US20100244395A1 - Vehicle stabilizer - Google Patents

Vehicle stabilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100244395A1
US20100244395A1 US12/797,807 US79780710A US2010244395A1 US 20100244395 A1 US20100244395 A1 US 20100244395A1 US 79780710 A US79780710 A US 79780710A US 2010244395 A1 US2010244395 A1 US 2010244395A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheathing
rubber bush
stabilizer bar
stabilizer
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/797,807
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hironobu Sugiura
Shigeru Kuroda
Kiyoshi Kurimoto
Yurika Goto
Shinichi Nishizawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NHK Spring Co Ltd
NHK International Corp
Original Assignee
NHK Spring Co Ltd
NHK International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NHK Spring Co Ltd, NHK International Corp filed Critical NHK Spring Co Ltd
Assigned to NHK INTERNATIONAL CORP., NHK SPRING CO., LTD. reassignment NHK INTERNATIONAL CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NISHIZAWA, SHINICHI, GOTO, YURIKA, KURIMOTO, KIYOSHI, KURODA, SHIGERU, SUGIURA, HIRONOBU
Publication of US20100244395A1 publication Critical patent/US20100244395A1/en
Priority to US13/471,201 priority Critical patent/US8382129B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
    • B60G21/02—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected
    • B60G21/04—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically
    • B60G21/05—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically between wheels on the same axle but on different sides of the vehicle, i.e. the left and right wheel suspensions being interconnected
    • B60G21/055—Stabiliser bars
    • B60G21/0551—Mounting means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/14—Torsion springs consisting of bars or tubes
    • F16F1/16—Attachments or mountings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/13—Torsion spring
    • B60G2202/134—Torsion spring comprising a transversal torsion bar and/or tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/14—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber
    • B60G2202/144—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber of rotary type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/122—Mounting of torsion springs
    • B60G2204/1222—Middle mounts of stabiliser on vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/125—Mounting of rubber type springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/44—Centering or positioning means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45—Stops limiting travel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicle stabilizer provided with a stabilizer bar.
  • a vehicle stabilizer provided with a stabilizer bar connects the stabilizer bar to a suspension of a vehicle and stabilizes the attitude of the vehicle by utilizing a reaction force of the stabilizer bar.
  • the vehicle stabilizer is constructed so that opposite ends of the U-shaped stabilizer bar are coupled to operating parts of the suspension, and a torsion part of the stabilizer bar is fixed to a vehicle body by a fixing member and serves to receive a torsional reaction force.
  • a rubber bush is used for the fixing member to fix the torsion part of the stabilizer bar to the vehicle body frame.
  • the rubber bush is provided with a hole portion through which the stabilizer bar is passed and a notch for opening the hole portion. The notch is opened in assembling the rubber bush to the stabilizer, and the rubber bush is attached to the vehicle body frame by means of bolts or the like with the aid of, for example, a U-shaped mounting fixture.
  • a rubber bush is fixed to a stabilizer bar with an adhesive agent or by vulcanization molding or the like.
  • this rubber bush no gap is formed between the stabilizer bar and the rubber bush. If a torsional motion acts on the stabilizer bar as the suspension moves up and down, the rubber bush is deformed correspondingly.
  • functions and effects for the stabilizer can be obtained by the deformation of the rubber bush as well as by a torsional action of the torsion part.
  • Patent Document 1 Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2006-27311
  • the fixing member configured so that the stabilizer bar is passed through the hole portion of the rubber bush and fixed to the frame by means of the mounting fixture cannot fully restrain the movement of the stabilizer bar.
  • the stabilizer bar may rotate around its axis or move axially with respect to the rubber bush. Thereupon, a noise may be produced by the stabilizer bar and the rubber bush that rub against each other, and the stabilizing effect of the stabilizer may vary.
  • fixing the rubber bush to the stabilizer bar requires, for example, a process for holding them in a heating furnace for a long time and entails a high cost.
  • the rubber bush In replacing the rubber bush, moreover, the rubber bush must be removed from the stabilizer bar by cutting, melting, or some other operation.
  • a new rubber bush must be fixed to the stabilizer bar with an adhesive agent or by vulcanization molding or the like, thus the replacement of the rubber bush requires much labor.
  • a fixing member for fixing a torsion part of a stabilizer bar of the vehicle stabilizer to a vehicle body is composed of a sheathing provided integrally on an outer surface of the stabilizer bar, a rubber bush disposed on the outer periphery of the sheathing, and a mounting fixture for mounting the rubber bush on the vehicle body so as to cover the outer periphery of the rubber bush.
  • the sheathing and the rubber bush are immovably assembled to each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a stabilizer according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a fixing member of the stabilizer shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a mounting fixture of the stabilizer shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a rubber bush of the stabilizer shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a sheathing of the stabilizer shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the fixing member of the stabilizer shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another example of the sheathing.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of the sheathing.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another example of the fixing member.
  • FIG. 1 shows a suspension 20 for front wheels of a vehicle provided with a stabilizer 10 .
  • the suspension 20 (indicated by two-dot chain lines) is a double-wishbone suspension.
  • the front wheels and the like (not shown) are mounted on left- and right-hand axle portions 21 .
  • the stabilizer 10 is composed of a stabilizer bar 12 , fixing members 14 that fix the stabilizer bar 12 to a vehicle body (not shown), stabilizer links 16 that connect end portions of the stabilizer bar 12 individually to operating parts of the suspension 20 , etc.
  • the stabilizer bar 12 is composed of a torsion part 13 spanning the width of the vehicle body and arm portions 15 individually formed on the opposite ends of the torsion part 13 and which is substantially U-shaped.
  • the arm portions 15 of the stabilizer bar 12 follow such actions, whereupon the torsion part 13 is twisted so that the suspension 20 is kept stable by its torsional reaction force.
  • each fixing member 14 is composed of a mounting fixture 22 , a rubber bush 24 , and a sheathing 26 , and is fixed to a frame part (not shown) of the vehicle body.
  • the mounting fixture 22 is a substantially U-shaped metal plate, and lugs 27 extend individually sideways from the opposite ends of the fixture 22 .
  • a bolt hole 28 is formed in each lug 27 .
  • a bolt (not shown) is passed through each bolt hole 28 , whereby the mounting fixture 22 is fixed to the frame of the vehicle body.
  • the rubber bush 24 is formed of a rubber material with a predetermined hardness and has a shape suitable for the U-shape inside the mounting fixture 22 . Further, the rubber bush 24 is formed with a through-hole 30 that penetrates the substantial center of the rubber bush 24 . The through-hole 30 has an inner surface shape corresponding to the external shape of the sheathing 26 . Furthermore, the rubber bush 24 is formed with a cut portion 32 that extends from inside the through-hole 30 to the outer surface of the rubber bush 24 . The cut portion 32 in the rubber bush 24 enables the through-hole 30 to open above and below the cut portion 32 .
  • the sheathing 26 is made of a resin and composed of a collar portion 34 and a cylinder portion 36 continuous with the collar portion 34 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the sheathing 26 is formed by, for example, injection molding and is integrally fixed to the stabilizer bar 12 .
  • the collar portion 34 is a discoid that is formed substantially at right angles to the stabilizer bar 12 , as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the cylinder portion 36 is formed substantially parallel to the axis of the stabilizer bar 12 and has a rugged configuration on its outer peripheral surface.
  • the rugged configuration is a point-symmetric shape such that its cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the stabilizer bar 12 has six uniform tops.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the fixing member 14 taken along a line that passes through the tops and bottoms of the rugged configuration of cylinder portion 36 .
  • the sheathing 26 basically has a sufficient hardness such that it cannot be easily deformed and is fixed in close proximity to the stabilizer bar 12 without a gap.
  • the sheathing 26 is molded after the outer surface of the stabilizer bar 12 is shot-peened and before the outer surface of the stabilizer bar 12 is coated. Fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the stabilizer bar 12 by shot peening, so that the bite of the sheathing 26 on the stabilizer bar 12 is improved by the anchor effect of the irregularities.
  • the shot peening may be that conventionally performed to improve the durability and the like of the stabilizer bar 12 . Further, any other processing means may be used for the purpose as long as the bite of the resin on the stabilizer bar 12 can be improved.
  • the sheathing 26 may be molded on the stabilizer bar 12 with a smooth surface provided that the resin of the sheathing 26 and the stabilizer bar 12 to be combined are fully fixed. If the adhesion of the resin to the stabilizer bar 12 is unsatisfactory, in contrast with this, a molded portion of the sheathing 26 may additionally be knurled or serrated after being shot-peened.
  • the rubber bush 24 has an external shape larger than the internal shape of the mounting fixture 22 , and the through-hole 30 is formed with a shape smaller than the external shape of the cylinder portion 36 of the sheathing 26 .
  • the mounting fixture 22 is fitted on the outside of the rubber bush 24 , which is mounted on the sheathing 26 , and fixed to the vehicle body frame, the rubber bush 24 is pressed inward by both the sheathing 26 and the mounting fixture 22 .
  • the fixing member 14 that is fixed to the vehicle body frame is kept in a state such that a compressive force (preload) is continually applied to the inside of the rubber bush 24 .
  • the preload should be set to a sufficiently large value such that it cannot be reduced to zero when the stabilizer 10 operates.
  • the through-hole 30 may be formed with a shape equal to or larger than the external shape of the sheathing 26 . Also in this case, the through-hole 30 is formed so that the sheathing 26 is pressed inward and subjected to a compressive force by the rubber bush 24 when the rubber bush 24 is attached to the mounting fixture 22 .
  • the sheathing 26 is formed on the surface of the stabilizer bar 12 by injection molding, the stabilizer bar 12 and the sheathing 26 closely contact each other, thereby preventing water or dust from infiltrating or adhering between them. Accordingly, the surface of the stabilizer bar 12 between the stabilizer bar 12 and the sheathing 26 can be prevented from rusting, so that its durability can be improved. Since the sheathing 26 and the stabilizer bar 12 cannot be dislocated from each other, moreover, no noise can be produced.
  • the sheathing 26 is formed on the stabilizer bar 12 by injection molding, it can be provided with ease. Further, the sheathing 26 can be securely fixed to the stabilizer bar 12 by the shot peening for the stabilizer bar 12 before molding without requiring any special processing before the injection molding. Thus, the time required for labor and processing can be shortened, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced considerably, as compared with the case where a conventional rubber bush is adhesively bonded or vulcanization-molded.
  • the rubber bush 24 can be opened at its cut portion 32 and assembled to the sheathing 26 , so that the stabilizer bar 12 can be easily attached to the vehicle body frame. Since the rubber bush 24 and the sheathing 26 are not adhesively bonded, moreover, the rubber bush 24 can be easily removed from the sheathing 26 . Thus, the rubber bush 24 can be replaced by a simple operation, so that the replacement cost can be reduced.
  • the stabilizer effect can be fully exhibited.
  • a wheel on one side drops into a depression so that one side of the suspension 20 lowers while the vehicle is running.
  • an angle is formed or extended between the left- and right-hand arm portions 15 , which twists the torsion part 13 and produces a reaction force.
  • the sheathings 26 are also rotated around their respective axes, so that the cylinder portions 36 rotate, thereby compressing the rubber material of the rubber bushes 24 between the tops of the cylinder portions 36 in the rotating direction of the stabilizer bar 12 .
  • the compressive reaction force of the rubber bushes 24 is transmitted to the arm portions 15 , whereby the responsiveness at the initial stage of rolling is improved, so that the driving stability of the vehicle is enhanced.
  • the stabilizer 10 can be reduced in weight and cost.
  • the sheathing 26 may be fixed to the stabilizer bar 12 by adhesive bonding or welding instead of injection molding.
  • the sheathing 26 should preferably be formed of a resin, moreover, it may alternatively be formed of another material, e.g., hard rubber, synthetic rubber, etc.
  • the following is a description of another example of the stabilizer 10 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a sheathing 26 .
  • the sheathing 26 has an axially rugged configuration on its outer peripheral surface. It is formed so as not to be circumferentially dislocated from a rubber bush 24 and is axially tapered on one side. Further, a rugged configuration for integral assembly is formed on the inner surface of a through-hole 30 of the rubber bush 24 so as to correspond to the rugged configuration of the sheathing 26 .
  • fixing members 14 can prevent the stabilizer bar 12 from rotating around the axis and moving axially, so that the same effect as aforementioned can be exhibited.
  • FIG. 8 shows another example.
  • each top part of a cylinder portion 36 has a convex shape in cross-section when cut along a plane that passes through the central axis of a stabilizer bar 12 . If a sheathing 26 formed in this manner is assembled to a rubber bush 24 that has a through-hole 30 corresponding to this rugged configuration, circumferential dislocation can be restrained by the top parts. Since the top parts are convex with respect to the axial direction, moreover, an axial movement can also be restrained.
  • each top part of the cylinder portion 36 may have a concave shape, depressed in the center, instead of being convex.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example in which the transverse width of a rubber bush 24 is longer than that of a sheathing 26 along the axis of a stabilizer bar 12 .
  • the sheathing 26 covers the inside of the rubber bush 24 so that water, dust, etc., can be prevented from infiltrating between the rubber bush 24 and the sheathing 26 .
  • the sheathing 26 may be formed so that its axial width is longer than that of the rubber bush 24 along the stabilizer bar 12 , that is, the sheathing 26 is exposed on the opposite sides of the rubber bush 24 .
  • the sheathing 26 is formed axially with the stabilizer bar 12 in the example described above, they need not always be coaxial with each other. Further, the cross section of the stabilizer bar 12 may be of any desired shape other than a circular shape and may be either hollow or solid. Although the fixing member 14 is provided on the frame of the vehicle body, the distal end of the arm portion may be attached to the frame.
  • the sheathing 26 should only be formed with one irregularity provided that the rubber bush 24 and the sheathing 26 can engage each other at least circumferentially.
  • the collar portion 34 may be formed in any desired position along the axis, e.g., in the center of the sheathing 26 , instead of being formed on the axial end portion of the sheathing 26 .
  • the outer surface of the sheathing 26 and the inner surface of the rubber bush 24 need not be in close contact with each other throughout the circumference of the sheathing 26 . Further, the sheathing 26 and the rubber bush 24 may be configured so that a gap is formed between them when the stabilizer 10 is driven to twist the stabilizer bar 12 .
  • the sheathing 26 may be provided with a projection member that is configured to be inserted through the inner surface of the rubber bush 24 .
  • the projection member may be inserted into a crack that is formed in the inner wall surface of the through-hole 30 of the rubber bush 24 by the projection member.
  • a plurality of projections may be formed on the surface of the sheathing 26 and caused to engage with the inner surface of the through-hole 30 of the rubber bush 24 .
  • the rubber bush 24 may be attached to the sheathing 26 through the axial end of the stabilizer bar 12 without being formed with the cut portion 32 .
  • the mounting fixture 22 may be fitted into a hollow that is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the rubber bush 24 . If this is done, the rubber bush 24 can be prevented from being disengaged from the mounting fixture 22 even when the rubber bush 24 is subjected to a force along the axis of the stabilizer bar 12 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
US12/797,807 2008-02-21 2010-06-10 Vehicle stabilizer Abandoned US20100244395A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/471,201 US8382129B2 (en) 2008-02-21 2012-05-14 Vehicle stabilizer

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008040500A JP2009196505A (ja) 2008-02-21 2008-02-21 車両用スタビライザ
JP2008-040500 2008-02-21
PCT/JP2009/053616 WO2009104815A1 (en) 2008-02-21 2009-02-20 Vehicle stabilizer

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2009/053616 Continuation WO2009104815A1 (en) 2008-02-21 2009-02-20 Vehicle stabilizer

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/471,201 Division US8382129B2 (en) 2008-02-21 2012-05-14 Vehicle stabilizer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100244395A1 true US20100244395A1 (en) 2010-09-30

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/797,807 Abandoned US20100244395A1 (en) 2008-02-21 2010-06-10 Vehicle stabilizer
US13/471,201 Active US8382129B2 (en) 2008-02-21 2012-05-14 Vehicle stabilizer

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/471,201 Active US8382129B2 (en) 2008-02-21 2012-05-14 Vehicle stabilizer

Country Status (7)

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US (2) US20100244395A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP2244896B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2009196505A (ja)
KR (1) KR20100093604A (ja)
CN (1) CN101909911B (ja)
ES (1) ES2576030T3 (ja)
WO (1) WO2009104815A1 (ja)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110025013A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2011-02-03 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Stabilizer device and process for production thereof
US20110115182A1 (en) * 2008-07-18 2011-05-19 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Stabilizer device
US20120024463A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-02 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method of producing a stabilizer with a stabilizer bearing
US8613460B2 (en) * 2010-12-07 2013-12-24 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Bush- and bracket-integrated stabilizer bar
US9004511B1 (en) 2013-10-09 2015-04-14 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Stabilizing bar mounting structure
US20150239319A1 (en) * 2012-10-26 2015-08-27 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Bush for stabilizer, fastening tool, and fastening method
US20160303938A1 (en) * 2015-04-16 2016-10-20 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Bracket
DE102017215171A1 (de) 2017-08-30 2019-02-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fahrzeuglenkers für eine Radaufhängung sowie Fahrzeuglenker
US10661624B2 (en) * 2017-09-04 2020-05-26 Mazda Motor Corporation Suspension device for vehicle
US11685209B2 (en) 2018-12-26 2023-06-27 Hyundai Motor Company Composite material bush

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US20080277847A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-13 The Pullman Company Bushing having self-lubricating overmold
JP5860273B2 (ja) * 2011-11-25 2016-02-16 オイレス工業株式会社 スタビライザブッシュおよび軸受装置
DE102015104864A1 (de) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 Thyssenkrupp Ag Lagerelement für einen Stabilisator eines Fahrzeugs
EP3495177B1 (en) * 2016-08-03 2021-09-01 NHK Spring Co., Ltd. Vehicle spring production method and vehicle spring

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CN101909911B (zh) 2012-10-03
WO2009104815A1 (en) 2009-08-27
ES2576030T3 (es) 2016-07-05
EP2244896B1 (en) 2016-04-13
EP2244896A4 (en) 2012-01-04
EP2244896A1 (en) 2010-11-03
KR20100093604A (ko) 2010-08-25
US20120223499A1 (en) 2012-09-06
US8382129B2 (en) 2013-02-26
CN101909911A (zh) 2010-12-08

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