US20110165259A1 - Composite organic compound powder for medical use, method for producing same and suspension of same - Google Patents

Composite organic compound powder for medical use, method for producing same and suspension of same Download PDF

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US20110165259A1
US20110165259A1 US13/063,026 US200913063026A US2011165259A1 US 20110165259 A1 US20110165259 A1 US 20110165259A1 US 200913063026 A US200913063026 A US 200913063026A US 2011165259 A1 US2011165259 A1 US 2011165259A1
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organic compound
fine
medical use
compound powder
pulverizing
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Takashi Hirokawa
Takahiro Tada
Jun Nihira
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Activus Pharma Co Ltd
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Activus Pharma Co Ltd
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Assigned to ACTIVUS PHARMA CO., LTD. reassignment ACTIVUS PHARMA CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NIHIRA, JUN, HIROKAWA, TAKASHI, TADA, TAKAHIRO
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/222—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin with compounds having aromatic groups, e.g. dipivefrine, ibopamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4174—Arylalkylimidazoles, e.g. oxymetazolin, naphazoline, miconazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
    • A61K31/573—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
    • A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite organic compound powder for medical use containing poorly water-soluble organic compound particles, a method for producing the same, and a suspension in which the composite organic compound powder for medical use is dispersed.
  • bioavailability for a formulation is very important in medical practice and pharmaceutical production because it reduces the dosage and thereby results in decreased side effects on the living body.
  • bioavailability for a formulation depends on the physicochemical properties, dosage form and route of administration of the drug.
  • an oral formulation has the advantages of being convenient and causing little distress compared to an injectable (parenteral) preparation, it has the disadvantage of providing low bioavailability.
  • the oral formulation enters the intestine through the stomach and duodenum, is absorbed mainly from the intestinal tract into the blood, and is transported to the liver through the portal vein.
  • the oral formulation is partly decomposed by undergoing the action of gastric acid and the like or converted into a totally different substance by being metabolized in the liver during the course of passing through such a long route.
  • One of the major reasons for the low bioavailability is that the oral formulation is less easily absorbed from digestive organs such as the intestine.
  • To enhance the bioavailability for a formulation it is necessary to decrease the size of the organic compound with medicinal ingredients to a level required to facilitate the absorption of the compound from the digestive organs into the blood.
  • a formulation containing the poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble organic compound as a medicinal ingredient has previously been administered to the living body by decreasing the size of the organic compound using a method involving dissolving the organic compound in an organic solvent before dispensing, a method involving subjecting the organic compound to thermal dissolution before bringing the compound into emulsion (see e.g., Patent Literatures 1 and 2), a method involving converting the organic compound into fine grains having a size of the order of micron followed by mixing with water, or the like.
  • an organic solvent dissolving an organic compound can cause a medically undesirable event; thus, it is required to minimize the use of such an organic solvent.
  • many of the organic compounds having medicinal ingredients each have almost the same melting point as the decomposition point thereof; thus, these organic compounds are liable to be decomposed at the same time as they are thermally dissolved and thereby to be changed into compounds incapable of being medicinal ingredients.
  • another problem is that it is difficult to use the method of thermal dissolution for organic compounds having high melting points.
  • a so-called solvent salt milling method which is a method for finely pulverizing a pigment, which involves subjecting crude dioxazine to wet fine-pulverizing in an inorganic salt and an organic liquid of an alcohol or a polyol (see e.g., Patent Literature 5).
  • a fine-pulverizing method using a hard medium as in the bead mill and the rotary ball mill has a problem that when fine-pulverized, organic compound particles are contaminated with the hard medium and a wear powder generated from the worn-out mill container.
  • the solvent salt milling method uses a salt as a fine-pulverizing tool; thus, even if the salt is worn or crushed in fine-pulverizing organic compound particles, the salt can be washed away with water after fine-pulverizing.
  • this method has the advantage of being less likely to pose a problem of contamination compared to the above fine-pulverizing method using a hard medium.
  • the solvent salt milling method is useful as a method for fine-pulverizing organic pigments such as dioxazine and copper phthalocyanine
  • organic compounds as active ingredients for pharmaceuticals are required to be fine-pulverized while keeping their crystal forms; however, since dissolution of such an organic compound in a medium liquid brings about dissolution and re-crystallization even with a trace amount, thereby resulting in a crystal form that is different from the form prior to fine-pulverizing, or an amorphous form, the selection of the medium liquid is known to be very difficult (Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, Vol.
  • An organic compound for medical use often has significantly different characteristics such as a sparse crystalline lattice, a low melting point or high solubility in solvents compared to a pigment.
  • the organic compound has been believed to be dissolved in the solvent and incapable of being finely pulverized.
  • the present inventors attempted to pulverize finely an organic compound for medical use by mixing a salt therewith, and succeeded in finding a method capable of fine-pulverizing the compound to a level useful for a medicine.
  • the following improvements are required in converting an organic compound for medical use into fine grains. That is, the following three points are required: 1) further enhancing a fine-pulverizing efficiency, 2) preventing the resultant fine grains from re-aggregating, and 3) preventing the reduction of the recovery rate of the nanonized organic compound for medical use.
  • the conversion of an organic compound for medical use into fine grains to a nano level may lead to the dissolution of the organic compound for medical use, even if poorly water-soluble, in washing water due to the increased specific surface area thereof.
  • a poorly water-soluble substance is classified into two types: water-insoluble and very slightly water-soluble. The latter includes a substance capable of being dissolved when sufficient time is taken; this substance is classified as the poorly water-soluble substance when its dissolution time is so long that it is unsuitable for industrial use.
  • an increase in the specific surface area due to the conversion into fine grains may increase the contacting surface with water and raise the dissolution rate.
  • Stably dispersed nanoparticles become very difficult to collect in the “filtration (separation)-washing step” because of their microscopic configuration. This is because they pass through a filter or the like in the filtration step and are not sufficiently precipitated in the centrifugation step.
  • the high fine-pulverizing efficiency, high redispersibility and high collection efficiency represent mutually contradictory demands.
  • the present invention has been made to meet such demands and is intended to provide a medicine which has low contamination with a fine-pulverizing medium, is safe and has improved bioavailability.
  • a carboxyvinyl polymer can be added to an organic compound powder, followed by fine-pulverizing the mixture to pulverize the organic compound powder with a high efficiency, and that the salt and the polyol can be removed after fine-pulverizing to produce an organic compound powder which has an extremely small average particle diameter and a form in which the surface of each particle of the organic compound is partly or entirely covered by the carboxyvinyl polymer while keeping its crystal structure.
  • the present inventors have found that a lecithin can be added to the organic compound converted into grains, which is then subjected to mixing treatment to produce an organic compound powder rich in dispersibility and excellent in collection efficiency, thereby accomplishing the superior present invention.
  • the carboxyvinyl polymer can be added or not added in adding the lecithin.
  • the present invention relates to a composite organic compound powder for medical use which has the surface of particles of a poorly water-soluble and crystalline organic compound partly or entirely covered by a carboxyvinyl polymer and is 400 nm or less in the average particle diameter of the particles in a form covered by the carboxyvinyl polymer, converted from the BET specific surface area, to a suspension containing the powder, and to a fine-pulverizing method for obtaining the powder.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for adding a lecithin to an organic compound converted into grains, followed by mixing treatment to produce a composite organic compound powder for medical use having an average particle diameter of 400 nm or less and a suspension containing the powder and to obtain the powder with high collection efficiency.
  • the present invention is as follows.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention has the surface of particles of a poorly water-soluble and crystalline organic compound partly or entirely covered by a carboxyvinyl polymer and is 400 nm or less in the average particle diameter of the particles in a form covered by the carboxyvinyl polymer, converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the organic compound is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of fenofibrate, felbinac, pranlukast hydrate, miconazole, fluticasone propionate, indomethacin, amphotericin B, aciclovir, nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, dipyridamole, disopyramide, prazosin hydrochloride, prednisolone, cortisone acetate, dexamethasone, betamethasone, beclometasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluocinolone acetonide, naproxen, ketoprofen, 7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamoylamino)-8-octyloxy-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone, phenyloin, phenacemide, ethotoin, primidone, diazepam,
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use is preferably fenofibrate powder which is 50 to 400 nm in the average particle diameter converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use is also preferably felbinac powder which is 50 to 400 nm in the average particle diameter converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use is also preferably pranlukast hydrate powder which is 20 to 70 nm in the average particle diameter converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use is also preferably miconazole powder which is 50 to 300 nm in the average particle diameter converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use is also preferably fluticasone propionate powder which is 20 to 100 nm in the average particle diameter converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use is also preferably indomethacin powder which is 20 to 120 nm in the average particle diameter converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention further has a lecithin on the surface of the carboxyvinyl polymer or the organic compound particles.
  • the present invention is a suspension in which the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to item (9) is dispersed.
  • the method for producing a composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention comprises: mixing a poorly water-soluble and crystalline organic compound powder, a physiologically acceptable salt, a physiologically acceptable polyol, and a carboxyvinyl polymer and fine-pulverizing the organic compound powder; and removing at least the salt and the polyol after fine-pulverizing.
  • the method for producing a composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention further comprises the step of adding a lecithin during or after fine-pulverizing.
  • the organic compound powder is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of fenofibrate, felbinac, pranlukast hydrate, miconazole, fluticasone propionate, indomethacin, amphotericin B, aciclovir, nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, dipyridamole, disopyramide, prazosin hydrochloride, prednisolone, cortisone acetate, dexamethasone, betamethasone, beclometasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluocinolone acetonide, naproxen, ketoprofen, 7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamoylamino)-3-octyloxy-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone, phenyloin, phenacemide, ethotoin, primidone, diazep
  • the salt is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium malate, sodium citrate, disodium citrate, sodium dihydrogen citrate, potassium dihydrogen citrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
  • the polyol is preferably glycerin, propylene glycol, or polyethylene glycol.
  • the salt and the polyol are preferably sodium chloride and glycerin, respectively.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention comprises composite particles in which a lecithin is carried on the surface of particles of a poorly water-soluble organic compound, or composite particles in which the organic compound and the lecithin form a composite at a nano level.
  • the composite particles constituting the powder preferably have an average particle diameter of 400 nm or less as calculated in terms of volume.
  • the organic compound is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of fenofibrate, felbinac, pranlukast hydrate, miconazole, fluticasone propionate, indomethacin, amphotericin B, aciclovir, nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, dipyridamole, disopyramide, prazosin hydrochloride, prednisolone, cortisone acetate, dexamethasone, betamethasone, beclometasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluocinolone acetonide, naproxen, ketoprofen, 7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamoylamino)-3-octyloxy-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone, phenyloin, phenacemide, ethotoin, primidone, diazepam
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use is also preferably a powder of at least any one of amphotericin B, aciclovir and indomethacin having an average particle diameter of 50 to 250 nm.
  • the present invention is also a suspension in which the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to at least any one of items (17) to (19) is dispersed.
  • the method for producing a composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention comprises: mixing a poorly water-soluble organic compound powder, a physiologically acceptable salt, and a physiologically acceptable polyol and fine-pulverizing the organic compound powder; and removing at least the salt and the polyol after fine-pulverizing.
  • the method for producing the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention further comprises the step of adding a lecithin during or after fine-pulverizing.
  • the “average particle diameter converted from the BET specific surface area” is calculated by converting a value of the specific surface area measured by the BET flow method (one-point type) to the diameter of a hypothetical spherical particle.
  • the following formula 1 is a conversion formula for converting a value of the specific surface area to the diameter.
  • D is an average particle diameter
  • ⁇ is a solid density
  • S is a specific surface area
  • ⁇ is a shape factor.
  • ⁇ 6 for spherical particles.
  • the BET flow method is preferably a method for measuring the specific surface area by the following procedure.
  • a mixed gas of nitrogen and helium is flowed into a cell in which a sample to be measured is placed, followed by cooling the sample with liquid nitrogen. Then, only nitrogen gas adsorbs to the surface of the sample. Subsequently, when the cell is returned to ordinary temperature, the desorption of the gas occurs. During the desorption of gas, the proportion of nitrogen gas in the mixed gas flowing through one detector becomes larger than the proportion of nitrogen gas flowing through another detector. The difference between signals from these detectors represents the adsorption amount, enabling the measurement of the specific surface area.
  • the “poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use” according to the present invention preferably has a melting point of 80 to 400° C.
  • the melting point of the poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use according to the present invention is preferably 80 to 360° C., more preferably 80 to 320° C., most preferably 80 to 280° C.
  • “poorly water-soluble” means that the solubility of an organic compound in water is low to such an extent that the compound is affected when used as a pharmaceutical, and as described above includes both the property of being insoluble in water and the property of being very slightly soluble. On the concept of poor water solubility in pharmaceuticals, a pharmacopeial description in each country may be referred to.
  • the solubility of a poorly water-soluble organic compound in water may be about 1 mg/ml, or less at a common handling temperature for organic compounds for medical use, e.g., around the room temperature of 25° C.; it is preferably 0.5 mg/mL or less, more preferably 0.3 mg/mL, most preferably 0.1 mg/ml, or less.
  • the “poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use” is also preferably a crystalline poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use.
  • crystalline is a form in which molecules are regularly arranged; whether or not a substance is crystalline can be examined using a method known to those skilled in the art, such as thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and electronic diffraction.
  • the crystalline poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use employed in the method of the present invention is also preferably an organic compound having a more distinct crystalline form.
  • the “poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use” also includes an amorphous organic compound without an essential requirement for being crystalline.
  • the poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use may be a natural product or a synthetic product.
  • the natural product can include organic compounds derived from animals, organic compounds derived from plants, or organic compounds derived from microorganisms such as yeast.
  • the poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use according to the present invention may be one organic compound or a mixture of two or more organic compounds.
  • Examples of the poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use can include fenofibrate, felbinac, pranlukast hydrate, miconazole, fluticasone propionate, indomethacin, amphotericin B, aciclovir, nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, dipyridamole, disopyramide, prazosin hydrochloride, prednisolone, cortisone acetate, dexamethasone, betamethasone, beclometasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluocinolone acetonide, naproxen, ketoprofen, 7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamoylamino)-3-octyloxy-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone, phenyloin, phenacemide, ethotoin, primidone, diazepam, n
  • composition for medical use is not particularly limited provided that it is used to treat, prevent or diagnose humans or animals.
  • the composition for medical use according to the present invention may be administered to the inside, surface or the like of the human or animal body, or used to treat a blood, a urea, or the like collected from a human or an animal outside the body.
  • composition for medical use can include an antipyretic agent, an analgesic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antigout agent, a therapeutic agent for hyperuricemia, a hypnotic agent, a sedative agent, an anti-anxiety agent, an antipsychotic agent, an antidepressant, an antimanic agent, a psychostimulant, an antiepileptic agent, a muscle relaxant, a therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease, an autonomic agent, a cerebral circulation and metabolism improver, a therapeutic agent for allergy, a cardiotonic agent, an antianginal agent, a beta blocker, a Ca-antagonist, an antiarrhythmic agent, an antidiuretic agent, a diuretic agent, a hypotensive agent, a therapeutic agent for peripheral circulation disorder, an agent for hyperlipidemia, a hypertensive agent, a respiratory stimulant, a bronchodilator, a therapeutic agent for asthma, an antitussive agent, an expectorant, a therapeutic
  • the carboxyvinyl polymer may have a form covering a part but not all of the particle surface of the poorly water-soluble and crystalline organic compound, or completely covering the particle surface.
  • the lecithin may be present directly on the surface of the organic compound particle, or present on the surface of the carboxyvinyl polymer.
  • physiologically acceptable means being probably ingestible without any particular physiological problem; whether or not a substance is a physiologically acceptable substance is appropriately determined by the subject organism species of ingestion, the form of ingestion, and the like.
  • physiologically acceptable solvent include the substances approved as additives or solvents for pharmaceuticals or food products, and the like.
  • a medicine which has low contamination with a fine-pulverizing medium, is safe and has improved bioavailability.
  • FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of felbinac obtained under conditions of Example 2.
  • FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph in which a part of the field of view shown in FIG. 1 is enlarged (magnification: 20,000-fold).
  • FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of felbinac obtained under conditions of Comparative Example 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph in which a part of the field of view shown in FIG. 3 is enlarged (magnification: 20,000-fold).
  • FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of fluticasone propionate obtained under conditions of Example 5.
  • FIG. 6 is an SEM photograph in which a part of the field of view shown in FIG. 5 is enlarged (magnification: 20,000-fold).
  • FIG. 7 is an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of fluticasone propionate obtained under conditions of Comparative Example 5.
  • FIG. 8 is an SEM photograph in which a part of the field of view shown in FIG. 7 is enlarged (magnification: 20,000-fold).
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to a preferable embodiment has the surface of particles of a poorly water-soluble and crystalline organic compound partly or entirely covered by a carboxyvinyl polymer and is 400 nm or less in the average particle diameter of the particles in a form covered by the carboxyvinyl polymer, converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to a preferable embodiment further has a lecithin on the surface of the carboxyvinyl polymer or the organic compound powder.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to this embodiment is particles in a form having a lecithin on the particle surface of the organic compound or in a form in which the organic compound and the lecithin form a composite, and also includes that having an average particle diameter of 400 nm or less as calculated in terms of volume.
  • Examples of the organic compound used in the composite organic compound powder for medical use include fenofibrate (melting point: 80 to 83° C.), felbinac (melting point: 163 to 166° C.), pranlukast hydrate (melting point: 231 to 235° C.), miconazole (melting point: 84 to 87° C.), fluticasone propionate (melting point: about 273° C.
  • indomethacin melting point: 155 to 162° C.
  • nifedipine melting point: 172 to 175° C.
  • nicardipine melting point: 136 to 138° C.
  • nimodipine melting point: 123 to 126° C.
  • dipyridamole melting point: 165 to 169° C.
  • disopyramide melting point: about 204° C.
  • prazosin hydrochloride melting point: about 275° C. (decomposed)
  • prednisolone melting point: about 235° C. (decomposed)
  • cortisone acetate melting point: about 240° C.
  • dexamethasone melting point: about 245° C. (decomposed)
  • betamethasone melting point: about 240° C. (decomposed)
  • beclometasone dipropionate melting point: about 208° C. (decomposed)
  • budesonide melting point: about 240° C. (decomposed)
  • fluocinolone acetonide melting point: about 266 to 274° C.
  • simvastatin melting point: 135 to 138° C.
  • fluoxymesterone melting point: 270 to 278° C.
  • stanozolol melting point: 230 to 242° C.
  • estradiol melting point: 175 to 180° C.
  • chlormadinone acetate melting point: 211 to 215° C.
  • falecalcitriol melting point: about 143° C.
  • mazindol melting point: 177 to 184° C.
  • sildenafil citrate melting point: about 200 to 201° C.
  • minoxidil melting point: 248° C.
  • droperidol melting point: about 145 to 149° C.
  • quazepam melting point: 148 to 151° C.
  • pentazocine melting point: 154° C.
  • propericiazine melting point: 113 to 118° C.
  • timiperone melting point: 200 to 203° C.
  • sulpiride melting point: 175 to 182° C. (decomposed)
  • amoxapine melting point: 178 to 182° C.
  • the carboxyvinyl polymer is an acrylic acid-based water-swellable vinyl polymer, and also known as a carbomer.
  • Carbomers are not particularly limited provided that they are generally used in pharmaceuticals, and may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
  • Examples of the carbomer which may be used are a plurality of carbomers different in Mw, e.g., Carbopol (trademark) 934, Carbopol (trademark) 940, Carbopol (trademark) 980, Carbopol (trademark) 981, Carbopol (trademark) 2984, Carbopol (trademark) 5984, Carbopol (trademark) EDT 2050, Carbopol (trademark) Ultrez 10, HIVISWAKO (trademark) 103, HIVISWAKO (trademark) 104, and HIVISWAKO (trademark) 105.
  • Carbopol (trademark) 934 Carbopol (trademark) 940, Carbopol (trademark) 980, Carbopol (trademark) 981, Carbopol (trademark) 2984, Carbopol (trademark) 5984, Carbopol (trademark) EDT 2050, Carbopol (trademark) Ultrez 10, HIVISWAKO (
  • the lecithin is a compound consisting of a glycerin skeleton to which fatty acid residues and a phosphate group bonded to a basic compound or sugar are bonded, and also known as “phosphatidylcholine”.
  • a lecithin from soybean or rapeseed or from hen egg may be utilized.
  • the type thereof is not particularly limited.
  • the lecithin covers various types such as an oil-and-fat crude lecithin, a powdered high-purity lecithin obtained by delipidating the crude lecithin, a fractionated lecithin in which the ratio of a specific ingredient is increased using a solvent, a chromatography technique, and the like, a lecithin having oxidation stability increased by complete or partial hydrogenation followed by purification, and an enzymatically decomposed lecithin and an enzymatically modified lecithin obtained by enzymatically treating these lecithins; these lecithins may be all used.
  • the method for producing the composite organic compound powder for medical use comprises the steps of: mixing a poorly water-soluble and crystalline organic compound powder, a physiologically acceptable salt, a physiologically acceptable polyol, and a carboxyvinyl polymer and fine-pulverizing the organic compound powder; and removing the salt and the polyol after fine-pulverizing.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to a preferable embodiment further comprises the step of adding a lecithin during or after fine-pulverizing.
  • the method for producing the composite organic compound powder for medical use also comprises the steps of mixing a poorly water-soluble organic compound powder, a physiologically acceptable salt, and a physiologically acceptable polyol and fine-pulverizing the organic compound powder; and removing at least the salt and the polyol after fine-pulverizing.
  • this method preferably comprises the step of adding a lecithin during or after fine-pulverizing.
  • the polyol used in the production method according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited provided that it can be ingested without posing any particular physiological problem.
  • the physiologically acceptable polyol is preferably that having low solubility in salt, that having high solubility in water, or that having a low freezing point and/or a high flash point. When the removal after fine-pulverizing is conveniently carried out, the physiologically acceptable polyol preferably has high solubility in water.
  • polyol examples can include glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and diethylene glycol; preferred is propylene glycol or glycerin.
  • the polyol preferably has a viscosity of 50 to 200,000 (dPa ⁇ S), more preferably 1,000 to 50,000 (dPa ⁇ S), still more preferably 5,000 to 30,000 (dPa ⁇ S).
  • the usage amount of the polyol is preferably 0.7 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 15 parts by mass, still more preferably 3 to 10 parts by mass based on 1 part by mass of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized.
  • the type of the polyol used may be appropriately determined in consideration of the solubility of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized.
  • the polyols may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the salt used in the production method according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited provided that it can be ingested without posing any particular physiological problem.
  • the physiologically acceptable salt is preferably a salt having low solubility in the polyol, a salt having high solubility in water and/or a salt having low hygroscopicity and a hardness suitable for fine-pulverizing of the organic compound.
  • the salt is more preferably a salt combining two or more of these properties.
  • the solubility of the salt in the polyol is preferably 10 (mass/volume) % or less.
  • the salt is preferably a salt having high solubility in water.
  • Examples of the preferable salt include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium malate, sodium citrate, disodium citrate, sodium dihydrogen citrate, potassium dihydrogen citrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
  • Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium citrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and the like may be mentioned, and preferred is sodium chloride.
  • the salt may also be subjected to the adjustment of its particle diameter by performing fine-pulverizing or the like before mixing with the poorly water-soluble organic compound for medical use.
  • the volume average diameter of the particles may be, for example, 5 to 300 ⁇ m or 10 to 200 ⁇ m; however, it is preferably 0.01 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, most preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the usage amount of the salt is preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, still more preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass based on 1 part by mass of the organic compound.
  • the salts may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present embodiment is preferably produced through “fine-pulverizing step”, “lecithin-mixing step”, “filtration-washing step”, and “drying step” in that order.
  • the “fine-pulverizing step” and the “lecithin-mixing step” may also be carried out as one integrated step to mix the lecithin in fine-pulverized particles while fine-pulverizing.
  • water is mixed with the composite organic compound powder for medical use obtained through the above steps, optionally after adding a dispersant.
  • the “fine-pulverizing step”, “lecithin-mixing step”, “filtration (separation)-washing step”, and “drying step” are described below.
  • the fine-pulverizing device used for wet fine-pulverizing the organic compound may be used without any particular limitation provided that it has the ability to make the organic compound fine by a mechanical means.
  • the fine-pulverizing device can include commonly used fine-pulverizing devices such as a kneader, a twin roll, a triple roll, a fret mill, a Hoover muller, a disk blade kneader-disperser, and a twin screw extruder.
  • the organic compound, the salt and the carboxyvinyl polymer are preferably charged into a fine-pulverizing device and kneaded while slowly adding the polyol.
  • the viscosity during kneading can be appropriately determined by the types of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized, the salt and the polyol.
  • the temperature during fine-pulverizing can be appropriately determined in consideration of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized, the fine-pulverizing device, and the like.
  • the temperature during fine-pulverizing is not particularly limited provided that it is a temperature capable of reducing the melting or decomposition of the organic compound; however, it is preferably ⁇ 50 to 50° C., more preferably ⁇ 20 to 30° C., most preferably ⁇ 10 to 25° C.
  • the fine-pulverizing time can be appropriately determined in consideration of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized, the fine-pulverizing device, and the like.
  • the fine-pulverizing time may be, for example, 1 to 50 hours, and is preferably 3 to 30 hours, more preferably 5 to 20 hours, most preferably 6 to 18 hours.
  • the usage amount of the carboxyvinyl polymer is preferably 0.002 to 0.9 part by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 0.4 part by mass, still more preferably 0.03 to 0.07 part by mass based on 1 part by mass of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized.
  • the type of the carboxyvinyl polymer used can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized.
  • the carboxyvinyl polymers may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more thereof having different Mw.
  • the lecithin is mixed with the kneaded matter being fine-pulverized or having been fine-pulverized.
  • the kneaded matter may not contain the carboxyvinyl polymer.
  • the mixing step may be carried out by mixing the lecithin after or during fine-pulverizing in the fine-pulverizing device and continuing the kneading in the same fine-pulverizing device.
  • another device for mixing (a mixing device) may also be provided to transfer the kneaded matter after fine-pulverizing to the mixing device, followed by adding the lecithin thereto to perform the mixing step.
  • the usage amount of the lecithin is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by mass, still more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 part by mass based on 1 part by mass of the organic compound to be fine-pulverized.
  • the lecithin may be added alone; however, a mixture of the lecithin and the polyol may also be added. In the latter case, for the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the lecithin and the polyol, the amount of the polyol is 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 5 parts by mass, still more preferably 2 to 4 parts by mass based on 1 part by mass of the lecithin.
  • the kneaded matter after mixing the lecithin can be placed in a solvent, which is then uniformly mixed using a homogenizer or the like, filtered, and washed with water to remove the salt and the polyol.
  • the solvent used in uniformly mixing the kneaded matter is not particularly limited provided that it is a solvent in which the polyol and the salt are easily dissolved and the finely pulverized organic compound is hardly dissolved and which is physiologically acceptable.
  • the solvent is preferably water; however, solvents other than water may also be used.
  • the solvent other than water examples include a mixed solution of an organic solvent such as acetic acid, methanol and ethanol and water.
  • the filtration method is not particularly limited, and may be a well-known method used to filter material containing an organic compound.
  • Examples of the filtration method include a vacuum filtration method, a pressure filtration method, and an ultrafiltration membrane method.
  • a centrifugation method is available. A specific method of the centrifugation involves placing the lecithin-mixed kneaded matter in a solvent, which is then uniformly mixed using a homogenizer or the like, followed by precipitating the organic compound finely pulverized by the centrifuge and removing the supernatant.
  • the electric conductivity of the supernatant can be measured to determine the end point of washing. That is, for example, if the electric conductivity of the supernatant is 10 ⁇ S/cm, then the concentration of sodium chloride can be estimated to be about 5 ppm; thus, the electric conductivity at the end point could be determined for adaptation to the characteristics of the substance.
  • Finely pulverized particles of the composite organic compound powder for medical use tend to aggregate because they generally have a high surface energy.
  • an additive for preventing the secondary aggregation thereof may be added after removing the salt and the like.
  • the secondary aggregation-preventing agent include alkyl sulfates, N-alkyloyl methyl taurine salts, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, sodium citrate, purified soybean lecithin, phospholipids, D-sorbitol, lactose, xylitol, gum arabic, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkylbenzenesulfonates, sulfosuccinic acid ester salts, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropylcellulose, methyl
  • Alkylsulfates and N-alkyloyl methyl taurine salts are particularly preferable; among others, dodecyl sodium sulfate and N-myristoyl methyl taurine sodium are preferable.
  • These secondary aggregation-preventing agents may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • drying treatment can be carried out to remove the solvent used for removing the salt and the like from the resultant composite organic compound powder for medical use.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited, and may be a method conventionally used for drying organic compounds. Examples of the drying method include a vacuum drying method, a freeze-drying method, a spray drying method, and a freeze-spray drying method.
  • the drying temperature or drying time for the process of drying is not particularly limited; however, the drying is preferably carried out at low temperature and preferably performed by a vacuum drying method, a freeze-drying method, a spray drying method, or a freeze-spray drying method to maintain the chemical stability of the composite organic compound particles for medical use and prevent the secondary aggregation of the particles.
  • the fine particles constituting the composite organic compound powder for medical use obtained by the production method according to the present embodiment have an average particle diameter ranging preferably from 20 to 400 nm, more preferably from 20 to 300 nm or less, still more preferably from 50 to 150 nm as converted from the BET specific surface area.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use obtained by the production method according to the present embodiment is also excellent in formulation characteristics and can be used as a medicine in various dosage forms.
  • a solvent-containing solid (hereinafter referred to as a wet cake) of the composite organic compound powder for medical use obtained by removing the salt and the polyol after fine-pulverizing can be suspended in water and adjusted in the form of porous particles about 1 to 30 ⁇ m in size by a freeze-spray drying method.
  • a small amount of a surfactant may be added to the water.
  • a volatile additive such as ethanol may also be added in a small amount. When the volatile additive is added, irritation can be improved compared to when the surfactant is added because ethanol can be distilled off during drying.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use When used in an injection, an eye-drop, an ointment, a percutaneous absorption agent, or the like, it can be used by adding a secondary aggregation-preventing agent to the wet cake to prepare a water dispersion.
  • the secondary aggregation-preventing agent include a well-known surfactant.
  • the compounds may be used which have been listed in the place of the secondary aggregation-preventing agents capable of being added after removing the salt and the polyol.
  • a water dispersion using a polymer such as an acrylate copolymer or a methacrylate copolymer as a secondary aggregation-preventing agent can be used as a DDS preparation.
  • a water dispersion may also be prepared using a commonly used apparatus and the like. Examples of the apparatus include a homogenizer, a homomixer, an ultrasonic disperser, and a high-pressure homogenizer.
  • the water dispersion may also be powderized by vacuum drying, spray drying, freeze-drying, freeze-spray drying, or the like.
  • the powder thus prepared is excellent in redispersibility in water; thus, it has excellent characteristics as an injection and an eye-drop prepared before use, and an oral agent.
  • the composite organic compound powder for medical use can also be dispersed in an oily substance to use the dispersion in ointments, capsules, percutaneous absorption preparations, and the like.
  • the oily substance is not particularly limited provided that it is generally used in formulation. Examples of the oily substance include liquid paraffin, petrolatum, propylene glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, and plant oil. These oily substances may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the oily substance dispersion may be prepared using a commonly used apparatus and the like.
  • Examples of the apparatus include a homogenizer, a homomixer, an ultrasonic disperser, a high-pressure homogenizer, a twin roll, a triple roll, a disk blade kneader-disperser, and a twin screw extruder.
  • Fine-Pulverizing experiments are first described in each of which a carboxyvinyl polymer was added.
  • the average particle diameter before and after fine-pulverizing for a dried powder was calculated by converting, by the above-described formula 1, the BET specific surface area measured using a BET type specific surface area analyzer (Macsorb model MH-1201, from Mountech Co., Ltd.).
  • the observation of the powder before and after fine-pulverizing was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (model SEM VE-7800, from Keyence Corporation).
  • a water-cooling type Hoover muller (from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.) were charged and uniformly mixed 0.1 g of fenofibrate with an average particle diameter of 6,640 nm (melting point: 80 to 83° C.), 1.6 g of fine-pulverized sodium chloride (average particle diameter: 5 ⁇ m), and 0.005 g of a carboxyvinyl polymer (Carbopol 980, from Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and the content was kept in a batter form by slowly adding dropwise 0.36 g of glycerin and fine-pulverized by kneading for 100 cycles at 20° C.
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.073 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 338 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • Fenofibrate was fine-pulverized under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a carboxyvinyl polymer was not added. As a result, 0.075 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 672 nm was obtained.
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.081 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 207 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.085 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 535 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.090 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 62 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.098 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 73 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • a water-cooling type Hoover muller (from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.) were charged and uniformly mixed 0.1 g of miconazole with an average particle diameter of 10,900 nm (melting point: 84 to 87° C.), 1.6 g of fine-pulverized sodium chloride (average particle diameter: 5 ⁇ m), and 0.005 g of a carboxyvinyl polymer (Carbopol 980, from Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and the content was kept in a batter form by slowly adding dropwise 0.345 g of glycerin and fine-pulverized by kneading for 100 cycles at 20° C.
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.058 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 142 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.060 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 358 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.071 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 71 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.075 g of a fine-pulverized powder with an average particle diameter of 114 nm.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the content was placed in 1 L of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using a homogenizer and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 7 g of a fine-pulverized powder of indomethacin with an average particle diameter of 58.5 nm.
  • the content was placed in 1 L of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using a homogenizer and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 7 g of a fine-pulverized powder of indomethacin with an average particle diameter of 141 nm.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of felbinac obtained in Example 2 and the magnified part (magnification: 20,000-fold) of the SEM photograph, respectively;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of felbinac obtained in Comparative Example 2 and the magnified part (magnification: 20,000-fold) of the SEM photograph, respectively;
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of felbinac obtained in Example 2 and the magnified part (magnification: 20,000-fold) of the SEM photograph, respectively;
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of felbinac obtained in Example 2 and the magnified part (magnification: 20,000-fold) of the SEM photograph, respectively;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of fluticasone propionate obtained in Example 5 and the magnified part (magnification: 20,000-fold) of the SEM photograph, respectively; and FIGS. 7 and 8 show an SEM photograph (magnification: 10,000-fold) of the fine-pulverized powder of fluticasone propionate obtained in Comparative Example 5 and the magnified part (magnification: 20,000-fold) of the SEM photograph, respectively.
  • the average particle diameter before and after fine-pulverizing for a powder was measured using a BET type specific surface area analyzer (Macsorb model HM-1201, from Mountech Co., Ltd.).
  • the particle diameter of particles in a suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
  • D 50 is the diameter of a particle having an integrated value of 50% as counted in order of decreasing particle size (or in order of increasing particle size) (called “median particle diameter”) in the size distribution.
  • “D 90 ” is the diameter of a particle having an integrated value of 90% as counted in order of increasing particle size (called “90% median diameter”) in the size distribution.
  • D v is the volume average diameter (called “average particle diameter”).
  • a water-cooling type Hoover muller (from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.) were charged and uniformly mixed 0.1 g of fenofibrate with an average particle diameter of 6,640 nm (melting point: 80 to 83° C.), 1.6 g of fine-pulverized sodium chloride (average particle diameter: 5 ⁇ m), and 0.005 g of a carboxyvinyl polymer (Carbopol 980, from Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and the content was kept in a batter form by slowly adding dropwise 0.36 g of glycerin and fine-pulverized by kneading for 100 cycles at 20° C.
  • 0.1 g of a purified hydrogenated soybean lecithin-glycerin mixture (weight ratio: 1:3) was uniformly mixed in the resultant fine-pulverized and kneaded matter, which was then kneaded for 50 cycles at 20° C. Thereafter, the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.094 g of a powder.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 159.2 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 135.1 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 199.6 nm.
  • Example 2 To 0.05 g of the powder produced in Example 1 was added 5 g of 1% dodecyl sodium sulfate as a dispersant, which was then uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation). To the dispersion was added 44.95 g of purified water to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 556.5 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 457.2 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 742.6 nm.
  • D v average particle diameter
  • D 50 median particle diameter
  • D 90 90% median diameter
  • 0.1 g of a purified hydrogenated soybean lecithin-glycerin mixture (weight ratio: 1:3) was uniformly mixed in the resultant fine-pulverized and kneaded matter, which was then kneaded for 50 cycles at 20° C. Thereafter, the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.106 g of a powder.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • Example 2 To 0.05 g of the powder produced in Example 2 was added 5 g of 1% N-myristoyl methyl taurine sodium as a dispersant, which was then uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation). To the dispersion was added 44.95 g of purified water to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 5,618 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 273.0 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 10,321 nm.
  • D v average particle diameter
  • D 50 median particle diameter
  • D 90 90% median diameter
  • 0.2 g of a purified hydrogenated soybean lecithin-glycerin mixture (weight ratio: 1:3) was uniformly mixed in the resultant fine-pulverized and kneaded matter, which was then kneaded for 50 cycles at 20° C. Thereafter, the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.119 g of a powder.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • Example 3 To 0.05 g of the powder produced in Example 3 was added 5 g of 1% dodecyl sodium sulfate as a dispersant, which was then uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation). To the dispersion was added 44.95 g of purified water to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 43,804 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 38,306 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 39,845 nm.
  • D v average particle diameter
  • D 50 median particle diameter
  • D 90 90% median diameter
  • the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 50,510 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 46,227 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 59,856 nm.
  • a water-cooling type Hoover muller (from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.) were charged and uniformly mixed 0.1 g of miconazole with an average particle diameter of 10,900 nm (melting point: 84 to 87° C.), 1.6 g of fine-pulverized sodium chloride (average particle diameter: 5 ⁇ m), and 0.005 g of a carboxyvinyl polymer (Carbopol 980, from Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and the content was kept in a batter form by slowly adding dropwise 0.345 g of glycerin and fine-pulverized by kneading for 100 cycles at 20° C.
  • 0.1 g of a purified hydrogenated soybean lecithin-glycerin mixture (weight ratio: 1:3) was uniformly mixed in the resultant fine-pulverized and kneaded matter, which was then kneaded for 50 cycles at 20° C. Thereafter, the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.075 g of a powder.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • Example 4 To 0.05 g of the powder produced in Example 4 was added 5 g of 1% dodecyl sodium sulfate as a dispersant, which was then uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation). To the dispersion was added 44.95 g of purified water to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 155.5 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 136 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 193.6 nm.
  • D v average particle diameter
  • D 50 median particle diameter
  • D 90 90% median diameter
  • a purified hydrogenated soybean lecithin-glycerin mixture (weight ratio: 1:3) was uniformly mixed in the resultant fine-pulverized and kneaded matter, which was then kneaded for 50 cycles at 20° C. Thereafter, the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation) and then filtered and washed with water; the resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.092 g of a powder.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • Example 5 To 0.05 g of the powder produced in Example 5 was added 5 g of 1% N-myristoyl methyl taurine sodium as a dispersant, which was then uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation). To the dispersion was added 44.95 g of purified water to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 902.3 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 126.2 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 2,129 nm.
  • D v average particle diameter
  • D 50 median particle diameter
  • D 90 90% median diameter
  • Example 6 To 0.05 g of the powder produced in Example 6 was added 5 g of 1% N-myristoyl methyl taurine sodium as a dispersant, which was then uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation). To the dispersion was added 44.95 g of purified water to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 123.7 nm, a median particle diameter (D 59 ) of 99.7 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 99 ) of 166.3 nm.
  • D v average particle diameter
  • D 59 median particle diameter
  • D 99 90% median diameter
  • Table 2 shows the results of Examples 7 to 12 and Comparative Examples 7 to 18.
  • the powders prepared by adding the carboxyvinyl polymer and the lecithin had a high redispersibility in water and a smaller average particle diameter in suspensions thereof.
  • the powders prepared without adding any lecithin have proved to be difficult to disperse sufficiently in suspensions thereof.
  • Example 9 Felbinac 34,000 5,618 273 10,321 Comp.
  • Example 10 Felbinac 34,000 611 498 843 Comp.
  • Example 11 Pranlukast Hydrate 1,088 43,804 38,306 39,845 Comp.
  • Example 12 Pranlukast Hydrate 1,088 50,510 46,227 59,856 Comp.
  • Example 13 Miconazole 10,900 156 136 194 Comp.
  • Example 14 Miconazole 10,900 20,059 17,562 22,729 Comp.
  • Example 15 Fluticasone Propionate 7,850 902 126 2,129 Comp.
  • Example 16 Fluticasone Propionate 7,850 3,508 3,315 4,406 Comp.
  • Example 17 Indomethacin 3,960 124 100 166 Comp.
  • Example 18 Indomethacin 3,960 320 238 462
  • the average particle diameter of particles was measured using a BET type specific surface area analyzer (Macsorb model HM-1201, from Mountech Co., Ltd.).
  • the particle diameter of particles in a suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
  • D 50 is the diameter of a particle having an integrated value of 50% as counted in order of decreasing particle size (or in order of increasing particle size) (called “median particle diameter”) in the size distribution.
  • “D 90 ” is the diameter of a particle having an integrated value of 90% as counted in order of increasing particle size (called “90% median diameter”) in the size distribution.
  • D v is the volume average diameter (called “average particle diameter”).
  • the average amphotericin B particle diameter of 13,423 nm before fine-pulverizing is a value measured in the following manner. Five grams of 0.03% sodium lauryl sulfate was added as a dispersant to 0.01 g of amphotericin B and uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation), to which 44.99 g of purified water was then added to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
  • the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 13,423 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 11,843 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 15,181 nm.
  • Example 13 In a water-cooling type Hoover muller (from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.) were charged and uniformly mixed 0.1 g of the amphotericin B with an average particle diameter of 13,423 nm (melting point: decomposed at 170° C. or higher) used in Example 13 and 1.6 g of fine-pulverized sodium chloride (average particle diameter: 5 ⁇ m), and the content was kept in a batter form by slowly adding dropwise 0.36 g of glycerin and fine-pulverized by kneading for 100 cycles at 20° C.
  • Hoover muller from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of a 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of acetic acid and uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation), but the fine-pulverized particles were floated after centrifugation and could not be recovered. Even when filtration was carried out, the particles could not be recovered because they passed through the filter.
  • an ultrasonic apparatus UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation
  • a water-cooling type Hoover muller (from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.) were charged and uniformly mixed 0.1 g of aciclovir with an average particle diameter of 60,371 nm (melting point: decomposed at about 300° C.) and 1.6 g of fine-pulverized sodium chloride (average particle diameter: 5 ⁇ m), and the content was kept in a batter form by slowly adding dropwise 0.1 g of glycerin and fine-pulverized by kneading for 100 cycles at 20° C.
  • the average aciclovir particle diameter of 60,371 nm before fine-pulverizing is a value measured in the following manner. Five grams of 0.03% sodium lauryl sulfate was first added as a dispersant to 0.01 g of aciclovir and the mixture was uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation), to which 44.99 g of purified water was then added to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
  • the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 60,371 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 52,997 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 69,371 nm.
  • Example 14 In a water-cooling type Hoover muller (from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.) were charged and uniformly mixed 0.1 g of the aciclovir with an average particle diameter of 60,371 nm (melting point: decomposed at about 300° C.) used in Example 14 and 1.6 g of fine-pulverized sodium chloride (average particle diameter: 5 ⁇ m), and the content was kept in a batter form by slowly adding dropwise 0.1 g of glycerin and fine-pulverized by kneading for 100 cycles at 20° C.
  • Hoover muller from Imoto Seisakusho K.K.
  • the content was placed in 50 mL of an aqueous solution and uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation), and then centrifuged (at 6,000 rpm for 10 minutes, using CN-2060 from AS ONE Corporation) followed by removing the supernatant.
  • the precipitate was gradually decreased as the operation was repeatedly performed; no precipitate came to be observed when the operation was carried out three times.
  • the average particle diameter of indomethacin in the kneaded matter of 154 nm is a value measured in the following manner. Five grams of 0.1% lecithin/0.03% sodium lauryl sulfate was added as a dispersant to 0.05 g of the indomethacin-containing kneaded matter and the mixture was uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation), to which 44.95 g of purified water was then added to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 154 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 118 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 213 nm.
  • a part (about 10 g (including 0.51 g of indomethacin)) of the fine-pulverized and kneaded matter obtained in Example 15 was placed in 50 mL of purified water, uniformly dispersed using a homogenizer, and then centrifuged, followed by removing the salt and glycerin. This operation was repeated to wash the supernatant until it reached an electric conductivity of 10 ⁇ S/cm or less after centrifugation. The centrifugation washing was performed six times (4 ⁇ S/cm). The resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.35 g (0.35 g of indomethacin) of a fine-pulverized powder. The recovery rate was 69%.
  • the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 1,484 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 201 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 4,012 nm. Some particles aggregated, which seems to have resulted in larger difference among Dv, D 50 , and D 90 .
  • the average particle diameter of indomethacin in the kneaded matter of 96 nm is a value measured in the following manner. Five grams of 0.1% lecithin/0.03% sodium lauryl sulfate was added as a dispersant to 0.05 g of the indomethacin-containing kneaded matter and the mixture was uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic apparatus (UT-105, from Sharp Manufacturing System Corporation), to which 44.95 g of purified water was then added to provide 50.0 g of a suspension. The size distribution of the resultant suspension was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Delsa Nano S, from Beckman Coulter, Inc.). As a result, the size distribution had an average particle diameter (D v ) of 96 nm, a median particle diameter (D 50 ) of 72 nm, and a 90% median diameter (D 90 ) of 142 nm.
  • a part (532 g (including 28 g of indomethacin) of the kneaded matter obtained by fine-pulverizing in the 2-L kneader (from Inoue Mfg., Inc.) and a purified hydrogenated soybean lecithin-glycerin mixture (weight ratio: 1:3) (57 g) were charged and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, a part (about 10 g (including 0.48 g of indomethacin)) of the content was placed in 50 mL of purified water, uniformly dispersed using a homogenizer, and then centrifuged, followed by removing the salt and glycerin.
  • a part (about 10 g (including 0.54 g of indomethacin)) of the fine-pulverized and kneaded matter of Example 16 was placed in 50 mL of purified water, uniformly dispersed using a homogenizer, and then centrifuged, followed by removing the salt and glycerin. This operation was repeated to wash the supernatant until it reached an electric conductivity of 10 ⁇ S/cm or less after centrifugation. The centrifugation washing was performed six times (7 ⁇ S/cm). The resultant wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 30° C. to provide 0.36 g (including 0.36 g of indomethacin) of a fine-pulverized powder. The recovery rate was 67%.
  • the method for producing a composite organic compound powder for medical use according to the present invention can be used in the fields of medicines and diagnostic agents because it can convert a poorly water-soluble organic compound into fine grains more safely and simply than before and further can improve the production efficiency (the recovery rate of particles).

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JP5536654B2 (ja) 2014-07-02

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