TWI604126B - 以氣渦輪機的廢氣來冷卻此氣渦輪機的系統與方法 - Google Patents

以氣渦輪機的廢氣來冷卻此氣渦輪機的系統與方法 Download PDF

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TWI604126B
TWI604126B TW102114406A TW102114406A TWI604126B TW I604126 B TWI604126 B TW I604126B TW 102114406 A TW102114406 A TW 102114406A TW 102114406 A TW102114406 A TW 102114406A TW I604126 B TWI604126 B TW I604126B
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exhaust gas
turbine
exhaust
gas
compressor
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TW102114406A
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TW201408865A (zh
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山德拉 科維克
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艾克頌美孚上游研究公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Description

以氣渦輪機的廢氣來冷卻此氣渦輪機的系統與方法
本發明關於以氣渦輪機的廢氣來冷卻此氣渦輪機的系統及方法。
現代氣渦輪機通常在極高溫下操作。此外，氣渦輪機的各種組件(諸如轉子支座軸承)因摩擦力及/或置於該氣渦輪機之負載而產生高溫。因此，高熱應力可能顯著限制氣渦輪機的機械壽命。因此，必須對該氣渦輪機提供冷卻介質以防止過熱及各種組件過早故障。冷卻及/或密封氣渦輪機之當前方法包括使工作流體(諸如壓縮空氣及/或蒸汽)流至該氣渦輪機之各種組件。雖然當前方法通常有效，但對於氮氧化物(Nitrous Oxides，下文稱為NOx)、二氧化碳(下文稱為「CO2」)、一氧化碳(下文稱為CO)及硫氧化物(下文稱為SOx)排放對於環境之長期影響疑慮日增。可由氣渦輪機排放之NOx及SOx容許水準係受到嚴格監管。因此，氣渦輪機之操作員 需要有效冷卻氣渦輪機同時減少所排放之NOx及SOx水準的方法。
廢氣再循環(EGR)通常涉及在燃燒之前將一部分排放之廢氣再循環通過氣渦輪機之入口部分，該廢氣於該處與工作流體(諸如空氣)混合。此程序促進所排放之NOx、SOx及濃縮CO2的移除及鉗合(sequestration)，從而減少淨排放水準。然而，該廢氣內之雜質及/或濕氣妨礙使用簡單再循環迴路來減少CO2、SOx及NOx。結果，將廢氣直接引入氣渦輪機以供燃燒及/或用作冷卻介質導致渦輪機結垢、腐蝕及氣渦輪機內部組件之加速磨耗。因此，所挪用之廢氣在攝入氣渦輪機之前應經處理。此外，大量可濃縮蒸氣存在該廢氣流中。該等蒸氣通常含有各式各樣成分，諸如水蒸氣、酸類、醛類、烴類、硫及氯化合物。放任不處理該等成分，當使彼等經由氣渦輪機之一或多個冷卻迴路進入該氣渦輪機時，將加速內部組件之腐蝕及結垢。
基於前述理由，需要一種處理經再循環之廢氣流以最小化該廢氣流內之有害成分的影響，及將該經處理之經再循環廢氣流流到該氣渦輪機的至少一部分以供冷卻及/或密封之系統。
本發明之各方面及優點係如以下說明所示，或從該說明可明顯看出，或可經由實踐本發明而習得。
本發明一具體實例係以氣渦輪機的廢氣來冷卻此氣渦輪機的系統。該系統，大體而言，包括含有廢氣洗氣器之廢氣再循環系統。該廢氣再循環系統係配置在該氣渦輪機下游且可接收至少一部分該氣渦輪機的廢氣。該系統亦可包括位在該廢氣再循環系統下游之濕氣分離器，及經構造以連接一或多個冷卻迴路入口的冷卻迴路。該一或多個冷卻迴路入口可提供該冷卻迴路與該氣渦輪機之間的流體連通。
本發明其他具體實例為氣渦輪機。該氣渦輪機，大體而言，包括壓縮機及在該壓縮機下游之燃燒部分。渦輪機可位於該燃燒部分下游，於該處，該渦輪機可將廢氣流提供至位於該渦輪機下游的廢氣再循環系統。該廢氣再循環系統可接收至少一部分來自該渦輪機的廢氣流。濕氣分離器可位在該廢氣再循環系統下游。該氣渦輪機可另外包括在該濕氣分離器下游之冷卻迴路，及一或多個在該冷卻迴路下游之冷卻迴路入口，其中該一或多個冷卻迴路入口可提供該冷卻迴路與該氣渦輪機之至少一部分之間的流體連通。
本發明亦可包括用於以自氣渦輪機流出之廢氣流冷卻該氣渦輪機的方法。該方法可包括將該廢氣流流入廢氣再循環系統，處理流經該廢氣再循環系統之廢氣流，使來自該廢氣再循環系統的廢氣流流經濕氣分離器，使來自該濕氣分離器之廢氣流流入冷卻迴路，及使來自該冷卻迴路之廢氣流流入該氣渦輪機之至少一個冷卻迴路入 口。
原已熟悉本技術之人士在審視本說明書之後將更認可此等具體實例之特徵及方面以及其他。
10‧‧‧氣渦輪機
12/120‧‧‧壓縮機
14‧‧‧入口
16‧‧‧壓縮機軸
18‧‧‧壓縮機軸承裝配件
20/44/60‧‧‧內殼
22/46/62/70‧‧‧流體迴路
24‧‧‧工作流體
26‧‧‧燃燒系統
28‧‧‧燃料
30‧‧‧可燃燒混合物
32‧‧‧高能燃燒氣體
34‧‧‧渦輪機
36‧‧‧渦輪機外殼
38‧‧‧轉子軸
40‧‧‧轉子盤
42‧‧‧中跨距軸承裝配件
48‧‧‧渦輪機葉片
50‧‧‧渦輪機葉片之級
52‧‧‧固定葉之級
54‧‧‧固定葉
56‧‧‧流體通道
58‧‧‧轉子軸承裝配件
64‧‧‧廢氣流
66‧‧‧排氣管
68‧‧‧廢氣框架
72‧‧‧再循環廢氣流
100‧‧‧系統
102‧‧‧廢氣再循環系統
104‧‧‧濕氣分離器
106‧‧‧冷卻迴路
108‧‧‧流量調控裝置
110‧‧‧洗氣器
210‧‧‧下游熱交換器
220‧‧‧上游熱交換器
230‧‧‧注入器
240‧‧‧濕靜電集塵器
112‧‧‧流體導管
114‧‧‧冷卻迴路入口
116‧‧‧流量分布頭
118‧‧‧出口
本發明之完整且授權揭示(包括對熟悉本技術之人士而言的最佳實施方式)更明確描述於說明書之其餘部分，包括參考附圖；該等圖式中：圖1係根據本發明至少一具體實例之氣渦輪機及用於冷卻氣渦輪機之系統的示意圖；及圖2係如圖1所示之根據本發明至少一具體實例的系統之一部分的示意圖。
茲詳細參考本發明之具體實例；在附圖中圖示說明其一或多個實例。該詳細說明使用數字及字母名稱指稱圖式中之特徵。圖式及說明中之相同或類似名稱係用以指稱本發明之相同或類似部件。
各實例係以解釋本發明之方式提供，而非本發明之限制。事實上，對於熟悉本技術之人士而言很明顯的是，在不違背本發明之範圍與精神的情況下，可對本發明進行修改及變化。例如，所列舉說明或描述作為某一具體實例一部分的特徵可用於其他具體實例以產生其他之具體實例。如此，希望本發明涵括在附錄申請專利範圍及其 等效物之範圍內的修改及變化。
本文中僅為了讀者方便而使用特定術語，且不應將其視為本發明之範圍的限制。例如，「上」、「下」、「左」、「右」、「前」、「後」、「頂」、「底」、「水平」、「垂直」、「上游」、「下游」、「前部」、「後部」等字僅描述圖式中所示之構造。此外，「上游」及「下游」等用辭係指組件於流體路徑中之相對位置。例如，若流體從組件A流至組件B，則組件A係在組件B上游。反之，若組件B接收來自組件A之流體流，則組件B係在組件A之下游。
本發明之具體實例的一或多個元件確實可定向為任何方向，因此，除非另外指明，否則該術語應理解為包括此等變化。
本發明具有減少可能在氣渦輪機之廢氣一部分內的NOx、SOx、濃縮CO2、含水量及其他有害成分水準，及利用廢氣流作為待供應回該氣渦輪機之冷卻介質的技術效果。因此，該氣渦輪機大致而言可實質上在排放規範內操作而不會大幅影響該氣渦輪機的可靠度及/或可用性。
本發明之各種具體實例包括用於以再循環之渦輪機廢氣流冷卻氣渦輪機的系統及方法。該再循環之廢氣流可用於冷卻及/或密封該渦輪機的各種不同部分。該系統通常包括廢氣再循環系統，其係經構造以接收至少一部分由該渦輪機所提供之廢氣流；在該廢氣再循環系統下 游之濕氣分離器，及一或多個在該濕氣分離器下游之冷卻迴路。該一或多個冷卻迴路可經構造以連接至該氣渦輪機的一或多個冷卻迴路入口接頭。在特定具體實例中，該等一或多個冷卻迴路入口可提供該系統與一或多個軸承裝配件之間、至廢氣框架、至該渦輪機、至軸承道或其任何組合的流體連通。冷卻迴路可提供冷卻流體及/或密封流體。
在操作中，渦輪機產生燃燒副產物之廢氣流，其中至少一部分該廢氣流係由該廢氣再循環系統接收。該部分廢氣流於本文中稱為「再循環廢氣流」。該再循環廢氣流可於其流經該廢氣再循環系統時經處理。例如(但不局限)，該再循環廢氣流可經冷卻及/或洗除CO、CO2、SOx或可能腐蝕該氣渦輪機的其他污染物。經處理之再循環廢氣流然後可流向下游至濕氣分離器，於該處可從該經處理之再循環廢氣流移除從該廢氣再循環系統攜出的廢氣。在特定具體實例中，再循環廢氣流可從該濕氣分離器流向下游並流入壓縮機，可於該處將該再循環廢氣流的壓力提高。該經處理之再循環廢氣流然後可流入一或多個冷卻迴路，於該處可將其經由該一或多個冷卻迴路入口再引入該氣渦輪機。本發明可應用各式各樣產生氣態流體之渦輪機器，諸如但不局限於重型氣渦輪機；航空衍生氣渦輪機(aero-derivative gas turbine)等(下文稱為「氣渦輪機」)。本發明之具體實例可應用於單一氣渦輪機或複數個氣渦輪機。本發明具體實例可應用於以單循環或複 循環構造操作之氣渦輪機。
圖1示意圖示根據本發明至少一具體實例之用於以再循環之渦輪機廢氣流冷卻氣渦輪機10的系統。如圖所示，氣渦輪機10通常包括壓縮機12，該壓縮機12的上游端具有入口14。壓縮機軸16徑向延伸通過該壓縮機12的至少一部分。壓縮機軸承裝配件18可至少部分支撐該壓縮機軸16的至少一部分。壓縮機軸承裝配件18(在該產業中亦已知為「N1軸承裝配件」或「前向軸承裝配件」)通常包括一或多個設計來支撐壓縮機軸16的重量，配合壓縮機軸16的熱生長及/或收縮，及容許該氣渦輪機10操作期間該壓縮機軸16的高旋轉速度。例如(但不局限於)，壓縮機軸承裝配件18可包括軸頸軸承、加載止推軸承、無載止推軸承或其任何組合。壓縮機軸承裝配件18可包括至少部分密封以容納減少該壓縮機軸承裝配件18內之摩擦及熱的加壓油之內殼20。壓縮機軸承裝配件18亦可包括一或多個至少部分環繞該內殼20並為冷卻及/或密封介質(諸如但不局限於再循環之廢氣)提供流動路徑以至少部分流經該壓縮機軸承裝配件18之流體迴路22。熟悉本技術之人士應已知氣渦輪機10可包括多重軸承裝配件，其可如上文關於壓縮機軸承裝配件18之描述般構造。在氣渦輪機10操作當中，工作流體24(諸如但不局限於空氣)流入壓縮機入口14，經由壓縮機12壓縮，然後排出至燃燒系統26。燃料28(諸如但不局限於天然氣)係與至少一部分該經壓縮之工作流體 24混合以形成可燃燒混合物30。在該燃燒系統26內點燃並燃燒該可燃燒混合30，以提供流入渦輪機34之高能燃燒氣體32。
渦輪機34可至少部分被渦輪機外殼36環繞。轉子軸38可至少部分延伸通過渦輪機34，且可支撐一或多個從該轉子軸38大致徑向向外延伸之轉子盤(rotor disk)40。在特定具體實例中，轉子軸38及壓縮機軸16可藉由中跨距軸承裝配件42至少部分耦合。該中跨距軸承裝配件42通常包括一或多個設計用以支撐壓縮機軸16及/或轉子軸38之重量、用以配合壓縮機軸16及/或轉子軸38的熱生長及/或收縮，及容許該氣渦輪機10操作期間該壓縮機軸16及/或轉子軸38的高旋轉速度之軸承。例如(但不局限於)，中跨距軸承裝配件42可包括軸頸軸承、加載止推軸承、無載止推軸承或其任何組合。在特別氣渦輪機10構造中，單軸(未圖示)可延伸通過該氣渦輪機10，從而置換該壓縮機軸16及轉子軸38。在此情況下，中跨距軸承裝配件42可在通常為壓縮機12下游之點對該單軸提供支撐。中跨距軸承裝配件42可包括至少部分密封以容納減少該中跨距軸承裝配件42內之摩擦及熱的加壓油之內殼44。中跨距軸承裝配件42亦可包括一或多個至少部分環繞該內殼44並為冷卻及/或密封介質(諸如但不局限於再循環廢氣)提供流動路徑以至少部分流經該中跨距軸承裝配件42之流體迴路46。
一或多個轉子盤40各可支撐複數個繞該轉子 盤40周圍附接之渦輪機葉片48。各轉子盤40及對應之複數個渦輪機葉片48可形成渦輪機葉片48之級50。此外，渦輪機34可包括一或多個固定葉54之級52，彼等與一或多個渦輪機葉片48之級50交替。渦輪機34亦可包括一或多個在轉子盤40之間形成，通過固定葉54、通過渦輪機葉片48或其任何組合之流體通道56。轉子軸承裝配件58可對轉子軸38之後端提供支撐。轉子軸承裝配件58(在該產業中亦已知為「N2軸承裝配件」或「後軸承裝配件」)通常包括一或多個設計來支撐轉子軸38的重量，配合轉子軸38的熱生長及/或收縮，及容許該氣渦輪機10操作期間該轉子軸38的高旋轉速度。例如(但不局限於)，轉子軸承裝配件58可包括軸頸軸承、加載止推軸承、無載止推軸承或其任何組合。轉子軸承裝配件58可包括至少部分密封以容納加壓油之內殼60。該加壓油可減少該轉子軸承裝配件58內之摩擦及熱。轉子軸承裝配件58亦可包括一或多個至少部分環繞該內殼60並為冷卻及/或密封介質(諸如但不局限於再循環之廢氣)提供流動路徑以至少部分流經該轉子軸承裝配件58之流體迴路62。
在渦輪機34中，一部分熱氣的能量被提供至該一或多個葉片級50以使轉子軸38轉動，因而將來自該等熱氣之能量轉化成機械功。至少一部分該產生之機械功係用以將壓縮機12驅動通過壓縮機軸16，而其餘部分可用於驅動負載，諸如發電機(未圖示)。當熱氣排出渦輪 機34時，廢氣流64向下游流至至少部分由廢氣框架68支撐及/或由廢氣框架68形成之排氣管66。結果，該等熱氣可加熱該排氣管66。因此，一或多個流體迴路70可至少部分延伸通過廢氣框架68而為冷卻及/或密封介質(諸如但不局限於再循環之廢氣)提供流動路徑以至少部分流經該廢氣框架68。當廢氣流64排出排氣管66時，至少一部分該廢氣流64(本文中稱為「再循環廢氣流72」)可挪用至用於冷卻氣渦輪機之系統(本文中稱為「系統100」)。
系統100，大體而言，包括一般在渦輪機34下游之廢氣再循環系統102、在廢氣再循環系統102下游之濕氣分離器104，及一或多個在濕氣分離器104下游之冷卻迴路106。如圖1所示，廢氣再循環系統102可包含至少一個流量調控裝置108及至少一個洗氣器110。該至少一個流量調控裝置108可在非再循環之廢氣流74與再循環廢氣流72之間分配全部廢氣流64。該至少一個流量調控裝置108可為任何尺寸，且可由能承受諸如但不局限於約10000Lb/hr至約50000000Lb/hr之流率及約100℉至約1500℉之溫度等物理性質的任何材料製造。再循環廢氣流72可向該至少一個流量調控裝置108下游流至該至少一個洗氣器110之入口部分。
洗氣器系統(下文稱為「洗氣器110」)通常被視為可移除微粒及/或來自工業廢氣流之其他排放的空氣污染控制裝置。洗氣器可使用「洗氣程序」等，其通常 牽涉用以將來自氣體流之不想要污染物「洗掉」的液體或乾物質。在本發明特定具體實例中，至少一個洗氣器110可在接收再循環廢氣流72之後進行各種功能。例如(但不局限於)，該至少一個洗氣器110可將再循環廢氣流72之溫度降至約60℉至約200℉之範圍。該至少一個洗氣器110亦可移除至少一部分該再循環廢氣流72中的複數種成分(未圖示)，從第一水準移除至第二水準。該等成分可包括例如(但不局限於)，水蒸氣、酸類、醛類、烴類或其組合。在其他具體實例中，洗氣器可配置在流量調控裝置108上游。以此種方式，從渦輪機排氣管66流出之全部廢氣流64可流入洗氣器110，然後流入視需要將其做分配之流量調控裝置108。
雖然一般基本廢氣再循環系統102係描述並圖示於圖1，但熟悉本技術之人士應明暸廢氣再循環系統102可具有各式各樣為任何順序之組件，該等組件可在再循環廢氣流72流入濕氣分離器104之前冷卻及/或處理該再循環廢氣流72。例如(但不局限於)，如圖2所示，上述廢氣再循環系統102可進一步包括依任何順序之以下組件的任一者或任何組合：至少一個位於該至少一個洗氣器110下游且在該濕氣分離器104上游的下游熱交換器210、至少一個位於該至少一個洗氣器110上游之上游熱交換器220、至少一個注入器230，及/或至少一個濕靜電集塵器240。附加地或替代地，廢氣再循環系統102亦可包括接收至少一部分該再循環廢氣流72及/或非再循環廢 氣流74以產生蒸汽的熱回收系統(未圖示)。
在特定具體實例中，如圖1所示，在洗氣程序之後，該再循環廢氣流72可向下游流至濕氣分離器104。濕氣分離器104可包括本技術中用於從流體流移除至少一部分液滴、濕氣及/或濕度的已知之任何類型裝置。例如(但不局限於)，濕氣分離器104可為板型、單級、多級、蜂巢漂移型(cellular drift type)、聚結器、除霧器、乾燥劑、三乙二醇或其任何組合。濕氣分離器104可藉由從再循環廢氣流72移除可能從洗氣系統帶來之液滴(諸如水、油或其他形式的濕氣)而至少部分乾燥該再循環廢氣流72。
在再循環廢氣流72係在濕氣分離器104中至少部分乾燥之後，然後再循環廢氣流72可向下游流至一或多個冷卻迴路106。該一或多個冷卻迴路106通常可包括一或多個流體導管112。該一或多個流體導管112可建構成連接至氣渦輪機10的一或多個位在該氣渦輪機10之不同位置的冷卻迴路入口114。例如(但不局限於)，該一或多個流體導管112可包括一或多個與該一或多個冷卻迴路入口114之一或多個流體接頭或流體配件互補的流體接頭(未圖示)或流體配件(未圖示)。附加地或替代地，該一或多個流體導管112可以本技術中已知的任何方式螺栓固定、熔接、螺絲固定或連接至冷卻迴路入口114，以使流體源與流體接收器(諸如但不局限於該一或多個冷卻迴路112及該一或多個冷卻迴路入口114)之間 流體連接。
在特定具體實例中，該一或多個冷卻迴路106可包括與濕氣分離器104流體連通之流量分布頭116。該流量分布頭116可包括一或多個出口118。一或多個流體導管112可連接至該一或多個出口118。流量分布頭116亦可包括一或多個閥(未圖示)及/或控制器(未圖示)，其係用於將再循環廢氣流72導向及/或轉向至該一或多個出口118或自該一或多個出口118導向及/或轉向。以此方式，於氣渦輪機10操作期間，系統100可使再循環廢氣流72流至該一或多個流體導管112中之一者或多者。結果，當連接至該一或多個冷卻迴路入口114時，該系統視需要可將再循環廢氣流72供應至單一冷卻迴路入口114或多個冷卻迴路入口114以獨立地或同時冷卻該氣渦輪機的各種不同部分。
附加地或替代地，該一或多個冷卻迴路106中之至少一者可包括在該濕氣分離器104上游及/或下游之一或多個壓縮機120。該一或多個壓縮機120可包括任何可壓縮再循環廢氣流72從而使該再循環廢氣流72之壓力升高的壓縮機。例如(但不局限於)，該一或多個壓縮機可包括軸向壓縮機、旋轉壓縮機或鼓風機。以此方式，再循環廢氣流72之壓力可升高以使該再循環廢氣流72流經系統100，並流入該一或多個冷卻迴路入口114。
在本發明特定具體實例中，氣渦輪機10之一或多個冷卻迴路入口114可提供與該氣渦輪機10之一或 多個組件及/或區域的流體連通。例如(但不局限於)，該一或多個冷卻迴路入口114可提供該一或多個冷卻迴路106與以下各者之組合組合之間的流體連通：壓縮機軸承裝配件18、中跨距軸承裝配件42、轉子軸承裝配件58、一或多個延伸通過渦輪機34之流體通道56或一或多個至少部分延伸通過廢氣框架68之流體通道70。附加地或替代地，再循環之廢氣可流入燃燒器以供額外冷卻。以此方式，再循環廢氣流可從渦輪機排氣管66流過系統100及流過冷卻迴路入口114中之一或多者，以對氣渦輪機10提供有效且較不具腐蝕性的冷卻及/或密封介質。
熟悉本技術之人士從本文教示容易認可關於圖1至2所示及描述的各種具體實例亦可提供以至少一部分從氣渦輪機10流出之廢氣流64冷卻該氣渦輪機10的方法。該方法可包括使廢氣流64流入廢氣再循環系統102並處理流經該廢氣再循環系統102之廢氣流72。例如(但不局限於)，「處理」可包括降低溫度及/或洗除廢氣流72之SOx及其他不想要的成分。該方法亦可包括使廢氣流72從廢氣再循環系統102流經可從該廢氣流72移除液滴濕氣分離器104。該方法另外包括使廢氣流72從濕氣分離器104流入冷卻迴路106，然後使該廢氣流72從該冷卻迴路106流入氣渦輪機10之一或多個冷卻迴路入口114中的至少一者。此外，該方法可另外包括使廢氣流72流經一或多個冷卻迴路入口114並流入一或多個軸承裝配件，諸如但不局限於壓縮機軸承裝配件18、中跨 距軸承裝配件42、轉子軸承裝配件58或其任何組合。該方法亦可包括使廢氣流72從濕氣分離器104流經在第一壓力下之冷卻迴路106壓縮機120，及使廢氣流72在高於該第一壓力的第二壓力下從該冷卻迴路106壓縮機120流入一或多個冷卻迴路入口114。
所描寫的說明使用實例揭示本發明，其包括最佳實施方式，且亦使任何熟悉本技術之人士能實施本發明，包括製造及使用任何裝置或系統並進行任何併入之方法。本發明之申請專利範圍係由主張權項所界定，且可包括熟悉本技術之人士聯想到的其他實例。若此等及其他實例包括與主張權項之文字語言無異的結構元件，或彼等包括與主張權項之文字語言無實質差界的等效結構元件，則希望此等及其他實例在主張權項之範圍內。
10‧‧‧氣渦輪機
12/120‧‧‧壓縮機
14‧‧‧入口
16‧‧‧壓縮機軸
18‧‧‧壓縮機軸承裝配件
20/44/60‧‧‧內殼
22/46/62/70‧‧‧流體迴路
24‧‧‧工作流體
26‧‧‧燃燒系統
28‧‧‧燃料
30‧‧‧可燃燒混合物
32‧‧‧高能燃燒氣體
34‧‧‧渦輪機
36‧‧‧渦輪機外殼
38‧‧‧轉子軸
40‧‧‧轉子盤
42‧‧‧中跨距軸承裝配件
48‧‧‧渦輪機葉片
50‧‧‧渦輪機葉片之級
52‧‧‧固定葉之級
54‧‧‧固定葉
56‧‧‧流體通道
58‧‧‧轉子軸承裝配件
64‧‧‧廢氣流
66‧‧‧排氣管
68‧‧‧廢氣框架
72‧‧‧再循環廢氣流
74‧‧‧非再循環廢氣流
100‧‧‧系統
102‧‧‧廢氣再循環系統
104‧‧‧濕氣分離器
106‧‧‧冷卻迴路
108‧‧‧流量調控裝置
110‧‧‧洗氣器
112‧‧‧流體導管
114‧‧‧冷卻迴路入口
116‧‧‧流量分布頭
118‧‧‧出口

Claims (20)

  1. 一種系統，包含：廢氣路徑，其經構造以接收至少一部分氣渦輪機的廢氣；廢氣洗氣器，其流體耦合至該廢氣路徑；濕氣分離器，其流體耦合至該廢氣路徑；及冷卻迴路，其流體耦合至於該廢氣洗氣器與該濕氣分離器下游之該廢氣路徑，其中，該冷卻迴路經構造以經由該氣渦輪機而流體耦合至複數個冷卻路徑，其中該複數個冷卻路徑經由該氣渦輪機而與工作流體路徑分隔，其中該冷卻迴路包含流量分布頭及流體耦合至該流量分布頭之壓縮機，其中該壓縮機與該流量分布頭分隔，且該流量分布頭經構造以經由該氣渦輪機而將該廢氣分布至該複數個冷卻路徑，以及其中該流量分布頭包含至少一個設定而能夠將該廢氣同時分布至該複數個冷卻路徑中的至少二個冷卻路徑。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統，其包含流體耦合至廢氣路徑之靜電集塵器，或注入器，或它們的組合。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統，其包含流體耦合至於該廢氣洗氣器上游之廢氣路徑之第一熱交換器，或流體耦合至於該廢氣洗氣器下游之廢氣路徑之第二熱交換器，或該第一熱交換器與該第二熱交換器的組合。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統，其中該複數個冷卻路徑通過固定葉、通過渦輪機葉片、或它們的任何組合 而置於轉子盤(rotor disk)之間。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統，其中該複數個冷卻路徑流體耦合至軸承裝配件。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之系統，其中該軸承裝配件包含壓縮機軸承裝配件、渦輪機軸承裝配件、或設置在該壓縮機與渦輪機軸承裝配件之間的中間軸承裝配件。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統，其中該複數個冷卻路徑經由廢氣框架(exhaust frame)而設置，且該廢氣框架設置於排氣管周邊。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統，其包含的該氣渦輪機具有主要壓縮機、燃燒器和渦輪機。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之系統，包含流體耦合至該廢氣路徑的廢氣再循環(EGR)系統。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統，其中該EGR系統經構造以再循環該廢氣的第一部分進入該氣渦輪機之該主要壓縮機的入口，該冷卻迴路經構造以將該廢氣的第二部分經由該氣渦輪機而引導進入該複數個冷卻路徑，並且該複數個冷卻路徑經由該氣渦輪機的該主要壓縮機、燃燒器和渦輪機而與該工作流體路徑分隔。
  11. 一種系統，包含：氣渦輪機，包含通過壓縮機、燃燒器和渦輪機的工作流體路徑，其中該氣渦輪機包含該工作流體路徑之外的二個或更多個冷卻路徑；廢氣處理系統，經構造以從燃燒產物的廢氣中除去一 種或多種污染物以產生處理過的廢氣，冷卻迴路，經構造以將該處理過的廢氣的至少第一部分引導至該二個或更多個冷卻路徑；流量分布頭，其耦合至該冷卻迴路和該二個或更多個冷卻路徑，其中該流量分布頭經構造以接收來自該冷卻迴路之該處理過的廢氣的該第一部分，其中該流量分布頭經構造以將該處理過的廢氣的該第一部分引導至該二個或更多個冷卻路徑，以及其中該流量分布頭包含至少第一設定，該第一設定經構造以能夠將該處理過的廢氣的該第一部分同時分布至該二個或更多個冷卻路徑中的至少二個冷卻路徑；及額外的壓縮機，其流體耦合至該流量分布頭，與該流量分布頭分隔，配置在該流量分布頭上游，且經構造在該額外的壓縮機中壓縮該廢氣之後，供應該廢氣到該流量分布頭。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之系統，其中該系經構造以將該處理過的廢氣的至少第二部分引導至該壓縮機的入口。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第11項之系統，其包含具有從該渦輪機至該壓縮機的廢氣流路徑的廢氣再循環(EGR)系統。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第11項之系統，其中該二個或更多個冷卻路徑通過固定葉、通過渦輪機葉片、或它們的任何組合而置於轉子盤(rotor disk)之間。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第11項之系統，其中該二個或更多個冷卻路徑經由廢氣框架(exhaust frame)而設置，且該廢氣框架設置於排氣管周邊。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第11項之系統，其中該廢氣處理系統包含洗氣器、濕氣分離器或它們的組合。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第11項之系統，其中該一種或多種污染物包含對氣渦輪機為腐蝕性的物質。
  18. 一種方法，包含：令一個或多個工作流體經由氣渦輪機之壓縮機、燃燒器和渦輪機而流過工作流體路徑；從該氣輪機輸出燃燒產物的廢氣；處理該廢氣以從該廢氣除去一種或多種污染物以產生處理過的廢氣；將該處理過的廢氣的至少第一部分經由該氣渦輪機而引導至該工作流體路徑之外的二個或更多個冷卻路徑；經由流量分布頭，在第一壓力下接收該處理過的廢氣的該第一部分以及在第二壓力下將該處理過的廢氣的該第一部分同時分配至該二個或更多個冷卻路徑，其中該第二壓力低於或等於該第一壓力；以及經由該二個或更多個冷卻路徑之該處理過的廢氣的該第一部分之流冷卻至少一個軸承裝配件、渦輪機葉(vane)、渦輪機葉片(blade)、轉子盤或廢氣框架。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第18項之方法，其包含將該處理過的廢氣的至少第二部分引導至該壓縮機的入口。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第18項之方法，其中該處理包含從該廢氣中除去濕氣和腐蝕性物質，以產生該處理過的廢氣。
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US9784185B2 (en) 2017-10-10
AR090864A1 (es) 2014-12-10
TW201408865A (zh) 2014-03-01

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