TWI724549B - 具備六角和三角電極之背板 - Google Patents

具備六角和三角電極之背板 Download PDF

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TWI724549B
TWI724549B TW108133369A TW108133369A TWI724549B TW I724549 B TWI724549 B TW I724549B TW 108133369 A TW108133369 A TW 108133369A TW 108133369 A TW108133369 A TW 108133369A TW I724549 B TWI724549 B TW I724549B
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pixel electrode
electrode
backplane
electrodes
gate
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蔡淑芬
伊恩 法蘭奇
克莉絲汀娜 維沙尼
大衛 辛湯摩斯基
理查Ｊ 小波里尼
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美商電子墨水股份有限公司
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Abstract

主動矩陣背板包含六角電極陣列或三角電極陣列。由於背板設計沿著電極周邊將閘極線定路線，故與電極表面之串擾較少。所揭示的設計將電極的結構及控制簡化，且改善電極上方電場之規律性。此等背板電極設計可能在介電質上電濕性(EWoD)裝置及電泳顯示器(EPD)尤其有用的。

Description

具備六角和三角電極之背板
[相關申請案]
本申請案主張2018年9月17日所提出之美國臨時專利申請案第62/732,421號的優先權。將在此所揭示之參考文獻、專利、及專利申請案以提及方式併入本文。
本發明係關於用於電光顯示器之背板。特別言之，係關於非傳統式像素形狀如六角形或三角形。許多顯示器(LCD及電泳)使用電極陣列以呈現各色像素，由觀看者感知為影像。此類像素陣列慣用矩形或正方形電極，有時具有邊緣結構。在此情況下，每一電極具有由一邊緣接合之4個最鄰近電極。由於此陣列結構，可利用掃描及閘極線與協調控制器快速且個別將像素定址。類似結構可用於非顯示目的，諸如粒子感測及介電質上電濕性(EWoD)。
本文用於材料或顯示器之術語「電光」係採成像技術中之習知意義，指稱材料具有至少一個光學性質相異之第一與第二顯示狀態，藉由施加電場至該材料使其自第一改變為第二顯示狀態。雖然光學性質一般係人眼感知的顏色，亦可為其他光學性質如透光性、反射率、照度，或是在欲供機械讀取之顯示情況下，就電磁波長超出可見範圍之反射率變化而言之虛擬色。雖然本申請案將裝置泛稱為電光裝置，但應知相同結構可用於非光學性，亦即非顯示應用，諸如粒子感測或介電質上電濕性(EWoD)。
本文術語「灰階狀態」係採成像技術中之習知意義，指稱介於像素兩極端光學狀態間之狀態，且非必意謂兩極端狀態間之黑白過渡。例如以下參考之E Ink專利及公開申請案中的數個描述電泳顯示器，其中的極端狀態係白與深藍，因而中間「灰階狀態」實際上係淡藍。確如所述，光學狀態變化並非均係顏色變化。以下使用術語「黑」與「白」可係指顯示器之兩極端光學狀態，且應知一般含括非必黑與白之極端光學狀態，例如前述的白與深藍狀態。以下使用術語「單色」係指僅將像素驅動至兩極端光學狀態而無插入灰階狀態之驅動機制(drive scheme)。
本文術語「雙穩」及「雙穩態」係採此技術中之習知意義，指稱包含顯示元件具有至少一個光學性質相異之第一與第二顯示狀態之顯示器，且使得在藉由有限定址脈衝期間驅動任何給定元件後，即使終止定址脈衝，亦假定其第一或第二顯示狀態將持續至少數倍於改變顯示元件狀態所需最小定址脈衝期間，例如至少4倍。在公開美國專利申請案號2002/0180687(亦見於對應之國際申請案公開號WO 02/079869)中顯示，一些具灰階之基於粒子之電泳顯示不只在其極端黑與白狀態中穩定，在其中間灰階狀態下亦然，且對一些其他類型之電光顯示亦同。此類顯示適於稱之為「多穩」而非雙穩態，但為便利之故，本文可用術語「雙穩」涵蓋雙穩及多穩態顯示兩者。
本文術語「脈衝」係採電壓對時間積分之習知意義。但一些雙穩態電光介質充作電荷傳感器，且藉此介質可使用脈衝之替代定義，亦即電流對時間積分(等於所施加之總電荷)。應視介質究係充作電壓-時間脈衝傳感器或電荷脈衝傳感器而採用適切的脈衝定義。
受讓予麻省理工學院(MIT)及E Ink Corporation或在其等名下之多項專利及申請案，近來已公開描述囊封電泳介質。此囊封介質包括多個小膠囊，其每一者本身包括懸浮於液態懸浮介質中之電泳移動粒子、及環繞內相之膠囊壁。膠囊本身通常維持在聚合物黏結劑中，以形成位於兩電極間之相干層。這些專利及申請案中所述技術包含： (a)電泳粒子、流體及流體添加物；詳如美國專利號7,002,728及7,679,814； (b)膠囊、黏結劑及囊封程序；詳如美國專利號6,922,276及7,411,719； (c)含電光材料之膜及次總成；詳如美國專利號6,982,178及7,839,564； (d)顯示器用之背板、黏著層及其他輔助層及方法；詳如美國專利號D485,294；6,124,851；6,130,773；6,177,921；6,232,950；6,252,564；6,312,304；6,312,971；6,376,828；6,392,786；6,413,790；6,422,687；6,445,374；6,480,182；6,498,114；6,506,438；6,518,949；6,521,489；6,535,197；6,545,291；6,639,578；6,657,772；6,664,944；6,680,725；6,683,333；6,724,519；6,750,473；6,816,147；6,819,471；6,825,068；6,831,769；6,842,167；6,842,279；6,842,657；6,865,010；6,967,640；6,980,196；7,012,735；7,030,412；7,075,703；7,106,296；7,110,163；7,116,318；7,148,128；7,167,155；7,173,752；7,176,880；7,190,008；7,206,119；7,223,672；7,230,751；7,256,766；7,259,744；7,280,094；7,327,511；7,349,148；7,352,353；7,365,394；7,365,733；7,382,363；7,388,572；7,442,587；7,492,497；7,535,624；7,551,346；7,554,712；7,583,427；7,598,173；7,605,799；7,636,191；7,649,674；7,667,886；7,672,040；7,688,497；7,733,335；7,785,988；7,843,626；7,859,637；7,893,435；7,898,717；7,957,053；7,986,450；8,009,344；8,027,081；8,049,947；8,077,141；8,089,453；8,208,193；8,373,211；8,389,381；8,498,042；8,610,988；8,728,266；8,754,859；8,830,560；8,891,155；8,969,886；9,152,003；及9,152,004；及詳如美國專利申請案公開號2002/0060321；2004/0105036；2005/0122306；2005/0122563；2007/0052757；2007/0097489；2007/0109219；2009/0122389；2009/0315044；2011/0026101；2011/0140744；2011/0187683；2011/0187689；2011/0292319；2013/0278900；2014/0078024；2014/0139501；2014/0300837；2015/0171112；2015/0205178；2015/0226986；2015/0227018；2015/0228666；及2015/0261057；及國際申請案公開號WO00/38000；歐洲專利號1,099,207B1及1,145,072B1； (e)顏色形成及顏色調整； 詳如美國專利號7,075,502及7,839,564； (f)顯示器驅動法；詳如美國專利號5,930,026；6,445,489；6,504,524；6,512,354；6,531,997；6,753,999；6,825,970；6,900,851；6,995,550；7,012,600；7,023,420；7,034,783；7,116,466；7,119,772；7,193,625；7,202,847；7,259,744；7,304,787；7,312,794；7,327,511；7,453,445；7,492,339；7,528,822；7,545,358；7,583,251；7,602,374；7,612,760；7,679,599；7,688,297；7,729,039；7,733,311；7,733,335；7,787,169；7,952,557；7,956,841；7,999,787；8,077,141；8,125,501；8,139,050；8,174,490；8,289,250；8,300,006；8,305,341；8,314,784；8,373,649；8,384,658；8,558,783；8,558,785；8,593,396；及8,928,562；及美國專利申請案公開號2003/0102858；2005/0253777；2007/0091418；2007/0103427；2008/0024429；2008/0024482；2008/0136774；2008/0291129；2009/0174651；2009/0179923；2009/0195568；2009/0322721；2010/0220121；2010/0265561；2011/0193840；2011/0193841；2011/0199671；2011/0285754；2013/0063333；2013/0194250；2013/0321278；2014/0009817；2014/0085350；2014/0240373；2014/0253425；2014/0292830；2014/0333685；2015/0070744；2015/0109283；2015/0213765；2015/0221257；及2015/0262255； (g)顯示器申請案；詳如美國專利號6,118,426；6,473,072；6,704,133；6,710,540；6,738,050；6,825,829；7,030,854；7,119,759；7,312,784；及8,009,348；7,705,824；8,064,962；及8,553,012；及詳如美國專利申請案公開號2002/0090980；2004/0119681；及2007/0285385；及國際申請案公開號WO00/36560；及 (h)非電泳顯示器，詳如美國專利號6,241,921；6,950,220；7,420,549；8,319,759；及8,994,705及美國專利申請案公開號2012/0293858。
本發明提供具非傳統形狀之像素陣列的有效設計，可利用傳統掃描及閘極線、控制器、移位暫存器等。
本發明提供具有六角電極陣列或三角電極陣列之背板。由於背板設計沿著電極周邊將閘極線定路線，故與電極表面之串擾較少。所揭示的設計將電極的結構及控制簡化，且改善電極上方電場之規律性。此等背板電極設計尤其適用於粒子感測及EWoD應用，但無礙其設計於較傳統顯示器之適用，諸如LCD顯示器或電泳顯示器(EPD)。
所揭背板電極結構之一優點在於易耦合至標準控制器且造成可在既有生態系統隨插即用之簡單接腳引出。這減少了基板複雜性且與印刷電路板介接，因而降低成本。
在一態樣中，本發明提供一種像素電極背板，其包括複數個掃描線；複數個閘極線；複數個儲存電容器；複數個薄膜電晶體；及複數個六角電極。該等儲存電容器通常大於0.5pF。在本發明中，六角電極係以蜂巢結構配置，且能以僅一個掃描線及僅一個閘極線控制每一個六角電極之電位。在一些實施例中，複數個掃描線耦合至一掃描控制器及複數個閘極線耦合至一閘極控制器。在一些實施例中，閘極線平行於六角電極邊緣定路線。
在另一態樣中，本發明提供一種像素電極背板，其包括複數個掃描線；複數個閘極線；複數個儲存電容器；複數個薄膜電晶體；及複數個三角電極。該等儲存電容器通常大於0.5pF。在本發明中，2個三角電極或4個三角電極配置成正方形且能以僅一個掃描線及僅一個閘極線控制每一個三角電極之電位。在一些實施例中，複數個掃描線耦合至一掃描控制器及複數個閘極線耦合至一閘極控制器。在一些實施例中，閘極線平行於三角電極邊緣定路線。在一些實施例中，掃描線平行於三角電極邊緣定路線。
背板電極功能可藉由在像素電極上設置介電層，且在介電層上設置疏水層而擴充。此經塗布之像素電極背板可藉由添加透光電極及在像素電極背板與透光電極間設置之間隔體而併入微流體裝置中。
在其他實施例中，藉由添加透光電極及設置背板電極與透光電極間之電泳介質(通常係在非極性溶劑中之帶電粒子)，背板電極可為控制電泳顯示器(EPD)之基礎。
本發明提供可以習知掃描/閘極驅動個別定址之六角及三角電極陣列。此等陣列可用於產生顯示器如液晶顯示器(LCD)或電泳顯示器(EPD)。此等陣列亦可用於非顯示應用如粒子(例如光子)感測器或介電質上電濕性(EWoD)，其可供微流體應用如晶片上實驗室化驗。
產生數位圖像需能快速定址個別空間元件(像素)。在一些例項中，每一像素係其自身色源(例如美國專利號9,921,451所述全彩電泳顯示器)，在其他例子中，數個子像素協同運作產生像素之多彩幻覺。雖可將每一像素接線個別地控制電壓狀態，但較常見者係提供非線性元件陣列如電晶體或二極體，以與每一像素(或子像素)相關聯之至少一個非線性元件產生「主動矩陣」顯示。位址或定址一像素之像素電極經由相關非線性元件連接至適當電壓源。通常當非線性元件係電晶體時，像素電極連接至電晶體的汲極，下述均將假設呈此配置，但基本上可隨意配置，像素電極亦可連接至電晶體源極。習知在高解析度陣列中，像素以二維行列陣列配置，使得任一特定像素專由一特地列及一特定行之交點界定。在每一行中所有電晶體之源極均連接至單一行電極，而每一列中所有電晶體之閘極連接至單一列電極；再者，習知指定源極至列且閘極至行但基本上可隨意，亦可視需求顛倒。列電極連接至列驅動器，其基本上確保在任何指定時刻僅選擇一列，亦即於所選列電極施加一電壓，諸如以確保所選列中所有電晶體均導通，而於所有其他列施加一電壓，諸如以確保非所選列中所有電晶體均維持不導通。行電極連接至行驅動器，其等於各種行電極上施加電壓，以驅動所選列中像素至其所需光學狀態。(前述電壓係相對於一共用前電極，其習知位於自非線性陣列之電光介質相對側上且延伸跨越整個顯示器。)在已知為「線定址時間」之預選時段後，取消選擇所選列，選擇次一列，且改變行驅動器上電壓使得以寫入顯示器之次一線。重複此程序始得以按逐列方式寫入整個顯示器。(貫穿本文，閘極線係水平且掃描線係垂直。)由於驅動電極通常配置成一矩陣，故耦合至驅動電極之像素電極一般係正方形或矩形，且配置成矩形陣列使得被電極覆蓋之面積最大化。
製造主動矩陣顯示器的程序業已完備。例如可利用各種沉積與光微影技術製造薄膜電晶體。電晶體包含閘極電極、絕緣介電層、半導體層及源極與汲極電極。於閘極電極施加電壓提供跨越介電層之電場，大幅增加半導體層之源極至汲極導電率。此改變致能達成源極與汲極電極間之導電。閘極電極、源極電極與汲極電極一般經圖案化。半導體層一般亦經圖案化使得相鄰電路元件間之雜散傳導(亦即串擾)降至最低。
液晶顯示器慣用非晶矽(「a-Si」)薄膜電晶體(「TFT」)做為顯示像素之切換裝置。此類TFT通常具有底部閘極構形。在一像素內，薄膜電容器通常保持由切換TFT傳輸之電荷。電泳顯示器可利用具電容器之類似TFT，但其電容器功能部分異於液晶顯示器中之電容器，詳見前述共同待定申請案序號09/565,413及公開案2002/0106847與2002/0060321。所製薄膜電晶體性能優。但製程耗費不貲。
在TFT定址陣列中，在一線定址期間藉由TFT將像素電極充電。在該線定址期間，藉由改變所施加之閘極電壓而切換TFT至導電狀態。例如對於n型TFT而言，切換閘極電壓為「高」狀態以切換TFT至導電狀態。
應知本文所述背板可擴及電光顯示器，其包括設置在背板上且涵蓋像素電極之一電光介質層。此電光顯示器可利用各類前述電光介質，例如電光介質可為液晶、轉動雙色組件或電變色介質，或電泳介質，較佳係囊封電泳介質。在一些實施例中，當採用電泳介質時，複數個帶電粒子可在電場影響下流經懸浮流體。與液晶顯示器相較，此電泳顯示器可具高亮度與對比度、廣視角、狀態雙穩性及低功耗等屬性。
本文所述背板亦可供介電質上電濕性(EWoD)之用。EWoD裝置通常包含胞元(cell)，其中充滿油及至少一水滴。胞元間隙通常範圍在50至200µm，但可更大。在基本構形中，複數個推動電極(像素)設置於一基板上，且單一上電極設置於相對表面上。胞元另包含在接觸油層之表面上的疏水塗層，及推動電極與疏水塗層間的介電層。(上基板亦可包含介電層)。疏水層避免液滴沾濕表面。當未在相鄰電極間施加電壓差時，液滴將維持為球狀使得與疏水表面(油及疏水層)之接觸最少。由於液滴不會沾溼表面，故除非刻意為之，較不可能汙染表面或與其他液滴交互作用。藉由個別定址主動矩陣中的電極，可移動水滴、打散水滴及聚合水滴。由於水滴與生物分子相容，故可在微量樣本上進行生物化驗。習知矩形陣列會限制EWoD裝置功能，因為僅有上/下/左/右選項，但本發明之六角電極具有6個最鄰近電極，可供較多方向移動且可以60°、120°及線性施力。
圖1例示六角電極100陣列頂視圖。圖1配置成傳統蜂巢狀，但亦可為其他重複性結構。此外，每一個六角電極無需各邊規則及各角相同。
圖2係配置供本發明之六角陣列用之驅動電子元件綜觀。如圖2所示，每一個六角電極包含一薄膜電晶體(TFT)205及一儲存電容器210。閘極線220與掃描線225如前述控制TFT 205。注意在本發明之配置中，閘極線平行於六角電極周邊延伸。此致使得以一閘極線及一掃描線定址每一個六角電極，如同一般背板配置般，且由閘極控制器及掃描控制器控制(見圖4)。由於閘極線係沿電極周邊延伸(而非下方)，故電極上與電極表面處的電場更為一致。此特徵在六角電極較大(亦即約500µm)且電場不一致會影響裝置性能時(亦即阻止液滴或顯示錯誤顏色)尤其有用。
六角陣列用控制器布局係如圖4所示，包含閘極與掃描控制器。如圖4所示，可利用市售掃描與閘極控制器於5cmx5cm背板上以陣列配置不只30,000個電極。[見於例如MK electric(臺北，臺灣)製掃描與閘極控制器。]利用約235µm之六角電極易於達成約5µm之六角電極之間隔離。此布局(layout)理當可較大或較小，例如背板可包含5,000至500,000個電極。此外，六角電極可較大或較小，亦即50µm至1mm。可以閘極線420與掃描線425控制個別TFT，如圖4所示。
圖5及6例示三角電極陣列之頂視圖。圖5顯示三角電極之第一實施例，其中兩電極「A」與「B」產生正方形。圖6顯示三角電極之第二實施例，其中四電極「A」、「B」、「C」與「D」產生正方形。其他三角電極構形亦可產生正方形。與前述六角電極類似，圖5與6之陣列於顯示器與非顯示器應用均適用。
圖7顯示供本發明之六角陣列用之驅動電子元件綜觀。如圖7所示，每一個六角電極包含一TFT 705及一儲存電容器710。閘極線720與掃描線725如前述控制TFT 705。注意在本發明之配置中，閘極與掃描線平行於三角電極周邊延伸。此致使得以一閘極線及一掃描線定址每一個三角電極，如同一般背板配置般，且由閘極控制器及掃描控制器控制。由於閘極與掃描線係沿電極周邊延伸(而非下方)，故電極上與電極表面處的電場更為一致。此特徵在三角電極較大(亦即約500µm)且電場不一致會影響裝置性能時(亦即阻止液滴或顯示錯誤顏色)尤其有用。
三角陣列用控制器布局係如圖7所示，包含閘極與掃描控制器。如圖7所示，可利用市售掃描與閘極控制器於5cmx5cm背板上以陣列配置不只60,000個電極。利用約150µm之三角電極易於以約5µm之三角電極之間的隔離達成。此布局理當可較大或較小，例如背板可包含5,000至500,000個電極。此外，三角電極可較大或較小，亦即50µm至1mm。三角電極之替代配置係如圖8所示，其中閘極線820與掃描線825相互垂直。
在這些圖中的電極配置當係示例，像素電極及/或閘極線及/或掃描線之幾何尺寸可因特定應用而變，或者像素數可受限於可用之掃描控制器或背板大小。例如像素電極大小可減少使得電極與資料線之間的間隙空間擴大。在一些其他實施例中，可調整像素電極與資料線間之材料電性以減少串擾。例如可增加像素電極與其相鄰資料線間絕緣薄膜厚度以減少電容性耦合。
在一些實施例中，本發明之背板可併入介電質上電濕性(EWoD)裝置中，其包含本發明之背板耦合至一透光電極且由一間隔體隔離。EWoD裝置之基本操作係由圖9之剖面影像例示。EWoD 900包含胞元，其中充滿油902及至少一水滴904。胞元間隙係由間隔體(未顯示)界定，通常範圍在50至200µm，但該間隙可更大。在基本構形中，如圖9所示，複數個推動電極905設置於一基板上，且單一透光上電極906設置於相對表面上。胞元另包含在接觸油層之表面上的疏水塗層907，及推動電極905與疏水塗層907間的介電層908。(上基板亦可包含介電層，但未顯示於圖9中)。疏水層避免液滴沾濕表面。當未在相鄰電極間施加電壓差時，液滴將維持為球狀使得與疏水表面(油及疏水層)之接觸最少。由於液滴不會沾溼表面，故除非刻意為之，較不可能汙染表面或與其他液滴交互作用。
介電質908須夠薄且具有與低壓AC驅動相容之介電常數，諸如可得之LCD顯示器用習知影像控制器。例如介電層可包括一層約20-40nm的SiO2 ，上覆200-400nm電漿沉積矽氮化物。或者介電質可包括厚度介於2與100nm間之原子層沉積Al2 O3 ，較佳厚度介於20與60nm。TFT係藉由產生不同摻雜之a-Si結構之交替層與各電極線而建構，所採方法係熟諳此藝者所知。疏水層907可由材料如Teflon® AF (Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI)及出自Cytonix (Beltsville, MD)之FlurorPelTM 塗層建構，可藉由旋塗覆於介電層908上。
雖然可於單一層具有介電質及疏水功能，但此類層一般需要造成低介電常數之厚無機層(以避免針孔)，因而需要高於100V來移動液滴。為達成低壓致動，較佳具有高電容量之薄無機層而無針孔，上覆以薄有機疏水層。具此組合，電濕性操作電壓範圍可在+/-10至+/-50V，此係習知TFT陣列可供應之範圍。
當在相鄰電極間施加電壓差時，在一電極上的電壓會吸引在介電質與液滴介面處之液滴中相反電荷，且液滴向此電極移動，如圖2所示。可接受的液滴推動所需電壓視介電質與疏水層性質而定。利用AC驅動減少液滴、介電質及電極因各種電化學作用而降級。EWoD操作頻率範圍可在100Hz至1MHz，但併同操作速度受限之TFT使用時，以較低頻率之1kHz或更低頻較佳。
如圖9所示，上電極906係單一導電層，一般設定為0伏特或一共用電壓值(VCOM)，以考量推動電極905上因來自用以切換電極上的電壓之TFT的電容性回衝(kickback)所致電壓偏移(見圖10)。亦可於上電極施加方波以增加跨越液體之電壓，此配置使得以在TFT連接之推動電極905使用較低推動電壓，因為上板電壓906係由TFT額外供應之電壓。
如圖10所示，可配置待以資料及閘極(選擇)線驅動之推動電極之主動矩陣(六角或三角或一些其他形狀)，與液晶顯示器(LCD)中的主動矩陣類似。但與LCD不同處在於本發明之儲存電容器一般具有更多的電容量，此係電泳顯示器及介電質上電濕性裝置所需。例如背板電極陣列中的每一儲存電容器一般可大於0.1pF(微微法拉)，例如大於0.5pF，例如大於1pF，例如大於2pF，例如大於5pF，例如大於10pF，例如大於50pF，例如大於100pF。
在EWoD應用中，掃描閘極(選擇)線用於一次一線定址(line-at-a time addressing)，同時資料線攜載待傳送至推動電極之電壓，用於電濕性操作。若無需移動，或若液滴一定要移動遠離推動電極，則施加0V至該(非目標)推動電極。若液滴一定要移向推動電極，則將施加AC電壓至該(目標)推動電極。
併入本發明之像素電極背板之示例性電泳顯示器(EPD)示如圖11。顯示器1100一般包括一層電泳材料1130及設置於電泳材料1130相對側上之至少兩其他層1110與1120，這兩層中至少一層係透光電極層，例如如圖11中的層1110所描繪。透光電極1110可係透明導體如銦錫氧化物(ITO)(其在一些情況下可沉積於透明基板如聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)上。此類EPDs亦包含(如圖11所示)背板1150，其包括複數個驅動電極1153及一基板層1157。該層電泳材料1130可包含微膠囊1130，其保持電泳顏料粒子1135與1137及溶劑，其中微膠囊1133散置於聚合物黏結劑1139中。此外，已知電泳介質(粒子1135與1137及溶劑)可封於微胞元(微杯)中或散布於聚合物中不具周遭微膠囊(例如前述PDEPID設計)。顏料粒子1137與1135一般受前電極1110與像素電極1153間產生之電場控制。在許多習知EPDs中，電驅動波形經傳導跡線(未顯示)傳送至像素電極1153，該等傳導跡線耦合至薄膜電晶體(TFT)，允許像素電極以行列定址機制定址。在一些實施例中，前電極1110僅接地及藉由提供正負電位至可個別定址之像素電極1153而驅動影像。在其他實施例中，亦可施加電位至前電極1110使得前電極與像素電極1153間電場具較大變動。
自前述可知本發明可提供具有六角或三角電極陣列之背板。熟諳此藝者將知可在不背離本發明範疇下，對上述本發明之特定實施例進行多種改變與修改。因此，前述整體應解讀為具例示性而無限制之意。
100:六角電極 205:薄膜電晶體 210:儲存電容器 220:閘極線 225:掃描線 420:閘極線 425:掃描線 705:薄膜電晶體 710:儲存電容器 720:閘極線 725:掃描線 820:閘極線 825:掃描線 900:介電質上電濕性 902:油 904:水滴 905:推動電極 906:透光上電極 907:疏水塗層 908:介電層 1100:顯示器 1110:前電極 1120:其他層 1130:電泳材料 1133:微膠囊 1135:電泳顏料粒子 1137:電泳顏料粒子 1139:聚合物黏結劑 1150:背板 1153:驅動電極 1157:基板層
圖1顯示呈蜂窩配置之複數個六角電極。本發明易於製造此陣列且具備以掃描線及閘極線對每一六角像素之簡單個別控制。
圖2係例示詳列六角陣列之驅動，包含閘極線(Gn )、掃描線(Sn )、薄膜電晶體及儲存電容器。
圖3係例示用於六角電極之像素電極實施例。
圖4係例示使用本發明之六角電極架構之背板實施例。圖4之實施例包含217x164=35,588個像素電極、具有825個通道輸出模式之閘極控制器，且具有800個通道輸出模式之資料控制器。
圖5顯示三角電極陣列之第一實施例，其中電極A與B形成正方形。
圖6顯示三角電極陣列之第二實施例，其中電極A、B、C與D形成正方形。
圖7例示使用本發明之三角電極架構之背板實施例。圖7之實施例包含374x163=60,962個像素電極。圖7之實施例包含217x164=35,588個像素電極、具有825個通道輸出模式之閘極控制器，且具有800個通道輸出模式之資料控制器。
圖8例示使用本發明之三角電極架構之背板實施例。
圖9描繪藉由在相鄰電極上提供不同電荷狀態而在相鄰電極間移動水相液滴，在圖9中，在接收AC信號之(下方)電極上方液體/介電質介面處之液體中感應負電荷，而當施加負電壓至相對(上方)電極時感應正電荷。(此圖顯示在AC循環期間最左方電極帶正電荷之瞬間。) 如圖9所示，像素總是在液滴介面處具有感應電荷之相反電荷。
圖10顯示用於本發明之EWoD裝置之複數個推動電極之TFT架構。
圖11係電泳介質之概略描繪，適於本發明之背板使用。
無。

Claims (19)

  1. 一種像素電極背板，其包括：複數個掃描線；複數個閘極線；複數個儲存電容器，其具有大於0.5pF之電容量；複數個薄膜電晶體；及複數個六角電極，該等六角電極係以蜂巢結構配置，且每一個六角電極操作耦合至一儲存電容器與一薄膜電晶體，其中能以僅一個掃描線及僅一個閘極線控制每一個六角電極之電位；且其中，該等閘極線係沿著該等六角電極的周邊延伸，而非延伸於該等六角電極的下方。
  2. 如請求項1之像素電極背板，其中該複數個掃描線耦合至一掃描控制器，且該複數個閘極線耦合至一閘極控制器。
  3. 如請求項2之像素電極背板，其中該像素電極背板形狀實質上係矩形的，且該掃描控制器係沿該像素電極背板之一第一邊緣設置，且該閘極控制器係沿該像素電極背板之一第二邊緣設置。
  4. 如請求項1之像素電極背板，其中該等掃描線係垂直於該等閘極線定路線。
  5. 如請求項1之像素電極背板，其進一步包括於該複數個六角電極上之一介電質塗層。
  6. 如請求項5之像素電極背板，其進一步包括設置於介電質塗層上之一疏水層。
  7. 一種微流體裝置，其包括如請求項6之像素電極背板；一透光電極；及設置於如請求項6之該像素電極背板與該透光電極間之一間隔物。
  8. 一種電泳顯示器，其包括如請求項1之像素電極背板；一電泳介質；及一透光電極，其中該電泳介質設置於如請求項1之該像素電極背板與該透光電極間。
  9. 如請求項8之電泳顯示器，其中該電泳介質包括在非極性溶劑中之複數個帶電顏料粒子。
  10. 一種像素電極背板，其包括：複數個掃描線；複數個閘極線；複數個儲存電容器，其具有大於0.5pF之電容量；複數個薄膜電晶體；及複數個三角電極，每一個三角電極操作耦合至一儲存電容器與一薄膜電晶體，其中4個三角電極配置成正方形及能以僅一個掃描線及僅一個閘極線控制每一個三角電極之電位；且其中，該等閘極線係沿著該等三角電極的周邊延伸，而非延伸於該等三角電極的下方。
  11. 如請求項10之像素電極背板，其中該複數個掃描線耦合至一掃描控制器，且該複數個閘極線耦合至一閘極控制器。
  12. 如請求項11之像素電極背板，其中該像素電極背板形狀實質上係矩形的，且該掃描控制器係沿該像素電極背板之一第一邊緣設置，且該閘極控制器係沿該像素電極背板之一第二邊緣設置。
  13. 如請求項10之像素電極背板，其中該等掃描線係垂直於該等閘極線定路線。
  14. 如請求項10之像素電極背板，其中該等掃描線係平行於該等三角電極之邊緣定路線。
  15. 如請求項10之像素電極背板，其進一步包括於該複數個六角電極上之一介電質塗層。
  16. 如請求項10之像素電極背板，其進一步包括設置於介電質塗層上之一疏水層。
  17. 一種微流體裝置，其包括如請求項16之像素電極背板；一透光電極；及設置於如請求項16之該像素電極背板與該透光電極間之一間隔物。
  18. 一種電泳顯示器，其包括如請求項10之像素電極背板；一電泳介質；及一透光電極，其中該電泳介質設置於如請求項11之該像素電極背板與該透光電極間。
  19. 如請求項18之電泳顯示器，其中該電泳介質包括在非極性溶劑中之複數個帶電顏料粒子。
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