TWI586633B - Photocatalyst member and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Photocatalyst member and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI586633B TWI586633B TW102132577A TW102132577A TWI586633B TW I586633 B TWI586633 B TW I586633B TW 102132577 A TW102132577 A TW 102132577A TW 102132577 A TW102132577 A TW 102132577A TW I586633 B TWI586633 B TW I586633B
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- Prior art keywords
- photocatalyst
- layer
- titanium oxide
- zirconium
- member according
- Prior art date
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 103
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 90
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNEUGKWIEGERKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=O)C)(=O)O.C(C=1C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC1)(=O)OCC Chemical compound C(C(=O)C)(=O)O.C(C=1C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC1)(=O)OCC RNEUGKWIEGERKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDGIFZCOIOUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCO[Zr](OCCCC)OCCCC Chemical compound CCCCO[Zr](OCCCC)OCCCC KFDGIFZCOIOUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDWOZOZARHKBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(=O)C(O)=O JDWOZOZARHKBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JTQPTNQXCUMDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate;titanium(2+) Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti]OC(C)C JTQPTNQXCUMDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
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- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0217—Pretreatment of the substrate before coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00405—Materials with a gradually increasing or decreasing concentration of ingredients or property from one layer to another
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0081—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as catalysts or catalyst carriers
- C04B2111/00827—Photocatalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
本發明是關於一種在瓷釉層表面設置有光觸媒層的光觸媒構件,進一步詳細而言是關於一種在瓷釉層表面具有良好的膜強度、耐水性或耐磨損性的光觸媒層的光觸媒構件及其製造方法。
在具有瓷釉層的基體材料的瓷釉層表面設置光觸媒層,並利用該光觸媒的分解活性或親水活性的功能性構件被使用於各種用途中。例如,已知有在衛生陶器表面形成光觸媒表面層的衛生陶器。這樣的衛生陶器藉由在其光觸媒層上照射光、較佳為紫外線,可利用所發揮的親水性來抑制汙物附著,同時也可以透過由光觸媒進行的分解作用來抑制細菌的繁殖。由此減輕其清掃負擔。
基體材料上的光觸媒層要求必須具有經得住所應用的使用環境的膜強度、還有耐水性或耐磨損性等。關於衛生陶器,例如,在日本國特開平11-228865號公報(專利文獻1)中,提出為了提高光觸媒層的膜硬度而使用烷氧基鈦與烷氧基矽。再者,在日本國特開平8-103488號公報
(專利文獻2)中,揭示出為了提高膜的密著性而使光觸媒中的成分連續變化是有利的。而且,本發明者中的一部分發明者,提出同時燒成氧化鈦的前驅體與氧化鋯的前驅體而形成光觸媒層(PCT/JP2012/58114)。這些光觸媒層在維持良好的光觸媒活性的同時也具有高耐水性及耐磨損性。但是,可以說仍然追求一種在維持高的光觸媒活性的同時也具有良好的膜強度、耐水性、耐磨損性等性能的光觸媒構件。
專利文獻1:日本國特開平11-228865號公報
專利文獻2:日本國特開平8-103488號公報
這次,本發明者們得到了以下見解:藉由控制在瓷釉層上設置的光觸媒層中的鈦酸鋯的存在量及其分佈,可以實現一種在維持良好的光觸媒活性的同時也具有良好的膜強度、耐水性、或耐磨損性的光觸媒層。本發明是基於相關見解而進行的發明。
因而,本發明的目的在於提供一種具有瓷釉層的光觸媒構件及其製造方法,在該瓷釉層上設置有在維持良好的光觸媒活性的同時也具有良好的膜強度、耐水性或耐磨損性的光觸媒層。
其次,本發明的光觸媒構件為至少由具有瓷釉層的基
體材料、以及在該瓷釉層上形成的包含氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯的光觸媒層所形成的光觸媒構件,其特徵為:前述光觸媒層中的鈦酸鋯的量占前述氧化鈦及前述鈦酸鋯總量的15~75質量%,且與在前述光觸媒層的表面附近的前述鈦酸鋯的含量相比,在與前述基體材料的界面附近到前述光觸媒層的厚度的中間區域的鈦酸鋯的含量較大。
另外,本發明的光觸媒構件的製造方法的特徵為:準備具有瓷釉層的基體材料,並在該基體材料上塗布具有氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)小於80/20的組成的塗層組合物,並進行乾燥而形成下層,再塗布與構成前述下層的塗層組合物的氧化鈦/氧化鋯相比,該比較大的組成的塗層組合物,並進行乾燥,然後燒成而形成最上層。
本發明的光觸媒構件至少由具有瓷釉層的基體材料、以及在該基體材料上形成的含有氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯的光觸媒層形成。
在本發明中,具有瓷釉層的基體材料只要具有瓷釉層就沒有特別限定,但是根據本發明的較佳樣態,基體材料為衛生陶器。在本發明中,“衛生陶器”意指在廁所及洗臉台周圍使用的陶器製品,具體而言為大便器、小便器、
便器的濾網、便器水箱、洗臉台的洗臉盆、洗手盆等。另外,“陶器”意指在陶瓷器中,坯料的燒結為稍微具有吸水性的程度且在表面上了瓷釉的陶器。
在本發明中,光觸媒層含有氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯。而且,在本發明中,光觸媒層中的鈦酸鋯的量占氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯總量的15~75質量%。進而,與在光觸媒層的表面附近的鈦酸鋯的含量相比,與基體材料的界面附近到前述光觸媒層的厚度的中間區域的鈦酸鋯的含量較大。藉由這樣控制鈦酸鋯的量及分佈,可以實現一種在維持良好的光觸媒活性的同時也具有良好的膜強度、耐水性或耐磨損性的光觸媒層。並不是有意地根據特定的理論來限定本發明,但發現鈦酸鋯可使光觸媒層的膜強度、耐水性或耐磨損性提高,然而另一方面卻可能妨礙氧化鈦的光觸媒活性表達。因此,可以認為雖然在光觸媒層的內部含有鈦酸鋯,但是在主要負責光觸媒層的光觸媒活性表達的光觸媒層表面附近存在更少量的鈦酸鋯,較佳為不存在,可以實現一種維持良好的光觸媒活性,且具有良好的膜強度、耐水性或者耐磨損性的光觸媒層。
如上所述,本發明確立了以下認識:雖然在光觸媒層的內部含有鈦酸鋯,但是在主要負責光觸媒層的光觸媒活性表達的光觸媒層表面附近存在更少量的鈦酸鋯,較佳為不存在。因此,在光觸媒層表面附近中的鈦酸鋯的量、以
及在與基體材料的界面附近到前述光觸媒層的厚度的中間區域的鈦酸鋯的量的測定可以透過能夠確認是否採用該認識的合乎目的的方法來實施。例如,本發明中,在光觸媒層的表面附近的鈦酸鋯的量意指具有在該測定方法中所必須的從光觸媒層的最表面開始的厚度的層中的鈦酸鋯的量,即使在最厚的情況下,也是指在光觸媒層厚度的一半以下的厚度區域中的量。而且,在本發明中,在與基體材料的界面附近到前述光觸媒層的厚度中間區域的鈦酸鋯的量可以是藉由取出與基體材料的界面附近至光觸媒層的厚度的中間的光觸媒層,並測定其鈦酸鋯的量而求出的量,而且也可以測定與基體材料的界面附近至光觸媒層的厚度的中間的多個任意點上的鈦酸鋯的量,而求出其平均值。
根據本發明的較佳樣態,鈦酸鋯在光觸媒層中的量占氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯的總量,較佳為其下限是35質量%,其上限是65質量%。
在本發明中,只要氧化鈦具有光觸媒活性就沒有特別限定,亦可以為銳鈦礦型、金紅石型中的任意一種,但以銳鈦礦型為佳。
另外,在本發明中,光觸媒層的膜厚可從其用途及所要求的光觸媒活性、其他各種特性考慮而適當決定,較佳為50nm~200nm左右,更佳為下限是70nm,其上限是120nm。
當氧化鈦與氧化鋯以既定量存在來進行燒成時,鈦酸鋯會以它們的複合化合物生成。該既定量是指氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)小於80/20,即該比小於4。因此,藉由先在瓷釉層上形成鈦酸鋯所生成的氧化鈦/氧化鋯的比小於80/20的(較佳為小於70/30)層並進行乾燥,其次形成與該層中的氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)相比,該比較大(較佳為大於70/30,更佳為80/20或比其更大)的層作為最上層,然後進行燒成,可以實現一種與在光觸媒層的表面附近的鈦酸鋯的量相比,在與基體材料的界面附近到前述光觸媒層的厚度的中間區域的鈦酸鋯的量較大的構成。藉由在考慮光觸媒層中的鈦酸鋯總量的同時控制氧化鈦/氧化鋯,可以形成本發明中的光觸媒層。
因此,本發明的光觸媒構件較佳為透過以下的方式來製造。亦即,在瓷釉層上先塗布具有氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)小於80/20,即該比小於4的組成的塗層組合物,並進行乾燥而形成下層,在其上塗布與構成該下層的塗層組合物的氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)相比,該比較大的組成的塗層組合物,並進行乾燥,然後燒成而形成上層。根據本發明的較佳樣態,形成上層的塗層組合物是使用具有氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)大於70/30的組成者。更佳為使用80/20或者比其更大的組成者。再者,在本發明中,也可以由3種以上的塗層組合物形成光觸媒層。
本發明的光觸媒構件可以藉由反覆進行以下步驟來製造:具體而言是在具有瓷釉層的基體材料上,應用以上述
所希望的組成含有氧化鈦與氧化鋯而形成的溶液,即塗層液,較佳為進行塗布,然後進行燒成,接著應用所希望的組成的塗層組合物,並進行燒成。
作為塗層液的溶劑可列舉出水、乙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇等的醇類、甲基溶纖劑、丁基溶纖劑等的溶纖劑類、甲苯、二甲苯等的芳香族烴類、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯等的酯類。
在塗層液中除氧化鈦及氧化鋯之外,例如為了提高光觸媒層的均勻性也可以添加流平劑等的界面活性劑。
塗層液應用在基體材料較佳為可透過毛刷塗布、滾塗、噴塗、輥塗、澆塗、浸漬塗布、流塗、網版印刷等一般廣泛使用的方法進行。在將塗層液塗布於衛生陶器之後,進行燒成。燒成的溫度及時間在600~900℃的溫度下以12~48小時左右為佳,更佳為在750~830℃的溫度下進行15~24小時左右即可。
根據如上所述的本發明的一個較佳樣態,提供基體材料為衛生陶器的光觸媒構件。本發明的衛生陶器的陶器坯料沒有特別限定,可以是通常的衛生陶器坯料。另外,也可以在最表層的具有上述表面性狀的瓷釉層的下面設置成為中間層的瓷釉層。
本發明的衛生陶器可以利用以下所述的方法較佳地進行製造。即,首先,將以矽砂、長石、粘土等作為原料而
製備的衛生陶器坯料泥漿,採用利用了吸水性模具的澆注成形而形成適合形狀的陶器坯料。然後,在乾燥的成形體表面上,將上述瓷釉原料適宜地選擇噴霧塗布、浸漬塗布、旋轉塗布、輥塗等的一般方法而進行塗布。接著將所得到的形成有表面瓷釉層的前軀層的成形體進行燒成。燒成溫度以燒結陶器坯料且軟化瓷釉的1000℃以上、1300℃以下的溫度為佳。
本發明的生成衛生陶器的瓷釉層的瓷釉組成沒有限定,但是在本發明中,一般而言,瓷釉原料可定義為矽砂、長石、石灰石等天然礦物粒子的混合物。而且,所謂顏料例如為鈷化合物、鐵化合物等,所謂乳濁劑例如為矽酸鋯、氧化錫等。非晶質瓷釉是指將由如上所述的天然礦物粒子等混合物組成的瓷釉原料在高溫下熔融後,使其急速冷卻呈玻璃化的瓷釉,例如,可以適當地利用玻璃瓷釉。
根據本發明的較佳樣態,較佳的瓷釉組成為,例如長石10wt%~30wt%、矽砂15wt%~40wt%、碳酸鈣10wt%~25wt%、剛玉、滑石、白雲石、氧化鋅分別在10wt%以下,乳濁劑及顏料合計在15wt%以下。
雖然基於以下例子對本發明進行具體說明,但是本發明不限定於這些例子。
另外,由於關於在衛生陶器表面形成的光觸媒層對於
水的耐久性(耐水性)評價與耐鹼性的試驗顯示出大致相同的趨勢,因此在本實施例中使用以下所述的耐鹼性試驗來進行評價。
按以下所述準備了氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)為60/40、70/30、80/20及90/10的塗層組合物。將烷氧基鈦(化合物名:二異丙氧基鈦雙(乙醯丙酮酸鹽)商品名:NDH-510C,日本曹達株式會社製)與烷氧基鋯(化合物名:三丁氧基鋯單乙醯丙酮酸鹽 商品名:Orgatix ZC-540,日本Matsumoto Fine Chemical株式會社製)以燒成後的氧化鈦/氧化鋯成為固體成分的重量比為60/40、70/30、80/20及90/10的比例的方式混合。接著,將該混合物用2-丙醇(80%)與甲基溶纖劑(20%)的混合溶劑稀釋,使燒成後的固體成分成為0.5%,將稀釋液用攪拌機混合。將所得到的混合液放置1小時以上,將其作為塗布液。
將陶器原料澆注成形而得到坯料,在該坯料的表面上使用手噴槍(F100日本明治機械製作所株式會社製)塗布瓷釉。接下來,使其緩慢升溫及降溫,同時使其24小時通過最高溫度設定為1180℃的隧道窯中並進行燒成,而得到陶器瓷磚。另外,瓷釉使用以下範圍的組成。
將2種上述塗層組合物按照下述表上的記載進行組合而形成下層及上層。形成方法是按照以下的步驟進行。即,使用手噴槍(F100日本明治機械製作所株式會社製)在陶器瓷磚表面上,將上面得到的塗布液控制在燒成後的膜厚成為100nm的塗布量進行塗覆。接著,使其緩慢升溫及降溫,同時用最高溫度設定為800℃的高溫電爐(FUH732DA日本ADVANTEC株式會社製)進行20小時燒成,而得到光觸媒塗層瓷磚。
利用以下的方法測定了所得到的光觸媒塗層瓷磚的光觸媒層中相對於氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯總量的鈦酸鋯的質量%。即,使用X線繞射裝置(XRD)(荷蘭帕納科製:X‘Pert
PRO)進行了光觸媒層的評價。從利用XRD測定得到的資料之相當於氧化鈦與鈦酸鋯的峰值中提取最大峰值,並從其峰值面積計算出相對於氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯總量的鈦酸鋯的質量%。首先,將預先已知的氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯粉末按任意的比例進行混合,事先進行XRD測定,並計算出氧化鈦與鈦酸鋯的混合比與最大峰值的峰值面積比的關係式。接下來,進行光觸媒層的XRD測定,由所得到的資料的氧化鈦與鈦酸鋯的最大峰值的峰值面積計算出相對於氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯總量的鈦酸鋯的質量%。
其結果如下表所示。
依照JIS(日本工業標準)R1703-2用亞甲基藍分解指數評價了光觸媒塗層瓷磚的光觸媒活性。其結果用以下的基準進行評價。
分解指數為10以上:○
大於5小於10:△
分解指數小於5:×
其結果如下表所示。
將光觸媒塗層瓷磚浸漬於保持在50℃的5%氫氧化鈉(試劑特級 日本和光純藥工業株式會社製)水溶液中。在浸漬既定的時間後,基於JISK5600-5-6實施膠帶剝離試驗。其結果用以下的基準進行評價。
浸漬8小時無剝離:◎
浸漬超過6小時至8小時產生剝離:○
浸漬超過4小時至6小時產生剝離:△
浸漬至4小時產生剝離:×
其結果如下表所示。
使用摩擦測試器(日本太平理化工業株式會社製)實施光觸媒塗層瓷磚的耐滑動性試驗。將聚氨酯海綿(Scotch Brite(SS-72K日本住友3M株式會社製))切成2.24cm方形,使用雙面膠帶以不織布的部分接觸滑動面的方式粘接在摩擦頭上後,用蒸餾水潤濕。接著,放上250g的錘(載重條件:5kPa)滑動既定的次數,目視確認表面是否有劃傷。聚氨酯海綿每滑動1000次便替換為新的聚氨酯海綿。結果用以下的基準進行評價。
滑動10000次後無可目視確認的劃傷:◎
滑動超過5000次至10000次存在可目視確認的劃傷:○
滑動超過2000次至5000次存在可目視確認的劃傷:△
滑動至2000次存在可目視確認的劃傷:×
其結果如下表所示。
Claims (13)
- 一種光觸媒構件,其為至少由具有瓷釉層的基體材料、以及在該瓷釉層上形成的包含氧化鈦及鈦酸鋯的光觸媒層所形成的光觸媒構件,其特徵為:前述光觸媒層中的鈦酸鋯的量占前述氧化鈦及前述鈦酸鋯總量的15~75質量%,並且該光觸媒層,在基體材料側界面至光觸媒層中間區域中,將鈦元素及鋯元素的含有比率以氧化鈦與氧化鋯的重量比換算作表示時,氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)小於80/20,且表面附近的氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)比基體材料側界面至光觸媒層中間區域的氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)更大,與在前述光觸媒層的表面附近的前述鈦酸鋯的含量相比,在與前述基體材料的界面附近到前述光觸媒層的厚度的中間區域的鈦酸鋯的含量較大。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載的光觸媒構件,其中,前述鈦酸鋯在前述光觸媒層的表面上觀察不到。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載的光觸媒構件,其中,在前述光觸媒層中含有35~65質量%的前述鈦酸鋯而形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載的光觸媒構件,其中,前述光觸媒層的膜厚為50nm~200nm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載的光觸媒構件,其中,前述光觸媒構件為衛生陶器。
- 一種光觸媒構件的製造方法,為申請專利範圍第1~5項中任一項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其特徵為:準備具有瓷釉層的基體材料,在該基體材料上,塗布將鈦元素及鋯元素的含有比率以氧化鈦與氧化鋯的重量比換算作表示時具有氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)小於80/20的組成的塗層組合物,並進行乾燥而形成下層,塗布與構成前述下層的塗層組合物的氧化鈦/氧化鋯相比,該比較大的組成的塗層組合物,並進行燒成而形成最上層。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其中,第1層及第2層的燒成溫度為600~900℃。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其中,由將鈦元素及鋯元素的含有比率以氧化鈦與氧化鋯的重量比換算作表示時氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)為70/30或者小於該比的組成的塗層組合物形成前述下層。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其中,由將鈦元素及鋯元素的含有比率以氧化鈦與氧化鋯的重量比換算作表示時氧化鈦/氧化鋯(重量比)為70/30或者大於該比的組成的塗層組合物形成前述上層。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其中,前述鈦酸鋯在前述光觸媒層的表面上觀察不到。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其中,在前述光觸媒層中含有35~65質量%的前述鈦酸鋯而形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其中,前述光觸媒層的膜厚為50nm~200nm。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載的光觸媒構件的製造方法,其中,前述光觸媒構件為衛生陶器。
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DE102013004558B4 (de) | 2013-03-18 | 2018-04-05 | Apple Inc. | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer oberflächenverspannten Saphirscheibe, oberflächenverspannte Saphirscheibe und elektrisches Gerät mit einer transparenten Abdeckung |
JP6750348B2 (ja) | 2015-09-15 | 2020-09-02 | Toto株式会社 | 光触媒層を有する衛生陶器 |
CN106518169B (zh) * | 2015-09-15 | 2019-07-05 | Toto株式会社 | 具有光催化剂层的卫生陶器 |
KR101596657B1 (ko) | 2015-09-25 | 2016-02-25 | 한국철도기술연구원 | 탄소섬유로 구성된 하우징 구조의 직결구동방식 견인전동기를 구비한 대차 |
US11479513B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2022-10-25 | Guangdon Kito Ceramics Group Co., Ltd. | Antiskid and wear-resistant glaze, antiskid, wear-resistant and easy-to-clean ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
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