CN115028508B - 一种pe生成量降低的乙烯四聚工艺 - Google Patents
一种pe生成量降低的乙烯四聚工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- B01J31/143—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of aluminium
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- B01J31/189—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms containing both nitrogen and phosphorus as complexing atoms, including e.g. phosphino moieties, in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种PE生成量降低的乙烯四聚工艺,具体涉及一种在不牺牲产物选择性和聚合活性的前提下降低其副产聚合物的方法。主要通过向体系中加入特定的金属螯合剂并控制PNP类型配体与含铬催化剂的配比,实现齐聚活性中心的稳定,并降低聚合以及其他副反应活性中心比例,达到降低副产聚合物的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于烯烃聚合领域,具体涉及一种在不牺牲产物选择性和聚合活性的基础上降低乙烯齐聚反应副产PE的方法。
背景技术
线性α-烯烃工业用途广泛,其低聚物可以用在增塑剂、脂肪酸以及润滑油添加剂等众多领域;其共聚物可以用来生产聚烯烃弹性体,用在鞋材、聚合物改性以及汽车等诸多领域。
线性α-烯烃的生产工艺主要有选择性齐聚和非选择性齐聚,传统的非选择性齐聚往往得到多组分的线性α-烯烃,呈正态分布特征,工业上根据需要分离单一组分或几种混合组分加以使用,分离工序复杂且目标产物(1-己烯和/或1-辛烯)的比例很难调控;而乙烯高选择性催化则生成单一的特定碳数的线性α-烯烃,最早由Sasol公司报道(CN100548946C),采用氮磷配位骨架的铬化合物为催化剂,在45℃和4.5MPa下催化乙烯四聚,生成1-己烯达16.6~32.7%,1-辛烯达44~67%。
而由于含铬催化剂的特殊性,使得乙烯齐聚的产品中不可避免的出现高碳数的液体产物甚至聚合物,这些副产聚合物会堵塞反应和输送系统,影响传质产热并降低分离效率。因此如何在不牺牲反应活性和选择性的基础上有效降低副产固体产物是一个极具挑战性和值得深入探索的课题,亟需解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种降低乙烯齐聚反应副产聚合物的方法,该方法可以在不牺牲产物选择性和聚合活性的基础上降低乙烯齐聚反应副产PE的含量。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种乙烯四聚方法,所述方法为在一定反应温度和反应压力下,乙烯在包含螯合剂、含铬催化剂和配体、烷基铝和有机溶剂体系中进行齐聚反应生成α-烯烃。
本发明中,所述反应温度控制在45~50℃,所述的反应压力控制在4.0~5.0MPaG。
本发明中,所述螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、次氨基三乙酸(NTA)、羟乙基二胺三乙酸(HEDTA)、葡萄糖酸中的一种或多种。
本发明中,所述烷基铝化合物选自三乙基铝、三异丁基铝、三辛基铝、甲基铝氧烷(MAO)和改性甲基铝氧烷(MMAO)中的一种或多种。
本发明中,所述含铬催化剂为金属铬盐的配合物,具体选自四氢呋喃三氯化铬、乙酰丙酮铬、2-乙基己酸铬和六羰基铬中的一种或多种。
本发明中,所述配体为骨架为膦氮膦结构的化合物,选自N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-异丙胺(iPr-PNP)、N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-叔丁胺(tBu-PNP)、N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-1,2-二甲基丙胺(1,2-DMP-PNP)、N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-环己胺(Cy-PNP)中的一种或多种。
本发明中,所述含铬催化剂与其相应配体的摩尔比为0.1-5,优选为0.5-1。
本发明中,所述有机溶剂选自正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二甲苯中的一种或多种。
本发明中,所述烷基铝化合物与含铬催化剂的摩尔比为10-1000,优选为200-600。
本发明中,所述含铬催化剂相对于溶剂的摩尔浓度为1-40umol/L,优选为10-20umol/L。
本发明中,所述螯合剂的相对于溶剂的加入量为1-20ppm,所述螯合剂与含铬催化剂的质量比为0.2-3。
众所周知,在乙烯齐聚反应中,真正起到催化作用的活性中心仅占总催化剂提供的活性中心的10%以下。而本发明采螯合剂作为第二配合物,一方面,可以稳定助催化剂和齐聚活性中心并降低PNP配体的使用量,防止PNP骨架烷基化后转变为PPN(Organometallics 2017,36,1640-1648)或其他类型骨架,造成活性中心种类的转变;另一方面,可以螯合过量的未起作用的铬盐,降低其单独催化乙烯生成PE的可能性,降低副产聚合物的产生;最后,螯合剂与铬催化剂络合配位,起到“缓释”的作用,使得体系的活性中心处于一个平衡的稳定状态,维持齐聚反应处于一个高活性状态。
与现有技术相比较,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明一方面降低了PNP类配体的用量,使得体系可以在高铬盐低配体条件下稳定发挥催化作用,在保持了催化活性的基础上降低了操作成本。
(2)本发明另一方面可以稳定现有的活性中心的种类和数目,降低副反应活性中心的产生比例,在保持齐聚活性的基础上降低了副产聚合物的生成,本发明中,所述的α-烯烃中1-辛烯的含量最高可达65~75%,PE组分含量小于0.4wt%,齐聚反应活性不低于600Kg/gCr。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例是对本发明所提供的技术方案予以进一步地说明,但本发明不限于所列出的实施例,还包括在本发明权利范围内其它任何公知的改变。
一、本发明所涉及到的原料信息如下:
表1原料来源及其规格
名称 | 规格 | 来源 |
乙酰丙酮铬 | 97% | 北京百灵威科技有限公司 |
2-乙基己酸铬 | 97% | 北京百灵威科技有限公司 |
N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-异丙胺 | 98% | 江苏欣诺科催化剂有限公司 |
N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-叔丁胺 | 98% | 江苏欣诺科催化剂有限公司 |
N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-1,2-二甲基丙胺 | 98% | 索尔维精细化工有限公司 |
N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-环己胺 | 98% | 索尔维精细化工有限公司 |
甲基环己烷 | AR | 阿拉丁生化科技有限公司 |
改性甲基铝氧烷(MMAO-3A) | 1.9mol/L | 阿克苏诺贝尔公司 |
乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) | 99% | 北京伊诺凯科技有限公司 |
二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA) | 99% | 北京伊诺凯科技有限公司 |
羟乙基二胺三乙酸(HEDTA) | 98% | 北京伊诺凯科技有限公司 |
葡萄糖酸 | 50% | 上海迈瑞尔化学技术有限公司 |
2-乙基-1-己醇 | 99% | 阿拉丁生化科技有限公司 |
二、本发明中样品的测试方法如下:
液相产物通过气相色谱来表征,从而获取液相各个产物的质量,固体产品通过分离干燥称重;
气相色谱的分析条件:进样品温度:250℃;柱箱温度:35℃;
升温程序:先在35℃下保持10分钟,然后以10℃/min的速率升至250℃,接着在250℃下保持10min,然后开始降温,直至室温;
检测器温度:250℃;载体:1.0Mpa;空气:0.03Mpa;氢气:0.03Mpa;
产物的表征以正壬烷作为内标物,进行表征,计算的方法如下:
式中的m1代表了某一种物质的质量,m为壬烷的质量,a1为这种物质在GC中测量出的峰面积,a为正壬烷在GC中测量出的峰面积。k为校正系数。
实施例1
将300mL的高压不锈钢反应釜加热至120℃,抽真空3h,期间氮气置换三次,然后抽真空并用氢气置换三次。待温度冷却至室温,向其中加入含有1ppm的EDTA(与催化剂质量比为0.2:1)的脱水脱氧的甲基环己烷98mL、0.3mL MMAO-3A和2mL预先配置好的摩尔浓度为0.5mmol/L的膦配体(N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-异丙胺)/铬盐(乙酰丙酮铬)催化剂溶液(配体与催化剂摩尔比为0.5:1)。通入氢气压力0.5Mpa,维持乙烯压力5.0MPa并在温度50℃和搅拌600rpm条件下反应45min。反应结束后,关闭乙烯进料阀,将温度降至10℃以下,压力降至常压,将产物转入含有过量2-乙基-1-己醇的淬灭罐进行淬灭以终止反应。将淬灭后的反应液进行抽滤,上清液进行GC分析,固体产物在80℃下的真空烘箱中干燥8h并称重。
实施例2
将300mL的高压不锈钢反应釜加热至120℃,抽真空3h,期间氮气置换三次,然后抽真空并用氢气置换三次。待温度冷却至室温,向其中加入含有6.8ppm的DTPA(与催化剂质量比为1:1)的脱水脱氧的甲基环己烷97mL、0.7mL MMAO-3A和3mL预先配置好的摩尔浓度为0.5mmol/L的膦配体(N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-1,2-二甲基丙胺)/铬盐(乙酰丙酮铬)催化剂溶液(配体与催化剂摩尔比为0.8:1)。通入氢气压力0.5Mpa,维持乙烯压力5.0MPa并在温度50℃和搅拌600rpm条件下反应30min。反应结束后,关闭乙烯进料阀,将温度降至10℃以下,压力降至常压,将产物转入含有过量2-乙基-1-己醇的淬灭罐进行淬灭以终止反应。将淬灭后的反应液进行抽滤,上清液进行GC分析,固体产物在80℃下的真空烘箱中干燥8h并称重。
实施例3
除了以6.8ppm的HEDTA替代1.0ppm的DTPA且将PNP配体与含铬催化剂的比例调整为1外,重复实施例2的剩余操作。
实施例4
除了将DTPA的添加量改为14ppm外,重复实施例2的剩余操作。
实施例5
除了将DTPA的添加量改为20ppm外,重复实施例2的剩余操作。
实施例6
将300mL的高压不锈钢反应釜加热至120℃,抽真空3h,期间氮气置换三次,然后抽真空并用氢气置换三次。待温度冷却至室温,向其中加入含有19ppm(与催化剂质量比为1.5:1)的DTPA的脱水脱氧的甲基环己烷97mL、0.4mL MMAO-3A和2mL预先配置好的摩尔浓度为1.0mmol/L的膦配体(N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-叔丁胺)/铬盐(2-乙基己酸铬)催化剂溶液(配体与催化剂摩尔比为1:1)。通入氢气压力0.5Mpa,维持乙烯压力5.0MPa并在温度50℃和搅拌600rpm条件下反应45min。反应结束后,关闭乙烯进料阀,将温度降至10℃以下,压力降至常压,将产物转入含有过量2-乙基-1-己醇的淬灭罐进行淬灭以终止反应。将淬灭后的反应液进行抽滤,上清液进行GC分析,固体产物在80℃下的真空烘箱中干燥8h并称重。
比较例1
除了不添加任何DTPA外,重复实施例2的剩余操作。
比较例2
除了将DTPA的添加量改为30ppm外,重复实施例2的剩余操作。
比较例3
除了将膦配体与催化剂的摩尔比改为0.3外,重复实施例2的剩余操作。
比较例4
除了将膦配体与催化剂的摩尔比改为2外,重复实施例2的剩余操作。
采用上述所示各方法得到的齐聚反应的组成如下表所示:
操作例 | 螯合剂 | 1-C6 | 1-C8 | Cy-C6H10 | Cy-C6H12 | PE | 活性 |
实施例1 | EDTA(1ppm) | 19.0% | 67.3% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 0.3% | 830 |
实施例2 | DTPA(6.8ppm) | 18.2% | 67.8% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 0.4% | 680 |
实施例3 | HEDTA(6.8ppm) | 17.9% | 68.4% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 0.4% | 650 |
实施例4 | DTPA(14ppm) | 18.2% | 69.5% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 0.3% | 730 |
实施例5 | DTPA(20ppm) | 18.5% | 69.7% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 0.2% | 710 |
实施例6 | DTPA(19ppm) | 36.9% | 51.4% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 0.2% | 650 |
比较例1 | 0 | 15.2% | 65.8% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 580 |
比较例2 | 30ppm | 15.1% | 63.8% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 1.3% | 270 |
比较例3 | DTPA(6.8ppm) | 17.2% | 65.8% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 0.6% | 570 |
比较例4 | DTPA(6.8ppm) | 16.2% | 64.8% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 0.5% | 650 |
注:活性的单位为Kg产物/g Cr。
从实施例可以看出:采用本发明的外加螯合剂作为添加剂,能够在保持齐聚反应高活性和选择性的基础上,降低副产聚合物和高碳数α-烯烃的生成,说明其能够稳定现有的齐聚活性中心并且抑制了其他活性中心的比例。而当外加螯合剂过多时,由于其络合能力太强或者起到淬灭作用,铬盐催化剂被牢牢“束缚”无法起到“缓释剂”的作用,使得催化剂无法起到催化作用,使得活性降低甚至失活并伴随着聚合物的增多。当膦配体与铬盐的摩尔比过少时,无法有效稳定齐聚活性中心,反应活性降低;当膦配体与铬盐的摩尔比过高时,尽管反应的活性尚能维持,但是产物的选择性明显降低,这可能是由于过量膦配体的PNP骨架转化成了PPN骨架,形成了其他类别的活性中心,导致产生其他副反应。
总之,以上所述仅为本发明的代表性实施例且仅用于阐述本发明,而并非对本发明的限制,对本发明的任何改进,包括各原料的等效替换与添加、连续或者间歇工艺的转换等均属于本发明的涵盖范围,此点本技术领域的相关人员应知悉。本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求书限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种乙烯四聚方法,其特征在于,所述方法为在一定反应温度和反应压力下,乙烯在包含螯合剂、含铬催化剂和配体、烷基铝和有机溶剂体系中进行齐聚反应生成α-烯烃,所述螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸、二乙基三胺五乙酸、次氨基三乙酸、羟乙基二胺三乙酸、葡萄糖酸中的一种或多种,所述含铬催化剂为金属铬盐的配合物,所述配体为骨架为膦氮膦结构的化合物,所述含铬催化剂与其相应配体的摩尔比为0.5-1,所述螯合剂的相对于溶剂的加入量为1-20ppm。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应温度控制在45~50℃,所述的反应压力控制在4.0~5.0MPaG。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述烷基铝化合物选自三乙基铝、三异丁基铝、三辛基铝、甲基铝氧烷和改性甲基铝氧烷中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述含铬催化剂具体选自四氢呋喃三氯化铬、乙酰丙酮铬、2-乙基己酸铬和六羰基铬中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述配体选自N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-异丙胺、N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-叔丁胺、N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-1,2-二甲基丙胺、N,N-双(二苯基膦基)-环己胺中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述烷基铝化合物与含铬催化剂的摩尔比为10-1000。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述烷基铝化合物与含铬催化剂的摩尔比为200-600。
8.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述含铬催化剂相对于溶剂的摩尔浓度为1-40umol/L。
9.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述含铬催化剂相对于溶剂的摩尔浓度为10-20umol/L。
10.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述螯合剂与含铬催化剂的质量比为0.2-3。
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