TWI669293B - 咪唑化合物、金屬表面處理液、金屬之表面處理方法及層合體之製造方法 - Google Patents
咪唑化合物、金屬表面處理液、金屬之表面處理方法及層合體之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI669293B TWI669293B TW106142408A TW106142408A TWI669293B TW I669293 B TWI669293 B TW I669293B TW 106142408 A TW106142408 A TW 106142408A TW 106142408 A TW106142408 A TW 106142408A TW I669293 B TWI669293 B TW I669293B
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- treatment liquid
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- imidazole compound
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- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- -1 Imidazole compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 183
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 183
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 131
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000005328 phosphinyl group Chemical group [PH2](=O)* 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3h-purine-6-thione Chemical group C1=2NC(N)=NC(=S)C=2N=CN1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiocyanate group Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011746 zinc citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006076 zinc citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940068475 zinc citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc formate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C=O SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011576 zinc lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000193 zinc lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050168 zinc lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by oxygen or sulfur atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3445—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/02—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using non-aqueous solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C23F11/149—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen as hetero atom
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
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Abstract
本發明係提供可供予遷移(migration)或配線表面之氧化之抑制效果優異之表面處理液的新規咪唑化合物,提供含有該咪唑化合物之金屬表面處理液,提供使用該金屬表面處理液之金屬之表面處理方法、及使用該表面處理液之層合體之製造方法。
本發明係使用在所定之位置被所定之結構的芳香族基與可具有取代基之咪唑基取代之含有特定之結構之飽和脂肪酸或飽和脂肪酸酯之表面處理液,將金屬進行表面處理。
Description
本發明係有關咪唑化合物、含有咪唑化合物之金屬表面處理液、使用該金屬表面處理液之金屬之表面處理方法及使用該金屬表面處理液之具備由金屬所構成之配線之層合體之製造方法。
因應各種電子機器之小型或高性能化之要求,使得印刷配線基板或各種電氣.電子元件之小型化.高集成化正盛行。因此,印刷配線基板或各種電氣.電子元件,也使得金屬配線之薄膜化或配線間之間隔的狹小化。此印刷配線基板或各種電氣.電子元件因導電性或加工性優異,因此廣泛使用作為配線之材料,例如銅、銀、錫、鉛、鋅、鋁、鎳、金或此等之合金等的金屬。
將印刷配線基板或各種電氣.電子元件加工成各種裝置時,由金屬所構成之配線,藉由例如表面組裝或使用感光性組成物等,在電路上形成絕緣層時之烘烤處理,常有1次或複數次加熱。由金屬所構成之配線之加
熱,有以下的問題。
首先,因配線之加熱,而有配線的表面被氧化的問題。金屬與金屬氧化物,因電阻值差異大,故薄電路的表面被氧化時,電路之電阻容易產生偏差。電路之電阻偏差對於製品之性能有很大影響。又,電路的表面被氧化時,電路之表面與焊錫之潤濕性變差,電路上之焊接困難。
又,由金屬所構成之配線被加熱的情形,因配線之表面因水分導致基板表面之金屬離子之溶出(遷移),在配線之表面容易產生由金屬化合物所構成之樹狀結晶。配線間之間隔狹小的情形,因遷移產生之金屬化合物之樹狀結晶之生成,有配線容易產生短路的問題。
為了解決上述問題,而提案在加熱之前,將金屬進行表面處理的方法。具體而言,提案使用含有咪唑化合物、鐵離子及膦酸系螯合劑的表面處理液,將由銅或含有銅之合金所構成的配線進行表面處理的方法(專利文獻1)或以唑(azole)化合物之水溶液作為表面處理液使用,將由銅或含有銅之合金所構成的配線進行表面處理的方法(專利文獻2)。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2014-101554號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開2012-244005號公報
但是藉由如專利文獻1及2所記載之表面處理液之處理,有時也因配線被加熱之溫度或加熱次數,而無法良好抑制遷移或配線表面之氧化的情形。因此,期望進一步提高遷移或配線表面之氧化之抑制效果之表面處理液或使用該表面處理液之金屬之表面處理方法。
本發明係有鑑於以上的問題而完成者,本發明之目的係提供可供予遷移或配線表面之氧化之抑制效果優異之表面處理液的新規咪唑化合物,提供含有該咪唑化合物之金屬表面處理液,使用該金屬表面處理液之金屬之表面處理方法、及使用該表面處理液之層合體之製造方法。
本發明等人藉由使用在所定之位置被所定之結構的芳香族基與可具有取代基之咪唑基取代之含有特定之結構之飽和脂肪酸或飽和脂肪酸酯之表面處理液,將金屬進行表面處理,發現可解決上述課題,而完成本發明。具體而言,本發明係提供以下者。
本發明之第一態樣係一種咪唑化合物,其係以下述式(1a)表示。
本發明之第二態樣係一種金屬表面處理液,其係含有第一態樣之咪唑化合物。
本發明之第三態樣係一種金屬之表面處理方法,其係使第二態樣之金屬表面處理液與金屬接觸。
本發明之第四態樣係一種層合體之製造方法,其係包含下述步驟:
使具備有基板及配置於前述基板上之由金屬所構成之配線之附配線的基板,與第二態樣之金屬表面處理液接觸,在前述配線之表面形成化成被膜之化成被膜形成步驟,
在具備有前述附配線之基板之前述化成被膜的面上,形成絕緣層的絕緣層形成步驟。
本發明之第五態樣係一種層合體之製造方法,其係包含下述步驟:使具有基板、配置於前述基板上之由金屬所構成之配
線、以及配置於前述基板上以前述配線之一部分露出的方式被覆前述配線的絕緣層之具備露出之配線的層合體,與第二態樣之金屬表面處理液接觸,在由前述絕緣層所露出之前述配線的表面形成化成被膜之化成被膜形成步驟。
依據本發明時,可提供可供予遷移或配線表面之氧化之抑制效果優異之表面處理液的新規咪唑化合物,提供含有該咪唑化合物之金屬表面處理液,提供使用該金屬表面處理液之金屬之表面處理方法、及使用該表面處理液之層合體之製造方法。
本發明之第一態樣係有關下述式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物。使式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物與金屬接觸的情形,式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物與金屬離子反應,在金屬之表面形成化成被膜。由金屬所構成之配線之表面形成化成被膜的情形,可抑制因金屬之遷移所致之配線間之短路或金屬之氧化。
式(1a)中,R為氫原子、或1價之有機基。1價之有機基無特別限定,例如可具有取代基之烷基、可具有取代基之芳香族基等,此烷基可為鏈中具有酯鍵等者。烷基可為例如與後述之式(1)中之R1等同樣,該碳原子數較佳為1~40,更佳為1~30,又更佳為1~20,再更佳為1~10。該烷基可具有之取代基,可為例如與後述之式(1)中之R3的伸烷基所具有之取代基同樣。可具有取代基之芳香族基,為與後述之式(1)中之R2同樣,較佳為芳基,更佳為苯基。可具有作為R之取代基的芳香族基可為與R2相同或相異。式(1a)中,其中一方的R較佳為氫原子,更佳為其中一方之R為氫原子且另一方的R為可具有取代基之烷基或可具有取代基之芳香族基。式(1a)中,R可與另一方之R或R2鍵結可形成環狀結構,例如至少1個之R為可具有取代基之烷基的情形,R與另一方之R或R2鍵結可形成環狀結構。
咪唑化合物可為下述式(1)表示之化合物。
式(1)中,R1為氫原子或烷基。R1為烷基的情形,該烷基可為直鏈烷基或支鏈烷基。該烷基之碳原子數無特別限定,較佳為1~20,更佳為1~10,又更佳為1~5。
作為R1之較佳之烷基的具體例,可列舉例如甲基、乙基、n-丙基、異丙基、n-丁基、異丁基、sec-丁基、tert-丁基、n-戊基、異戊基、tert-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基、2-乙基-n-己基、n-壬基、n-癸基、n-十一烷基、n-十二烷基、n-十三烷基、n-十四烷基、n-十五烷基、n-十六烷基、n-十七烷基、n-十八烷基、n-十九烷基、及n-二十烷基。
式(1)中,R2為可具有取代基之芳香族基。可具有取代基之芳香族基,可為可具有取代基之芳香族烴基,或可具有取代基之芳香族雜環基。
芳香族烴基之種類,只要不阻礙本發明之目
的之範圍內,無特別限定。芳香族烴基可為單環式之芳香族基,或可為2以上之芳香族烴基進行縮合形成,或2以上之芳香族烴基以單鍵鍵結形成。芳香族烴基較佳為苯基、萘基、聯苯基、蒽基、菲基(phenanthrenyl)。
芳香族雜環基之種類在不阻礙本發明之目的之範圍內無特別限定。芳香族雜環基可為單環式基,也可為多環式基。芳香族雜環基較佳為吡啶基、糠基(furyl group)、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、異噁唑基、異噻唑基、苯並噁唑基、苯並噻唑基、及苯並咪唑基。
苯基、多環芳香族烴基、或芳香族雜環基可具有之取代基,可列舉例如鹵素原子、羥基、巰基、硫基、甲矽烷基、矽烷醇基、硝基、亞硝基、亞磺基、磺基、磺酸基、膦基、氧膦基、磷醯基(phosphono)、膦醯基、胺基、銨基(ammonio)、及有機基。苯基、多環芳香族烴基、或芳香族雜環基具有複數之取代基的情形,該複數之取代基可相同或相異。
芳香族基所具有之取代基為有機基的情形,該有機基可列舉例如烷基、烯基、環烷基、環烯基、芳基、及芳烷基等。此有機基係在該有機基中也可含有雜原子等之烴基以外之鍵結或取代基。又,此有機基可為直鏈狀、支鏈狀、環狀之任一。此有機基通常為1價,但是形成環狀結構的情形等,可成為2價以上之有機基。
芳香族基所鄰接之碳原子上具有取代基的情
形,鍵結於鄰接之碳原子上之2個取代基彼此鍵結也可形成環狀結構。環狀結構可列舉例如脂肪族烴環或含有雜原子的脂肪族環。
芳香族基所具有之取代基為有機基的情形,該有機基所含有的鍵結,在不影響本發明效果的範圍內,無特別限定,有機基也可含有包含氧原子、氮原子、矽原子等之雜原子之鍵結。含有雜原子之鍵結的具體例,可列舉例如醚鍵、硫醚鍵、羰基鍵、硫羰基鍵、酯鍵、醯胺鍵、胺基鍵(-NRA-:RA表示氫原子或1價之有機基)胺基甲酸酯鍵、亞胺鍵(-N=C(-RB)-、-C(=NRB)-:RB表示氫原子或1價之有機基)、碳酸酯鍵、磺醯鍵、亞磺醯鍵、偶氮鍵等。
包含有機基可具有之雜原子的鍵結,由式(1a)或式(1)表示之咪唑化合物之耐熱性的觀點,較佳為醚鍵、硫醚鍵、羰基鍵、硫羰基鍵、酯鍵、醯胺鍵、胺基鍵(-NRA-:RA表示氫原子或1價之有機基)胺基甲酸酯鍵、亞胺鍵(-N=C(-RB)-、-C(=NRB)-:RB表示氫原子或1價之有機基)、碳酸酯鍵、磺醯鍵、亞磺醯鍵。
取代基為烴基以外之取代基的情形,烴基以外之取代基的種類,在不阻礙本發明之目的之範圍內無特別限定。烴基以外之取代基之具體例,可列舉例如鹵素原子、羥基、巰基、硫基、氰基、異氰基、氰酸酯基、異氰酸酯基、硫氰酸酯基、異硫氰基、甲矽烷基、矽烷醇基、烷氧基、烷氧基羰基、胺基、單烷基胺基、二烷基鋁基、
單芳基胺基、二芳基胺基、胺基甲醯基、硫胺基甲醯基、硝基、亞硝基、羧酸基(carboxylate group)、醯基、醯氧基、亞磺基、磺酸基、膦基、氧膦基、膦醯基、烷基醚基、烯基醚基、烷基硫醚基、烯基硫醚基、芳基醚基、芳基硫醚基等。上述取代基所含有的氫原子可被烴基取代。又,上述取代基所含有的烴基可為直鏈狀、支鏈狀、及環狀之任一者。
苯基、多環芳香族烴基、或芳香族雜環基所具有之取代基,較佳為碳原子數1~12之烷基、碳原子數1~12之芳基、碳原子數1~12之烷氧基、碳原子數1~12之芳氧基、碳原子數1~12之芳基胺基、及鹵素原子。
從可廉價且容易合成式(1a)或式(1)表示之咪唑化合物,且咪唑化合物對水或有機溶劑之溶解性良好的觀點,R2較佳為各自可具有取代基之苯基、糠基、噻吩基。
式(1)中,R3為可具有取代基之伸烷基。伸烷基可具有之取代基,在不阻礙本發明之目的之範圍內無特別限定。伸烷基可具有之取代基之具體例,可列舉例如羥基、烷氧基、胺基、氰基、及鹵素原子等。伸烷基可為直鏈伸烷基,也可為支鏈伸烷基,較佳為直鏈伸烷基。伸烷基之碳原子數無特別限定,但是較佳為1~20,更佳為1~10,又更佳為1~5。又,伸烷基之碳原子數不包括鍵結於伸烷基之取代基的碳原子。
作為鍵結於伸烷基之取代基的烷氧基可為直鏈烷氧基,也可為支鏈烷氧基。作為取代基之烷氧基的碳原子數無特別限定,但是較佳為1~10,更佳為1~6,特佳為1~3。
作為鍵結於伸烷基之取代基的胺基,可為單烷基胺基或二烷基胺基。單烷基胺基或二烷基胺基所含有的烷基,可為直鏈烷基,也可為支鏈烷基。單烷基胺基或二烷基胺基所含有之烷基的碳原子數無特別限定,但是較佳為1~10,更佳為1~6,特佳為1~3。
作為R3之較佳伸烷基之具體例,可列舉例如亞甲基、乙烷-1,2-二基、n-丙烷-1,3-二基、n-丙烷-2,2-二基、n-丁烷-1,4-二基、n-戊烷-1,5-二基、n-己烷-1,6-二基、n-庚烷-1,7-二基、n-辛烷-1,8-二基、n-壬烷-1,9-二基、n-癸烷-1,10-二基、n-十一烷-1,11-二基、n-十二烷-1,12-二基、n-十三烷-1,13-二基、n-十四烷-1,14-二基、n-十五烷-1,15-二基、n-十六烷-1,16-二基、n-十七烷-1,17-二基、n-十八烷-1,18-二基、n-十九烷-1,19-二基、及n-二十烷-1,20-二基。
R4為鹵素原子、羥基、巰基、硫基、甲矽烷基、矽烷醇基、硝基、亞硝基、磺酸基、膦基、氧膦基、膦醯基、或有機基,n為0~3之整數。n為2~3之整數的情形,複數之R4各自可相同或相異。
R4為有機基的情形,該有機基係與R2之芳香族基為可具有作為取代基的有機基同樣。
R4為有機基的情形,有機基較佳為烷基、芳香族烴基、及芳香族雜環基。烷基較佳為碳原子數1~8之直鏈狀或支鏈狀之烷基,更佳為甲基、乙基、n-丙基、及異丙基。芳香族烴基較佳為苯基、萘基、聯苯基、蒽基及菲基,更佳為苯基、及萘基,特佳為苯基。芳香族雜環基較佳為吡啶基、糠基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、異噁唑基、異噻唑基、苯並噁唑基、苯並噻唑基、及苯並咪唑基,更佳為糠基、及噻吩基。
R4為烷基的情形,烷基在咪唑環上之鍵結位置,較佳為2位、4位、5位之任一者,更佳為2位R4為芳香族烴基及芳香族雜環基的情形,此等之基在咪唑上之鍵結位置,較佳為2位。
上述式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物之中,從廉價且可容易合成的觀點,較佳為下述式(1-1a)表示之化合物。
R5、R6、R7、R8、及R9係與後述之式(1-1)相同。式(1-1a)中,R與R7鍵結也可形成環狀結構,例如R為可具有取代基之烷基的情形,R與R7鍵結也可形成環狀結構。
上述式(1)或式(1-1a)表示之咪唑化合物之中,從廉價且可容易合成,對水或有機溶劑之溶解性優異的觀點,較佳為下述式(1-1)表示之化合物,更佳為以式(1-1)表示,R3為亞甲基的化合物。
R5、R6、R7、R8、及R9為有機基的情形,該有機基係與式(1)中之R2為具有作為取代基之有機基同樣。R5、R6、R7、及R8從咪唑化合物對溶劑之溶解性的觀點,較佳為氫原子。
其中,R5、R6、R7、R8、及R9之中至少1個,較佳為下述取代基,特佳為R9為下述取代基。R9為下述取代基的情形,R5、R6、R7、及R8較佳為氫原子。-O-R10(R10為氫原子或有機基)。
R10為有機基的情形,該有機基係與式(1)中之R2為具有作為取代基之有機基同樣。R10較佳為烷基,更佳為碳原子數1~8之烷基,特佳為碳原子數1~3之烷基,最佳為甲基。
上述式(1-1)表示之化合物之中,較佳為下述式(1-1-1)表示之化合物。
式(1-1-1)表示之化合物之中,R11、R12、R13、R14、及R15之中至少1個,較佳為前述之-O-R10表示之基,特佳為R15為-O-R10表示之基。R15為-O-R10表示之基的情形,R11、R12、R13、及R14較佳為氫原子。
上述式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物之合成方法無特別限定。例如藉由使以R2CR(Hal)R(R2及R係與式(1a)相同,Hal為鹵素原子)表示之鹵化物與後述之式(II)表示之咪唑化合物,藉由常法反應進行咪唑基化,可合成上述式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物。
上述式(1)表示之咪唑化合物之合成方法無特別限定。例如使下述式(I)表示之含鹵素羧酸衍生物與下述式(II)表示之咪唑化合物,藉由常法反應進行咪唑基化,可合成上述式(1)表示之咪唑化合物。
又,咪唑化合物為式(1)所表示,且R3為亞甲基的情形,亦即,咪唑化合物為下述式(1-2)表示之化合物的情形,也可藉由以下所說明之Michael加成反應的方法,也可合成咪唑化合物。
具體而言,例如藉由使下述式(III)表示之3-取代丙烯酸衍生物與上述式(II)表示之咪唑化合物,在溶劑中混合產生Michael加成反應,可得到上述式(1-2)表示之咪唑化合物。
又,藉由將下述式(IV)表示之含有咪唑基之3-取代丙烯酸衍生物加入於含有水之溶劑中,可得到下述式(1-3)表示之咪唑化合物。
此時,藉由上述式(IV)表示之3-取代丙烯酸衍生物之水解,而生成上述式(II)表示之咪唑化合物與下述式(V)表示之3-取代丙烯酸。此外,在下述式(V)表示之3-取代丙烯酸與上述式(II)表示之咪唑化合物之間產生Michael加成反應,生成上述式(1-3)表示之咪唑化合物。
式(1a)或式(1)表示之咪唑化合物之較佳的具體例,可列舉例如以下者。
本發明之第二態樣係有關含有上述式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物的金屬表面處理液。使該金屬表面處理液與金屬接觸時,式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物與金屬離子產生反應,在金屬表面形成化成被膜。由金屬所構成之配線的表面形成化成被膜的情形,因金屬之遷移所致之配線間之短路或金
屬之氧化被抑制。
又,金屬表面處理液也可含有樹脂。藉由使金屬表面處理液中含有樹脂,可調整金屬表面處理液之塗佈性,或使用金屬表面處理液,在金屬上可形成具有絕緣性等之機能的樹脂膜。樹脂之種類只要是可溶於後述之溶劑時,則無特別限定。
金屬表面處理液為含有絕緣性之樹脂的情形,藉由使金屬與金屬表面處理液接觸,使形成化成被膜,接著藉由除去溶劑,可在金屬上形成絕緣膜。
使用不含樹脂之金屬表面處理液,進行金屬之表面處理與金屬上形成絕緣膜的情形,金屬表面處理液之塗佈與絕緣膜形成用之塗佈液之塗佈係為必要。對此,使用含有絕緣性之樹脂的金屬表面處理液時,以金屬表面處理液之一次塗佈,可進行金屬之表面處理及在金屬上形成絕緣膜。
此外,金屬表面處理液也可為在光阻組成物中添加有式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物的溶液。此時,光阻組成物可含或不含樹脂。光阻組成物不含樹脂的情形,光阻組成物為含有藉由曝光可高分子量化之聚合性的低分子化合物為佳。金屬表面處理液為含有式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物之光阻組成物的情形,進行金屬之表面處理,同時在金屬上可形成具有藉由光蝕刻法而圖型化之絕緣性等之機能的阻劑圖型。光阻組成物之種類無特別限定,可適宜選自以往各種目的使用之光阻組成物。又,光阻組成物可為正
型光阻組成物,也可為負型光阻組成物。
藉由金屬表面處理液之處理對象的金屬無特別限定,但是較佳為銅、銀、金、錫、鉛、鋅、鋁、鎳、鈀、及鉻、及此等之合金。處理對象之金屬因表面處理液之金屬之遷移或金屬表面之氧化的抑制效果特佳,故較佳為銅或含有銅的合金。含有銅之合金中所含有之銅以外之金屬無特別限定,較佳為選自由銀、金、錫、鉛、鋅、鋁、鎳、鈀、及鉻所成群之一種以上。
金屬表面處理液中,式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物溶解於溶劑。溶劑之種類只要是可使式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物以所望的濃度溶解時,即無特別限定,可為水,也可為有機溶劑,也可為有機溶劑之水溶液。從可廉價調製金屬表面處理液的觀點,溶劑為水較佳。又,不論咪唑化合物之種類,從使咪唑化合物良好溶解的觀點,溶劑較佳為有機溶劑。
作為溶劑使用之有機溶劑之較佳例,可列舉例如乙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單乙基醚、乙二醇單丙基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單丙基醚、丙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇單甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二乙二醇單丙基醚、及二乙二醇單苯基醚等之乙二醇單醚;乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚、乙二醇二丙基醚、丙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇二乙基醚、丙二醇二丙基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、及二乙二醇二丙基醚等之乙二醇二醚;乙二醇單甲
基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單丙基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單苯基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、及二乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯等之乙二醇單乙酸酯;二乙二醇單丙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單苯基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單丙基醚乙酸酯、2-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、4-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、2-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、3-乙基-3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、2-乙氧基丁基乙酸酯、4-乙氧基丁基乙酸酯、4-丙氧基丁基乙酸酯、2-甲氧基戊基乙酸酯、3-甲氧基戊基乙酸酯、4-甲氧基戊基乙酸酯、2-甲基-3-甲氧基戊基乙酸酯、3-甲基-3-甲氧基戊基乙酸酯、3-甲基-4-甲氧基戊基乙酸酯、及4-甲基-4-甲氧基戊基乙酸酯等之二醇類之單醚單乙酸酯;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、乙基異丁基酮、及環己酮等之酮類;丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸異丙酯、2-羥基丙酸甲酯、2-羥基丙酸乙酯、2-羥基-2-甲基、甲基-3-甲氧基丙酸酯、乙基-3-甲氧基丙酸酯、乙基-3-乙氧基丙酸酯、乙基-3-丙氧基丙酸酯、丙基-3-甲氧基丙酸酯、異丙基-3-甲氧基丙酸酯、乙氧基乙酸乙酯、羥基(oxy)乙酸乙酯、2-羥基-3-甲基丁酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異戊酯、碳酸甲酯、碳酸乙酯、碳酸丙酯、碳酸丁酯、丙酮酸甲酯、丙酮酸乙酯、丙酮酸丙酯、丙酮酸丁酯、乙
醯乙酸甲酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯(Ethyl acetoacetate)、乙酸苄酯、苯甲酸乙酯、草酸二乙酯、馬來酸二乙酯、及γ-丁內酯等之酯類;二乙基醚、二丙基醚、二丁基醚、二己基醚、苄基甲基醚、苄基乙基醚、及四氫呋喃等之醚類;苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、甲酚、及氯苯等之芳香族類;甲醇、乙醇、n-丙醇、異丙醇、n-丁醇、n-己醇、及環己醇等之脂肪族醇類;乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、及二丙二醇等之乙二醇類;丙三醇;N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、六甲基磷醯胺(phosphoramide)、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、及二甲基亞碸等之非質子性極性有機溶劑。
金屬表面處理液中之式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物的濃度,在不阻礙本發明之目的之範圍內無特別限定。金屬表面處理液中之式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物的濃度係相對於金屬表面處理液之質量,較佳為0.01~10質量%,更佳為0.01~7質量%,特佳為0.1~5質量%,最佳為0.5~3質量%。
金屬表面處理液,在不阻礙本發明之目的之範圍內,也可含有式(1a)表示之化合物以外之各種添加劑。金屬表面處理液可含有之添加劑之例,可列舉例如pH調整劑、界面活性劑、防腐劑、黏度調整劑、抗氧化劑、紫外線吸收劑、及著色劑等。此等之添加劑,在不阻礙本發明之目的之範圍內,可使用此等通常被使用之範圍的量。
又,金屬表面處理液,也可含有具有三唑骨架之有機鹼。具有三唑骨架之有機鹼,可列舉例如三唑、苯並三唑、1H-苯並三唑-5-羧酸等。藉由將這種有機鹼調配於金屬表面處理液,利用金屬表面處理液處理金屬時,可提高抑制氧化物膜形成的效果。金屬表面處理液中之上述有機鹼之含量,較佳為0.01~5質量%,更佳為0.01~3.5質量%,又更佳為0.1~2.5質量%,特佳為0.25~1.5質量%。
此外,金屬表面處理液也可含有鹵素化合物、或鋅化合物。金屬表面處理液含有鹵素化合物或鋅化合物的情形,可提高藉由使用金屬表面處理液之處理所形成之化成被膜的耐熱性。
鹵素化合物之具體例,可列舉例如氟化鈉、氟化鉀、氟化銨、氯化鈉、氯化鉀、氯化銨、2-氯丙酸、3-氯丙酸、溴化鈉、溴化鉀、溴化銨、2-溴-丙酸、3-溴-丙酸、碘化鈉、碘化鉀、碘化銨、2-碘丙酸、及3-碘丙酸等。鹵素化合物可組合2種以上,調配於金屬表面處理液中。金屬表面處理液中之鹵素化合物之含量,較佳為0.001~1質量%,更佳為0.01~0.1質量%。
鋅化合物之具體例,可列舉例如氧化鋅、甲酸鋅、乙酸鋅、草酸鋅、乳酸鋅、檸檬酸鋅、硫酸鋅、硝酸鋅、磷酸鋅、氯化鋅、溴化鋅、及碘化鋅。鋅化合物可組合2種以上,調配於金屬表面處理液中。金屬表面處理液中之鋅化合物之含量,較佳為0.01~5質量%,更佳為
0.02~3質量%。
金屬表面處理液之溶存氧濃度無特別限定,較佳為0.1質量%以下。更佳為8質量ppm以下,又更佳為4質量ppm以下。金屬表面處理液含有多量之溶存氧的情形,在使用金屬表面處理液之表面處理後,在金屬之表面容易產生腐蝕或遷移。
降低金屬表面處理液之溶存氧濃度的方法無特別限定。降低溶存氧濃度之方法,可列舉例如使用惰性氣體之起泡、真空脫氣、高分子膜或無機膜之除去氧等的方法。金屬表面處理液之溶存氧濃度,可藉由公知的方法來測量。
本發明之第三態樣係有關使用前述金屬表面處理液之金屬之表面處理方法。金屬之表面處理方法係使金屬與前述金屬表面處理液接觸來進行。
使金屬與金屬表面處理液接觸的方法無特別限定。使金屬與金屬表面處理液接觸的方法,可列舉例如將金屬浸漬於金屬表面處理液的方法、在金屬之表面塗佈金屬表面處理液的方法、在金屬之表面噴霧金屬表面處理液的方法等。
金屬為形成於基板上之配線的情形,使接觸金屬表面處理液的方法,較佳為對基板表面塗佈金屬表面處理液。塗佈方法可列舉例如噴霧塗佈法、浸漬塗佈法、
輥塗法、淋幕式塗佈法、旋轉塗佈法、網版印刷法、刮刀塗佈及塗佈器法等。
使金屬與金屬表面處理液接觸時之溫度、時間等之條件,只要是可良好形成化成被膜的條件時,即無特別限定。溫度例如較佳為10~180℃,更佳為30~110℃。時間較佳為20~300秒,更佳為30~120秒。
通常,藉由金屬表面處理液之表面處理後,除去來自於附著於金屬之金屬表面處理液的溶劑。除去溶劑的方法無特別限定。可列舉例如藉由加熱等乾燥而除去溶劑的方法,或將金屬之表面以容易乾燥的溶劑洗淨後,使金屬表面乾燥的方法等。
例如由金屬所構成之配線以如上述的方法表面處理後,為了在配線之表面形成經圖型化之絕緣層之目的或在配線上形成(形成如金屬點之端子用)鑄模之目的,可在經表面處理後之配線上形成阻劑圖型。此時,阻劑圖型形成用的阻劑組成物之種類無特別限定,配合形成阻劑圖型之目的,可適宜選擇阻劑組成物的種類。
形成阻劑圖型時,藉由預烘烤步驟或後烘烤步驟,有時配線會被加熱。但是即使配線被加熱,配線以上述方法經表面處理時,可抑制因遷移產生之金屬化合物之樹狀結晶對阻劑圖型之浸潤或配線之表面之氧化。
本發明之第四及第五態樣係有關層合體之製造方法。
第四態樣係藉由下述方法製造層合體,其中前述方法包含下述步驟:使具備有基板及配置於前述基板上之由金屬所構成之配線之附配線的基板,與前述金屬表面處理液接觸,在前述配線之表面形成化成被膜之化成被膜形成步驟,在具備有附配線之基板之化成被膜的面上,形成絕緣層的絕緣層形成步驟。
第五態樣係藉由下述方法製造層合體,其中前述方法包含下述步驟:使具有基板、配置於前述基板上之由金屬所構成之配線、以及配置於前述基板上以配線之一部分露出的方式被覆配線的絕緣層之具備露出之配線的層合體,與前述金屬表面處理液接觸,在從絕緣層露出之配線的表面形成化成被膜之化成被膜形成步驟。
藉由此方法製造之層合體,可列舉例如多層配線基板或層合型之TFT陣列等。製造此等之層合體的情形,在絕緣層之形成步驟等,由金屬所構成之配線被加熱至例如50~300℃左右之溫度條件的情形多。但是製造層合體時,使用前述金屬表面處理液,在配線之表面形成化成被膜時,可抑制配線之表面之腐蝕或因遷移生成金屬化合物之樹狀結晶所致之配線之短路之發生。
支撐由金屬所構成之配線的基板,通常為絕緣基板。絕緣基板可列舉例如有機基板、陶瓷基板、矽基板、玻璃基板等。有機基板之材料無特別限定,酚樹脂、
脲樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、醇酸樹脂、環氧樹脂等之熱硬化性樹脂或聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚苯醚樹脂、聚苯硫醚樹脂、芳香族聚醯胺(Aramid)、液晶聚合物等之熱可塑性樹脂。又,使玻璃纖維、芳香族聚醯胺(Aramid)纖維、芳香族聚醯胺纖維等之織布或不織布含浸熱硬化性樹脂後,使硬化的材料也可適合作為基板使用。
配線之寬、厚度、配線間之間隔無特別限定,但是各自較佳為0.1~1000μm,更佳為0.3~25μm。層合體為印刷配線基板的情形,配線之寬、厚度、配線間之間隔,各自較佳為1~1000μm,更佳為3~25μm。
藉由金屬表面處理液之表面處理對象之具備附配線之基板或露出之配線的層合體,可在與具備支撐配線之基板上之經表面處理之配線之面之相反側之面,依序具備其他之金屬配線與層間絕緣層。又,其他之金屬配線與層間絕緣層可為2層以上交互層合。
層間絕緣層之材料無特別限定,可列舉例如酚樹脂、萘樹脂、尿素樹脂、胺基樹脂、醇酸樹脂、環氧樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂等。
具備露出之配線的層合體係具有以使配置於基板上的配線之一部分露出的方式覆蓋配線之絕緣層。此絕緣層係使用例如環氧樹脂、芳香族聚醯胺樹脂、結晶性聚烯烴樹脂、非晶性聚烯烴樹脂、含氟樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚苯硫醚樹脂、聚醚醚酮樹脂、丙烯酸酯樹脂等來形成。具有露出配線之開口部的絕緣層係藉由
例如、網版印刷法或使用感光性樹脂組成物之光蝕刻法等來形成。
使以上說明之具備附配線之基板或露出之配線的層合體與前述之金屬表面處理液接觸,在配線之表面形成化成被膜。使形成化成被膜之表面處理的條件係與第三態樣之表面處理方法所說明的條件同樣。
使用金屬表面處理液形成化成被膜之後,除去附著於具備附配線之基板或露出之配線之層合體之表面之來自金屬表面處理液的溶劑。除去來自金屬表面處理液之溶劑的方法係與第三態樣之表面處理方法所說明之方法同樣的方法。
第四態樣係在附配線之基板上之配線上形成化成被膜之後,在具備附配線之基板之化成被膜之面上形成絕緣層。此絕緣層係使用例如環氧樹脂、芳香族聚醯胺樹脂、結晶性聚烯烴樹脂、非晶性聚烯烴樹脂、含氟樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚苯硫醚樹脂、聚醚醚酮樹脂、丙烯酸酯樹脂等來形成。形成絕緣層的方法無特別限定,可列舉例如將絕緣層形成用薄膜層合於基板的方法或將絕緣層形成用組成物塗佈於基板表面的方法等。
又,絕緣層可使用含有式(1a)表示之化合物與適合形成絕緣層使用之前述樹脂的金屬表面處理液來形成。此時,在附配線之基板上形成化成被膜之後,藉由自金屬表面處理液之塗佈膜除去溶劑,可形成絕緣層。
此外,絕緣層也可使用由含有式(1a)表示之咪
唑化合物之光阻組成物所構成之金屬表面處理液來形成。此時,使用光阻組成物的金屬表面處理液之附配線之基板上形成化成被膜之後,自金屬表面處理液之塗佈膜除去溶劑,將塗佈膜藉由光蝕刻法進行圖型化,能夠以所望之形狀的光阻圖型作為絕緣膜形成於附配線之基板上。
形成於附配線之基板表面之絕緣層的膜厚,只要是可將配線良好絕緣時,即無特別限定。層合體為印刷配線基板的情形,絕緣層的厚度較佳為5~50μm,更佳為15~40μm。
如此製造的層合體,可抑制由金屬所構成之配線表面的氧化或因遷移生成金屬化合物之樹狀結晶所造成之配線間之短路之發生。因此,藉由上述方法製造的層合體可適用於各種用途。
實施例1-1中,合成作為添加劑1之下述結構的咪唑化合物。
將上述式之結構的原料化合物(1-(3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯醯基)-咪唑)400g與水一同投入乾燥機內,在60℃下加熱1個月。將此於室溫中,以乙酸乙酯4000g進行散漿(repulping)洗淨,進行過濾及乙酸乙酯400g×2次之清洗,得到濕粉1。將濕粉1再度以乙酸乙酯4000g進行散漿洗淨,進行過濾及乙酸乙酯400g×2次之清洗,得到濕粉2。藉由將濕粉2於40℃下減壓乾燥,得到目的物之上述添加劑1(3-咪唑基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)-丙酸)300g。添加物1的純度係藉由HPLC之測量為99.9%以上。
測量1H-NMR的結果如下述。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):7.82(1H)、7.31-7.40(3H)、6.88-6.95(2H)、6.85(1H)、5.67-5.70(1H)3.70(3H)、3.16-3.32(2H)。
添加劑1之純度的測量係量秤添加劑1之結晶0.01~0.02g,使用乙腈(和光純藥工業(股)製、高速液體層析用)稀釋至50mL者作為樣品,使用高速液體層析(HPLC)測量。純度係從由色譜(chromatogram)上所觀察之對象化合物之波峰面積相對於所有成分之波峰面積之總和之比率(%)來算出。
高速液體層析之分析條件如下述。
管柱:Inertsil ODS3
移動相:A液50mM KH2PO4/K2HPO4(pH=7)水溶液
B液乙腈
幫浦模式:等強度(isocratic)(A液/B液=50%/50%(v/v))
UV波長:220nm
注入量:5μm
管柱溫度:40℃
流量:1.0mL/min.
NMR測量係使用Bruker Biospin公司製之AVANCE500型NMR裝置。
除了相對於原料化合物400g,添加4g之咪唑及加熱時間由1個月變更為2週外,與實施例1-1同樣,得到添加劑1(380g)。所得之添加物1的純度以HPLC之測量為99.9%以上。
首先,將實施例1-1所使用的原料化合物30g溶解於甲醇200g後,將氫氧化鉀7g添加於甲醇中。接著,在40℃下攪拌甲醇溶液。餾除甲醇,使殘渣懸浮於水200g
中。所得之懸浮液中混合四氫呋喃200g,進行攪拌使水相分液。冰冷下,添加鹽酸4g進行攪拌後,將乙酸乙酯100g混合、攪拌。混合液靜置後,分離取得油相。自油相中使目的物結晶化(crystallization),回收析出物得到添加劑1。
實施例2中,合成作為添加劑2之下述結構的咪唑化合物。
具體而言,除了將原料化合物變更為下述式之結構的肉桂酸衍生物外,與實施例1-3同樣得到上述結構的咪唑化合物(添加劑2)。
在表1所記載之種類的溶劑中,添加使添加劑之濃度
成為2質量%,表1所記載之種類的添加劑後,使添加劑均勻溶解於溶劑中,調製各實施例及比較例使用的處理液。又,比較例19~24使用的處理液不含添加劑。又,表1所記載的PGMEA為丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯,TMU為N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲。
表1所記載的添加劑1~5如以下所示。
添加劑1:上述實施例1所得之咪唑化合物
添加劑2:上述實施例2所得之咪唑化合物
添加劑3:IRGANOX 1010(BASF公司製、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二-tert-丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯(Propionate)])
添加劑4:4-羥基-3,5-二-tert-丁基甲苯
添加劑5:雙氰胺
將由Mo-Ti合金所構成之金屬基底上,具備厚度約4000Å之銅膜層之基板(10cm角),以處理液進行處理。具體而言,首先,在銅膜層之表面,使用旋轉塗佈機塗佈處理液。塗佈後,將基板以100℃烘烤100秒鐘,除去塗佈膜中之溶劑。以100℃之烘烤後,使用掃描型電子顯微鏡觀察基板之剖面得知以含有添加劑的處理液處理後的基板,在銅膜層上形成有認為應係來自處理液中之添加劑之厚度1500~2000Å的層。
實施例3~8、比較例1~9、及比較例19~21,在100℃之烘烤後,再將基板以230℃烘烤20分鐘。
實施例9~14、比較例10~18、及比較例22~24,在100℃之烘烤後,於銅膜層上形成阻劑膜。阻劑
膜之形成時,使用含有酚醛清漆型樹脂與萘醌二疊氮型之感光劑的阻劑組成物。
阻劑膜之形成,具體而言,首先藉由旋轉塗佈法在銅膜層上塗佈阻劑組成物後,以100℃、100秒的條件進行預烘烤。接著,預烘烤後,以曝光量75mJ/cm2使塗佈膜曝光。曝光後的塗佈膜使用濃度2.58質量%之四甲基銨氫氧化物的水溶液進行顯影。顯影後,基板以230℃烘烤20分鐘後,形成特定之圖型的阻劑膜。
以230℃之烘烤後,使用掃描型電子顯微鏡觀察基板之剖面,觀察有無形成氧化物膜。形成有氧化物膜時,在基板之剖面,明確觀察到銅膜層與氧化物膜之界面。由掃描型電子顯微鏡圖像求得形成之氧化物膜的膜厚,氧化物膜之形成狀況依據以下基準進行評價。各實施例及比較例有關氧化物膜形成的評價結果如表1所示。
◎:未形成氧化物膜。
○:氧化物膜之膜厚、未達50nm。
×:氧化物膜之膜厚為50nm以上。
由表1可知,使用含有式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物之實施例的金屬表面處理液,將銅膜層進行表面處理的情形,即使加熱銅膜層,也不易產生銅膜層之氧化。另外,藉由比較例時,使用不含式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物之金屬表面處理液,即使將銅膜層進行表面處理,也無法抑
制因加熱所造成之銅膜層之氧化。
特別是比較例1~6、及比較例10~15所使用之添加劑3及4係作為抗氧化劑為人所知,但是即使以含有添加劑3及4之金屬表面處理液,進行銅膜層之表面處理,也無法防止因銅膜層之加熱所造成之氧化。
又,由以230℃烘烤後之基板的剖面由掃描型電子顯微鏡圖像,在比較例1~9形成有厚度約1500~約2500Å的氧化物膜,藉此得知銅膜層之膜厚為4000Å降低至約2500~約3500Å。
另外,實施例3~8則幾乎未形成氧化物膜,且銅膜層之膜厚維持約4000Å。
又,實施例8~14未觀察到在銅膜層上所產生之銅化合物之樹狀結晶對阻劑膜之浸潤。另外,比較例10~18及比較例22~24則觀察到在銅膜層上所產生之銅化合物之樹狀結晶對阻劑膜之顯著的浸潤。
關於實施例15~17係將表2所記載之種類的添加劑0.4g溶解於19.6g之TMU中,調製金屬表面處理液。實施例18係將0.4g之添加劑2與0.1g之1H-苯並三唑-5-羧酸溶解於19.5g之TMU中,調製金屬表面處理液。1H-苯並三唑-5-羧酸係作為鹼性化合物被添加於金屬表面處理液中。
依據以下方法確認所得之金屬表面處理液之
金屬膜層中之氧化物膜生成之抑制效果。
首先,將由Mo-Ti合金所構成之金屬基底上,具備厚度約4000Å之表2所記載之種類之金屬所構成之金屬膜層的基板(10cm四方),以處理液進行處理。具體而言,首先,金屬膜層之表面,使用旋轉塗佈機塗佈處理液。塗佈後,將基板以100℃烘烤100秒鐘,除去塗佈膜中之溶劑。以100℃之烘烤後,再將基板以230℃烘烤20分鐘。
以230℃之烘烤後,使用掃描型電子顯微鏡觀察基板之剖面,觀察有無形成氧化物膜。形成氧化物膜的情形,在基板之剖面,明確觀察到金屬膜層與氧化物膜之界面。由掃描型電子顯微鏡圖像求得形成之氧化物膜的膜厚,氧化物膜之形成狀況依據以下基準進行評價。
A~D評價為較佳為的評價結果,E評價為不佳的評價結果。各實施例有關氧化物膜形成的評價結果如表2所示。
A:未形成氧化物膜。
B:氧化物膜之膜厚未達5nm。
C:氧化物膜之膜厚為5nm以上、未達10nm。
D:氧化物膜之膜厚為10nm以上、未達50nm。
E:氧化物膜之膜厚為50nm以上。
依據實施例15~17時可知藉由含有式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物之金屬表面處理液的處理,可抑制對於各種金屬之氧化物膜之形成。
依據實施例18時可知藉由在金屬表面處理液中添加如1H-苯並三唑-5-羧酸之鹼性化合物,可提高抑制氧化物膜之形成的效果。
實施例19~22、及24~34係在含有固體成分19.6g之量之表3所記載之種類的光阻組成物中,添加將表3所記載之種類的添加劑0.4g溶解於表3所記載之種類的溶劑的溶液2g,得到光阻組成物的金屬表面處理液。
又,表3中關於溶劑之簡稱係指以下的溶劑。
NMP:N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮
DMAc:N,N-二甲基乙醯胺
DMIB:N,N-2-三甲基丙醯胺
實施例23係在含有固體成分19.6g之量之表3所記載之種類的光阻組成物中,添加將表3所記載之種類的添加劑0.4g與1H-苯並三唑-5-羧酸0.1g溶解於表3
所記載之種類之溶劑的溶液2.5g,得到光阻組成物的金屬表面處理液。
比較例25~28係在含有固體成分19.6g之量之表3所記載之種類的光阻組成物中,添加表3所記載之種類的溶劑2g,得到光阻組成物的金屬表面處理液。
比較例29~32係在含有固體成分19.6g之量之表3所記載之種類的光阻組成物中,添加將表3所記載之種類的添加劑0.4g溶解於表3所記載之種類之溶劑的溶液2g,得到光阻組成物的金屬表面處理液。
又,比較例32使用的添加劑6為2-乙基-4-甲基-1H-咪唑。
比較例33係在含有固體成分19.6g之量之表3所記載之種類的光阻組成物中,添加使1H-苯並三唑-5-羧酸0.4g溶解於表3所記載之種類之溶劑的溶液2g,得到光阻組成物的金屬表面處理液。
實施例19~34、及比較例25~33使用的光阻PR1~PR6的組成如下述。
將鹼可溶性樹脂之下述結構的樹脂60質量份、光聚合性化合物的二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯33質量份、及自由基聚合起始劑的1,2-辛二酮,1-[4-(苯基硫)-,2-(O-苯甲醯基肟)]5質量份,以PGMEA稀釋,使固體成分濃度成為20質量%的負型光阻組成物。下式中,括弧之右下之
數表示構成鹼可溶性樹脂之各構成單位之質量相對於鹼可溶性樹脂之全質量的比率。
使20質量份之酚醛清漆樹脂A1、55質量份之酚醛清漆樹脂A2、8質量份之交聯劑、14質量份之感光劑及1質量份之矽烷偶合劑溶解於由MEDG(二乙二醇甲基乙基醚)50質量份與PGMEA50質量份所構成之混合溶劑之固體成分濃度49.5質量%的正型光阻組成物。PR2所含之各成分係如以下所說明。
酚醛清漆樹脂A1及A2係使用依據以下方法所得的樹脂。
將m-甲酚及p-甲酚以6:4之比率使用,投入甲醛及觸媒量之草酸,使在迴流下反應,藉由調整反應時間得到
聚苯乙烯換算之質量平均分子量5000的酚醛清漆樹脂A1與質量平均分子量15000之酚醛清漆樹脂A2。
聚苯乙烯換算之質量平均分子量係使用測量裝置(Shodex SYSTEM21、Shodex公司製),在管柱(Shodex KF-G、KF-801、Shodex公司製)中注入濃度0.02g/10ml THF之樣品20μl,管柱烤箱40℃、溶離液為四氫呋喃(THF)以流量1.0mL/分鐘流通,藉由檢測UV280nm之吸收量來進行測量。
感光劑為使用下述之2,3,4,4’-四羥基二苯甲酮之1,2-萘醌二疊氮-5-磺酸之部分酯(3個R之中,1個為氫原子)。
交聯劑為使用具有下述化學結構之六羥甲基三聚氰胺之甲基化體(NikalacMW-100LM、三和化學公司製)。
矽烷偶合劑為使用3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷。
將下述光解離性樹脂70質量份、下述鹼可溶性樹脂30質量份、及下述構造藉由光之作用,使產生酸或自由基的化合物5質量份溶解於PGMEA中,使固體成分濃度成為25質量%的正型光阻組成物。
藉由曝光使保護基脫保護之光解離性樹脂為使用下述結構的樹脂。鹼可溶性樹脂為使用下述構造的樹脂。關於樹脂之下述結構式中,括弧之右下之數表示各構成單位之質量對於各樹脂之全質量的比率。
將100質量份之下述結構的丙烯酸樹脂、4質量份之
下述結構的光酸產生劑1、10質量份之下述結構的光酸產生劑2及1質量份的水楊酸溶解於含有丙二醇單甲基醚(PGME)976質量份及PGMEA1464質量份的混合溶劑中的正型光阻組成物。丙烯酸樹脂之質量平均分子量Mw為7600,數平均分子量Mn與質量平均分子量Mw之比(Mw/Mn)為1.6。關於丙烯酸樹脂之下述結構式中,括弧之右下之數表示各構成單位之質量相對於丙烯酸樹脂之全質量的比率。
使以下之聚羥基苯乙烯A 3質量份、以下之聚羥基苯乙烯B 7質量份、雙(環己基磺醯基)重氮甲烷0.4質量份、雙(2,4-二甲基苯基磺醯基)重氮甲烷0.1質量份、連苯三酚三甲磺酸鹽0.2質量份、水楊酸0.02質量份、二苯甲酮0.1質量份、三乙胺0.03質量份、及DMAc 0.5質量份溶解於PGMEA 45質量份的正型光阻組成物。
羥基之39%為tert-丁氧基羰氧基所取代的聚(羥基苯乙烯)。質量平均分子量13,000、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)1.5。
羥基之39%為1-乙氧基乙氧基所取代的聚(羥基苯乙烯)。質量平均分子量13,000、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)1.5。
將50質量份之下述結構的丙烯酸樹脂、50質量份之酚醛清漆聚合物(m-甲酚:p-甲酚=6:4)、2質量份之下述結構的光酸產生劑及0.1質量份之三戊基胺0.1質量份使固體成分濃度成為50質量%來溶解於PGMEA的正型光阻組成物。有關丙烯酸樹脂之下述結構式中,括弧之右下之數表示各構成單位之質量相對於丙烯酸樹脂之全質量的比率。
依據以下方法確認所得之金屬表面處理液在金屬膜層中之氧化物膜生成的抑制效果。
首先,將由Mo-Ti合金所構成之金屬基底上,具備厚度約4000Å之表3所記載之種類之金屬所構成之金屬膜層的基板(10cm四方),以處理液進行處理。具體而言,首先,在金屬膜層之表面,使用旋轉塗佈機塗佈處理液。塗佈後,將基板以100℃烘烤100秒鐘,除去塗佈膜中之溶劑。然後,將塗佈膜依據適合各阻劑組成物之方法,藉由光蝕刻法進行圖型化,形成被覆金屬膜層之一部份的阻劑圖型。阻劑圖型之形成後,再將基板以230℃烘
烤20分鐘。
以230℃之烘烤後,使用掃描型電子顯微鏡觀察基板之剖面,觀察有無形成氧化物膜。形成有氧化物膜時,在基板之剖面,明確觀察到金屬膜層與氧化物膜之界面。由掃描型電子顯微鏡圖像求得形成之氧化物膜的膜厚,氧化物膜之形成狀況依據以下基準進行評價。
A~D評價為較佳為的評價結果,E評價為不佳的評價結果。各實施例及比較例有關氧化物膜形成的評價結果如表3所示。
A:未形成氧化物膜。
B:氧化物膜之膜厚未達5nm。
C:氧化物膜之膜厚為5nm以上、未達10nm。
D:氧化物膜之膜厚為10nm以上、未達50nm。
E:氧化物膜之膜厚為50nm以上。
依據實施例19~34時,得知即使金屬表面處理液為含有樹脂的光阻組成物,藉由金屬表面處理液之處理可良好抑制氧化物膜之形成。
又,關於各實施例,藉由掃描型電子顯微鏡之基板之剖面的觀察結果時,未發現金屬膜以阻劑圖型被覆之處與金屬膜未被阻劑圖型被覆之處,在氧化物膜之形成之抑制效果上有明顯差異。
此乃是因為在將光阻組成物之液狀的金屬表面處理劑塗佈於基板上的階段,配位於式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物之金屬膜,形成化成被膜的緣故。
比較實施例19與實施例23時,得知藉由在光阻組成物的金屬表面處理液中,添加如1H-苯並三唑-5-羧酸之鹼性化合物,可提高氧化物膜之形成之抑制效果。
依據比較例25~33時,得知即使將不含式(1a)表示之咪唑化合物的光阻組成物作為金屬表面處理液使用,也無法抑制在金屬膜之表面之氧化物膜之形成。
Claims (7)
- 一種咪唑化合物,其係以下述式(1-1)表示,(式中,R4各自獨立表示鹵素原子、羥基、巰基、硫基、甲矽烷基、矽烷醇基、硝基、亞硝基、磺酸基、膦基、氧膦基、膦醯基、或可具有雜原子或取代基之烷基、烯基、環烷基、環烯基、芳基及芳烷基,n表示0~3之整數,R5、R6、R7、及R8各自獨立為氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、巰基、硫基、甲矽烷基、矽烷醇基、硝基、亞硝基、亞磺基、磺基、磺酸基、膦基、氧膦基、磷醯基、膦醯基、胺基、銨基、或可具有雜原子或取代基之烷基、烯基、環烷基、環烯基、芳基或芳烷基,前述R9為-O-R10,前述R10為氫原子或烷基,R1為氫原子或烷基,R3為可具有取代基之伸烷基,R3可與R7鍵結形成環狀結構)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之咪唑化合物,其中前述前述R10為甲基。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之咪唑化合物,其中前述R11、R12、R13及R14為氫原子。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之咪唑化合物,其中前述R1為氫原子。
- 如申請專利範圍第3~5項中任一項之咪唑化合物,其中前述n為0。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6625541B2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 |
US20170247334A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
KR20170042795A (ko) | 2017-04-19 |
EP3184511B1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
TWI682925B (zh) | 2020-01-21 |
CN107540617A (zh) | 2018-01-05 |
KR20170048428A (ko) | 2017-05-08 |
US10336708B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
CN106687447B (zh) | 2020-06-02 |
EP3184511A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
RU2692774C2 (ru) | 2019-06-27 |
RU2017109679A3 (zh) | 2018-10-01 |
WO2016031928A1 (ja) | 2016-03-03 |
CN107540617B (zh) | 2020-12-18 |
KR102179510B1 (ko) | 2020-11-16 |
JP6626072B2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 |
KR102157361B1 (ko) | 2020-09-18 |
TW201623248A (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
RU2017109679A (ru) | 2018-10-01 |
TW201808913A (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
JP2018039837A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
EP3514145A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
CN106687447A (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
JPWO2016031928A1 (ja) | 2017-06-22 |
EP3184511A4 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
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