TWI783864B - 低永久壓縮形變的減震墊 - Google Patents
低永久壓縮形變的減震墊 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI783864B TWI783864B TW111103627A TW111103627A TWI783864B TW I783864 B TWI783864 B TW I783864B TW 111103627 A TW111103627 A TW 111103627A TW 111103627 A TW111103627 A TW 111103627A TW I783864 B TWI783864 B TW I783864B
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- permanent compression
- absorbing pad
- polymer material
- low permanent
- compression set
- Prior art date
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- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/37—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers of foam-like material, i.e. microcellular material, e.g. sponge rubber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Abstract
本創作關於一種低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其係由包含下列步驟之方法製得:(1) 提供一高分子材料,該高分子材料係包含一熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體,且其具有特定的熔融指數、蕭氏硬度D、拉伸模量、密度和斷裂延伸率;(2) 將該高分子材料熔融,得出一熔融的高分子材料;(3) 在該熔融的高分子材料中加入氮氣或二氧化碳,得出一混合物;(4) 將該混合物調整至超臨界狀態下進行混練,得出一超臨界流體混練物;及(5) 將該超臨界流體混練物射出成型,得出該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其永久壓縮形變量為40%以下、負加速度g值為20以下、反彈率為50%以上。
Description
本創作係關於一種低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,特別是一種透過超臨界流體射出成型的減震墊。
現有應用於減震墊的高分子材料包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物(ethylene-vinyl acetate,EVA)、聚氨酯(polyurethane,PU)、聚烯烴彈性體(polyolefin elastomer,POE)、烯烴嵌段共聚物(olefin block copolymer,OBC)等等。
早期減震墊多採用熱固性材料,如橡膠、PU、EVA,其中EVA減震墊具備輕量及減震功能,廣泛被應用在各種產業。但這些熱固性材料在製作減震墊過程中會使用化學添加劑,這些化學添加劑降解後的副產物會殘留在減震墊中,對人體和環境產生危害。且其生產過程採用架橋劑產生架橋反應,導致終端產品無法回收使用的問題。
POE、OBC這類熱塑性彈性體(thermoplastic elastomer,TPE)具有回彈性、耐久性、柔軟性,且可回收。但由於POE於後端產品中不易接著、永久壓縮形變量較差、仍須局部交聯反應改善永久壓縮變形量,故仍衍生不利於回收的問題;而OBC也存在難接著的問題,其永久壓縮形變量雖較POE略好,但仍需改進。
其他已知的熱塑性彈性體尚包括熱塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic polyurethane,TPU)、熱塑性聚烯烴(thermoplastic polyolefin,TPO)、熱塑性硫化橡膠(thermoplastic vulcanizate,TPV)、熱塑性苯乙烯(Thermoplastic styrene,TPS)、熱塑性橡膠(thermoplastic rubber,TPR)、熱塑性聚醯胺(thermoplastic amide,TPA)。但這些熱塑性彈性體都有永久壓縮形變量過高(大於40%)的問題,對減震墊來說仍有缺點。
在前述熱塑性彈性體中,TPU具有高強度、高韌性、耐磨、耐油等優異性能,其彈性、耐用性較EVA強,耐磨性優於天然橡膠,是目前廣泛應用於減震墊的材料。然而,儘管TPU減震墊具備許多優點,又可回收重複使用,但仍受限材料本身特性,有下列無法改善的問題:(1) 永久壓縮形變量仍不足(大於40%):導致長期使用後,減震墊無法回復到原先形狀,致使外觀塌陷、回彈性降低;(2) 易黃變、水解:耐候性差,陽光下易發生老化降解,縱使在加工添加抗氧化劑及光穩定劑,經置放或使用一段時間後仍無法避免。
目前已提出多種TPU的替代性材料,其中由聚酯硬鏈段(如聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯(polybutylene terephthalate,PBT)、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET))和脂肪族聚酯(如聚己內酯(polycaprolactone,PCL))軟鏈段或聚醚(如聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚氧丙二醇(polyoxypropylene glycol,PPG)、聚四亞甲基醚二醇(poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol,PTMEG)等)軟鏈段所組成的共聚酯彈性體(copolyester elastomers,簡稱COPE)是最具潛力的替代材料。COPE具有突出的機械強度、優良的回彈性、優異的耐衝擊性、良好的耐彎曲疲勞性以及出色的耐化學性和耐候性,主要應用於汽車配件、軌道墊片、工業用途、運動休閒、電器零件、電纜電線等。
有鑒於現有的TPU減震墊具有永久壓縮形變量表現不佳(大於40%)的問題,須找出可加工製成兼具低永久壓縮形變量、高減震及高反彈特性減震墊的高分子材料。此外,為了使用性能優異且能回收再利用的材料做出減震墊,同時提升減震墊的最終性能,仍有改良相關製程的必要。
在各種不同軟、硬鏈段組成的COPE中,PBT和PTMEG所組成的熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體(thermoplastic ether ester elastomer,TEEE)受到重視。然而,由於TEEE的結晶度高,不易發泡,因此目前鮮少將TEEE應用於減震墊相關的產品。
有鑑於前述現有技術的不足之處,本創作的其中一目的係提供一種兼具低永久壓縮形變量、高減震(即,低負加速度g值)及高反彈特性的減震墊。
本創作的另一目的係利用可回收再利用的高分子材料製作減震墊,進而實現將廢棄塑膠材料轉化為高價值新產品的循環。
為達上述目的,本創作提供一種低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其係由包含下列步驟之方法製得:(1) 提供一高分子材料,該高分子材料係包含一熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體,且該高分子材料於230°C之熔融指數為4 克/10分鐘 (g/10 min)至18 g/10 min、蕭氏硬度D為20至48、拉伸模量為20百萬帕 (million pascal,MPa)至70 MPa、密度為1.0克/立方公分 (g/cm
3)至1.3 g/cm
3、斷裂延伸率為300%以上;(2) 將該高分子材料熔融,得出一熔融的高分子材料;(3) 在該熔融的高分子材料中加入氮氣或二氧化碳,得出一混合物;(4)將該混合物調整至超臨界狀態下進行混練,得出一超臨界流體混練物;及(5) 將該超臨界流體混練物射出成型,得出該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊;其中該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊具有一表層及一發泡內層,該發泡內層由該表層所包覆;其中該表層的厚度為該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊之總厚度的0.05%至1.50%;該發泡內層包含複數第二孔洞,該等第二孔洞包含複數封閉式孔洞(closed pores)及複數開放式孔洞(open pores),且該等開放式孔洞之佔比為30%以上;且該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的蕭氏硬度C為30至60、平均密度為0.10 g/cm
3至0.35 g/cm
3、永久壓縮形變量小於或等於40%、負加速度g值小於或等於20、反彈率大於或等於50%。
本創作透過選擇、回收再利用具有特定熔融指數、蕭氏硬度D、拉伸模量、密度及斷裂延伸率在特定範圍內的高分子材料,並結合超臨界流體射出成型步驟,成功獲得具有特定比例之開放式孔洞的結構,得出具有低永久壓縮形變量、高減震及高反彈特性的減震墊。所述原料可選用回收的熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體、或選用市售的熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體,不需要刻意調整原料的硬鏈段與軟鏈段的比例;另外使用超臨界流體射出成型來達到發泡效果,不需要使用高揮發性的化學發泡劑(如戊烷),不會產生有毒物質,也沒有造成火災或汙染的疑慮,應用層面更為廣泛。
可以理解的是,本創作也可依所需之特定熔融指數、蕭氏硬度D、拉伸模量、密度及斷裂延伸率範圍,選擇、或改性(compounding)得出想要的高分子材料,從而完成本創作。
在一些具體實施例中,該熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體具有如下式(I)及式(II)所示之單體:
(I),
(II),
其中式(I)所示之單體佔10重量%至45重量%;式(II)所示之單體佔55重量%至90重量%,n為3至35的整數。
在一些具體實施例中,式(II)中的n可為4、5、6、7、8、9、10、20、30。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料可為100重量%之該熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料進一步包含一改質熱塑性彈性體。在一些具體實施例中,該改質熱塑性彈性體可為熱塑性聚氨酯、熱塑性聚醚醯胺嵌段共聚物(poly(ether-block-amide) copolymer)或其組合。較佳的,該改質熱塑性彈性體可為熱塑性聚氨酯。
在一些具體實施例中,該熱塑性聚醚醯胺嵌段共聚物可為商品名Pebax
®的市售產品,其係為由剛性聚醯胺和柔性聚醚嵌段組成的熱塑性彈性體。
在一些具體實施例中,該熱塑性聚氨酯的蕭氏硬度A為80至95。在一些具體實施例中,該熱塑性聚氨酯可作為發泡性能提升劑。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料包含大於或等於70重量%至低於100重量%之該熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體、及大於0重量%至小於或等於30重量%之該改質熱塑性彈性體。在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料包含大於或等於80重量%至低於100重量%之該熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體、及大於0重量%至小於或等於20重量%之該改質熱塑性彈性體。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料進一步包含一或多種添加劑,該等添加劑可為增黏劑、加工助劑(如二氧化矽(silica)、滑石粉(talc))、抗氧化劑、紫外線吸收劑、受阻胺系化合物、潤滑劑、填充劑、阻燃劑、阻燃助劑、脫模劑、抗靜電劑、過氧化物等分子調整劑、金屬惰性劑、有機及無機系之成核劑、中和劑、制酸劑、抗菌劑、螢光增白劑、有機及無機系之顔料、賦予阻燃性或熱安定性之有機及無機化合物等。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料於230°C之熔融指數在4.5 g/10 min至18 g/10 min,或為4.7 g/10 min至16 g/10 min,或為5 g/10 min至10 g/10 min。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料的蕭氏硬度D為30至45。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料的拉伸模量為20 MPa至50 MPa,或為20 MPa至30 MPa,或為23 MPa至28 MPa。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料的密度為1.0 g/cm
3至1.25 g/cm
3,或1.0 g/cm
3至1.10 g/cm
3,或在1.03 g/cm
3至1.07 g/cm
3。
在一些具體實施例中,該高分子材料的斷裂延伸率為300%以上,或為300%至600%,或為300%至500%。
在一些具體實施例中,該步驟(3)所加入的是氮氣,且該步驟(4)係將該混合物調整至氮氣的超臨界條件,亦即溫度高於氮之臨界溫度-147°C (相當於126.2 K),且壓力高於氮之臨界壓力3.4 MPa (相當於34巴)。在一些具體實施例中,該步驟(3)所加入的是二氧化碳,且該步驟(4)係將該混合物調整至二氧化碳的超臨界條件,亦即溫度高於二氧化碳之臨界溫度為31°C (相當於304.1 K),且壓力高於二氧化碳之臨界壓力為7.38 MPa (相當於73.8巴)。在一些具體實施例中,該步驟(4)係於190°C至230°C的溫度、127巴的壓力下進行。
在一些具體實施例中,該步驟(5)係於一模具內進行,且該模具之模內洩氣延遲時間為0.0秒至0.8秒。
在一些具體實施例中,前述製法進一步包含步驟(6):將該減震墊靜置於模具中待其冷卻。在一些具體實施例中,前述製法進一步包含步驟(6):將該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊冷卻。
在一些具體實施例中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊係使用直式射出成型機或臥式射出成型機進行製備。在一些具體實施例中,本創作之製法係使用直式射出成型機進行製備。
在一些具體實施例中,該表層包含複數第一孔洞,該等第一孔洞的長徑為5微米(millimeter,μm)至100 μm,或10 μm至95 μm,或20 μm至90 μm,或30 μm至80 μm,或40 μm至70 μm,或50 μm至60 μm。在本創作中,該第一孔洞為不規則形,其長徑意指該第一孔洞之最長內徑。
在一些具體實施例中,該表層的厚度為該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊之總厚度的0.05%至1.00%,或0.10%至0.50%,或0.15%至0.45%,或0.20%至0.40%,或0.25%至0.35%,或0.30%至0.35%。
在一些具體實施例中,該發泡內層中該等第二孔洞(即,封閉式孔洞及開放式孔洞)的長徑為100 μm至400 μm,或150 μm至350 μm,或200 μm至300 μm,或250 μm至300 μm。該等第二孔洞的長徑較小時,有利於反彈;長徑較大時,則有利於減震。
在一些具體實施例中,該發泡內層中該等開放式孔洞之佔比為40%以上、50%以上、60%以上、70%以上或75%以上。在一些具體實施例中,該發泡內層中該等開放式孔洞之佔比可為30%至90%。在本創作中,該第一孔洞為不規則形,其長徑意指該第一孔洞之最長內徑。在本創作中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊發泡內層的孔洞中包裹著氣體,其中「封閉式孔洞」一詞係指單一成核點所形成的孔洞;而「開放式孔洞」一詞係指兩個以上的封閉式孔洞之間產生貫通孔所形成的孔洞。封閉式孔洞的比例越高,則該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的反彈率高,但負加速度g值也會上升,對減震效果不利。
在一些具體實施例中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊之總厚度為2公分(centimeter,cm),該表層之平均厚度為30 μm至150 μm。
在一些具體實施例中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的蕭氏硬度C為30至50。
在一些具體實施例中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的平均密度為0.1 g/cm
3至0.3 g/cm
3,0.1 g/cm
3至0.2 g/cm
3,或0.2 g/cm
3至0.3 g/cm
3。
在一些具體實施例中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的永久壓縮形變量為13%至27%,或13.5%至26.5%。
在一些具體實施例中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的負加速度g值為13.5至19。負加速度g值為鞋材減震效果的指標,g值低顯示減震效果佳。
在一些具體實施例中,該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的反彈率大於或等於60%,或為50%至80%,或為65%至68%。
在一些具體實施例中,藉由本創作之製法得出的減震墊的永久壓縮形變量小於或等於40%,負加速度g值小於或等於20,反彈率大於或等於60%。
透過下列詳細的實施方式及後附圖式的說明後,本創作的目的、優點及技術特徵當至為顯明。
減震墊的製備
本創作之減震墊係使用如圖1所示之直式射出成型機10來製備,但也可使用一般的臥式射出成型機來製備。該射出成型機10包含第一螺管11、進氣裝置12、第二螺管13、射槍14及模具15。
首先提供一高分子材料,該高分子材料係包含一熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體;且該高分子材料於230°C之熔融指數為4 g/10 min至18 g/10 min、蕭氏硬度D為20至48、拉伸模量為20 MPa至70 MPa、密度為1.0 g/cm
3至1.3 g/cm
3、斷裂延伸率為300%以上。
如表1所示,實施例1、4使用的高分子材料為熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體(TEEE),實施例2、3使用的高分子材料則為熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體與熱塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的組成物。所用的熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體可為市售的熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體-DuPont 4068、DuPont 3078等。所用的熱塑性聚氨酯為BASF 1185A。
針對實施例1至4所使用的高分子材料進行下列特性的測試,所得數據如下表1所示。
A1. 熔融指數(melt flow index,MI):根據ISO 1133標準方法進行測試。
A2. 蕭氏硬度D (Shore D):根據ISO 868標準方法進行測試。
A3. 拉伸模量(tensile modulus):根據ISO 527標準方法進行測試。
A4. 密度:根據ISO 1183標準方法進行測試。
A5. 斷裂延伸率:根據ISO 527標準方法進行測試。
如圖1所示,分別將實施例1至4的高分子材料由入料斗110將高分子材料送入第一螺管11,第一螺管11內部的壓力設定為33巴,溫度設定為190°C至230°C。在第一螺管11的前半段(圖1左側)將該高分子材料熔融,得出一熔融的高分子材料;之後經由進氣裝置12在第一螺管11內之該熔融的高分子材料中加入氮氣,並在第一螺管11的後半段(圖1右側)中均勻混合該熔融的高分子材料與該氮氣,得一混合物後,將該混合物送入第二螺管13,該第二螺管13中之壓力設定為127巴,溫度設定為190°C至230°C,為該氮氣之超臨界條件,故可將該第二螺管13中的混合物調整至超臨界狀態下進行混練,得出一超臨界流體混練物。
將該超臨界流體混練物送入位於第二螺管13末端的射槍14,於127巴的壓力及190°C至230°C的溫度下,將該超臨界流體混練物射入一模具15中,進行射出成型,得出減震墊。表1中的料量為進入模具之該超臨界流體混練物重量,入料時間為該超臨界流體混練物被送入射槍14的時間,射出時間則為該超臨界流體混練物從射槍14進入模具15的時間。
將該超臨界流體混練物射入模具15的瞬間,因壓力驟降(由127巴驟降至23巴或15巴),氮氣會如汽水開瓶瞬間的氣泡般,從該超臨界流體混練物快速析出,形成複數個成核點,隨後氮氣膨脹,生成微細的氣泡。在實施例1至4中,該模具15之上、下表面各自開設有洩氣孔(圖中未顯示),在實施例1至4進行射出成型時,該超臨界流體混練物一射出至模具15的同時即打開該模具15之洩氣孔,故模內洩氣延遲時間為0.0秒。最後,將該減震墊靜置於模具15中待其冷卻,得到該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊。
表1
實施例1 | 實施例2 | 實施例3 | 實施例4 | ||
高分子材料 | 配方 | TEEE | 95% TEEE + 5% TPU | 80% TEEE + 20%TPU | TEEE |
TEEE種類 | Dupont 4068 | Dupont 4068 | Dupont 4068 | Dupont 3078 | |
熔融指數 (g/10 min) | 8.8 | 7.0 | 18.0 | 5 | |
蕭氏硬度D | 37 | 36 | 38 | 30 | |
拉伸模量(MPa) | 45 | 28 | 22 | 21 | |
密度 (g/cm 3) | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.07 | |
斷裂延伸率 (%) | >300 | >300 | >500 | >300 | |
射出成型機設定溫度 (°C) | 225 | 200 | 195 | 190 | |
模具 | 料量 (g) | 141 | 141 | 109 | 120 |
射速 (mm/s) | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | |
實測壓力 (巴) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 15 | |
模內洩氣延遲時間 (秒) | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
洩氣時間 (秒) | 1.591 | 1.591 | 1.049 | 1.275 | |
洩氣前模內壓力 (巴) | 24 | 15 | 23 | 16 | |
射槍 | 入料時間 (秒) | 58 | 58 | 37 | 37 |
射出時間 (秒) | 0.699 | 0.699 | 0.699 | 0.612 |
減震墊的特性
根據前述製法分別得出實施例1至4的減震墊,並以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察實施例1至4的減震墊的剖面,其中實施例1的減震墊的發泡內層剖面如圖2A至2D所示,其中圖2A的放大倍率為50倍,圖2B、2C的放大倍率為100倍,圖2D的放大倍率為200倍;實施例1的減震墊的表層的剖面則如圖2E所示,其放大倍率為1000倍。圖3A為本創作之減震墊20的示意圖,圖3B則為圖3A的局部放大圖。如圖3A、3B所示,該減震墊20具有一表層21及一發泡內層22,該發泡內層22由該表層21所包覆,表層21及發泡內層22的材料均包含熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體。該表層21包含複數第一孔洞210,該等第一孔洞210的長徑為5 μm至100 μm,且該表層21的厚度為該減震墊20之總厚度的0.05%至1.50%。該發泡內層22包含複數第二孔洞220、221,該等第二孔洞220、221的長徑為100 μm至400 μm,其包含複數封閉式孔洞220及複數開放式孔洞221,其中任一開放式孔洞221具有至少一個貫通孔222,使該開放式孔洞221與另一開放式孔洞221相連接。且該開放式孔洞221之佔比為30%以上,其中所使用的高分子材料種類、該射槍14與該模具15之間的壓力差對於孔洞的形狀都有影響。
計算實施例1至4的減震墊20的厚度、該表層21的厚度,另外,亦針對實施例1至4所得之減震墊的性質進行相關測試,所得數據如下表2所示。
B1. 開放式孔洞之佔比:根據ASTM D6226標準方法進行測試。
B2. 蕭氏硬度C:根據ISO 868標準方法進行測試。
B3. 平均密度:根據ISO 1183標準方法進行測試。
B4. 永久壓縮形變量:根據CNS 3560標準方法進行測試。
B5. 負加速度g值:根據SATRA TM142標準方法進行測試。
B6. 反彈率:根據ASTM D2632標準方法進行測試。
前述觀察及測試所得之數據係列於表2。
表2
實施例1 | 實施例2 | 實施例3 | 實施例4 | ||
高分子材料 | 配方 | TEEE | 95% TEEE + 5% TPU | 80% TEEE + 20%TPU | TEEE |
TEEE種類 | Dupont 4068 | Dupont 4068 | Dupont 4068 | Dupont 3078 | |
減震墊 | 減震墊的平均厚度 (cm) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
表層的厚度(μm) | 113 | 68 | 125 | 136 | |
發泡內層中開放式孔洞之佔比 (%) | 62 | 32 | 76 | 72 | |
蕭氏硬度C | 48 | 50 | 49 | 42 | |
平均密度 (g/cm 3) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.18 | |
永久壓縮形變量 (%) | 16.2 | 10.3 | 26.5 | 27.4 | |
負加速度g值 | 12.1 | 18.6 | 12.0 | 14.3 | |
反彈率 (%) | 68 | 76 | 66 | 61 |
由上可知,該表層21的厚度為該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊20之總厚度的0.05%至1.50%,且該等開放式孔洞221之佔比為30%以上;且該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊20的蕭氏硬度C為30至60、平均密度為0.10 g/cm
3至0.35 g/cm
3、永久壓縮形變量小於或等於40%、負加速度g值小於或等於20、反彈率大於或等於50%。這樣的減震墊具有兼具低永久壓縮形變量、高減震及高反彈特性等特性,具有優良的減震效果。
本創作之減震墊係以不使用化學發泡劑的超臨界流體射出成型技術而得出,不會產生有毒物質,生產過程不會有造成火災或汙染的疑慮,且成品具有低永久壓縮形變量(≦40%),同時兼顧高減震(負加速度g值≦20)及高反彈(≧50%)特性,具有優良的減震效果。另外,本創作之減震墊可利用市售熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體樹脂或回收材料來完成,大幅減少製造門檻及降低製造成本,應用層面更為廣泛。
10:射出成型機
11:第一螺管
12:進氣裝置
13:第二螺管
14:射槍
15:模具
20:減震墊
21:表層
22:發泡內層
110:入料斗
210:孔洞
220:孔洞
221:孔洞
222:貫穿孔
圖1為本創作所使用的直式射出成型機示意圖。
圖2A為本創作之實施例1所製得之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的發泡內層剖面以掃描式顯微鏡放大50倍的照片。
圖2B為本創作之實施例1所製得之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的發泡內層剖面以掃描式顯微鏡放大100倍的照片。
圖2C為本創作之實施例1所製得之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的發泡內層剖面以掃描式顯微鏡放大100倍的另一照片。
圖2D為本創作之實施例1所製得之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的發泡內層剖面以掃描式顯微鏡放大200倍的照片。
圖2E為本創作之實施例1所製得之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的表層剖面以掃描式顯微鏡放大1000倍的照片。
圖3A為本創作之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的示意圖。
圖3B為本創作之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的局部放大圖。
20:減震墊
21:表層
22:發泡內層
220:孔洞
221:孔洞
222:貫穿孔
Claims (6)
- 一種低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其具有一表層及一發泡內層,該發泡內層由該表層所包覆;其中該表層的厚度為該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊之總厚度的0.05%至1.50%;該發泡內層包含複數第二孔洞,該等第二孔洞包含複數封閉式孔洞及複數開放式孔洞,且該等開放式孔洞之佔比為30%以上;且該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊的蕭氏硬度C為30至60、平均密度為0.10g/cm3至0.35g/cm3、永久壓縮形變量小於或等於40%、負加速度g值小於或等於20、反彈率大於或等於50%;且該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊係由包含下列步驟之方法製得:(1)提供一高分子材料,該高分子材料係包含一熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體,且該高分子材料於230℃之熔融指數為4g/10min至18g/10min、蕭氏硬度D為20至48、拉伸模量為20MPa至70MPa、密度為1.0g/cm3至1.3g/cm3、斷裂延伸率為300%以上;(2)將該高分子材料熔融,得出一熔融的高分子材料;(3)在該熔融的高分子材料中加入氮氣或二氧化碳,得出一混合物;(4)將該混合物調整至超臨界狀態下進行混練,得出一超臨界流體混練物;及(5)將該超臨界流體混練物射出成型,得出該低永久壓縮形變的減震墊。
- 如請求項1所述之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其中該高分子材料進一步包含一熱塑性聚氨酯。
- 如請求項2所述之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其中該熱塑性聚醚酯彈性體之含量為大於或等於70重量%至低於100重量%,該熱塑性聚氨酯之含量為大於0重量%至小於或等於30重量%。
- 如請求項1所述之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其中該高分子材料於230℃之熔融指數為5g/10min至18g/10min。
- 如請求項1所述之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其中該高分子材料之蕭氏硬度D為30至45。
- 如請求項1所述之低永久壓縮形變的減震墊,其反彈率為60%以上。
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US20230286195A1 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
JP2023109742A (ja) | 2023-08-08 |
KR102483365B1 (ko) | 2022-12-29 |
DE102022117035A1 (de) | 2023-07-27 |
JP7253291B1 (ja) | 2023-04-06 |
TW202330749A (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
US11759984B1 (en) | 2023-09-19 |
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