranged to selectively control the electrical power transmitted between them, the R o ratio of the gearset, that is to say the ratio of the speed of the annulus gear to the speed of the sun gear when the planet carrier is held stationary, being between ⁇ 2
  • the transmission system in accordance with the present invention is of split power type but it is found surprisingly that it is not only extremely effective but also that it may be small enough and light enough to be readily accommodated on a bicycle.
  • the small size of the transmission system is made possible by the fact that the R o ratio of the gearset is between ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 and it is found in practice that R o values greater than ⁇ 4 result in the gearset being unacceptably large.
  • the two motor/generators may be connected via the controller to an electric storage medium, such as a battery which may be arranged to selectively direct electrical power from the battery to one or even both motor/generators to cause them to operate as motors and thus to provide some or even all of the propulsive power needed to drive the bicycle.
  • an electric storage medium such as a battery which may be arranged to selectively direct electrical power from the battery to one or even both motor/generators to cause them to operate as motors and thus to provide some or even all of the propulsive power needed to drive the bicycle. It is therefore proposed that the controller is programmed selectively to direct electrical power from an electric battery to at least one of the motor/generators to cause it to operate as a motor.
  • the controller is also programmed selectively to direct electrical power from that motor/generator which is operating as a generator to an electric battery to recharge it.
  • one of the motor/generators will normally operate as a generator and the power which it produces is directed by the controller to the other motor/generator, which operates as a motor.
  • the amount of electrical power transferred between the two motor/generators will be controlled by the user, e.g. by means of an infinitely variable gear lever on the bicycle handlebars, and this will result in the transmission ratio changing progressively to the instantaneously desired value.
  • the change in transmission ratio may be effected automatically by the controller, e.g. in dependence on the effort exerted by the user, which may be sensed by a torque sensor associated with the bicycle crankshaft.
  • the transmission ratio is therefore infinitely variable and may be set at whatever value the user requires and is not limited to one of the relatively small number of discrete values available with the known bicycle transmission systems.
  • the input is connected to the planet carrier and the sun gear is rotatable with respect to the input and is connected to the first motor/generator via step-up gearing with a step-up ratio of at least 5 and the annulus gear is connected to the second motor/generator via step-up gearing with a step-up ratio of at least 8.
  • gear teeth are integrally formed on the input, that is to say on the bicycle crankshaft, which teeth are in mesh with gear teeth on the planet carrier.
  • the rotors of the first and second motor/generator are connected to a respective pinion gear in mesh with gear teeth on the sun gear and annulus gear, respectively.
  • the present invention also embraces a transmission system of the type referred to above in situ on a bicycle, the crankshaft being connected to the pedals of the bicycle to be rotated thereby and the output being connected to a bicycle sprocket wheel.
  • a chain will be in mesh with that sprocket wheel and with a further sprocket wheel connected to rotate with the rear wheel of the bicycle.
  • the transmission system includes an input shaft 2 , which constitutes the crankshaft of a bicycle. This crankshaft is connected, in use, to the pedals of the bicycle but only a portion 4 of the shafts of the pedals is shown.
  • the transmission is enclosed within an outer housing 6 and the crankshaft is mounted to rotate with respect to that housing by means of two bearings 8 .
  • Formed integrally with the crankshaft 2 is a circumferential array of gear teeth 10 , which are in mesh with complementary gear teeth formed on the planet carrier of an epicyclic gearset.
  • the planet carrier 12 carries a number of planet shafts 14 , each of which rotatably carries a respective rotatable planet gear 16 .
  • the planet gears 16 are in mesh with teeth formed on a sun gear 18 , which is rotatable with respect to the crankshaft 2 , and with teeth formed on an annulus gear 20 .
  • the transmission system also includes a first motor/generator 22 and a second motor/generator 24 .
  • the rotors of these two motor/generators carry respective pinion gears 26 , 28 .
  • These two pinion gears are in mesh with teeth formed on the sun gear 18 and the annulus gear 20 , respectively.
  • the two pinion gears are of relatively small diameter compared to the sun gear and annulus gear and the connection of the pinions therefore constitutes step-up gearing.
  • the step-up ratio between the sun gear 18 and the motor/generator 22 is at least 5 and is in this case 8 .
  • the step-up ratio between the annulus gear and the pinion 28 is at least 10 and is in this case 12 .
  • the electrical stator connections of the two motor/generators are connected together via a controller 30 , which is arranged to control the electrical power transferred between the two motor/generators, in this case in response to the position of a movable gear lever or transmission ratio lever mounted on the handlebars of the bicycle.
  • the controller is also connected to a rechargeable electric battery 31 .
  • the annulus gear 20 is connected to rotate with an annular output member 32 , which is connected to rotate with a bicycle sprocket wheel 34 of conventional type.
  • a bicycle chain (not shown) will pass over and be in mesh with both the sprocket wheel 34 and also a further sprocket wheel (not shown) connected to rotate with the rear wheel of the bicycle.
  • the user rotates the pedals of the bicycle in the usual manner and this rotational movement is transmitted to the epicyclic gearset and the sun gear 18 and annulus gear 20 thus rotate also and the sprocket wheel 34 rotates with the annulus gear 20 .
  • the sun gear 18 and annulus gear 20 necessarily rotate relatively slowly, the step-up gearing between them and the two motor/generators 22 , 24 , means that these two electrical machines rotate relatively rapidly.
  • One of them normally operates as a generator and the power which it generates is directed by the controller 30 to the other machine, which acts as a motor.
  • the speed of the annulus gear 20 and thus the transmission ratio of the transmission may be varied at will by the user by controlling the controller 30 to transmit a desired amount of electrical power from one machine to the other.
  • the control system to cause electrical power to be drawn from the battery 31 and directed to that electrical machine which is operating as a motor, thereby adding mechanical power to the transmission system resulting either in the bicycle moving more rapidly or in the amount of effort that must be exerted by the user to maintain a constant speed being reduced. If the user should operate the bicycle brake, this is communicated to the controller which then directs electrical power from that electrical machine which is operating as a generator to the battery 31 in order to recharge it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
US13/147,948 2009-02-12 2010-02-09 Bicycle Transmission Systems Abandoned US20120010036A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0902356.5 2009-02-12
GBGB0902356.5A GB0902356D0 (en) 2009-02-12 2009-02-12 Bicycle transmission systems
PCT/GB2010/000223 WO2010092331A1 (en) 2009-02-12 2010-02-09 Bicycle transmission systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120010036A1 true US20120010036A1 (en) 2012-01-12

Family

ID=40548103

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/147,948 Abandoned US20120010036A1 (en) 2009-02-12 2010-02-09 Bicycle Transmission Systems
US13/148,635 Active 2030-02-23 US8550199B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2010-02-12 Bicycle transmission system

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/148,635 Active 2030-02-23 US8550199B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2010-02-12 Bicycle transmission system

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US20120010036A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2218634B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5631899B2 (de)
CN (2) CN102317145B (de)
AT (1) ATE542736T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2382316T3 (de)
GB (1) GB0902356D0 (de)
WO (2) WO2010092331A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

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US20150122565A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2015-05-07 E2 Drives Sa Power train for a pedal vehicle
US20150158550A1 (en) * 2012-08-17 2015-06-11 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Power-assisted bicycle
US20150204695A1 (en) * 2012-07-28 2015-07-23 Qiang Huang Power-assisted bicycle having sensor with multiple magnet positions and magnetic fluxes unevenly distributed in shell
US10882583B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2021-01-05 Shimano Inc. Bicycle apparatus
US11300184B1 (en) * 2020-11-16 2022-04-12 Trinity Innovative Solutions, Llc Variable output transmission
US11453460B2 (en) * 2018-03-06 2022-09-27 Brose Antriebstechnik GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Berlin Drive system
US11459060B2 (en) * 2015-07-31 2022-10-04 Ebike Systems Ltd Method of controlling an electromechanical drive mechanism

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DE102010028645B4 (de) * 2010-05-06 2022-01-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Steuerungsvorrichtung zur Betätigung einer elektrischen Bremse eines Elektrofahrrads, Energieversorgungsvorrichtung mit der Steuerungsvorrichtung und elektrischer Antriebsstrang zum Antrieb eines Elektrofahrrads
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JP5566975B2 (ja) 2011-08-29 2014-08-06 株式会社シマノ 自転車用制御装置
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KR101366557B1 (ko) * 2012-09-19 2014-02-26 주식회사 만도 전기 자전거 구동 장치
KR20140038056A (ko) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-28 주식회사 만도 전기자전거용 구동 유닛
KR101309514B1 (ko) * 2012-09-19 2013-10-14 주식회사 만도 전기 자전거 구동 장치
KR20140038043A (ko) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-28 주식회사 만도 전기 자전거 구동 장치
CN102874371B (zh) * 2012-10-09 2017-07-14 天津市松正电动汽车技术股份有限公司 一种电动车调速系统及其方法
GB201219062D0 (en) 2012-10-23 2012-12-05 Nexxtdrive Ltd Hubs incorporating a variable ratio transmission system
KR101489933B1 (ko) * 2013-08-12 2015-02-04 주식회사 하이코어 입력 합성 기어 시스템
DE102013100088A1 (de) * 2013-01-07 2014-07-10 Rolf Strothmann Zur Bewegung durch Muskelkraft vorgesehene Vorrichtung, insbesondere Fahrzeug
DE102013206713A1 (de) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Motorisch und mit Muskelkraft betreibbares Fahrzeug
DE102013208575A1 (de) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fahrrad mit Einrichtung zur Verbesserung des runden Tritts
TWI558613B (zh) * 2013-05-13 2016-11-21 達方電子股份有限公司 電動助力車之自動調整方法
EP3009295A4 (de) 2013-06-14 2017-07-05 Microspace Corporation Motorantriebssteuerungsvorrichtung
DE212014000150U1 (de) * 2013-07-08 2016-02-17 Efneo Sp. Z.O.O. Drehmomentübertragungsring
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US20120012412A1 (en) 2012-01-19
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CN102317145A (zh) 2012-01-11
EP2218634B1 (de) 2012-01-25
EP2218635B1 (de) 2012-08-15
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CN102348597B (zh) 2014-03-19
ATE542736T1 (de) 2012-02-15

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