TWI608928B - 3d列印人工皮膚之方法 - Google Patents

3d列印人工皮膚之方法 Download PDF

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TWI608928B
TWI608928B TW105133251A TW105133251A TWI608928B TW I608928 B TWI608928 B TW I608928B TW 105133251 A TW105133251 A TW 105133251A TW 105133251 A TW105133251 A TW 105133251A TW I608928 B TWI608928 B TW I608928B
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artificial skin
printing
skin
layer
autologous
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歐耿良
游志華
詹育豪
鄭為仁
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三鼎生物科技股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201611123011.4A priority patent/CN107952117B/zh
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Description

3D列印人工皮膚之方法
本發明係關於一種製備人工皮膚之方法,並且特別地,關於一種3D列印具有汗腺與毛囊之人工皮膚之方法。
皮膚是人體最大的組織結構,不僅具有調節體溫及防止人體內的水分散失之功能,更是人體防禦外界病原和細菌感染之第一道防線。所以每當皮膚有大面積受損時,人體就有脫水及細菌感染引發死亡之的危險。
傳統處理無法自然癒合之皮膚受損方式有以下幾種方法:從病人身上其他部位切取一部分之皮膚放在傷口上;或從其他人或哺乳類動物(如:豬)的身上取得皮膚放在傷口上。前者無法取得大量之皮膚,否則易造成身體其他部位引發細菌感染;而後者雖然可以大量生產,但卻容易產生排斥反應,從而導致死亡。為了解決以上問題,進而發展出人工皮膚之技術。
習知技術中,可由一哺乳類動物之身上取下一含有表皮層與真皮層之動物皮膚予以凍存,而後以去細胞技術移除表皮層以得一不含上皮巢的哺乳動物真皮。將此真皮冷凍乾燥後以一壓平元件將真皮壓平以得該人工皮膚。
而在另一習知技術中,可利用混合之高分子材料(如:水凝膠)定型而得一具有表皮層功能及真皮層功能之人工皮膚。
然而,不論是以哺乳動物取得之人工皮膚,或是以高分子材料定形之人工皮膚,皆無法獲得皮膚原有之汗腺與毛囊,使得該人工皮膚喪失排汗與毛囊保護之功能。
由此可見,上述習知技術仍有諸多缺失,實非一良善之設計,而亟待加以改良。有鑑於此,本發明將提出一種具有汗腺與毛囊之3D列印人工皮膚之方法。
本發明之一範疇在於提供一種3D列印人工皮膚之方法。根據本發明之一具體實施例,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其包含下列步驟:S1:混合自體真皮細胞與水膠材並列印真皮層,S2:混合自體角質細胞與水膠材並於真皮層上列印表皮層,S3:將汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞經由表皮層植入列印至真皮層以產生人工皮膚。
其中,所述之自體真皮細胞、自體角質細胞及汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞得利用自體皮膚分離之方式取得。
另外,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法另包含下列步驟:S4:培養該人工皮膚。其中,步驟S4得利用一3D培養生物反應器(bio-reactor)進行人工皮膚培養,藉以加速人工皮膚結構成型及汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞之生長。
於實際應用中,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法所述之步驟S1~S4得利用一3D列印機完成,且3D列印機得通入一壓力大於外界氣 壓之氣體。
藉由此3D列印機即可完成步驟S1~S4可使該人工皮膚於製作階段不被外界器皿所汙染,並可藉由3D列印機之正壓環境,保護製作環境不被外界病菌汙染,進而達到人工皮膚之無菌環境,使人工皮膚於使用前不會被病菌感染。
相較於習知技術,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法藉由自體皮膚分離出所需之細胞列印出真皮層與表皮層,再利用自體皮膚分離之汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞植入所列印之真皮層以得人工皮膚。因使用材料為自體皮膚分離而得,並結合3D列印技術植入汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞得一具有汗腺及毛囊之人工皮膚,促使本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法所得之人工皮膚為一可大量製造之可客製化調整汗腺及毛囊疏密程度、無菌且生物相容性高之全功能性之皮膚結構。
關於本發明之優點與精神可以藉由以下的發明詳述以及所附圖式得到進一步的了解。
S1~S4‧‧‧步驟
12‧‧‧3D列印機
14‧‧‧真皮層
16‧‧‧表皮層
21‧‧‧自體真皮細胞與水膠材
22‧‧‧自體角質細胞與水膠材
23‧‧‧汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞
121、122‧‧‧列印頭
圖一係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之步驟流程圖。
圖二係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之真皮層示意圖。
圖三係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之表皮層及真皮層示意圖。
圖四係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體 實施例之含有汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞之人工皮膚示意圖。
圖五係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之培養後人工皮膚示意圖。
為使本發明之目的、技術方案及優點更加清楚明白,以下參照附圖並舉實施例,對本發明作進一步詳細說明。
請參閱圖一,圖一係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之步驟流程圖。在本發明之一實施例中,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其包含下列步驟:S1:混合自體真皮細胞與水膠材21並列印真皮層14,S2:混合自體角質細胞與水膠材22並於真皮層14上列印表皮層16,S3:將汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23經由表皮層16植入列印至真皮層14以產生人工皮膚。
其中,所述之自體真皮細胞、自體角質細胞及汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23得利用自體皮膚分離之方式取得。
於實際應用中,所分離出之自體真皮細胞、自體角質細胞及汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23可再經一培養程序使細胞增生。
於實際應用中,水膠材得為甲殼素(Chitosan)、凝膠(Gelatin)、海藻膠(Alginate)、纖維蛋白原(Fibrinogen)、玻尿酸(Hyaluronic acid)、膠原蛋白(Collagen)或甘油(Glycerol)。
請參閱圖二,圖二係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之真皮層14示意圖。步驟S1以3D列印機12之一列印頭121列印自體真皮細胞與水膠材21成所需之真皮層14。其中所列印之 真皮層14厚度T1得為0.3~3毫米。
請參閱圖三,圖三係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之表皮層16及真皮層14示意圖。步驟S2於真皮層14上藉由3D列印機12之列印頭121列印自體角質細胞與水膠材22成所需表皮層16。其中所列印之表皮層16厚度T2得為0.03~0.3毫米。
請參閱圖四,圖四係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之含有汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23之人工皮膚示意圖。步驟S3得利用一3D列印機12之另一列印頭122在一植入間距P下穿刺表皮層16以進入真皮層14,並達一植入深度D後植入列印該等汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23。
其中,所述之植入最小間距P得為0.01~0.1毫米。
再者,所述之植入深度D得為0.2~2毫米。
於實際應用中,3D列印機12可藉由精準定位控制固定之間距P以得一整齊汗腺或毛囊,或利用不同間距P以得到不同疏密程度之汗腺與毛囊,進而可客製化不同疏密程度及深度之含有汗腺與毛囊之人工皮膚。
其中,步驟S3所使用之溫度可為37℃,壓力可為0.1~0.2bar,所使用的管徑可為100~500微米(μm),而閥門開啟的時間可為100~700微秒(μs)。此外,若所植入的汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23屬成功性植入,當注入毛囊乳突細胞後,將會有汗腺之生成。
實際應用中,植入所需之汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23可包含下列前處理方式:細胞活性的檢測、細胞的鑑定、細胞的培養及細胞 的放大。
請參閱圖五,圖五係繪示本發明之3D列印人工皮膚之方法之一具體實施例之培養後人工皮膚示意圖。另外,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法另包含下列步驟:S4:培養該人工皮膚。
其中,步驟S4得利用一3D培養生物反應器(bio-reactor)進行人工皮膚培養,藉以加速人工皮膚結構成型及汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23之生長。
於實際應用中,將人工皮膚置於3D培養生物反應器之培養皿內,注入適量的培養液與培養氣氛(如:二氧化碳),保持適當的溫度及壓力,並以離心方式旋轉該培養皿,此時的轉速可達5RPM~30RPM,以促進細胞成長。
此外,在培養期間,可定期更換培養液,並一併更換氣氛及濃度調整。培養數日後,即可觀察到明顯毛髮生成,此時,該培養之人工皮膚已具有排汗及毛髮保護之功能。
於實際應用中,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法所述之步驟S1~S4得利用一3D列印機12完成,且3D列印機12得通入一壓力大於外界氣壓之氣體。
藉由此3D列印機12即可完成步驟S1~S4可使該人工皮膚於製作階段不被外界器皿所汙染,並可藉由3D列印機12之正壓環境,保護製作環境不被外界病菌汙染,進而達到人工皮膚之無菌環境,使人工皮膚於使用前不會被病菌感染。
更進一步地,3D列印機12可通入一利於人工皮膚成型或汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞23成長之氣氛,以提升人工皮膚之良率。
利用本發明製備之人工皮膚,因可根據皮膚外型大量客制化生產,對於需植皮治療之三度燒傷之患者,可有效解決原需移植自體健康皮膚之二度受損之問題,或以外來之人工皮膚之生物相容性問題,並且因本發明製備之人工皮膚已具備汗腺與毛囊,將可促使傷口復原速度加快並恢復原有皮膚之功能。
相較於習知技術,本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法藉由自體皮膚分離出所需之細胞列印出真皮層與表皮層,再利用自體皮膚分離之汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞植入所列印之真皮層以得人工皮膚。因使用材料為自體皮膚分離而得,並結合3D列印技術植入汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞得一具有汗腺及毛囊之人工皮膚,促使本發明3D列印人工皮膚之方法所得之人工皮膚為一可大量製造之可客製化調整汗腺及毛囊疏密程度、無菌且生物相容性高之全功能性之皮膚結構。
藉由以上較佳具體實施例之詳述,係希望能更加清楚描述本發明之特徵與精神,而並非以上述所揭露的較佳具體實施例來對本發明之範疇加以限制。相反地,其目的是希望能涵蓋各種改變及具相等性的安排於本發明所欲申請之專利範圍的範疇內。
S1~S4‧‧‧步驟

Claims (10)

  1. 一種3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其包含下列步驟:S1:混合一自體真皮細胞與一水膠材並列印一真皮層;S2:混合一自體角質細胞與該水膠材並於該真皮層上列印一表皮層;以及S3:將複數個汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞經由該表皮層植入列印至該真皮層以產生一人工皮膚。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中該自體真皮細胞、該自體角質細胞及該等汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞得利用一自體皮膚分離之方式取得。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中該水膠材得為甲殼素(Chitosan)、凝膠(Gelatin)、海藻膠(Alginate)、纖維蛋白原(Fibrinogen)、玻尿酸(Hyaluronic acid)、膠原蛋白(Collagen)或甘油(Glycerol)。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中步驟S3得利用一3D列印機之一列印針頭在一植入間距下穿刺該表皮層以進入該真皮層,並達一植入深度後植入列印該等汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中該植入深度得為0.2~2毫米。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中該植入間距得為0.01~0.1毫米。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中該真皮層厚度得為0.3~3毫米。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中該表皮層厚度得為0.03~0.3毫米。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,另包含下列 步驟:S4:培養該人工皮膚;其中步驟S4得利用一3D培養生物反應器進行該人工皮膚培養,藉以加速該人工皮膚結構成型及該等汗腺與毛囊前驅細胞之生長。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之3D列印人工皮膚之方法,其中步驟S1~S4得利用一3D列印機完成,且該3D列印機得通入一壓力大於外界氣壓之氣體。
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