US20110107866A1 - Robot - Google Patents

Robot Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110107866A1
US20110107866A1 US12/912,750 US91275010A US2011107866A1 US 20110107866 A1 US20110107866 A1 US 20110107866A1 US 91275010 A US91275010 A US 91275010A US 2011107866 A1 US2011107866 A1 US 2011107866A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
joint
rotation axis
receiving portion
robot
arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/912,750
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English (en)
Inventor
Takenori Oka
Manabu Okahisa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yaskawa Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Yaskawa Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yaskawa Electric Corp filed Critical Yaskawa Electric Corp
Assigned to KABUSHIKI KAISHA YASKAWA DENKI reassignment KABUSHIKI KAISHA YASKAWA DENKI ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OKA, TAKENORI, OKAHISA, MANABU
Publication of US20110107866A1 publication Critical patent/US20110107866A1/en
Priority to US14/503,405 priority Critical patent/US9764480B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J17/00—Joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/0084—Programme-controlled manipulators comprising a plurality of manipulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/0084—Programme-controlled manipulators comprising a plurality of manipulators
    • B25J9/0087—Dual arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
    • B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
    • B25J9/046—Revolute coordinate type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/06—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by multi-articulated arms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20207—Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element
    • Y10T74/20305—Robotic arm
    • Y10T74/20317—Robotic arm including electric motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20207—Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element
    • Y10T74/20305—Robotic arm
    • Y10T74/20323—Robotic arm including flaccid drive element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20207—Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element
    • Y10T74/20305—Robotic arm
    • Y10T74/20329—Joint between elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a robot having a plurality of joints.
  • an arm mounted on a base includes six or seven rotary joints, and portions provided on distal-end sides (robot-hand sides) of the joints are rotated or turned.
  • the moving range of the hand of such a robot can be widened by increasing the length of the arm. Meanwhile, if the arm is folded so that the hand of the robot is placed in an area near the base, it is necessary to prevent the hand from interfering with the arm. For this reason, the moving range of the hand of the robot is set such as not to include the area near the base.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2008-272883 discloses a structure for offsetting the rotation axis of an arm in a middle portion of the arm. According to this disclosed technique, even in a state in which the arm is folded, a wide moving range can be ensured wile avoiding interference between the arm portions.
  • the robot is required to have a more compact size while ensuring a wider moving range.
  • the arm takes a substantially straight attitude in order to minimize an area where the arm interferes with surrounding objects.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a robot and a robot system that can enhance space-saving performance while widening a moving range.
  • a robot includes a base; and an arm including a plurality of members connected by a plurality of joints.
  • the arm includes an offset portion where a rotation axis of any one of the joints is offset from a rotation axis of the next joint in a predetermined direction and the rotation axis of the next joint is offset from a rotation axis of a joint next to the next joint in a direction opposite the predetermined direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a robot according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating the configuration of the robot of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a robot according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a robot according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view illustrating the configuration and a moving range of the robot of the third embodiment.
  • a robot system 100 includes a seven-axis vertical articulated robot 1 , a robot controller 2 , and a cable 3 that connects the robot 1 and the robot controller 2 .
  • the robot controller 2 is formed by a computer including a memory, an electronic processor, and an input (all of them not illustrated), and is connected to below-described actuators in the robot 1 by the cable 3 .
  • the cable 3 is formed by bundling and sheathing signal communication lines between the robot controller 2 and the actuators and power feeding lines for supplying power from a power supply (not shown) to the actuators.
  • the robot 1 includes a base 10 fixed to a mounting surface (e.g., floor or ceiling) 101 , and an arm.
  • an arm member (first member) 11 , an arm member (second member) 12 , an arm member (third member) 13 , an arm member (fourth member) 14 , an arm member (fifth member) 15 , an arm member (sixth member) 16 , and a flange (seventh member 17 ) are connected by rotary joints (first to seventh joints) in order from the base 10 to a leading end of the robot 1 . That is, the arm is constituted by the arm members 11 to 17 and the rotary joints.
  • the base 10 and the arm member 11 are connected by a first actuator (first joint) 11 A, and the arm member 11 is rotated by driving of the first actuator 11 A.
  • the arm member 11 and the arm member 12 are connected by a second actuator (second joint) 12 A, and the arm member 12 is pivoted by driving of the second actuator 12 A.
  • the arm member 12 and the arm member 13 are connected by a third actuator (third joint) 13 A, and the arm member 13 is rotated by driving of the third actuator 13 A.
  • the arm member 13 and the arm member 14 are connected by a fourth actuator (fourth joint) 14 A, and the arm member 14 is pivoted by driving of the fourth actuator 14 A.
  • the arm member 14 and the arm member 15 are connected by a fifth actuator (fifth joint) 15 A, and the arm member 15 is rotated by driving of the fifth actuator 15 A.
  • the arm member 15 and the arm member 16 are connected by a sixth actuator (sixth joint) 16 A, and the arm member 16 is pivoted by driving of the sixth actuator 16 A.
  • the arm member 16 and the flange 17 are connected by a seventh actuator (seventh joint) 17 A, and the flange 17 and an end effecter (not shown), such as a hand, which is attached to the flange 17 are pivoted by driving of the seventh actuator 17 A.
  • the arm member 13 includes a receiving portion (receiving portion A) 20 A that receives the third actuator 13 A, a connecting portion (connecting portion A) 20 B obliquely extending from the receiving portion 20 A to the upper right side of the figure (in the R-direction and a direction towards the leading end), and a receiving portion (receiving portion B) 20 C that receives the fourth actuator 14 A.
  • the receiving portion 20 A, the receiving portion 20 C, and the connecting portion 20 B form a continuous internal space, where the cable 3 is stored.
  • the arm member 14 includes a receiving portion (receiving portion A) 21 A that receives the fourth actuator 14 A, a connecting portion (connecting portion B) 21 B obliquely extending from the receiving portion 21 A to the upper left side of the figure (in the L-direction and a direction towards the leading end), and a receiving portion (receiving portion D) 21 C that receives the fifth actuator 15 A.
  • the receiving portion 21 A, the receiving portion 21 C, and the connecting portion 21 B form a continuous internal space.
  • the receiving portion 20 A, the receiving portion 20 C, the connecting portion 20 B, the receiving portion 21 A, the receiving portion 21 C, and the connecting portion 21 B correspond to the offset portion.
  • Each of the first to seventh actuators 11 A to 17 A is formed by a servo motor with built-in reduction gears.
  • the servo motor has a hole through which the cable 3 can extend.
  • the first to seventh actuators 11 A to 17 A are connected to the robot controller 2 by the cable 3 .
  • rotation axes A 1 , A 3 , and A 5 (referred to as rotation axes in the rotating direction) are perpendicular to the mounting surface 101 (a state illustrated in FIG. 1 )
  • rotation axes A 2 , A 4 , A 6 , and A 7 (rotation axes in the pivot direction) are at an angle of 90 degrees to the rotation axes in the rotating direction.
  • the rotation axis A 6 is at an angle of 90 degrees to the rotation axis A 7 .
  • the rotation axis A 1 of the first actuator 11 A and the rotation axis A 3 of the third actuator 13 A are substantially aligned with each other. Also, the rotation axis A 1 and the rotation axis A 3 are orthogonal to the rotation axis A 2 of the second actuator 12 A.
  • the rotation axes A 1 and A 3 do not intersect the rotation axis A 4 of the fourth actuator 14 A, and are offset from the rotation axis A 4 by a length d 1 in a direction horizontal to the mounting surface 101 (in a R-direction with reference to the rotation axis A 3 ).
  • the offset refers to a state in which a rotation axis different from a rotation axis at a base end is shifted from the rotation axis at the base end in the orthogonal direction when the robot or the arm takes an attitude such that the projection area thereof on the mounting surface is the smallest.
  • the rotation axis A 4 does not intersect the rotation axis A 5 of the fifth actuator 15 A, and is offset from the rotation axis A 5 by a length d 2 in the direction horizontal to the mounting surface 101 (in the rightward direction of the figure with reference to the rotation axis A 4 ).
  • the rotation axis A 3 and the rotation axis A 5 are offset by a length
  • the length d 1 is set to be larger than the length d 2 (that is, d 1 >d 2 ).
  • the width of the arm member 13 is larger than the width of the arm member 15 .
  • the base 10 has a cable insertion hole (not shown).
  • the cable 3 passes, in order, through the interior of the base 10 , the hole of the first actuator 11 A, the arm member 11 , the hole of the second actuator 12 A, the arm member 12 , the hole of the third actuator 13 A, the receiving portion 20 A, the connecting portion 20 B, the receiving portion 20 C, the hole of the fourth actuator 14 A, the receiving portion 21 A, the connecting portion 21 B, the receiving portion 21 C, the hole of the fifth actuator 15 A, the arm member 15 , the hole of the sixth actuator 16 A, the arm member 16 , and the hole of the seventh actuator 17 A.
  • the cable 3 is connected to the end effecter (not shown) via a hole of the flange 17 .
  • the robot system 100 of the first embodiment has the above-described configuration, when the robot system 100 operates with the flange 17 being placed near the base 10 or the arm member 11 , in a state in which the fourth actuator 14 A is greatly rotated, as illustrated in FIG. 2 , the rotation axis A 3 and the rotation axis A 5 are offset from each other by the sum of the length d 1 and the length d 2 (that is, d 1 +d 2 ), which increases the offset amount between the rotation axis A 3 and the rotation axis A 5 .
  • the robot 1 is operated so that the rotation axis A 1 , the rotation axis A 3 , and the rotation axis A 5 become perpendicular to the mounting surface 101 .
  • This can minimize the amount of protrusion of the robot 1 in the direction horizontal to the mounting surface 101 .
  • the offset amount of the rotation axes A 1 and A 3 from the rotation axis A 4 is limited to the length d 1 .
  • the offset amount corresponding to d 1 +d 2 can be obtained in the state where the fourth actuator 14 A is bent, and the offset amount can be limited to d 1 (d 1 ⁇ d 1 +d 2 ) in the standby state.
  • d 1 (d 1 ⁇ d 1 +d 2 ) in the standby state.
  • the cable 3 passes through the hole of the third actuator 13 A, is gently bent in the connecting portion 20 B, passes through the hole of the fourth actuator 14 A, is gently bent in the connecting portion 21 B, and is then guided to the hole of the fifth actuator 15 A. Therefore, even if the angle between the arm member 13 and the arm member 14 is made more acute by greatly rotating the fourth actuator 14 A, the curvature of the cable 3 can be limited to a relatively small value. Hence, it is possible to reduce damage to the cable 3 due to the increase in curvature of the cable 3 .
  • the fifth actuator 15 A rotates the arm member 15
  • the sixth actuator 16 A pivots the arm member 16
  • the seventh actuator 17 A rocks the flange 17 at an angle of 90 degrees to the pivot direction of the arm member 16 .
  • the seventh actuator 17 A rotates the flange 17
  • a robot system 200 of the second embodiment is different from the robot 1 of the first embodiment only in an attachment direction of a seventh actuator 27 A (seventh joint) and a flange 27 . Therefore, in the following description, for convenience of explanation, redundant descriptions are appropriately omitted, and like components are denoted by like reference numerals.
  • an arm member 16 is connected to the flange 27 by the seventh actuator 27 A, and the flange 27 and an end effecter (not shown), such as a hand, attached to the flange 27 are rotated by driving of the seventh actuator 27 A.
  • the robot system 200 of the second embodiment has the above-described configuration, in contrast to the robot 1 of the first embodiment, it is necessary to avoid a singular point caused when a fourth actuator 14 A is bent, but it is possible to easily rotate the end effecter attached to the flange 27 by simply driving the seventh actuator 27 A.
  • the second embodiment is suitable for an application in which the end effecter is rotated.
  • the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the base adopted in the first embodiment is removed and the body is provided with a pair of (two) arms 400 having a structure similar to that of the arm of the robot 1 . Therefore, descriptions overlapping with the first embodiment are appropriately omitted, and like components are denoted by like reference numerals.
  • two arms 400 are attached to a body 301 (corresponding to the base) fixed to a mounting surface 101 .
  • the body 301 includes a base portion 301 A fixed to the mounting surface 101 , and a turning body portion (main body) 301 B that turns relative to the base portion 301 A via an actuator 301 C.
  • the turning body portion 301 B obliquely extends upward (to the upper right of FIG. 4 ) from the actuator 301 C, and has an opening where the pair of arms 400 can be attached.
  • a rotation axis Ab of the actuator 301 C is offset from rotation axes A 1 of first actuators 11 A in the arms 400 by a length d 3 in a direction horizontal to the mounting surface 101 (R-direction with reference to the rotation axis Ab).
  • the arms 400 are attached to the turning body portion 301 B in a manner such that the rotation axes A 1 of the respective first actuators 11 A are arranged on the same straight line (the orientations of the arms 400 can be changed appropriately). That is, the turning body portion 301 B also functions as a bases for both of the arms 400 .
  • a robot controller 302 is connected to the arms 400 by a cable 303 so that the actuators of the arms 400 operate according to commands from the robot controller 302 .
  • the robot system 300 of the third embodiment has the above-described configuration, it is possible to enlarge the moving range where the pair of arms 400 cooperate near the body, for example, during assembly of mechanical products. This achieves further space saving.
  • the turning body portion 301 B obliquely extends upward and the pair of arms 400 are attached thereto.
  • the offset between the rotation axis Ab and the rotation axis A 1 allows the flanges 17 of the arms 400 to be moved to farther positions by rotating the actuator 301 C.
  • ends of the arms 400 can reach even a space formed near the base portion 301 A and below the turning body portion 301 B. Therefore, operation can be performed utilizing the space below the turning body portion 301 B, and this achieves further space saving.
  • the arm attached to the body may be similar to the arm adopted in the robot system 200 of the second embodiment.
  • While the robot has seven joints in the above embodiments, it may have three joints.
  • the structures other than the third to fifth actuators 13 A, 14 A, and 15 A and the arm members 13 to 15 in the first embodiment may be removed from the robot.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
US12/912,750 2009-11-10 2010-10-27 Robot Abandoned US20110107866A1 (en)

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US14/503,405 US9764480B2 (en) 2009-11-10 2014-10-01 Robot

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2009257212A JP5499647B2 (ja) 2009-11-10 2009-11-10 ロボット及びロボットシステム
JP2009-257212 2009-11-10

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EP (2) EP2319664B1 (de)
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