TWI573178B - 具有氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件於其上之矽基板以及於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法 - Google Patents

具有氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件於其上之矽基板以及於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法 Download PDF

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TWI573178B
TWI573178B TW100106854A TW100106854A TWI573178B TW I573178 B TWI573178 B TW I573178B TW 100106854 A TW100106854 A TW 100106854A TW 100106854 A TW100106854 A TW 100106854A TW I573178 B TWI573178 B TW I573178B
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gallium nitride
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鄭光茗
余俊磊
蔡俊琳
段孝勤
艾利克斯 卡尼斯基
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台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司
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Description

具有氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件於其上之矽基板以及於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法
本發明係關於於矽基板上之形成碳化矽結晶(SiC crystalline),且特別是關於形成一碳化矽結晶於一矽基板上以整合III-V族基元件(III-V based devices)與矽基元件(silicon-based devices)。
氮化鎵基材料(GaN-based materials)具有於電子、機械與化學等特性上之眾多優點,例如寬能隙、高崩潰電壓、高電子遷移率、大彈性模數(elastic modulus)、高壓電與壓阻係數(high piezoelectric and piezoresistive coefficients)等與化學鈍性。上述優點使得氮化鎵基材料可用於如高亮度發光二極體、功率開關元件、調節器、電池保護器、面板顯示驅動器、通訊元件等應用之元件的製作。
此外,於過去數十年中,矽基元件與電子方面的設計與製造的演進已使得矽基元件的微縮能力以及電路複雜度達到了一卓越程度。因此,於相一晶片上需較佳地整合氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件,藉以形成用於先進應用中之較佳功能與設計彈性。由氮化鎵基材料所製成之元件通常形成於藍寶石基板或碳化矽基板上。因此,本文中之發明便因應而生了。
本發明提供了具有氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件於其上之矽基板以及於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件 之方法
於一實施例中,本發明提供了一種矽基板,具有氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件於其上,包括:該氮化鎵基元件,位於一碳化矽結晶區之上,其中該碳化矽結晶區係形成於該矽基板之內;以及該矽基元件,位於一矽區之上,其中該矽區係鄰近於位於該矽基板上之該碳化矽區。
於另一實施例中,本發明提供了一種於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,包括:沈積一佈植停止層於該矽基板之上;圖案化該佈植停止層,以覆蓋該矽基板之數個區域並露出數個剩餘區;施行一離子佈植,以佈植碳進入該矽基板之該些剩餘區內;施行一回火,以於該些剩餘區內形成碳化矽結晶;形成氮化鎵基元件於於該些剩餘區域內之該碳化矽結晶之上;以及形成矽基元件於該矽基板之該些覆蓋區內,其中於形成該矽基元件之前已移除該佈植停止層。
於又一實施例中,本發明提供了一種於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,包括:沈積一佈植停止層於該矽基板之上;圖案化該佈植停止層,以覆蓋矽基板之數區並露出數個剩餘區;施行一離子佈植,以佈植碳進入該矽基板之該些剩餘區內,該離子佈植係於介於約500-900℃之一溫度下施行;形成該氮化鎵基元件於該些剩餘區域內之該碳化矽結晶上;以及形成矽基元件於該矽基板之該些覆蓋區內,其中於形成該矽基元件之前已先移除該佈植停止層。
為讓本發明之上述目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉一較佳實施例,並配合所附的圖式,作詳細說明如下:
可以理解的是於下文中提供了多個不同之實施例或範例以解說本發明之不同特徵。於下文中僅描述了構件與設置情形之特定範例以簡化本發明。此些描述僅作為範例之用而非用以限定本發明。此外,本發明於不同範例中可能使用重複之標號及/或文字。如此之重複情形係基於清楚與簡化之目的,而其並非用於顯示所討論之不同實施例及/或形態間的關聯性。
第1A圖顯示了依據本發明之部分實施例之一氮化鎵基金氧半導體高電子遷移率電晶體(GaN-based metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistor,MOS-HEMT)100。如第1圖所示,此電晶體100包括了一氮化鎵(GaN)層101、一氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)層102、一氧化鋁(Al2O3)閘介電層103、一源極接觸物104、一汲極接觸物105與一閘極106。於部份之其他實施例中,閘極106係直接地設置於氮化鋁鎵層102之上而不存在有氧化鋁閘介電層103。如第1B圖所示,顯示了依據本發明之部分實施例之不具有氧化鋁閘介電層的氮化鎵高電子遷移率電晶體100*。
閘極106係由一或多個導電材料所製成,如金屬或摻雜多晶矽(doped polysilicon)。形成閘極106材料之一範例為鎳/金(Ni/Au)。源極接觸物104與汲極接觸物105 亦可由如金屬之導電材料所製成。形成源極接觸物與汲極接觸物105之材料的一範例為鈦/鋁(Ti/Al)。氮化鎵層101係成長於碳化矽或藍寶石之一基板110之上。於部份實施例中,於氮化鎵層101與基板110之間存在有一緩衝層120。於某些元件中並不存在有此緩衝層120。此緩衝層120可改善氮化鎵的成長及其品質。緩衝層120亦可稱為一成核層(nucleation layer)。形成緩衝層120的材料之一範例為氮化鎵與氮化鋁鎵之組合。形成緩衝層120的材料之另一範例為氮化鋁(AlN)。
由於碳化矽與藍寶石之基板皆為結晶態固體,且其製作極為昂貴。再者,純的碳化矽與藍寶石之基板的尺寸相對為小。舉例來說,其可為2、3、4或6英吋。反之,矽基板可為12英吋或更大。此外,純的碳化矽或藍寶石之基板並不適用用於矽基元件於互補型金氧半導體(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor,CMOS)製程。
於碳化矽之基板與藍寶石之基板的比較中,相較於藍寶石之基板,碳化矽之基板可具有較佳之導熱性與電子傳導率。此外,其可較藍寶石基板忍受較高之溫度。因此,較佳地形成氮化鎵基元件於碳化矽基板之上。然而,如高成本、小基板尺寸及無法適用CMOS製程等關於碳化矽基板之前述問題仍舊無法得到解決。
倘若位於氮化鎵基元件之下的碳化矽結晶可形成於矽基板之上,此兩種類型元件的整合便可簡單許多。此外,由於矽基板的尺寸為相對大的,如8吋、12吋與未來使用的18吋,因此碳化矽基板的小尺寸問題(僅碳化矽 而已)則可獲得解決。第2A-2C圖顯示了依據本發明之部份實施例之一矽基板200於經歷了形成碳化矽結晶物於矽基板上之一製程順序之剖面圖式。第2A圖顯示了形成一佈植停止(implant stop)層210於矽基板200之上,而此佈植停止層210覆蓋了基板之一部。此佈植停止層210可由一或多個介電材料所製成,且其可為單一膜層或一複合膜層。於部份實施例中,此佈植停止層可由二氧化矽製成。此佈植停止層210之所需厚度則依照形成碳化矽之佈植能量而定。於部份實施例中,佈植停止層210的厚度約介於100-5000埃。於部份之其他實施例中,佈植停止層210為由一個以上介電層所形成之一複合膜層。舉例來說,此佈植停止層210包括具有介於約50-1000埃之一厚度之一氧化物層以及具有介於300-5000埃之一厚度之一氮化物層。於其他實施例中,此佈植停止層210由阻劑所形成。於部份實施中,佈植停止層210係由如電漿加強型化學氣相沈積之化學氣相沈積所沈積。此佈植停止層210係經過圖案化,以覆蓋矽基板之一部並露出了用於碳佈植之剩餘部。
第2B圖顯示了依據本發明之部分實施例之碳離子215經引導而朝向基板200之表面前進。部份之碳離子經過佈植而進入了未為佈植停止層210所覆蓋之矽基板之部分內。碳經過佈植而進入了矽基板之佈植區220內。於部份實施例中,佈植區220的厚度約介於1-8微米。碳原子係藉由離子佈植而離子佈植進入於矽基板內。依據本發明之部份實施例,碳離子佈植之佈植能量約介於 20KeV-800KeV。依據本發明之部份實施例,碳佈植之劑量約介於1E16-1E19原子/平方公分。
上述碳佈植可採用於每一步驟中使用不同佈植能量之多重步驟所施行,以形成佈植區220。於佈植中,此矽基板可處於不同溫度之下。於部份實施例中,於碳離子佈植時,基板200之溫度可維持於室溫至150℃(冷佈植)之一範圍。此基板200會經歷一回火程序,以轉換位於矽基板內經佈植的碳成為碳化矽結晶(SiC crystal)。於其他實施例中,基板200的溫度可處於介於500-900℃(熱佈植)之一範圍。由於經佈植進入矽基板之碳係處如介於500-900℃之一相對高溫度下,因此可於熱離子佈植中於經佈植基板內之某些區域內形成碳化矽結晶,如此可於回火之後改善了碳化矽基板的品質。
依據本發明之部分實施例,於碳離子佈植之後,基板200經過回火後自經佈植的碳及其鄰近之矽網絡處形成了碳化矽結晶。當碳係由熱離子佈植所佈植,則可省略回火操作。然而,當碳係於如於介於室溫至150℃之一低溫下佈植時,便需要施行回火程序以形成碳化矽結晶。於部份實施例中,回火溫度約介於900-1200℃。此回火可於一快速熱活火製程設備中施行,例如於快速熱回火、快閃回火(flash annealing)、雷射回火或爐管之一設備中施行。於部份實施例中,回火時間約介於2-45分鐘。於其他之部份實施例中,回火時間約介於約30分鐘至4小時。當回火溫度更高時,則可縮短回火時間。回火溫度與時間係由所施行之離子佈植的溫度而決定。熱 離子佈植可於佈植時形成部份之碳化矽。因此,可因而降低回火時間與溫度。於部份實施例中,此回火的施行係於如氬氣或氦氣之一鈍氣的存在下進行。
於回火之後,於佈植停止層210下方鄰近於矽區域230之區域220’內便形成了碳化矽結晶。由於插入有碳原子,此區域220’可稍微大於區域220。氮化鎵基材料可沈積於區域220’內的碳化矽之上,以形成氮化鎵基元件。此矽區域230可用於沈積材料,以形成矽基元件。第3A-3E圖顯示了依據本發明之部分實施例之一矽基板200所經歷之形成氮化鎵基與矽基元件之一製程的剖面情形。第3A圖顯示了具有由碳化矽結晶所構成之一區域220之一矽基板200。基板200亦具有為一介電層225所覆蓋之一區域230。於部份實施例中,此介電層225係由具有約介於100-5000埃之一厚度的氧化物所製成。亦可使用其他之介電材料。介電層225係用於保護區域230內之矽表面。於部份實施例中,介電層225係為前述之佈植停止層210。
如第3B圖所示,依據部份實施例,接著沈積一緩衝層240於碳化矽結晶區220的表面上。此緩衝層240可由藉由如金屬有機化學氣相沈積(MOCVD)、金屬有機氣相磊晶(MOVPE)、電漿加強型化學氣相沈積(PECVD)、遙控電漿加強型化學氣相沈積(RP-CVD)、分子束磊晶(MPE)、氫化物氣相磊晶(HVPE)、液相磊晶(LPE)、氯的氣相磊晶(chloride VPE)或相似方法所形成之一III-N族基材料、一金屬氮化物、一金屬碳化物、一金屬碳氮化 物、一純金屬、一金屬合金、含矽材料或相似物。緩衝層240之材料的範例包括了GaN、InN、AlN、InGaN、AlGaN、AlInN、AlInGaN及相似物。如前所述,緩衝層240可包括數個膜層,例如為數個AlN膜層與數個摻雜矽之GaN膜層依照交錯方式堆疊而成。緩衝層240可摻雜有一p型或一n型摻質,或大體未經過摻雜。其結果為,緩衝層240可為p型、n型或大體中性(neutral)。於部份實施例中,緩衝層240之沈積溫度約介於200-1200℃。
於沈積緩衝層240之後,於緩衝層240之上沈積之氮化鎵(GaN)層250。形成氮化鎵層250之方法可包括金屬有機化學氣相沈積(MOCVD)、金屬有機氣相磊晶(MOVPE)、分子束磊晶(MPE)、氫化物氣相磊晶(HVPE)、液相磊晶(LPE)、氯的氣相磊晶(chloride VPE)或相似方法。依據不同實施例,氮化鎵層的厚度約介於0.8-5微米。於部分實施例中,氮化鎵層250之沈積溫度係介於約200-1200℃。
如第3B圖所示,依據部分實施例,接著沈積一氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)層260於氮化鎵層250之上。氮化鋁鎵層260可由金屬有機化學氣相沈積(MOCVD)、金屬有機氣相磊晶(MOVPE)、分子束磊晶(MPE)、氫化物氣相磊晶(HVPE)、液相磊晶(LPE)、氯的氣相磊晶(chloride VPE)或相似方法所形成。依據本發明之部份實施例,氮化鋁鎵層的厚度約介於10-1000奈米。如第3C圖所示,依據本發明之部分實施例,於沈積氮化鋁鎵層260之後,沈 積一保護介電層270。保護介電層270可由氧化物、氮化物、氮氧化物或其他適當介電材料所形成。保護介電層270係於形成矽基金氧半導體場效應電晶體(MOSFETs)時以保護氮化鎵基材料。膜層240、250、260與270的形成係與圖案化與蝕刻有關,以移除此些膜層免於使之沈積於介電層225之上。於部分實施例中,氮化鋁鎵層260之沈積溫度約介於200-1200℃。
於形成保護介電層270之後,自基板上移除介電層225以露出矽區域230。於部分實施例中,介電層225的移除關於數個膜層的移除,例如為移除沈積於區域230上之膜層240、250、260與270等。上述移除係關於圖案化與蝕刻。如第3C圖所示,依據本發明之部分實施例,接著於區域230之上形成一金氧半導體場效應電晶體(下稱MOSFET)300。依據本發明之部分實施例,MOSFET 300包括了一閘介電層301、一閘極302、間隔物303、源極與汲極區304及隔離結構305。隔離結構305可為場氧化物或淺溝槽隔離物。
如第3D圖所示,依據本發明之部分實施例,於形成MOSFET 300後,矽區域230以及如MOSFET 300之元件係為一保護介電層310所覆蓋。保護介電層310可由氧化物、氮化物、氮氧化物或其他適當材料所製成。保護介電層310係用於保護矽表面與如MOSFET 300之元件。接著形成閘極316、源極接觸物314與汲極接觸物315於氮化鋁鎵層260之上。於部分實施例中,閘極316與源極接觸物314及汲極接觸物315係由不同材料所製 成。如第3D圖所示,於閘極316與源極接觸物314及汲極接觸物315形成之後,形成氮化鎵高電子遷移率電晶體(下稱氮化鎵HEMT)350。
於形成氮化鎵HEMT 350後,接著形成適用於MOSFET 300與氮化鎵HEMT 150之內連物。如第3E圖所示,依據本發明之部分實施例,形成第一金屬(metal 1)層325與接觸物以接觸閘極302以及源極/汲極區304、305。於形成第一金屬層325與接觸物320後,氮化鎵HEMT 350與露出之氮化鎵基材料可為一保護介電層所覆蓋。可接著形成第二金屬(metal 2)層335與介層物330以接觸矽區與閘極316內之第一金屬層、氮化鎵HEMT 350之源極接觸物314/汲極接觸物315。第二金屬層335與介層物330可藉由單或雙之鑲嵌製程所形成。可於第二金屬層335之上形成額外之內連層以形成額外之內連物。此內連結構係為一或多個介電膜層352所隔離。
如前所述,於形成元件300與350時,矽區230與碳化矽區220係交互地被覆蓋以保護其中一區域免於受到另一區域中所使用之製程操作的影響。而製程順序則可依照熱相容性、佈植擴散以及污染等考量而決定。
上述之氮化鎵基元件結構100、100*、350以及矽基元件結構300僅作為範例之用。具有不同膜層之其他類型氮化鎵基元件以及其他類型之矽基元件亦可用於位於一矽基板上之一混合碳化矽/矽區域以形成並整合氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之混合情形。於第3A-3E圖所示之製程順序亦僅作為一範例之用。亦可使用其他之製程順序。
雖然於本處的實施例中描述了於矽基板上形成氮化矽結晶物之機制適用於形成氮化鎵基元件。此些實施例中亦可施行以形成由其他類型之III-V化合物材料所構成之元件。
前述之於矽基板上形成氮化矽結晶物之機制使得氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件得以形成並整合於一相同基板上。碳化矽結晶區係藉由佈植碳於基板之矽區域中且接著回火基板而形成。於形成碳化矽結晶區時,可使用一佈植停止層以覆蓋矽元件區。
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此項技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100、100*‧‧‧氮化鎵基金氧半導體高電子遷移率電晶體
101‧‧‧氮化鎵(GaN)層
102‧‧‧氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)層
103‧‧‧氧化鋁(Al2O3)閘介電層
104‧‧‧源極接觸物
105‧‧‧汲極接觸物
106‧‧‧閘極
110‧‧‧基板
120‧‧‧緩衝層
200‧‧‧基板
210‧‧‧佈植停止層
215‧‧‧碳離子
220‧‧‧佈植區
220’‧‧‧鄰近於區域230之區域
225‧‧‧介電層
230‧‧‧區域
240‧‧‧緩衝層
250‧‧‧氮化鎵層
260‧‧‧氮化鋁鎵層
270‧‧‧保護介電層
300‧‧‧金氧半導體場效應電晶體
301‧‧‧閘介電層
302‧‧‧閘極
303‧‧‧間隔物
304‧‧‧源極與汲極區
305‧‧‧隔離結構
310‧‧‧保護介電層
314‧‧‧源極接觸物
315‧‧‧汲極接觸物
316‧‧‧閘極
320‧‧‧接觸物
325‧‧‧第一金屬層
330‧‧‧介層物
335‧‧‧第二金屬層
350‧‧‧氮化鎵高電子遷移率電晶體
352‧‧‧介電膜層
第1A圖顯示了依據本發明之部分實施例之一氮化鎵基金氧半導體高電子遷移率電晶體(GaN-based MOS-HEMT)之剖面情形;第1B圖顯示了依據本發明之部分實施例之一氮化鎵基金氧半導體高電子遷移率電晶體之剖面情形;第2A-2C圖顯示了依據本發明之部份實施例中之一矽基板於經歷了於此矽基板上之形成碳化矽結晶之一系列製程之剖面情形;以及第3A-3E圖顯示了依據本發明之部份實施例之一矽基板200於經歷了形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之一系列製程之剖面情形。
200‧‧‧基板
220‧‧‧佈植區
230‧‧‧區域
240‧‧‧緩衝層
250‧‧‧氮化鎵層
260‧‧‧氮化鋁鎵層
270‧‧‧保護介電層
300‧‧‧金氧半導體場效應電晶體
301‧‧‧閘介電層
302‧‧‧閘極
303‧‧‧間隔物
304‧‧‧源極與汲極區
305‧‧‧隔離結構

Claims (6)

  1. 一種於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,包括:沈積一佈植停止層於該矽基板之上;圖案化該佈植停止層,以覆蓋該矽基板之數個區域並露出數個剩餘區;施行一離子佈植,以佈植碳進入該矽基板之該些剩餘區內;施行一回火,以於該些剩餘區內形成碳化矽結晶;形成氮化鎵基元件於該些剩餘區域內之該碳化矽結晶之上;以及形成矽基元件於為圖案化之該佈植停止層所覆蓋之該些區域內,其中於形成該矽基元件之前已移除該佈植停止層。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,其中該離子佈植係於介於500-900℃或介於室溫至150℃之一溫度下施行。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,其中該回火係於介於900-1200℃之一溫度下施行,而該回火係採用施行擇自由快速熱回火、快閃回火、雷射回火與爐管回火所組成族群之一回火設備所施行。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,其中經佈植之該碳的劑量介於1E16-1E19原子/平方公分。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,其中該離子佈植係於具有佈植能量介於20-800KeV之多重步驟中施行。
  6. 一種於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法,包括:沈積一佈植停止層於該矽基板之上;圖案化該佈植停止層,以覆蓋矽基板之數區並露出數個剩餘區;施行一離子佈植,以佈植碳進入該矽基板之該些剩餘區內,該離子佈植係於介於500-900℃之一溫度下施行;形成該氮化鎵基元件於該些剩餘區域內之該碳化矽結晶上;以及形成矽基元件於為圖案化之該佈植停止層所覆蓋之該些區域內,其中於形成該矽基元件之前已先移除該佈植停止層。
TW100106854A 2010-09-14 2011-03-02 具有氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件於其上之矽基板以及於矽基板上形成氮化鎵基元件與矽基元件之方法 TWI573178B (zh)

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