TWI596621B - 放射性銫之去除裝置 - Google Patents
放射性銫之去除裝置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI596621B TWI596621B TW102122535A TW102122535A TWI596621B TW I596621 B TWI596621 B TW I596621B TW 102122535 A TW102122535 A TW 102122535A TW 102122535 A TW102122535 A TW 102122535A TW I596621 B TWI596621 B TW I596621B
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- Prior art keywords
- radioactive cesium
- rotary kiln
- inorganic substance
- kiln
- inorganic
- Prior art date
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 75
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 68
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical class [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Mg-Al and Mg-Fe Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019089 Mg-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-OUBTZVSYSA-N cesium-134 Chemical compound [134Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N cesium-137 Chemical compound [137Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical class [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/32—Processing by incineration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
- C04B7/44—Burning; Melting
- C04B7/4407—Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes
- C04B7/4423—Waste or refuse used as fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
- Y02P40/125—Fuels from renewable energy sources, e.g. waste or biomass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
本發明係有關於一種放射性銫之去除裝置,其係從含有放射性銫之廢棄物,特別是下水處理汙泥及枝葉等有機廢棄物,將放射性銫去除的裝置。
關於從含有放射性銫等之放射性物質的有機廢棄物除去放射性物質汙染的手段及裝置,迄今已有各種提案。例如,在專利文獻1中揭示有,將以硝酸鹽形態存在之因核分裂產生的放射性廢棄物,在具有具備於外部繞轉之通電線圈之狹縫的冷卻容器內利用電磁感應加熱來溶解,使銫等半衰期長的核種揮發之分離/回收方法。
專利文獻1 日本專利特開平5-157897號公報
然而,因這次核能發電廠之事故在日本所產生
之待解決的課題,並非如上述專利文獻1所記載,在核能相關設施內因通常運轉所生成之廢棄物的除汙,而是排放至外界,被土壤、下水汙泥或震災廢木材等所攝入之放射性物質的除汙處理。尤其,因預測該種放射性廢棄物係達到龐大的量,故重要的不是單純的放射性汙染去除手段之提案,而是如何提供一種能將放射性物質大量且有效率地揮發除去並降低回收之成本的手段。
在此,本發明係有鑑於上述解決課題而完成者。其目的在於提供一種裝置,從含有放射性銫之廢棄物,以較低的能量,且確實地將放射性銫去除。
為了達成上述目的,本發明係一種放射性銫之去除裝置,其特徵在於,具備有機物供給手段,係自窯前供給經放射性銫汙染之有機物者;無機物供給手段,係從窯後供給經放射性銫汙染之無機物者;旋轉窯,係將前述有機物與前述無機物共同燒成者;與回收裝置,係在該旋轉窯中將已揮發之銫回收者。
接著,依據本發明,藉由從窯前供給經放射性銫汙染之有機物,可代替作為燃料之一部分之故,便能減低燃料成本。又,由於可在旋轉窯內之高溫下處理經放射性銫汙染之有機物及無機物,故可確實地將放射性銫揮發去除。
進一步,由於從窯前供給有機物並使其通過旋
轉窯的高溫部而使其燃燒之故,銫確實地氣化,藉氣流搬運至窯後而被除去。又,未燃碳或一氧化碳等的產生受到抑制,亦可分解從下水汙泥等所生成之臭氣成分;就結果而言,便可省略用於排氣處理之附加裝置。又,由於從窯後供給無機物之故,將有機物燃燒造成的顯熱有效地利用,可高效率地進行燒成。
在此,所謂經放射性銫汙染之有機物,係指下水汙泥、下水汙泥乾粉/碳化物、淨水汙泥、建設汙泥、修剪枝葉/除草乾燥物、震災廢木材、湖沼等的水域底質中草木等而言;而所謂經放射性銫汙染之無機物,係指下水熔渣、土壤、都市垃圾焚燒灰、各種汙泥焚燒灰、瓦礫、湖沼等的水域底質等而言。
在上述放射性銫之去除裝置中,在將前述經放射性銫汙染之有機物投入前述旋轉窯前,可進一步具備將該有機物乾燥粉碎之乾燥粉碎裝置。藉此,可將原熱損耗大而難以利用之下水汙泥等作為替代燃料來利用,且亦可確實地處理包含於該等中之放射性銫。
在上述放射性銫之去除裝置中,在將前述經放射性銫汙染之有機物投入前述旋轉窯前,可具備將該無機物改質之改質機,亦可進一步具備將之乾燥粉碎之乾燥粉碎機。藉由改質,可改善含水無機物附著於貯存槽或輸送機等之處理性的缺點,且使對配置於後段之乾燥機等的輸送變得容易。又,藉由使其乾燥,不再需要在旋轉窯內使無機物中的水分蒸發所要消耗之熱量,因此可使燃料的使
用量減低。又,伴隨之,從旋轉窯排出之排氣量減少之故,可使冷卻塔、旋風分離器、集塵機、脫硝塔等的排氣處理裝置緊密化,亦可降低設備成本。進一步,藉由粉碎,由於可將無機物之放射性銫濃度等的品質均一化之故,便可在旋轉窯將放射性銫安定且確實地處理。
在上述放射性銫之去除裝置中,前述回收裝置係可為冷卻塔與集塵機;該冷卻塔係冷卻前述旋轉窯之排氣者;該集塵機係回收該冷卻塔之排氣中的灰塵者。
在上述放射性銫之去除裝置中,在前述集塵機的前段具備將前述冷卻塔之排氣中的粗粉灰塵分離之分級機,且可將以該分級機所分離之粗粉灰塵送回前述旋轉窯。藉此,僅將含有較多放射性銫之微粉灰塵集塵,可較有效率地回收放射性銫。
在上述放射性銫之去除裝置中,在將前述經放射性銫汙染之有機物與前述經放射性銫汙染之無機物共同燒成時,可於前述旋轉窯中添加鈣源。藉此,提高被燒成物的鹼度,可抑制燒成過程中液相的產生,而能高效率地使放射性銫揮發。
在上述放射性銫之去除裝置中,可具備分級機,係用於將在前述旋轉窯中放射性銫經揮發去除後所生成之除汙生成物分級者;與不溶化材添加混和機,係用於進一步在此添加混和不溶化材者。藉此,可將除汙生成物調整為適合於水泥混合材及土工物料等之粒度,又,可防止重金屬從除汙生成物等溶出,因此便能有效地活用除汙
生成物。
如上所述,依據本發明可提供一種裝置,係從含有放射性銫的廢棄物,以較低的能量且確實地將放射性銫去除的裝置。
1‧‧‧放射性銫去除裝置
2‧‧‧有機物乾燥粉碎裝置
3‧‧‧無機物改質乾燥粉碎裝置
4‧‧‧燒成裝置
5‧‧‧除汙系排氣處理裝置
6‧‧‧除汙生成物分級裝置
21、32‧‧‧乾燥機
22、33‧‧‧粉碎機
31‧‧‧改質機
41‧‧‧旋轉窯
41a‧‧‧無機物投入口
41b‧‧‧燃燒器
42‧‧‧熟料冷卻器
51‧‧‧冷卻塔
51a‧‧‧散水裝置
52‧‧‧旋風分離器
53‧‧‧袋濾器
54‧‧‧脫硝塔
55‧‧‧煙囪
61‧‧‧分級機
62‧‧‧不溶化材添加混合機
A‧‧‧反應促進劑(鈣源)
B‧‧‧改質材
C‧‧‧粗粉灰塵
F‧‧‧微粉灰塵
F1‧‧‧化石燃料
O1、O2、O3‧‧‧(含有放射性銫之)有機物
G1、G2、G3、G4、G5‧‧‧排氣
H‧‧‧熟料冷卻器的抽氣氣體
P1‧‧‧熟料(除汙生成物)
P2‧‧‧除汙生成物
P3‧‧‧土工物料等(除汙生成物)
Q‧‧‧不溶化材
S1、S2、S3、S4‧‧‧(含有放射性銫之)無機物
T‧‧‧改質材
圖1係表示本發明之放射性銫之去除裝置之一實施形態的整體結構圖。
接著,關於用於實施本發明的形態,一邊參照圖1一邊詳細地說明。再者,在以下的說明中,係舉下述情況作為例子來說明:藉由本發明的放射性銫之去除裝置,從含有放射性銫之有機物及無機物將放射性銫去除,且自除汙後之上述有機物及無機物來製造可利用於水泥混合材及土工物料等的除汙生成物。在此,所謂放射性銫係指屬銫的放射性同位素之銫134及銫137。
圖1係表示本發明之放射性銫之去除裝置的一實施形態,該去除裝置1係大致上係由下述所構成:有機物乾燥粉碎裝置2、無機物改質乾燥粉碎裝置3、燒成裝置4、除汙系排氣處理裝置5與除汙生成物分級裝置6。
有機物乾燥粉碎裝置2係配置於燒成裝置4的前段,且係為了下述用途而具備:將已接收之含放射性銫的有機物(以下僅稱為「有機物」)O1乾燥、粉碎,且係由乾
燥機21與粉碎機22所構成。
乾燥機21係為了下述用途而具備:在已接收之有機物O1含水率高時,從熱效率的觀點出發,使有機物O1乾燥。粉碎機22係配置於乾燥機21的後段,且係為了下述用途而具備:將經乾燥機21所乾燥之有機物O2粉碎成用於從旋轉窯41之窯前的燃燒器41b吹入之適當大小。在此,所謂被送入有機物乾燥粉碎裝置2之有機物O1係指如上所述,含有放射性銫之下水汙泥、伐採材、除草、稻草等,含水率及形狀等性狀亦多樣。因此,在不需要改善性狀等的情況,亦可省略乾燥機21及粉碎機22之任一者或兩者。又,亦可設置同時具備乾燥及粉碎機能之乾燥粉碎裝置。
無機物改質乾燥粉碎裝置3係配置於燒成裝置4之前段,且係為了下述用途而具備:將已接收之含放射性銫的無機物(以下僅稱為「無機物」)S1改質、乾燥、粉碎,且係由改質機31、乾燥機32與粉碎機33所構成。
改質機31係為了下述用途而具備:在已接收之無機物S1附著於貯存槽或輸送機等之處理性差的情況中,對無機物S1添加改質材T而將其改質。藉此,對配置於後段之乾燥機32等之輸送等就變得容易。就改質材T而言,可使用生石灰、熟石灰、碳酸鈣、水泥等,可單獨使用該等之群中所包含之1種,或將2種以上組合使用。在此之中,從改質效果及費用的點看來係以生石灰為佳。
乾燥機32係配置於改質機31的後段,且係為了
下述用途而具備:在改質後之無機物S2的含水率高時,從在旋轉窯41之投入熱量低減的觀點出發,用於使無機物S2乾燥。
粉碎機33係配置於乾燥機32之後段,且係為了下述用途而具備:將以乾燥機32所乾燥之無機物S3粉碎成適當的大小以使其放射性銫濃度等的品質均一化。
在此,所謂被送入無機物改質乾燥粉碎裝置3之無機物S1係指如上所述,含有放射性銫之熔渣、土壤、各種焚燒灰、瓦礫、湖沼等的水域底質等,含水率及形狀等性狀亦多樣。因此,在不需要改善性狀等的情況,亦可省略改質機31及乾燥機32以及粉碎機33之任一者或全部。又,亦可設置具備改質及乾燥以及粉碎機能中任一者或同時具備兩者以上之機能的裝置。
燒成裝置4係用於將經有機物乾燥粉碎裝置2乾燥、粉碎之有機物O3等燒成而具備,且係由旋轉窯41與熟料冷卻器42所構成。
旋轉窯41在窯後係具備用於對乾燥爐內部供給無機物S4的投入口41a,該無機物S4係經無機物改質乾燥粉碎裝置3改質、乾燥、粉碎者;在窯前具備燃燒器41b,係將微粉碳等化石燃料F1與上述有機物O3朝旋轉窯41內噴出而燒成供給物者。
熟料冷卻器42係為了下述用途而具備者:將自旋轉窯41所排出之燒成物,藉由導入之冷卻空氣(大氣)來冷卻而獲得除汙生成物P1。來自該熟料冷卻器42之高溫的
排氣H係被供給至有機物的乾燥機21及無機物的乾燥機32,而可利用於有機物O1及無機物S2的乾燥。
除汙系排氣處理裝置5係配置於燒成裝置4的後段,且由下述所構成:冷卻塔51,係將從旋轉窯41所排出之排氣G1冷卻者;旋風分離器52,係將冷卻塔51之排氣G2所包含之粗粉灰塵C回收者;袋濾器53,係將旋風分離器52之排氣G3所包含之微粉灰塵F集塵者;與脫硝塔54,係進行袋濾器53之排氣G4的脫硝者。
冷卻塔51係為了下述用途而具備:將旋轉窯41的排氣G1冷卻,將從有機物O3及無機物S4所揮發之放射性銫等以固體狀形式回收。排氣G1之冷卻,係藉由從來自設置於冷卻塔51下端部之散水裝置51a將水噴霧來進行。
再者,該散水裝置51a,只要具備能使已揮發之銫以固體狀之形式附著於排氣G1所包含之灰塵來回收這樣的機能即可,散水裝置51a的設置位置並不限於冷卻塔51的下端部。進一步,亦可不藉由水來冷卻,而是藉由將冷卻空氣導入冷卻塔內來進行冷卻;利用水來冷卻,利用空氣來冷卻兩種方法係可各自單獨使用,亦可將兩者併用。
旋風分離器52係為了下述用途而具備:將含有如上所述而經濃縮之銫鹽等的粗粉灰塵C回收;經回收之粗粉灰塵C,係與無機物S4一起從投入口41a被投入旋轉窯41。代替旋風分離器52,亦可使用其他形式的分級機。
袋濾器53係為了下述用途而具備:將吸著有旋風分離器52之排氣G3所含有之銫鹽或酸性氣體之微粉灰塵
F回收。代替袋濾器53,亦可使用其他形式的集塵機。又,亦可將袋濾器配置成2台排成一列,以前段的袋濾器將吸著有銫鹽的微粉灰塵F回收,再於後段的袋濾器中添加用於去除酸性氣體之排氣處理劑,來回收吸著有酸性氣體的灰塵。
脫硝塔54係為了下述用途而具備:使用觸媒等將通過袋濾器53之燃焼排氣G4中的NOx分解而去除。該脫硝塔54係例如構成蜂巢狀,即使在處理大量的燃燒排氣時,也可構成為較小型的樣式。又,不是僅分解去除NOx,亦可附加有將SOx吸著去除之脫硫機能。
除汙生成物分級裝置6係配置於燒成裝置4的後段,將可以土工物料等的形式利用之熟料(除汙生成物)P1分級,並進一步對其添加混合不溶化材Q;且其係由分級機61與不溶化材添加混合機62構成。
分級機61係為了下述用途而具備:將除汙生成物P1調整成適合於水泥混合材及土工物料等(以下僅稱為「土工物料等」)P3之粒度。在此,除汙生成物P1之粒度係視燒成裝置4之燒成溫度及滯留時間等燒成條件而有不同。在除汙生成物P1之粒度即便不經分級也呈適合於土工物料等P3之粒度時可省略之。又,在僅需分級就可成為適合於土工物料等P3的情況,亦可在分級機61的前段配置粉碎機,又,亦可將分級機與粉碎機複數個組合來配置。
不溶化材添加混合機62係配置於分級機61的後段,且係為了下述用途而具備:在從經分級之除汙生成物
P2有重金屬、六價鉻、氟等溶出的情況,從防止其發生的觀點出發,在除汙生成物P2中添加混合不溶化材Q。作為不溶化材Q,係可使用從還原劑及吸著劑所構成之群中選出之至少1種以上。作為還原劑係可舉例如含有下述等之化合物:亞硫酸鈉等之亞硫酸鹽、硫酸鐵(Ⅱ)、氯化鐵(Ⅱ)等的鐵(Ⅱ)鹽、硫代硫酸鈉、鐵粉等。作為吸著劑係可舉例如:沸石、黏土礦物、Mg-Al系及Mg-Fe系等之如水滑石化合物的層狀雙氫氧化物、Ca-Al系氫氧化物;鈣礬石及單硫酸鹽等的Ca-Al系化合物、氧化鐵(赤鐵礦)或氧化鉍等的含氫氧化物;氫氧化鎂、輕燒鎂、燒成白雲石及氧化鎂等鎂化合物;硫化鐵、鐵粉、施洛特曼鐵礦(schwertmannite)及FeOOH等的鐵化合物;氧化矽、氧化鋁及氧化鐵等之1種或2種以上的混合物或燒成物、鈰、及稀土類元素。該等還原劑及吸著劑係可單獨使用1種,亦可將2種以上組合使用。在此,來自除汙生成物P2之重金屬等的溶出量,將依被供給至燒成裝置4之有機物O3及無機物S4所含有之重金屬等的含有量及形態而有不同。因此,重金屬等的溶出量在低於土工物料等之基準時,亦可將之省略。
接著,關於具有上述結構之放射性銫之去除裝置1之操作,參照圖1來進行說明。
將已接收之有機物O1投入乾燥機21乾燥之後,將經乾燥之有機物O2投入粉碎機22,粉碎成所希望的尺寸。
另一方面,對已接收之無機物S1添加改質材T並以改質機31改質後,對乾燥機32投入經改質之無機物S2使其乾燥,進一步對粉碎機33投入經乾燥之無機物S3,粉碎成所希望的尺寸。
將經乾燥粉碎之有機物O3及化石燃料F1從燃燒器41b吹入旋轉窯41內並使其燃燒,並將經改質乾燥粉碎之無機物S4及作為反應促進劑A之鈣源從投入口41a投入而燒成。藉由供給反應促進劑A,可提高被燒成物之鹼度,並抑制燒成過程之液相的產生,而可使有機物O3及無機物S4所含有之放射性銫有效率地揮發。
作為鈣源,係可使用碳酸鈣、生石灰、熟石灰、石灰石、白雲石、高爐熔渣等,可單獨使用從該等之群中所包含1種、或將2種以上組合使用。在此之中,碳酸鈣因可藉由旋轉窯41內之顯熱脫碳酸,而容易地分解成氧化鈣(CaO)與二氧化碳(CO2)之故而為佳。
無機物S4及有機物O3所含有之放射性銫係在旋轉窯41內揮發,在包含於排氣G1之狀態下被導入冷卻塔51。
在冷卻塔51中,排氣G1係藉由從散水裝置51a所噴霧出的水(或者是被導入冷卻塔內之冷卻空氣,或該等之混合物)被急遽地冷卻,排氣G1所含有之銫呈固體狀之銫鹽而附著於灰塵上。
接著,將含有銫鹽之來自冷卻塔51的排氣G2導入旋風分離器52,將排氣G2所含有之粗粉灰塵C回收。已
回收之粗粉灰塵C係被送回旋轉窯41。在該粗粉灰塵C中雖含有銫鹽,但因含有率較低,故送回旋轉窯41使銫再度揮發並進行回收。
將旋風分離器52之排氣G3導入袋濾器53,回收以高比率含有銫鹽之微粉灰塵F。已回收之微粉灰塵F係視需要藉由水洗、吸著、壓縮等,進一步進行減容化處置後,密閉保管於水泥製容器中,並運送至中間貯藏設施或最終處置場。又,吸著有排氣G3所含有之酸性氣體等之灰塵亦由袋濾器53進行回收。
將袋濾器53之排氣G4導入脫硝塔54,將排氣G4所含有之NOx分解去除,將經清淨化之脫硝塔54的排氣G5從煙囪55放出至大氣。
另一方面,被投入至旋轉窯41之無機物S4,係利用在旋轉窯41內從燃燒器41b被吹入之化石燃料F1與及有機物O3之燃燒熱被燒成,使放射性銫被揮發去除後,利用熟料冷卻器42來冷卻,生成可作為土工物料等來利用之熟料(除汙生成物)P1。熟料冷卻器42之高溫的抽氣氣體H係作為有機物之乾燥機21或無機物之乾燥機32的熱源來利用。
除汙生成物P1係利用分級機61分級成可作為土工物料等來利用之粒度,進一步,藉由不溶化材添加混合機62在除汙生成物P2中添加混合不溶化材Q。作為將除汙生成物P2與不溶化材Q混合之方法,係可列舉如:將除汙生成物P2與粉末狀之不溶化材Q混合;將不溶化材Q事先
與水混合,形成漿液或水溶液(以下亦稱為「漿液等」),將除汙生成物P2與漿液等混合;對除汙生成物P2噴霧漿液等;或將除汙生成物P2浸漬於漿液等等的方法。
如上所述,依據本實施形態,係可從含有放射性銫之有機物O1、無機物S1以低成本且有效率地去除放射性銫,且將該等以燃料及原料形式來利用,並製造可利用作為水泥混合材及土工物料等之除汙生成物P3。
另外,在上述實施形態中,雖是在袋濾器53之前段設置旋風分離器52將粗粉灰塵C分離再送回旋轉窯41,但亦可將冷卻塔51之排氣G2所含有之灰塵全部回收,對已回收之灰塵全面性實施減容化處置後,運送至中間貯藏設施或最終處置場。
又,雖是將無機物S4及反應促進劑A從投入口41a混合後供給至旋轉窯41內,但亦可個別地投入。又,關於其投入位置,只要對旋轉窯41內是從窯後部投入即可,並不受限於投入口41a。又,關於有機物O3,只要是對旋轉窯41內是窯前部供給即可,投入位置並不受限於燃燒器41b。
1‧‧‧放射性銫去除裝置
2‧‧‧有機物乾燥粉碎裝置
3‧‧‧無機物改質乾燥粉碎裝置
4‧‧‧燒成裝置
5‧‧‧除汙系排氣處理裝置
6‧‧‧除汙生成物分級裝置
21、32‧‧‧乾燥機
22、33‧‧‧粉碎機
31‧‧‧改質機
41‧‧‧旋轉窯
41a‧‧‧無機物投入口
41b‧‧‧燃燒器
42‧‧‧熟料冷卻器
51‧‧‧冷卻塔
51a‧‧‧散水裝置
52‧‧‧旋風分離器
53‧‧‧袋濾器
54‧‧‧脫硝塔
55‧‧‧煙囪
61‧‧‧分級機
62‧‧‧不溶化材添加混合機
A‧‧‧反應促進劑(鈣源)
C‧‧‧粗粉灰塵
F‧‧‧微粉灰塵
O1、O2、O3‧‧‧(含有放射性銫之)有機物
F1‧‧‧化石燃料
G1、G2、G3、G4、G5‧‧‧排氣
H‧‧‧熟料冷卻器的抽氣氣體
P1‧‧‧熟料(除汙生成物)
P2‧‧‧除汙生成物
P3‧‧‧土工物料等(除汙生成物)
Q‧‧‧不溶化材
S1、S2、S3、S4‧‧‧(含有放射性銫之)無機物
T‧‧‧改質材
Claims (8)
- 一種放射性銫之去除裝置,其特徵在於具備:旋轉窯;有機物供給手段,將受放射性銫汙染之有機物供給至前述旋轉窯之窯前;改質機,對受放射性銫汙染之無機物添加鈣源作為改質劑;無機物供給手段,將經改質之無機物供給至前述旋轉窯之窯後;反應促進劑供給手段,將鈣源作為反應促進劑供給至前述旋轉窯之窯後;及回收裝置,將在前述旋轉窯中前述有機物與前述經改質之無機物燒成時所揮發之銫回收。
- 如請求項1之放射性銫之去除裝置,其中具備在將前述受放射性銫汙染之有機物投入前述旋轉窯之前,將該有機物乾燥粉碎之乾燥粉碎裝置。
- 如請求項1或2之放射性銫之去除裝置,其中具備在將前述受放射性銫汙染之無機物投入前述旋轉窯之前,將該無機物改質之改質機。
- 如請求項1或2之放射性銫之去除裝置,其中具備在將前述受放射性銫汙染之無機物投入前述旋轉窯之前,將該無機物乾燥粉碎之乾燥粉碎機。
- 如請求項1之放射性銫之去除裝置,其中前述回收裝置 是將前述旋轉窯之排氣冷卻之冷卻塔,與回收該冷卻塔之排氣中的灰塵之集塵機。
- 如請求項5之放射性銫之去除裝置,其中在前述集塵機之前段,具備將前述冷卻塔之排氣中的粗粉灰塵分離之分級機,且將以該分級機所分離之粗粉灰塵送回前述旋轉窯。
- 如請求項1之放射性銫之去除裝置,其中在將前述受放射性銫汙染之有機物與前述受放射性銫汙染之無機物一起燒成時,對前述旋轉窯添加鈣源。
- 如請求項1之放射性銫之去除裝置,其具備分級機,用於將在前述旋轉窯揮發去除放射性銫後所生成之除汙生成物分級;與不溶化材添加混合機,用以進一步對除汙生成物添加混和不溶化材。
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