TWI582063B - 用於寡聚化乙烯的方法 - Google Patents
用於寡聚化乙烯的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI582063B TWI582063B TW102120423A TW102120423A TWI582063B TW I582063 B TWI582063 B TW I582063B TW 102120423 A TW102120423 A TW 102120423A TW 102120423 A TW102120423 A TW 102120423A TW I582063 B TWI582063 B TW I582063B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- butene
- ethylene
- chromium
- catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 84
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 chromium (III)-2-ethyl Benzoic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003606 oligomerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MJSNUBOCVAKFIJ-LNTINUHCSA-N chromium;(z)-4-oxoniumylidenepent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Cr].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O MJSNUBOCVAKFIJ-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006736 (C6-C20) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007831 chromium(III) chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- WVSBQYMJNMJHIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (benzene)chromium tricarbonyl Chemical compound [Cr].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].C1=CC=CC=C1 WVSBQYMJNMJHIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-methylbenzonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C(C#N)=C1 CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000769 gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URAPFRVSOJQECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene chromium Chemical compound [Cr].C1=CC=CC=C1 URAPFRVSOJQECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YSQIHBDGANIIJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) 2,4-dioxopentanoate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC(=O)CC(=O)C([O-])=O.CC(=O)CC(=O)C([O-])=O.CC(=O)CC(=O)C([O-])=O YSQIHBDGANIIJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZOJSOSIRTNGHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M chromium(3+);2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZOJSOSIRTNGHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PFTYFFFXKWUHOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)alumane Chemical compound ClC(C[Al](CC)CC)(Cl)Cl PFTYFFFXKWUHOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012526 feed medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/26—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds
- C07C2/36—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
- B01J31/143—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
- B01J31/1865—Phosphonites (RP(OR)2), their isomeric phosphinates (R2(RO)P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof
- B01J31/187—Amide derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
- B01J31/1885—Ligands comprising two different formal oxidation states of phosphorus in one at least bidentate ligand, e.g. phosphite/phosphinite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C11/02—Alkenes
- C07C11/04—Ethylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C11/02—Alkenes
- C07C11/107—Alkenes with six carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/14—Catalytic processes with inorganic acids; with salts or anhydrides of acids
- C07C2/20—Acids of halogen; Salts thereof ; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
- C07C2/22—Metal halides; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/02—Carriers therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/20—Olefin oligomerisation or telomerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/60—Complexes comprising metals of Group VI (VIA or VIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/62—Chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- C07C2531/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- C07C2531/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- C07C2531/24—Phosphines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
本發明係關於用於寡聚化乙烯的方法。
此技術領域熟知使用各種催化劑組成來寡聚化乙烯的方法。通常,若使用非特定催化劑,則將獲得從C4至高碳烯烴、甚至聚合材料的廣泛產物分布。高碳直鏈α-烯烴和聚合材料會造成寡聚化反應器和與之連接的管路堵塞及積垢。近來,已開發例如更特定於三聚化或四聚化的催化劑組成用於寡聚化乙烯,以產生較窄的產物分布,但此仍會產生高碳直鏈α-烯烴和聚合材料。
WO 2009/006979 A2描述用於二、三及/或四聚化乙烯的製程和對應催化劑系統,該系統以具雜原子配基的鉻錯合物為基礎,通常特徵為PNPNH-主幹及由有機鋁化合物(例如三烷基鋁或甲基鋁氧烷)活化。在此發明的其他可能實施例中,較佳以CrCl3(thf)3(thf=四氫呋喃)做為鉻源。
EP 2 239 056 A1描述用於寡聚化的催化劑組成和製程,特別係使用WO 2009/006979 A2所述催化劑系統改質物,對1-己烯選擇性三聚化乙烯。儘管亦依賴特徵為PNPNH-主幹的配基類型,但該等改質系統顯示在穩定性、活性、選擇性
與在技術環境中的製程參數相關容許操作視窗方面,明顯優於原有催化劑組成。
根據EP 2 239 056 A1,含鹵素的改質劑配合如Cr(acac)3(acac=乙醯丙酮酸基)、PNPNH-配基和三乙基鋁做為活化物使用。典型的改質劑例如為四苯基鏻-或四烷基銨鹵化物,較佳為氯化物。相對於使用CrCl3(thf)3做為鉻源的催化劑系統,該等改質系統容許自由地個別調整鉻/鹵素/鋁比率。此係非常有利的策略,因為基本機制研究顯示,鹵素係催化活性物質中不可或缺的成分,故將影響整體催化性能。
上述催化劑系統的典型寡聚物產物分布為:C4 2.9重量%;C6 91.4重量%(>99.0重量%)1-己烯;C8 0.5重量%;C10 5.1重量%;C12 0.1重量%。
第1圖圖示用於先前技術中勻相催化乙烯寡聚化技術的典型製程。
勻相催化劑系統1和溶劑2(例如甲苯)一起轉移到反應器3。主要為1-己烯的直鏈α-烯烴經由溶於液相的乙烯三聚化形成。在反應器中,必須移除放熱反應的反應熱,且必須使氣態乙烯快速相轉移至溶劑。可以想見各種反應器類型。一些實例為:
1. 泡塔反應器:為免除內部熱交換表面,乙烯可兼作反應進料與冷卻介質。同時,利用上升至適當噴淋板上面
的氣泡來達成混合。
2. 具外部熱交換器的迴路反應器。
3. 栓流反應器:反應熱可經由反應壁移除。
用於乙烯寡聚化的較佳反應器為泡塔反應器。經由氣體分配系統,將乙烯引至底部區段,及從底部抽回液態重LAO和溶劑與催化劑。寡聚化反應為高度放熱。藉由以乙烯移除此熱,可免除反應區內的熱交換表面,該表面會嚴重結垢。部分形成直鏈α-烯烴(在反應條件下呈氣態)於反應器頂部凝結,並當作回流以達冷卻目的而善用各自蒸發熱。典型反應條件為:30℃-70℃、10巴-100巴。
在反應區段後,將包括溶劑(例如甲苯)的液體產物和溶解乙烯供給至分離區段。在第一塔4內,自產物與溶劑分離出未消耗的乙烯。使乙烯經由管線5再循環回反應器。管線5處可能進行乙烯拋光6。使較重餾分循徑至後續分離7,在此將分成不同餾分(C4、C6、溶劑、C8、C10、>C12)。溶劑經回收及再循環回反應器。
從如EP 2 239 056 A1所述非常有利的改質催化劑系統開始著手,然問題在於應如何設計經濟的寡聚化乙烯製程,特別係對1-己烯選擇性三聚化乙烯。在此方面必須考慮以下挑戰:
1. 必須自反應器移除放熱反應的反應熱。因催化劑對高溫很敏感,故需使反應溫度較佳維持及非常精確控制在30℃至70℃之間。
由於反應期間會形成少量聚乙烯,故內部熱交換表
面有積垢傾向。此將無可避免地造成反應器在僅僅非常有限的連續運轉時間(time on stream)內操作不穩定及/或不安全。因此,應免除此類內部熱交換表面。
2. 不幸的是,在乙烯寡聚化期間,並無法完全避免聚合物或高分子量寡聚物形成,此乃因此係固有的副反應通道。
該等固體材料可溶解或懸浮於液體產物,最後則通往分離區段或沉積至反應器內面和周邊設備。後者係最糟的情況,因為此將造成反應器積垢及堵塞。是以需定期清潔反應器和相關設備,以移除沉積物。此勢必停工而導致生產損失。因此,聚合物最好溶解或懸浮於產物流中。
因此,本發明的目的係提供用於寡聚化乙烯的方法,以克服先前技術的缺點。尤其,該方法就投資與操作成本而論應為經濟的製程,且較佳提供穩定又安全的反應器操作,並能有效移除熱及避免堵塞與積垢。
上述目的可由用於寡聚化乙烯的方法達成,方法包含下列步驟:a)供給乙烯、溶劑和催化劑組成至反應器內,催化劑組成包含催化劑與共催化劑;b)在反應器中,寡聚化乙烯;c)將反應器流出物排出反應器,反應器流出物包含包括1-丁烯的直鏈α-烯烴、溶劑、溶於反應器流出物的未消耗乙烯和催化劑組成;
d)自剩餘的反應器流出物,集體分離出乙烯與1-丁烯;及e)使在步驟d)分離的至少一部分乙烯與1-丁烯再循環至反應器內。
在最佳實施例中,步驟c)與步驟d)之間有催化劑組成去活化步驟。
原則上,未消耗的乙烯總量應再循環回反應器,以加強整體方法產率。由於在方法期間最好調整恆定的1-丁烯含量,是以需要淨化流。故利用淨化可排放部分乙烯。一旦反應器內達到較佳的1-丁烯液相濃度,即需淨化三聚化期間形成的1-丁烯量。因具高選擇性,特別係利用後述三聚化催化劑時,經由淨化損失的乙烯較少。
較佳地,反應器係泡塔反應器。
最佳地,利用淨化流,至少部分淨化步驟e)的乙烯與1-丁烯再循環流。
在最佳實施例中,達到寡聚化穩態,即反應器中具有恆定的1-丁烯含量。藉由各別調整伴隨反應器流出物移出反應器及在步驟e)中再循環至反應器的1-丁烯量,可達到恆定的1-丁烯含量,該含量較佳為自乙烯再循環淨化。
達製程穩態時,需將寡聚化期間形成的1-丁烯總量移出製程。否則,1-丁烯會進一步積聚而增加1-丁烯濃度。由於只有C4/C6分裂,故將1-丁烯移出製程的唯一可能方式為伴隨再循環乙烯移除。達穩態時,會形成恆定的1-丁烯量。此意指亦需取出恆定的再循環流量。因此,需淨化一部分的
再循環流。達穩態時的淨化流量為實質恆定。利用淨化流量,可調整反應器內的1-丁烯濃度和淨化流組成。例如,在高淨化流的情況下,製程需要大量組成/新鮮的乙烯,故再循環物大多由乙烯和少量1-丁烯組成。因此,較少的1-丁烯送回反應器,較多做為組成的純/新鮮乙烯稀釋反應器組成。故1-丁烯濃度將降低。較低淨化流的情形則相反。
由於再循環流可呈氣態和液態,故淨化流亦可呈氣態或液態。含量可由質量流量控制器控制。在再循環流送回反應器前於熱交換器凝結的情況下,在再循環流凝結前移除淨化流將更加有利。
更佳地,反應器內的1-丁烯量按反應器內的液體總量計為至少1重量%,又更佳為5重量%,再佳為10重量%,又再佳為25重量%。
較佳地,1-丁烯存於反應器內的最大量按反應器內的液體總量計為30重量%。原則上,可以想見有更高的1-丁烯含量,例如液相存有50重量%或甚至70重量%的最大量,在30巴的反應壓力下有可能達上述含量。
在最佳實施例中,因伴隨反應器流出物移出反應器的1-丁烯與在步驟e)中再循環至反應器的1-丁烯等量,故可達到寡聚化穩態。
步驟b)較佳係在10℃-100℃(較佳為30℃-70℃)及/或約10巴-100巴的壓力下進行。
在一個較佳實施例中,較佳係在寡聚化方法開始之初,將額外的1-丁烯從外來源供給至反應器。
更佳地,步驟d)係在低於步驟b)的反應壓力的壓力下進行分離。在此實施例中,將產物流送到分離區段前,使產物流(反應器流出物)減壓。如此可加強分離步驟。若分離區段(蒸餾塔)以較低壓力操作,則可降低投資與操作成本。再循環回反應器的C2+C4產物需再壓縮成反應壓力,或經液化及泵抽回反應器。
有利地,乙烯和1-丁烯可以液體形式再循環至反應器內。使用液體再循環流的優點為可用泵取代昂貴的壓縮機來處理再循環流。同時,可提升反應器的冷卻能力。反應器中的C2+C4流蒸發會移除大部分的放熱反應熱。因此,可減少冷卻反應器所需的乙烯氣體再循環。此同樣有益於方法的投資與操作成本。
較佳地,用於寡聚化的方法為三聚化作用,以實質製備1-己烯。
催化劑組成可包含催化劑,催化劑包含鉻化合物和具通式結構(A)R1R2P-N(R3)-P(R4)-N(R5)-H或(B)R1R2P-N(R3)-P(R4)-N(R5)-PR6R7的配基,其中R1-R7個別選自鹵素、氨基、三甲基矽基、C1-C10烷基、C6-C20芳基或(A)與(B)的任何環狀衍生物,其中PNPN-單元或PNPNP-單元的至少一P或N原子係環系統的一員,環系統利用取代由結構(A)或(B)的一或更多成分化合物形成。
應理解(A)與(B)的任何環狀衍生物皆可用作配基,其中PNPN-單元(結構(A))或PNPNP-單元(結構(B))的至少一P或N原子係一環員,環利用取代由結構(A)或(B)的一
或更多成分化合物形成,即形式上消除每成分化合物的兩個整個基團R1-R7(如定義者)或H、出自各基團R1-R7(如定義者)或整個基團R1-R7(如定義者)的一個原子或H和出自另一基團R1-R7(如定義者)的一個原子,及利用每成分化合物的一個共價鍵,結合形式上依此建構的價數不飽和位置,以提供和特定位置最初存有價數一樣的價數。
較佳地,鉻化合物選自Cr(II)或Cr(III)的有機鹽或無機鹽、配位錯合物和有機金屬錯合物,較佳為CrCl3(THF)3、乙醯丙酮酸鉻(III)、辛酸鉻(III)、六羰基鉻、鉻(III)-2-乙基己酸、苯(三羰基)鉻或氯化鉻(III)。
共催化劑可選自三甲基鋁、三乙基鋁、三異丙基鋁、三異丁基鋁、三氯三乙基化二鋁、二乙基氯化鋁、乙基二氯化鋁、甲基鋁氧烷(MAO)或上述物質混合物。
催化劑組成另可包含改質劑,改質劑含有有機或無機鹵化物。
更佳地,配基可選自Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(i-Pr)-H、Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(Ph)-H、Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(三級丁基)-H和Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(CH-(CH3)(Ph))-H。
原則上,最好可成功採用WO2009/006979 A2或EP 2 239 056 A1所述包括任何改質劑的任何催化劑組成,此內容一併附上供作參考。
最後,溶劑可選自芳族烴、直鏈與環形脂族烴和醚,較佳為甲苯、苯、乙苯、異丙苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、己烷、辛烷、環己烷、甲基環己烷、二乙醚、四氫呋喃和上述物質
混合物,最佳為甲苯。
驚人地發現,在本發明方法中,寡聚化期間產生的1-丁烯可成功用作「共溶劑」,以改善熱移除及將聚合物或高分子量化合物移出反應器。
詳細言之,由於寡聚化反應產生的C4量通常較少,特別係做為乙烯三聚化的副反應,因而試想設計無C2/C4分離步驟的分離區段。此意指在反應器後,將液體產物(反應器流出物)直接送到液體C4/C6分離塔。儘管原則上可只將部分1-丁烯再循環回反應器,但本發明的主要優勢為省去一個處理步驟,即C2/C4分裂。故為善用此優勢,需再循環實質所有未消耗乙烯和製得1-丁烯。雖然一些C4可能終止於C6餾分,但此會對1-己烯品質造成負面影響,所以最好不要發生,淨化流(特別係淨化速率)係將反應器內的1-丁烯濃度調整成最佳值的最佳選擇。較重產物和溶劑照常送到後續分離區段,在此回收溶劑及分離主要產物和1-己烯。
熟諳此技術者當明白,在極佳實施例中,本發明方法的步驟c)與步驟d)之間有催化劑去活化步驟。通常,為達該等目的,將反應器流出物排出反應器後,於產物/甲苯/催化劑溶液加入去活化劑。可以想見所有制定/揭示的去活化方法可用於此催化劑系統:醇、水、苛性鈉、空氣/O2、胺、CO/CO2。重要的是按相對催化劑與共催化劑的莫耳計量率加入去活化劑,即例如鉻催化劑和鋁烷基活化劑,即[催化劑]+[共催化劑]。此可確保催化劑完全去活化。否則分離塔可能有如烯烴異構化的副反應。最佳去活化劑為長鏈醇,特別係1-癸醇,
分離後,1-癸醇不會終止於預定產物1-己烯餾分或溶劑。
再者,使1-丁烯與乙烯混合物自第一分離步驟(C4/C6塔)的輕產物再循環回反應器。再循環流可從反應器頂部經由分配板或噴嘴注入/分配。或者,亦可從側邊注入到流體床。如此,1-丁烯(三聚化反應期間形成的副產物,1重量%至4重量%)將積聚於反應器。因此,液體反應相混合物主要為1-丁烯。相較於淨生產量僅為1重量%至4重量%,液體反應相混合物的1-丁烯含量為1重量%至30重量%。
1-丁烯通常係寡聚化(特別係三聚化)反應的副產物,所以必須排出製程。因此可能需要淨化流。淨化流較佳由10重量%至90重量%的1-丁烯組成,其餘主要為乙烯。淨化流例如可送回蒸汽裂解器,以回收乙烯和1-丁烯。若無裂解器,則可個別出售或積極使用此流。視情況而定,淨化流可用作鍋爐燃料。因催化劑非常有選擇性地產生1-己烯和僅僅少量的1-丁烯副產物,故經由淨化損失的乙烯較少。
反應器中的高1-丁烯含量對移除反應熱而言很有助益。利用再循環,使氣態乙烯和已蒸發1-丁烯凝結及再循環回反應器。故1-丁烯的蒸發焓可用於熱移除。如此可減少氣態乙烯流,氣態乙烯流亦可當作冷卻介質。
有趣的是,許多實驗室實驗顯示催化劑系統對基材乙烯非常有選擇性。此意指儘管液相中有大量1-丁烯,催化活性、1-己烯選擇性和1-己烯純度仍不受影響。此尤其驚人,因為底下金屬環化物機制相關的機制學指出,若反應混合物存有高濃度的1-丁烯,則有一定機率會惡化1-己烯選擇性。
然催化活性物種有很高的選擇性,故在此可完全避免此不良影響,高選擇性主要係具PNPNH-主幹特徵結構的最佳配基所致。
更驚人地,反應器中的高1-丁烯含量將大大改變聚合物流動行為。此意指一般像反應器內面上的黏著層一樣留在反應器內的大部分聚合物現可溶解及懸浮於產物流中。此意指反應器中的1-丁烯濃度越高,有越多聚乙烯副產物伴隨產物排放。
從後續實例可知,反應混合物中的C4含量越高,聚合物流動性越佳,且有越多此類不當材料伴隨液體產物排放。顯然高1-丁烯濃度會導致小片聚合物形成,此較不會在反應器壁或內部積聚及沉澱。藉由改善溶劑性質而得較小粒徑分布,可大力防止聚乙烯微粒聚集。故藉由提高穩態1-丁烯濃度,可延長直到需清潔反應器前的反應器運轉時間。
可以想見高濃度的輕烯烴會改變溶劑性質。原則上,溶劑性質明顯改善的新溶劑(溶劑+1-丁烯)現用於反應區段。此改變溶劑特性有助於形成更易在液體中懸浮的較小微粒。
總之,液相中有高1-丁烯含量可顯著增強反應器冷卻能力。利用再循環,當富含1-丁烯的氣相凝結及再循環至反應器時,1-丁烯的蒸發焓可用於冷卻。故可減少亦當作冷卻介質的氣態乙烯流。此係有利的,因如此可減少再壓縮和冷卻需求。
由於反應器冷卻可利用1-丁烯蒸發及注入冷乙烯達
成,故液相反應器無需熱交換表面。
利用本發明概念,將不再需要用於C2/C4分裂的蒸餾塔,是以可降低投資成本。又,乙烯再循環設備較小。
可延長反應器運轉時間。因聚合物副產物有較佳流動性,故可減少反應器結垢。如此可延長需清潔反應器前的間隔時間。
最後,因有高1-丁烯含量,故可改善製程對熱失控的穩定性。提高反應溫度會導致更多1-丁烯蒸發,從而移除更多熱。故系統在某一程度上有點自我抑制。
1‧‧‧催化劑系統
2‧‧‧溶劑
3‧‧‧反應器
4‧‧‧塔
5‧‧‧管線
6‧‧‧乙烯拋光
7‧‧‧分離
10‧‧‧催化劑
11‧‧‧溶劑
12‧‧‧乙烯
13‧‧‧反應器
14、15‧‧‧分離區段
16‧‧‧管線
17‧‧‧淨化流
18‧‧‧乙烯拋光
在配合參閱以下較佳實施例詳細說明和圖式後,將可獲知本發明方法的附加特徵和優點,其中:第1圖為用於乙烯寡聚化技術的習知製程流程圖;第2圖為根據本發明,用於乙烯寡聚化技術的示意圖;及第3圖為依據本發明方法,聚合物分布相應液相中的初始C4的曲線圖。
根據第1圖,第1圖圖示用於寡聚化乙烯的習知製程,將催化劑、溶劑和乙烯供給至反應器,在此進行寡聚化,例如三聚化。將包含溶劑、未反應乙烯、直鏈α-烯烴和催化劑的液體反應器流出物轉移到第一分離區段,以分離乙烯。使乙烯再循環回反應器,再循環的循環可包含乙烯拋光。使較重餾分循徑至第二和進一步的分離區段,以分離成不同餾
分,例如C4、C6、溶劑、C8、C10、C12。
根據本發明的方法,如第2圖所示,催化劑10、溶劑11和乙烯12亦供給至反應器13,以寡聚化(例如三聚化)乙烯。對照先前技術的方法,直接將反應器流出物送入C4/C6分離區段14,以自剩餘部分分離出乙烯和C4。乙烯和C4(至少部分)經由管線16再循環至反應器。再循環步驟可包括淨化流17和乙烯拋光18。如同先前技術,較重餾分可轉移到進一步分離區段15。
300毫升(ml)的壓力反應器裝配沉浸管、熱套管、氣體傳輸攪拌器、冷卻線圈、溫度、壓力與攪拌速度用控制單元(全連接至資料取得系統),並以乾燥氬氣惰性化。在天平上,使用鋁加壓氣瓶維持等壓乙烯供應,以利用電腦化資料取得系統,監測乙烯隨時間的消耗量。
進行實驗前,在減壓下加熱反應器達100℃,計數小時,以消除微量的水、氧氣和含氧雜質。反應前,讓反應器冷卻至反應溫度50℃。
在催化劑製備方面,將適量PNPNH-配基(14.7毫克的(Ph)2P-N(iPr)-P(Ph)-N(iPr)-H,Ph=苯基,iPr=異丙基)、鉻前驅物(Cr(acac)3,10.5毫克)和十二烷基三甲基氯化銨(CH3(CH2)11N(CH3)3Cl,63.5毫克)改質劑秤重及在惰性大氣中倒入Schlenk管。加入體積為50/100毫升的無水甲苯,及利用磁攪拌器,攪拌溶液。使鉻化合物、配基和改質劑溶解後,加入93重量%的所需三乙基鋁(AlEt3,100微升)。
隨即將溶液轉移到反應器。
選定體積和質量相當於鉻濃度為0.3/0.6毫莫耳/升,配基與鉻莫耳比為1.2莫耳/莫耳,Al/Cr比為24莫耳/莫耳,且Cl/Cr比為8莫耳/莫耳。
為研究乙烯再循環中的聚集氣體作用,以2升氣瓶擴大現有試驗架。為有效量化,將氣瓶儲放在天平上。開始反應前不久,即將預定1-丁烯量填充至反應器內。填充後,開啟攪拌器及打開乙烯供應,並加壓反應器達30巴。依需求供給乙烯,使壓力保持恆定為30巴。利用資料取得系統和電子天平,不斷秤重乙烯壓力氣瓶,以監測乙烯消耗量。利用GC-FID和天平的重量損失來量化及定性氣態與液體產物,以測定1-丁烯的給劑總量。利用製程模擬工具UniSim,計算液相中的1-丁烯重量。
在此程序後,使用不同的1-丁烯量和不同的甲苯體積來調整不同的甲苯/1-丁烯混合物比,以進行一連串三聚化反應。
經過1小時的滯留時間後,利用乙烯壓力,將液體存量轉移到填滿約100毫升水的玻璃容器,以平息液相中的反應。分別定量及利用GC-FID分析氣態與液體產物,然後比較乙烯攝入資料,以測定實驗的質量平衡。依據測量資料,測定整體產率和選擇性。
實驗結果列於表1。
表1:具不同1-丁烯量的實驗標準性能試驗(條件:50℃、30巴、1小時) 1)初始1-C4重量比係由UniSim(50/100毫升的甲苯和額外質量的1-丁烯,並且在30巴、50℃下以乙烯達飽和)測定。2)V甲苯=50毫升,[Cr]=0.6毫莫耳/升。
驚人地,儘管液體中有較高的1-丁烯含量,1-己烯產率仍很高。又,1-己烯純度(意指C6餾分中的1-C6含量)保持為99重量%,而未受高1-丁烯濃度影響。該等結果顯示,勻相乙烯三聚化催化劑有非凡的選擇性,此顯然有利於在類似與1-丁烯反應期間將乙烯進料併入產物。
但有趣又驚人的是,聚合物流動性行為會隨液相中的1-丁烯濃度大大改變。如第3圖所示,明顯在高C4含量時,聚合物較易流動且和液體產物一起排出反應器。
以上實施方式說明、申請專利範圍和附圖所述特徵可個別或結合使用,並且可以各種形式實現本發明。
10‧‧‧催化劑
11‧‧‧溶劑
12‧‧‧乙烯
13‧‧‧反應器
14、15‧‧‧分離區段
16‧‧‧管線
17‧‧‧淨化流
18‧‧‧乙烯拋光
Claims (20)
- 一種用於寡聚化乙烯之方法,該方法包含下列步驟:a)供給乙烯、溶劑和一催化劑組成至一反應器內,該催化劑組成包含催化劑與共催化劑;b)在該反應器中,寡聚化乙烯;c)將一反應器流出物排出該反應器,該反應器流出物包含包括1-丁烯的直鏈α-烯烴、溶劑、溶於該反應器流出物的未消耗乙烯和催化劑組成;d)自剩餘的該反應器流出物,集體分離出乙烯與1-丁烯;及e)使在該步驟d)中分離的至少一部分乙烯與1-丁烯再循環至該反應器內。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中利用一淨化流,至少部分淨化步驟e)的乙烯與1-丁烯再循環流。
- 如請求項1或請求項2所述之方法,其中該反應器內的1-丁烯量按該反應器內的液體總量計為至少1重量%。
- 如請求項3所述之方法,其中該1-丁烯量按該反應器內的液體總量計為至少5重量%。
- 如請求項4所述之方法,其中該1-丁烯量按該反應器內的液體總量計為至少10重量%。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中1-丁烯存於該反應器內的一最大量按該反應器內的液體總量計為30重量%。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中步驟b)係在10℃至100℃的一溫度及/或10巴至100巴的一壓力下進行。
- 如請求項7所述之方法,其中該溫度為30℃至70℃。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中在該寡聚化方法的開始之初,將額外的1-丁烯從一外來源供給至該反應器。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中步驟d)係在低於步驟b)的一反應壓力的一壓力下進行分離。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中乙烯和1-丁烯係以液體形式再循環至該反應器內。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該寡聚化係一三聚化作用。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該催化劑組成包含一催化劑,該催化劑包含一鉻化合物和具一通式結構(A)R1R2P-N(R3)-P(R4)-N(R5)-H或(B)R1R2P-N(R3)-P(R4)-N(R5)-PR6R7的一配基,其中R1-R7個 別選自鹵素、氨基、三甲基矽基、C1-C10烷基、C6-C20芳基或(A)與(B)的任何環狀衍生物,其中該PNPN-單元或該PNPNP-單元的P原子或N原子中的至少一者係一環系統的一員,該環系統利用取代由該等結構(A)或(B)的一或更多成分化合物形成。
- 如請求項13所述之方法,其中該鉻化合物是選自Cr(II)或Cr(III)的有機鹽或無機鹽、配位錯合物和有機金屬錯合物。
- 如請求項14所述之方法,其中該鉻化合物是選自CrCl3(THF)3、乙醯丙酮酸鉻(III)、辛酸鉻(III)、六羰基鉻、鉻(III)-2-乙基己酸、苯(三羰基)鉻或氯化鉻(III)。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該共催化劑是選自三甲基鋁、三乙基鋁、三異丙基鋁、三異丁基鋁、三氯三乙基化二鋁(ethylaluminumsesquichloride)、二乙基氯化鋁、乙基二氯化鋁、甲基鋁氧烷(MAO)或上述物質混合物。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該催化劑組成另包含一改質劑,該改質劑含有有機或無機鹵化物。
- 如請求項13所述之方法,其中該配基選自Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(i-Pr)-H、Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(Ph)-H、Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(三級丁基)-H和 Ph2P-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)-N(CH-(CH3)(Ph))-H。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該溶劑是選自芳族烴、直鏈與環形脂族烴、醚。
- 如請求項19所述之方法,其中該溶劑是選自甲苯、苯、乙苯、異丙苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、己烷、辛烷、環己烷、甲基環己烷、二乙醚、四氫呋喃和上述物質混合物。
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WO2014008964A8 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
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CN104661989A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
IN2014DN10972A (zh) | 2015-09-18 |
TW201406704A (zh) | 2014-02-16 |
CN104661989B (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
RU2616602C2 (ru) | 2017-04-18 |
BR112015000387B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
MX2015000216A (es) | 2015-04-10 |
CA2878634C (en) | 2019-07-16 |
BR112015000387A8 (pt) | 2019-02-19 |
KR101719221B1 (ko) | 2017-03-23 |
RU2015104130A (ru) | 2016-08-27 |
US9896392B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
ES2651154T3 (es) | 2018-01-24 |
WO2014008964A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
EP2684857A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
SG11201408518WA (en) | 2015-02-27 |
EP2872468B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
MX362715B (es) | 2019-01-25 |
EP2872468A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
CA2878634A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
US20150203418A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
JP6081590B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
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