US20070084523A1 - Systems and methods for replenishing fuel-cell-powered portable devices - Google Patents

Systems and methods for replenishing fuel-cell-powered portable devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070084523A1
US20070084523A1 US11/232,912 US23291205A US2007084523A1 US 20070084523 A1 US20070084523 A1 US 20070084523A1 US 23291205 A US23291205 A US 23291205A US 2007084523 A1 US2007084523 A1 US 2007084523A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
portable device
portable
station
refilling
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Abandoned
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US11/232,912
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerard McLean
Olen Vanderleeden
Anna Stukas
Denis Connor
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BIC SA
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Angstrom Power Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US11/232,912 priority Critical patent/US20070084523A1/en
Assigned to ANGSTROM POWER INCORPORATED reassignment ANGSTROM POWER INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CONNOR, DENIS, MCLEAN, GERARD FRANCIS, STUKAS, ANNA, VANDERLEEDEN, OLEN
Priority to EP06790742A priority patent/EP1938259A4/en
Priority to JP2008531495A priority patent/JP5546764B2/ja
Priority to CA2622803A priority patent/CA2622803C/en
Priority to US12/067,644 priority patent/US9569762B2/en
Priority to CN2013102227994A priority patent/CN103354293A/zh
Priority to PCT/CA2006/001577 priority patent/WO2007033494A1/en
Priority to CN2006800422755A priority patent/CN101310297B/zh
Priority to SG201100898-4A priority patent/SG169400A1/en
Priority to KR1020087009717A priority patent/KR101408697B1/ko
Publication of US20070084523A1 publication Critical patent/US20070084523A1/en
Assigned to SOCIETE BIC reassignment SOCIETE BIC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ANGSTROM POWER INCORPORATED
Priority to JP2012252155A priority patent/JP2013058493A/ja
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/18—Payment architectures involving self-service terminals [SST], vending machines, kiosks or multimedia terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/20—Point-of-sale [POS] network systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • G06Q30/0283—Price estimation or determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F13/00—Coin-freed apparatus for controlling dispensing or fluids, semiliquids or granular material from reservoirs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to portable devices that use fuel cells, or other energy conversion devices, to obtain electrical power from fuel.
  • the invention relates particularly to systems and methods for replenishing fuel reservoirs in such portable devices.
  • Portable electronic devices such as cellular telephones, music players, portable computers, personal digital assistants, digital cameras, video camcorders, radio receivers, radio transceivers, navigation devices, combinations of these, and the like are becoming indispensable tools for business and personal affairs. Such devices are referred to herein as “portable devices” or “portable electronic devices”. Portable devices are small and lightweight enough to be carried conveniently by a person. There is increasing demand for portable devices that are very compact, light in weight and yet full featured.
  • Secondary batteries can be used multiple times and recharged after each use. However, recharging can be inconvenient. The rate at which batteries can be charged safely is limited. Most recharging technologies require from minutes to hours to recharge a secondary battery. Although better secondary battery technologies are being developed, secondary batteries tend to be heavy and can degrade over time. Frequent fast or partial charging can cause the performance of rechargeable batteries to degrade at an accelerated rate.
  • Fuel cells convert energy from a fuel, such as hydrogen or methanol, into electricity. Fuel cells are an attractive power source for portable electronic devices, in part because they have the potential to provide higher energy densities than most battery technologies. Thus, a fuel-cell-powered device can potentially offer extended runtime and/or higher power output than a comparable battery-powered device. Another advantage of fuel-cells for powering portable devices is that refuelling can be accomplished much more quickly than recharging a storage battery. Fuel cell performance remains relatively constant under a wide range of working conditions.
  • a device that requires pre-filled fuel cartridges for operation has many of the same disadvantages as a device that uses primary batteries for power. Multiple cartridges must be purchased and kept on-hand to maintain the operation of the device. The cost of cartridges becomes a major consideration, especially when used in high power demand devices. The cost of a cartridge can be significantly more than the cost of the fuel contained within the cartridge because cartridges must safely contain the fuel and provide reliable mechanisms to keep the fuel inside the cartridge until it is desired to supply the fuel to a device and then to connect to the device without leaking fuel. Further, cartridges should be replaced only when the current cartridge is fully spent. A cartridge that is not completely spent will contain waste fuel with economic, environmental and possibly safety implications for disposal
  • Some fuel-cell-powered devices have on-board fuel tanks.
  • the on-board fuel tanks can be refilled with fuel before they are emptied.
  • Fuel can be added to an on-board fuel tank either through application of a field refuelling cartridge or through the use of a fixed refuelling station. For example:
  • Providing a portable device having a refillable fuel reservoir does not provide a complete solution to the above problems because of the high cost of refuelling stations relative to the portable devices that they service. Even having a home refuelling station is not ideal since a portable device may run low on fuel while its user is not at home.
  • a refuelling station There is a significant capital cost associated with a refuelling station. This cost typically far exceeds the initial cost of a fuel- powered portable device. Therefore, individual users are unlikely to be able to justify the purchase of a refuelling station. Further, even if the user did purchase a refuelling station, the portable device would need to be brought to the refuelling station each time it is required to fill the portable device with fuel. This would be inconvenient.
  • a further obstacle is that a typical portable device can accept only a relatively very small amount of fuel at one time.
  • Refuelling a vehicle such as a car, may involve transferring on the order of 500,000 WHr of energy.
  • a complete refuelling of a portable fuel cell powered device may involve a transfer of on the order of 10 WHr or even less energy.
  • Partial, top-up, refuelings may involve the exchange of even less energy. While a vehicle refuelling transaction is significant enough to support the overhead associated with processing payment, processing payment for a refuelling transaction for a low-powered portable device would involve costs that are out of proportion to the size of the transaction.
  • the inventor has developed a business model and associated systems and methods that can make it viable to provide and support a network of geographically distributed stations for replenishing portable devices with small amounts of fuel.
  • the availability of such a network may provide enhanced convenience for users of portable electronic devices by eliminating reliance on either primary or secondary batteries.
  • Such a network can permit the almost instantaneous ‘top up’ of fuel tanks in portable devices at times most convenient to users.
  • the use of such a network can eliminate the overhead costs and potential wastefulness of cartridge only refuelling.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system according to a simple embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of recharging station and POS terminal that are interconnected to provide a means for automatically adding a cost for a refuelling transaction to another transaction.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method that may be performed in conjunction with the systems of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a system according to another embodiment of the invention in which payments for refuelling transactions are processed by an independent billing system, such as a billing system for a telephone company.
  • an independent billing system such as a billing system for a telephone company.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method that may be performed in conjunction with the system of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a system according to another embodiment of the invention wherein refuelling is made available to pre-authorized portable devices.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a refilling station of a type that could be used in refilling systems.
  • This invention provides systems that include a network of geographically-distributed stations for refilling portable devices with fuel.
  • the stations may be used to rapidly refuel or top-up fuel tanks on small fuel-powered devices.
  • the fuel-powered devices may comprise fuel cells that generate electricity to operate the portable devices.
  • the device may be a portable fuel-cell-powered portable telephone, music player, personal digital assistant, digital camera, video camcorder, computer, radio receiver or transceiver, power tool, or any other fuel-powered portable device.
  • a user may replenish fuel stores in one, two, or more portable devices using the refuelling stations of the network.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 illustrate systems that can avoid or eliminate this problem.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system 100 that comprises a plurality of refilling stations 102 .
  • Each refilling station 102 is located at a retail establishment 106 A, 106 B, . . . 106 N (collectively establishments 106 ) at which goods or services are sold to members of the public who include prospective users of system 100 .
  • Each retail establishment 106 includes a cash register or POS terminal 104 used to process sales transactions for the retail establishment 106 .
  • an employee of the retail establishment 106 processes payment for the purchase using POS terminal 104 in a payment transaction.
  • the customer may optionally choose to refill a portable device 108 with fuel (this may involve filling an internal reservoir in the portable device 108 or filling a refillable cartridge that can be connected to the portable device 108 ) using the refilling station 102 of the retail establishment 106 (in the illustrated example, the customer is at retail establishment 106 A). If the customer makes this choice then a suitable amount is added to the payment transaction, which is then processed.
  • the customer may make payment by credit card, debit card, prepaid card, cash, cheque, or any other mode of payment accepted by the retail establishment.
  • the act of refilling the portable device from the refilling station may be performed while the payment transaction is being carried out. For example, refilling may be performed in 30 seconds or less since only a small quantity of fuel must be transferred to the portable device. Therefore, a user will not need to spend significant additional time to have their portable device refilled with fuel.
  • combining the payment for refilling a portable device 108 with payment for some other good(s) or service(s) avoids incurring overhead for processing a separate payment transaction for refilling the portable device with fuel.
  • the system may permit users to purchase fuel refills for a portable device in a transaction separate from any other transaction.
  • a premium price may be applied to such separate transactions to account for the overhead in processing the separate transaction.
  • the system illustrated in FIG. 1 has a number of other advantages including:
  • Operation of system 100 may be facilitated by providing a button 109 or other user interface control on POS terminal 104 that is pre-programmed or otherwise configured to add a small set amount for refilling a portable device to the current sales transaction.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a retail establishment 106 having a recharging station 102 that is coupled to a POS terminal 104 by interface 112 .
  • Interface 112 facilitates automatically adding the cost for a refilling transaction to another purchase transaction.
  • interface 112 carries a signal 114 indicating that a refill has been performed.
  • POS terminal 104 adds an appropriate payment amount for the refill transaction to another payment transaction for the customer and subsequently processes the payment transaction.
  • Signal 114 may include information that specifies the payment amount to be charged for the refilling transaction.
  • refilling station 102 comprises a fuel meter 116 that measures the amount of fuel dispensed to refill a portable device.
  • signal 114 may encode information indicating the amount of fuel dispensed. The precise character of signal 114 will depend upon whether refills are to be charged at a flat rate or based upon a measure of the volume of fuel delivered and also upon how determination of the payment amount to be charged for the refill is distributed between refilling station 102 and POS terminal 104 .
  • signal 114 may:
  • Signal 114 may be generated by control circuits (which may include a programmable controller executing software instructions) of refilling station 102 and may be received by a data processor in POS terminal 104 .
  • interface 112 may carry signals 115 from POS terminal 104 to refilling station 102 .
  • Refilling station 102 may be configured to require a suitable signal 115 authorizing it to operate before it is operable to refill a portable device 108 .
  • Interface 112 may comprise any suitable wired or wireless interface capable of conveying signals 114 and/or 115 between refilling station 102 and POS terminal 104 .
  • some or all of retail establishments 106 may have an interface 112 connecting POS terminal 104 to refilling station 102 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a method 130 that may be practised in conjunction with network 100 of FIG. 1 .
  • a payment transaction for goods or services is initiated.
  • Block 132 may comprise a cashier beginning a new transaction at a cash register or other POS terminal.
  • a portable device is refilled with fuel at a refuelling station.
  • a payment amount for refilling the portable device is generated.
  • Block 136 may be performed automatically by way of an interface connecting a refilling station to a POS terminal or entirely or partly manually, for example, by a cashier manually entering a charge for refilling at a cash register or a cashier pushing a programmed button on a POS terminal.
  • the payment amount for refilling is combined into the payment transaction.
  • the payment transaction is processed to pay for both the goods and/or services and refilling the portable device.
  • the payment transaction for the goods and/or services is for an amount of money that is much greater than the payment amount for refilling the portable device.
  • the payment for the goods and services exceeds the payment amount for refilling by a factor of 40 or more and in many cases by a factor of 200 or more.
  • step 137 A an amount of fuel transferred to the portable device is measured.
  • step 137 B the payment amount for refilling the portable device is computed based upon the measured amount of fuel transferred.
  • the timing of the various blocks in method 130 can be varied. Blocks 132 and 136 can be performed simultaneously or in any order prior to block 138 . Block 134 may be performed before, during or after blocks 132 , 136 and 138 . In preferred embodiments, block 134 is performed concurrently with some or all of blocks 132 , 136 and 138 .
  • Retail establishment 106 A is a coffee shop.
  • a customer at the coffee shop has a fuel-cell-powered portable telephone that uses hydrogen gas as a fuel.
  • the user orders a large cup of coffee priced at $1.50 and a muffin priced at $1.75.
  • the user requests a fuel refill.
  • the cashier of retail establishment 106 A rings in the user's coffee and muffin purchases, connects the user's portable telephone 108 to refilling station 102 and presses button 109 on POS terminal 104 .
  • button 109 POS terminal 104 adds 2 ⁇ to the current transaction.
  • POS terminal 104 computes and adds applicable taxes to the $3.27 in charges.
  • the user pays for the entire transaction with a debit card.
  • POS terminal 104 determines that the current transaction is over a threshold amount and so does not charge for refilling the portable telephone 108 . If the gas purchase had been for less than a threshold amount, POS terminal 104 would have added a small amount (e.g. 1 ⁇ to the amount of the transaction).
  • refilling stations 102 It is not necessary that all of refilling stations 102 be commonly owned or managed. Management of a retail establishment 106 may own, lease or rent a recharging station 102 . In the alternative, recharging stations 102 may be placed by an independent business that places and services recharging stations 102 in much the same way that some businesses operate networks of vending machines. As network 100 becomes popular, retail establishments are motivated to have recharging stations 102 because customers will seek out retail establishments at which they can refill their portable devices with fuel.
  • Refilling stations 102 are not necessarily located only at retail establishments. Other establishments may provide refilling stations 102 for the convenience of their customers even if customers do not pay for goods and services each time they partake of services at the establishment. For example, gyms, clubs, bars etc. may provide refilling stations 102 as a service to their patrons.
  • retail establishments 106 include a wide range of different types of establishment such that a user who is going about his or her normal daily routine will likely do business with several of retail establishments 106 during the course of their day. It is particularly beneficial if refilling stations 102 are distributed geographically over a wide area so that a user can readily find a refilling station 102 wherever he or she goes within the area.
  • refilling stations 102 are fairly densely distributed within the area so that the user will not need to spend energy seeking refilling stations 102 but, with a high probability, will come upon refilling stations 102 frequently enough during the course of a typical day's activities that the user will never be at risk of running out of fuel for the portable device 108 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a network 150 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Network 150 allows the refilling of portable devices with fuel to be authorized and/or paid for through the use of an outside billing system 152 .
  • the internal design of billing system 152 is not important. Billing systems suitable for telephone networks, internet service providers, utility companies, and the like are in common use and are well understood by those skilled in the art of their design.
  • a filling station 102 there are at least three broad ways in which a filling station 102 , device 108 and billing system 152 can cooperate automatically to authorize a filling station to provide fuel to a particular device 108 . These are:
  • the device 108 to be refueled is ‘pre-approved’ and communicates a pre-approval key to refueling station 102 .
  • Any of these mechanisms can be implemented in a way which makes it unnecessary for the user to follow, or even to know any details about, the process of authorizing a filling station 102 to transfer fuel to a user's portable device 108 .
  • Outside billing system 152 may be a system on which users of portable devices already have accounts for some other purpose.
  • the outside billing system may bill for goods or services related to the operation of the portable device.
  • the portable device may comprise a portable telephone and the outside billing system may be a billing system of a telephone company, the portable device may comprise a music player and the billing system may be the billing system of a music provider, or the like.
  • Outside billing system 152 may be associated with one or more of:
  • Network 150 comprises a plurality of fuel filling stations 102 . Only a one filling station 102 is shown. A system 150 would typically have dozens, hundreds or thousands of refilling stations 102 . Each portable device 108 to be refuelled by filling stations 102 of network 150 has an identifier 154 . Identifier 154 comprises information stored within or otherwise associated with a portable device that can be communicated to billing network 152 to verify that the portable device is authorized to use the filling stations 102 of network 150 and/or to identify an account to which refilling costs can be charged.
  • Identifier 154 may optionally include information about one or more of: the portable device, its fuel requirements, its energy source, procedures for transferring fuel to the portable device, a resource identifier for a source of external information relating to the portable device.
  • filling stations 102 include readers 158 that read information from the identifiers 154 of a portable device that are presented to the filling station 102 for filling.
  • the filling station can communicate with billing system 152 by way of a communication path 160 .
  • Filling station 102 makes a request to billing system 152 to fill a portable device 108 .
  • the request includes information from or based on information from the identifier 154 of the portable device 108 .
  • Billing system 152 checks the request to determine whether the portable device is authorized to be filled (e.g. to check whether there is an account on billing system 152 associated with the portable device 108 and/or whether any account restrictions as to factors such as time of day, day of week, time since last refill or the like have been met.
  • billing system 152 sends a message to filling station 102 authorizing the filling station 102 to refill the portable device 108 with fuel. If not, billing system 152 does not authorize operation of the filling station and the transfer of fuel from the filling station to the portable device does not proceed.
  • a payment amount for refilling a portable device 108 may be a flat rate amount or may be based on an amount of fuel transferred to the portable device 108 . If the payment is based upon an amount of fuel transferred to the portable device then filling station 102 communicates information indicative of the amount of fuel transferred to billing system 152 .
  • Communication of information from identifier 154 to filling station 152 may be performed using any suitable wired or wireless communication technology. Many alternative kinds of identifier 154 may be used. Some examples are:
  • Communication path 160 may comprise a wide area network, the internet, a telephone line, a wireless connection or some combination of these, for example.
  • portable device 108 may, itself, have communications capability. Such embodiments are practical where portable device 108 is a portable telephone, portable computer with wireless connectivity, e-mail appliance, or the like. In such embodiments, portable device 108 may gather information regarding a refilling station 102 to which it is connected and automatically negotiate a refilling transaction with billing system 152 .
  • Portable device 108 sends a service request 157 to billing system 152 .
  • Service request 157 may be based upon both information about the portable device 108 , which may be obtained from internal identifier 154 , and information 155 regarding the filling station 102 .
  • Information 155 may comprise information from an identifier stored in or associated with filling station 102 or geographical coordinates of filling station 102 as determined by a global positioning system 162 associated with portable device 108 , for example.
  • Information 155 could be a very simple piece of information (connected/not connected) or could comprise a more detailed set of information comprising one or more of:
  • Billing system 152 returns a digital key 159 to the portable device 108 .
  • Portable device 108 provides the digital key 159 or information derived from the digital key 159 to the refilling station 102 .
  • refilling station is made operable to refill portable device 108 with fuel.
  • Portable device 108 may communicate with refilling station 102 in any suitable manner. Some possible examples are:
  • Service request 157 may be carried in any suitable manner and have any suitable format.
  • service request 157 comprises a telephone call made to a telephone number associated with billing system 152 .
  • the telephone number is set up so that calls to the number automatically result in a small charge in an appropriate flat rate refuelling amount being added to the account of the calling party. This may use existing mechanisms for charging for telephone calls.
  • service request comprises transmitting digital data to billing system 152 .
  • the key 159 provided by billing system 152 may, for example, be encrypted using a suitable public key encryption system.
  • the system is preferably set up to permit a user to pay for use of the system together with other services.
  • payment could be based on any of:
  • An advantage of embodiments which exploit communications capabilities of portable devices 108 is that, in such embodiments, it is not mandatory to provide refilling station 102 with a communications system that would permit communication directly between refilling stations 102 and a remote system. All that is required is some way for refilling station 102 to communicate with portable device 108 .
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method 190 that may be performed in conjunction with system 150 of FIG. 4 .
  • a user connects a portable device 108 to a filling station 102 .
  • the portable device receives information that at least can be used to identify the filling station 102 .
  • the portable device generates and forwards to a billing system a service request.
  • the billing system 152 verifies from information in the service request that the portable device is entitled to be refueled (e.g. that the user of the portable device 108 has a current account on billing system 152 ).
  • billing system 152 generates and forwards to portable device 108 a digital key and in block 201 creates a transaction record.
  • Block 201 may include creating a debit for a payment amount for the fueling transaction and applying the debit to an account with which the portable device 108 is associated. Creating a debit is optional if the user has a flat-rate or “unlimited” plan.
  • portable device 108 provides the digital key to filling station 102 .
  • filling station 102 verifies the digital key.
  • filling station 102 operates to refill portable device 108 with fuel.
  • Method 190 can be varied. It can be seen that the basic scheme of method 190 is:
  • the user and/or portable device 108 Prior to invoking method 190 the user and/or portable device 108 must be known to billing system 152 . In some embodiments this is accomplished by:
  • System 150 may be used in cases where a portable device 108 is associated with a pre-authorized refuelling plan that does not require separate payments for each refuelling transaction. For example, a user of portable device 108 may pay a monthly rate for access to network 150 or may be entitled to access network 150 as an incident to having purchased a package of services such as a cellular telephone plan, an internet service provision agreement, a contract with a utility company or the like. In such embodiments, billing network 152 does not need to track payment amounts for each time a portable device 108 is refilled at a refilling station 102 . Billing network 152 verify that the portable device 108 is authorized to access system 150 and, if so, can authorize filling station 102 to refill the portable device 108 with fuel.
  • each portable device 108 has its own identifier 154 and information from that identifier 154 is automatically exchanged with a billing system 152 .
  • a fuel powered portable device may be associated with a particular billing account by way of direct user interaction.
  • a user may provide identification information by:
  • the portable device 108 may carry internally a key 159 .
  • the portable device 108 may communicate with billing system 152 only during the initial acquisition of key 159 .
  • the portable device 108 may provide the key 159 to the refilling station 102 to which it is connected and for filling station 102 to verify that the key is still valid.
  • Filling station 102 may have a key verification system 161 for this purpose. If key verification system 161 determines that the key is valid then filling station 102 can operate to transfer fuel to the portable device 108 . Otherwise filling station 102 will not operate.
  • a key 159 may comprise encrypted information that includes an expiry date, for example. An example embodiment in which a key 159 is carried internally in a portable device 108 is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • a refilling station 102 for use in any of the systems described herein may have any suitable construction and may dispense any suitable fuels.
  • fuels that may be distributed by such a system include hydrogen gas and methanol.
  • the mechanisms by which portable devices 108 consume fuel is not important to the invention.
  • Portable devices 108 could use the fuel to generate electricity in fuel cells of types now known or types to be discovered in the future. In alternative embodiments, portable devices could use fuel for energy in other ways.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a refilling station 240 of a type that could be used in systems for refilling portable devices with fuel.
  • Refilling station 240 includes a fuel connector 242 for connecting to a portable device 108 (a filling station 240 could optionally have multiple different fuel connectors for delivering fuel to portable devices having different kinds of connector for receiving fuel), a fuel reservoir 244 containing fuel 246 to be dispensed, and a valve system 248 that optionally includes a fuel meter.
  • a controller 250 controls valve system 248 to dispense fuel to a connected portable device 108 .
  • Controller 250 may comprise a programmed microprocessor, for example.
  • filling station 240 could be connected to an external supply of fuel.
  • filling station 240 could include a fuel generator.
  • filling station 240 could include a cell for generating hydrogen gas by the electrolysis of water.
  • Filling station 240 also has a communication port 252 for exchanging information with a connected portable device 108 and, in some embodiments, a communication port 254 for exchanging communication with a remote system such as a billing system 152 , or a management system 260 that monitors the status of filling station 102 and arranges requests for maintenance of filling station 102 , when required.
  • a remote system such as a billing system 152 , or a management system 260 that monitors the status of filling station 102 and arranges requests for maintenance of filling station 102 , when required.
  • filling station 102 has a keypad 261 and card reader 262 for receiving information from a user as well as a display 263 for providing instructions to a user and for providing information regarding the status of any fuel transfers or other service operations being performed by the filling station 240 .
  • Filling station 240 may optionally include features for verifying compatibility with specific portable devices 108 and/or other safety features.
  • filling station 240 may comprise one or more of:
  • Some portable fuel-powered electronic devices require service operations in addition to refuelling.
  • Some examples of such service operations include:
  • a system according to the invention may include some self-serve fuel vending machines in addition to filling stations of the type described above. Such vending machines could accept direct payment for fuel. Such vending machines could be provided in locations where there is sufficient demand for fuel to outweigh the costs and inconvenience to the user associated with processing payment transactions for individual fueling transactions. Such vending machines can be similar in construction to refilling stations 102 or 240 with the addition of a payment acceptance mechanism. Examples of means of payment that could be accepted by a fuel vending machine include cash, prepaid tokens, prepaid electronic debit cards or other means of instantaneous payment. Such systems are common in the vending industry and are therefore not described herein. A vending machine could also operate either as a filling station 102 for portable devices 108 associated with accounts on a billing system or the like and as a vending machine for portable devices 108 not associated withe such accounts.
  • a refilling station may be combined with other automatic service-provision machines such as automatic teller machines (ATMs), vending machines selling food, drink or other commodities, other networks of stationary kiosk-type service devices, or the like.
  • ATMs automatic teller machines
  • bank machines are distributed in broad networks over many physical locations on multiple continents.
  • a user engaged in a transaction with a bank machine is by definition in communication with a billing/financial transaction network.
  • a fuel cell service station could readily be added as a peripheral device to the bank machine.
  • Association of a refilling station with the banking machine or other network kiosk extends user convenience by allowing refuelling to be completed during other regular transactions.
  • Billing and/or authorization for refilling the portable device may be combined with and/or use facilities (such as communication links, billing systems etc.) provided primarily for the normal transaction being completed.
  • the embodiments described herein permit charges for fueling portable devices to be paid for together with other goods and services and/or paid for in a lump sum. This avoids the problem that the overhead associated with processing payments individually for very small amounts of fuel could add costs similar to or greater than the value of the fuel transferred. Further, the cost of refilling transactions can be determined by a previously-negotiated rule. Users will not have to think twice about refilling portable devices. Also, rules governing the fuel cell—service station transaction (e.g.
  • rules relating to whether a particular portable device is entitled to receive fuel from a particular filling station 102 can be piggybacked onto rules governing the provision of other services relating to the portable device (such as cellular telephone services, wireless internet access services or the like) or other services relating to the filling station (such as retail services being provided at the location of the refilling station).
  • other services relating to the portable device such as cellular telephone services, wireless internet access services or the like
  • other services relating to the filling station such as retail services being provided at the location of the refilling station.
  • a system as described herein can facilitate various types of business transactions that can benefit consumers and businesses alike.
  • users of fuel-cell-powered cellular telephones may purchase a ‘fueling contract’ when they buy a cellular telephone (or later).
  • a cellular telephone user is relieved from needing to discretely negotiate and pay for every refuelling or service transaction. Instead, the user pays once for an overall contract for provision of services.
  • a service provider might provide the following refueling plans:
  • Providers of mobile services can extend their business to include the provision of fuel and related services. Therefore it becomes possible for current providers of information services to extend the business into the provision of portable energy.
  • a system of refilling stations, as described herein, in combination with one of the business structures described herein can result in radical changes in consumer behaviour and surprisingly significant improvements in the convenience with which consumers can use portable electronic devices of a wide variety of types.
  • Such systems can support rapid refuelling and ‘top up’ refuelling.
  • Prior technologies require users to purchase expensive batteries or to charge storage batteries. These technologies strive to maximize the time until it becomes necessary to endure the inconvenience of charging or replacing batteries.
  • Systems according to this invention facilitate frequent topping up of fuel supplies with virtually no inconvenience to users, since the topping up can be performed concurrently with some other transaction that the user will perform anyway.
  • Refilling a portable device 108 can typically be completed in less than the time it takes to complete most regular transactions that users might become involved in.
  • a consumer who is in the habit of topping up a cellular telephone while they buy a cup of coffee, when they buy groceries, when they are dealing with a bank teller, when they stop at the hardware store, when they pay for a meal at a restaurant, when they pay for a purchase of fuel for a car, etc. can enjoy continuous use of their cellular telephone without having to worry about running out of power.
  • the user does business of some kind at a location that has a refilling station 102 at least as frequently as a full charge of fuel lasts, the user's cellular telephone will never need separate attention as it will always be fuelled.
  • the businesses may include any businesses at which users may visit to conduct transactions.
  • the businesses may include:
  • the technology described herein removes a time barrier associated with refueling or recharging that has precluded this type of transaction in the past.
  • a second barrier to this fast refueling being deployed is the inordinate bother and cost associated with negotiating the financial aspect of the refuelling transaction, since the actual cost of these top up fuelings will be very low.
  • the ability to ‘top up’ (e.g. partially refill) a system at low cost and with minimal effort can provide very significant benefits in comparison to a model in which a user replaces fuel cartridges when the cartridges are empty.
  • a user can refill a portable device any time that the user is at a refilling station. At that point, the user knows that the device will continue to run for its full run-time.
  • a cartridge replacement model of operation requires the user to travel with a spare cartridge at all times and be ready to switch when needed, or to make a decision to partially waste the contents of a partially spent cartridge in order to guarantee operation for a specified time period.
  • a home-based refueling model is even worse, requiring that the duration of operation be always shorter than the time it will take to get back home again.
  • the operator of a network of refilling stations 102 can benefit in at least the following ways:

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US11/232,912 US20070084523A1 (en) 2005-09-23 2005-09-23 Systems and methods for replenishing fuel-cell-powered portable devices
KR1020087009717A KR101408697B1 (ko) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 연료 전지 작동 휴대용 디바이스들의 연료 보충
PCT/CA2006/001577 WO2007033494A1 (en) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 Replenishing fuel cell powered portable devices
JP2008531495A JP5546764B2 (ja) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 燃料電池式携帯装置に燃料を補充する方法
CA2622803A CA2622803C (en) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 Systems and methods for replenishing fuel-cell-powered portable devices
US12/067,644 US9569762B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 Replenishing fuel cell powered portable devices
CN2013102227994A CN103354293A (zh) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 燃料补给站
EP06790742A EP1938259A4 (en) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 PORTABLE DEVICES POWERED BY A RECHARGEABLE FUEL CELL
CN2006800422755A CN101310297B (zh) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 用于对燃料电池供电的便携设备进行补给的系统和方法
SG201100898-4A SG169400A1 (en) 2005-09-23 2006-09-25 Systems and methods for replenishing fuel-cell-powered portable devices
JP2012252155A JP2013058493A (ja) 2005-09-23 2012-11-16 燃料電池式携帯装置に燃料を補充するシステム

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WO2007033494A8 (en) 2008-05-08
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CA2622803C (en) 2016-09-06
CA2622803A1 (en) 2007-03-29
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CN101310297B (zh) 2013-07-10
WO2007033494A1 (en) 2007-03-29
EP1938259A1 (en) 2008-07-02
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CN103354293A (zh) 2013-10-16
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