TWI667289B - 聚醯胺組成物及薄膜與其形成方法 - Google Patents

聚醯胺組成物及薄膜與其形成方法 Download PDF

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TWI667289B
TWI667289B TW107113189A TW107113189A TWI667289B TW I667289 B TWI667289 B TW I667289B TW 107113189 A TW107113189 A TW 107113189A TW 107113189 A TW107113189 A TW 107113189A TW I667289 B TWI667289 B TW I667289B
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polyamide
film
sheet
polyamine
polyamide composition
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TW201943797A (zh
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吳志宏
呂銘聰
張勝隆
劉弘仁
蕭柏齡
黎彥成
張義和
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財團法人工業技術研究院
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Priority to TW107113189A priority Critical patent/TWI667289B/zh
Priority to US16/231,695 priority patent/US11084262B2/en
Priority to CN201910067454.3A priority patent/CN110387122B/zh
Priority to JP2019071793A priority patent/JP6830977B2/ja
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Abstract

本揭露提供之薄膜的形成方法,包括:提供聚醯胺組成物的片材;以及雙軸拉伸聚醯胺組成物的片材,以形成薄膜,其中聚醯胺組成物包括:第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的混摻物,其 中第一聚醯胺具有重複單元,其中第二聚醯 胺具有重複單元

Description

聚醯胺組成物及薄膜與其形成方法
本揭露關於聚醯胺的混摻物,更特別關於此混摻物於易撕薄膜的應用。
聚醯胺薄膜具有抗穿刺、耐磨損、適用溫度廣、真空耐高溫、無毒、不會釋出塑化劑、及阻氣率高等優異特性,故在食品、電子、醫藥、與包裝市場的需求量日益增大。近年來,為因應全球人口長壽老齡化人群急速增加之趨勢,為了使老年人或殘疾人能與年輕人或健康正常人一起度過舒適的社會生活,因此賦予聚醯胺薄膜易撕性並應用於聚醯胺積層包材的技術(包裝領域的「無障礙」概念)開始受到矚目。易撕的聚醯胺薄膜亦為全球軟塑包裝市場發展重點之一。易撕的聚醯胺積層包材可應用於醬料包、調味包、食用油包、料理包、粥品包、母乳袋、飲料袋等食品包裝用途。
綜上所述,目前亟需新的聚醯胺組成物以用於易撕薄膜。
本揭露一實施例提供之聚醯胺組成物,包括:第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的混摻物,其中第一聚醯胺具有重複單 元,其中第二聚醯胺具有重複單元 ,且 第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共聚物。
本揭露一實施例提供之聚醯胺組成物,第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的重量比可介於90:10至70:30之間。
本揭露一實施例提供之聚醯胺組成物,第一聚醯胺與該第二聚醯胺的重量比可介於85:15至75:25之間。
本揭露一實施例提供之聚醯胺組成物,第二聚醯 胺的重複單元的莫耳比介於65:35至55:45之間。
本揭露一實施例提供之聚醯胺組成物,第一聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於2.5至4.0之間。
本揭露一實施例提供之聚醯胺組成物,第二聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於1.01至2.5之間。
本揭露一實施例提供之薄膜,包括聚醯胺組成物,且聚醯胺組成物包括:第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的混摻物, 其中第一聚醯胺具有重複單元,其中第二聚 醯胺具有重複單元,且第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共 聚物。
本揭露一實施例提供之薄膜,可視需求壓合至聚合物膜、金屬箔、或上述之組合以形成積層薄膜。
本揭露一實施例提供之薄膜的形成方法,包括:提供聚醯胺組成物的片材;以及雙軸拉伸聚醯胺組成物的片材,以形成薄膜,其中聚醯胺組成物包括:第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的混摻物,其中該第一聚醯胺具有重複單元 ,其中第二聚醯胺具有重複單元 ,且 第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共聚物;其中雙軸拉伸聚醯胺組成物的片材的速率可介於20mm/sec至100mm/sec之間。
本揭露一實施例提供之薄膜的形成方法,雙軸拉伸該聚醯胺組成物的片材的速率可介於20mm/sec至40mm/sec 之間。
D‧‧‧垂直距離
10‧‧‧薄膜
11‧‧‧開口
13‧‧‧撕開處
15‧‧‧理想撕線
第1圖係本發明一實施例中,薄膜的易撕性測試的示意圖。
本揭露一實施例提供之聚醯胺組成物,包括第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的混摻物。第一聚醯胺具有重複單元 。第二聚醯胺具有重複單元 上述第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共聚物。在一實施例中,第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的重量比介於90:10至70:30之間。在另一實施例中,第一聚醯胺與該第二聚醯胺的重量比介於85:15至75:25之間。若第二聚醯胺的比例過高,則會提高成本且難以加工。若第二聚醯胺的比例過低,則無法使聚醯胺組合物成膜後具有易撕性。
在一實施例中,第二聚醯胺的重複單元 的莫 耳比介於65:35至55:45之間。若的 比例過高,則第二聚醯胺將為非結晶性聚合物。如此一來,含有非結晶性聚合物的聚醯胺組成物在成膜後仍不具易撕性。若 的比例過低,則第二聚醯胺的熔點 過高而無法與第一聚醯胺混摻並加工成膜。
在一實施例中,第一聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於2.5至4.0之間,而第二聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於1.01至2.5之間。若第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的相對黏度過大或過小,則不適於後續之加工製膜製程。在一實施例中,第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的相對黏度差異介於0至2之間。若上述相對黏度差異過大,則不易混摻及加工製膜。
在一實施例中,第二聚醯胺的熔點介於220~260℃之間,冷結晶溫度介於170~215℃之間,且玻璃轉移溫度介於120~130℃之間。若第二聚醯胺的熔點過高或過低,則與第一聚醯胺的熔點差距過大而不易加工。在一實施例中,聚醯胺組成物的熔點介於195~225℃之間,且結晶度介於20%~30%之間。
本揭露一實施例提供之薄膜,包括聚醯胺組成物,且聚醯胺組成物包括:第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的混摻物, 其中第一聚醯胺具有重複單元,其中第二聚 醯胺具有重複單元,且第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共 聚物。在一實施例中,上述薄膜的厚度符合常用的產品規格,比如介於15微米至25微米之間。在其他實施例中,可依產品需求增加或減少薄膜的厚度。在一實施例中,可將上述薄膜壓合至其他薄膜基材,且薄膜基材可使用聚合物如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、直鏈低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物皂化物(EVOH)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、離子交換聚合物、或上述的混合物,其薄膜可直接使用,或進一步單軸或雙軸拉伸。此外,也可以使用鋁箔等金屬薄膜以形成積層膜。再者,也可以使用聚合物膜與金屬箔的組合膜。壓合方式可以是擠出壓合、熱熔壓合、乾式壓合或濕式壓合。在一實施例中,積層薄膜的厚度符合常用的產品規格,比如介於50至120微米之間。在其他實施例中,可依產品需求增加或減少積層薄膜中各層材料的厚度。
本揭露一實施例提供之薄膜的形成方法,包括:提供聚醯胺組成物的片材;以及雙軸拉伸聚醯胺組成物的片材,以形成薄膜,其中聚醯胺組成物包括:第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的混摻物,其中第一聚醯胺具有重複單元 ,其中第二聚醯胺具有重複單元 ,且 第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共聚物。舉例來說,可取適當莫耳比例的間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸與己二胺混合後,於氮氣下加熱至200℃以進行縮合反應約3小時。接著,將催化量的聚合觸媒如三丁基錫或其他合適觸媒加入上述反應,並於真空下加熱至約280℃以進行聚合反應,以形成無規共聚物(即第二聚醯胺)。接著,將第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺在氮氣環境下投入薄膜押出機,熔融混摻後從T型模頭擠出平整的片狀薄膜。在一實施例中,熔融混摻的溫度介於220℃~260℃之間,其取決於第一聚醯胺與第二聚醯胺的熔點。為使熔融混摻的步驟順利,第二聚醯胺的熔點與第一聚醯胺的熔點差異應小於50℃。接著將片狀薄膜貼附在冷卻滾輪,之後由牽引輪收卷以形成片材。在一實施例中,冷卻滾輪的溫度介於20℃至45℃之間。若冷卻滾輪的溫度過高,則片狀薄膜容易沾黏在滾輪上。若冷卻滾輪的溫度過低,則片狀薄膜收縮過度而產生卷曲等問題。接著以KARO IV雙軸延伸機預熱片材,並以20mm/sec至100mm/秒的速度沿機械移動方向(MD)與橫向(TD)同時進行雙軸拉伸,且MD及TD的拉伸倍率均為2.5至3.5倍之間(比如3倍)。預熱片材的溫度約介於180℃至200℃之間,比如約190℃。若預熱片材的溫度過高,則容易導致拉伸破孔。若預熱片材的溫度過低, 則容易導致拉伸破膜。在一實施例中,雙軸拉伸的速率介於20mm/sec至40mm/sec之間。若上述雙軸延伸的拉伸速率過高,則可能會降低薄膜的易撕性。若上述雙軸延伸的拉伸速率過低,則會增加製程的時間成本。在一些實施例中,高雙軸拉伸速率形成的薄膜不具易撕性,但低雙軸拉伸速率形成的薄膜具有易撕性。值得注意的是,若第二聚醯胺屬於非結晶性,即使降低拉伸速率也無法使薄膜具有易撕性。若雙軸拉伸的拉伸倍率過高,則無法順利成膜。若雙軸拉伸的拉伸倍率過低,則易撕效果不佳。之後將拉伸後的薄膜置入熱處理烘箱以熱定型薄膜。在一實施例中,上述熱處理的溫度介於200℃至220℃之間,比如約210℃。若熱處理的溫度過高,則無法順利成膜。若熱處理的溫度過低,則尺寸穩定性降低。
經上述製程形成的薄膜,除了具有易撕性外,還保有抗穿刺、耐磨損、適用溫度廣、真空耐高溫、無毒、不會釋出塑化劑、及阻氣率高等優點,適用於包裝食品。
為了讓本揭露之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉數實施例配合所附圖示,作詳細說明如下:
實施例
易撕性測試
如第1圖所示,在薄膜10上引入開口11,並由開口11撕開薄膜10,量測撕開處13(與開口11橫向地相隔10公分)與理想撕線15(自開口11橫向延伸,且垂直於薄膜10的邊緣)之間的垂直距離D。當理想撕線15與撕開處13的垂直距離D小於或等於 5mm,則此薄膜具有易撕性。上述測試方法參考International Polymer Processing XIX(2004 vol.2 p.147)所揭示的直線切割性的測試方法。
製備例1
取332g的間苯二甲酸(2mole)、332g的對苯二甲酸(2mole)、與464g的己二胺(4mole)混合後於氮氣下加熱至200℃以進行縮合反應3小時,並以Dean-Stark裝置除水。接著將0.33g的三丁基錫(300ppm,作為聚合觸媒)加入上述反應,並於真空下(200torr/30分鐘→500torr/30分鐘→回到760torr)加熱至280℃以進行聚合反應,以形成無規共聚物。上述無規共聚物的重 複單元 之間的莫耳比為5:5。上述無規共聚物的相對黏度為1.17(相對黏度的測試方法:以6/4體積比的酚/四氯乙烷當溶劑,配置成濃度0.3g/dL的樣品溶液,在25℃的恆溫環境下,通過奧士瓦黏度計的時間t。另外取6/4體積比的酚/四氯乙烷,在同樣條件下測試溶劑通過的時間為t0。t與t0兩者的比值(t/t0),即為相對黏度)。經由示差掃描熱分析(DSC)可知,上述無規共聚物的玻璃轉換溫度(Tg)為124℃,冷結晶溫度(Tcc)為175℃,且熔點(Tm)為270℃。
製備例2
取399g的間苯二甲酸(2.4mole)、265g的對苯二甲酸 (1.6mole)、與464g的己二胺(4mole)混合後於氮氣下加熱至200℃以進行縮合反應3小時,並以Dean-Stark裝置除水。接著將0.33g的三丁基錫(300ppm,作為聚合觸媒)加入上述反應,並於真空下(200torr/30分鐘→500torr/30分鐘→回到760torr)加熱至280℃以進行聚合反應,以形成無規共聚物。上述 無規共聚物的重複單元之間的莫耳比為6:4。上述無規共聚 物的相對黏度為1.27。經由示差掃描熱分析(DSC)可知,上述無規共聚物的玻璃轉換溫度(Tg)為126℃,冷結晶溫度(Tcc)為207℃,且熔點(Tm)為245℃。
製備例3
取466g的間苯二甲酸(2.8mole)、198g的對苯二甲酸(1.2mole)、與464g的己二胺(4mole)混合後於氮氣下加熱至200℃以進行縮合反應3小時,並以Dean-Stark裝置除水。接著將0.33g的三丁基錫(300ppm,作為聚合觸媒)加入上述反應,並於真空下(200torr/30分鐘→500torr/30分鐘→回到760torr)加熱至280℃以進行聚合反應,以形成無規共聚物。上述 無規共聚物的重複單元之間的莫耳比為7:3。上述無規共聚 物的相對黏度為1.26。經由示差掃描熱分析(DSC)可知,上述無規共聚物的玻璃轉換溫度(Tg)為117℃,但無冷結晶溫度與熔點,屬於非晶性共聚物。
比較例1
取市售之聚醯胺(力鵬企業股份有限公司,BR亮光級尼龍 粒),其具有重複單元。將聚醯胺塑料粒在氮 氣環境下投入薄膜押出機,以220℃~260℃熔融混摻,從T型模頭擠出平整的片狀薄膜,隨即貼附在30℃~35℃的冷卻滾輪,之後由牽引輪收卷以形成片材。接著以KARO IV雙軸延伸機在190℃下預熱片材,並以100mm/秒的速度沿機械移動方向(MD)與橫向(TD)同時進行雙軸拉伸,且MD及TD的拉伸倍率均為3.0倍。之後將拉伸後的薄膜置入210℃熱處理烘箱以熱定型薄膜。上述薄膜中聚醯胺的結晶度為27.3%,且相對黏度為3.0~3.3。上述薄膜厚度為15微米。對上述薄膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為12mm,因此不具易撕性。
比較例2
取75重量份之市售之聚醯胺(力鵬企業股份有限公司,BR亮光級尼龍粒),以及25重量份製備例1的無規共聚物在氮氣環境下投入薄膜押出機,以220℃~260℃熔融混摻,從T型模頭擠 出薄膜。由於製備例1的結晶性無規共聚物的熔點過高,因此其與市售聚醯胺的混摻物在製膜時易破裂而不易加工。
實施例1
取85重量份之市售之聚醯胺(力鵬企業股份有限公司,BR亮光級尼龍粒),以及15重量份製備例2的無規共聚物在氮氣環境下投入薄膜押出機,以220℃~260℃熔融混摻,從T型模頭擠出平整的片狀薄膜,隨即貼附在30℃~35℃的冷卻滾輪,之後由牽引輪收卷以形成片材。接著以KARO IV雙軸延伸機在190℃下預熱片材,並以100mm/秒的速度沿機械移動方向(MD)與橫向(TD)同時進行雙軸拉伸,且MD及TD的拉伸倍率均為3.0倍。之後將拉伸後的薄膜置入210℃熱處理烘箱以熱定型薄膜。上述薄膜中混摻物的結晶度為25.4%。上述薄膜厚度為15微米。對上述薄膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為10mm,因此不具易撕性。
重複上述步驟,差別在於雙軸拉伸的速率由100mm/秒下降至50mm/秒。對上述薄膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為6mm,因此仍不具易撕性。
重複上述步驟,差別在於雙軸拉伸的速率由100mm/秒下降至25mm/秒。對上述薄膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為3mm,因此具有易撕性。由上述可知,可調整雙軸拉伸的拉伸速率,使混摻有結晶性無規共聚物的薄膜具有易撕性。
實施例2
取75重量份之市售之聚醯胺(力鵬企業股份有限公司,BR 亮光級尼龍粒),以及25重量份製備例2的無規共聚物在氮氣環境下投入薄膜押出機,以220℃~260℃熔融混摻,從T型模頭擠出平整的片狀薄膜,隨即貼附在30℃~35℃的冷卻滾輪,之後由牽引輪收卷以形成片材。接著以KARO IV雙軸延伸機在190℃下預熱片材,並以100mm/秒的速度沿機械移動方向(MD)與橫向(TD)同時進行雙軸拉伸,且MD及TD的拉伸倍率均為3.0倍。之後將拉伸後的薄膜置入210℃熱處理烘箱以熱定型薄膜。上述薄膜中混摻物的結晶度為23.3%。上述薄膜厚度為15微米。對上述薄膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為4mm,因此具有易撕性。
將上述混摻物的薄膜壓合至線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE,70微米薄膜,大全彩藝公司)的薄膜上,以形成積層膜。對積層膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為2mm,因此仍具有易撕性。
此外,取比較例1所製備之薄膜壓合至線性低密度聚乙烯的薄膜上,以形成積層膜。對此積層膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為19mm,因此不具易撕性。
比較例3
取75重量份之市售之聚醯胺(力鵬企業股份有限公司,BR亮光級尼龍粒),以及25重量份製備例3的無規共聚物在氮氣環境下投入薄膜押出機,以220℃~260℃熔融混摻,從T型模頭擠出平整的片狀薄膜,隨即貼附在30℃~35℃的冷卻滾輪,之後由牽引輪收卷以形成片材。接著以KARO IV雙軸延伸機在190 ℃下預熱片材,並以100mm/秒的速度沿機械移動方向(MD)與橫向(TD)同時進行雙軸拉伸,且MD及TD的拉伸倍率均為3.0倍。之後將拉伸後的薄膜置入210℃熱處理烘箱以熱定型薄膜。上述薄膜中混摻物的結晶度為20.7%。上述薄膜厚度為15微米。對上述薄膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離為8mm,因此不具易撕性。由上述可知,非晶性的無規共聚物無法使混摻物的薄膜具有易撕性。
重複上述實驗,差別在於雙軸拉伸的速率由100mm/秒下降至25mm/秒。對上述薄膜進行易撕性測試,其理想撕線與撕開處之間的垂直距離仍大於5mm,因此不具易撕性。由上述可知,即使調整雙軸拉伸的拉伸速率,混摻有非晶性無規共聚物的薄膜仍不具易撕性。
雖然本揭露已以數個實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本揭露,任何本技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本揭露之精神和範圍內,當可作任意之更動與潤飾,因此本揭露之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。

Claims (8)

  1. 一種聚醯胺組成物,包括:一第一聚醯胺與一第二聚醯胺的混摻物,其中該第一聚醯胺具有重複單元(a)其中該第二聚醯胺具有重複單元(b1)與(b2),且該第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共聚物,其中該第一聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於2.5至4之間,且其中該第二聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於1.01至2.5之間。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之聚醯胺組成物,其中該第一聚醯胺與該第二聚醯胺的重量比介於90:10至70:30之間。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之聚醯胺組成物,其中該第一聚醯胺與該第二聚醯胺的重量比介於85:15至75:25之間。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之聚醯胺組成物,其中第二聚醯胺的重複單元(b1)與(b2)的莫耳比介於65:35至55:45之間。
  5. 一種薄膜,包括一聚醯胺組成物,且該聚醯胺組成物包括:一第一聚醯胺與一第二聚醯胺的混摻物,其中該第一聚醯胺具有重複單元(a)其中該第二聚醯胺具有重複單元(b1)與(b2),且該第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共聚物,其中該第一聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於2.5至4之間,且其中該第二聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於1.01至2.5之間。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之薄膜,係壓合至一聚合物膜、金屬箔、或上述之組合上以形成一積層膜。
  7. 一種薄膜的形成方法,包括:提供一聚醯胺組成物的片材;以及雙軸拉伸該聚醯胺組成物的片材,以形成一薄膜,其中該聚醯胺組成物包括:一第一聚醯胺與一第二聚醯胺的混摻物,其中該第一聚醯胺具有重複單元(a)其中該第二聚醯胺具有重複單元(b1)與(b2),且該第二聚醯胺為結晶性的無規共聚物;其中雙軸拉伸該聚醯胺組成物的片材的速率介於20mm/sec至100mm/sec之間,其中該第一聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於2.5至4之間,且其中該第二聚醯胺在25℃的相對黏度介於1.01至2.5之間。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之薄膜的形成方法,其中雙軸拉伸該聚醯胺組成物的片材的速率介於20mm/sec至40mm/sec之間。
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CN201910067454.3A CN110387122B (zh) 2018-04-18 2019-01-24 聚酰胺组合物及薄膜与其形成方法
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