TWI568966B - 嵌燈式固定架 - Google Patents
嵌燈式固定架 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
- F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
- F21S8/026—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters intended to be recessed in a ceiling or like overhead structure, e.g. suspended ceiling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
- F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
- F21V29/745—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades the fins or blades being planar and inclined with respect to the joining surface from which the fins or blades extend
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
- F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
- F21V29/75—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with fins or blades having different shapes, thicknesses or spacing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
- F21V7/24—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
- F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
- F21V7/30—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
- F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
- F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
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- F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
- F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
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- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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Description
本發明係關於照明嵌燈,且更特別地,係關於非常適合於用於固態照明源(諸如,發光二極體(LED,light emitting diode))之間接式照明嵌燈。
嵌燈式固定架普遍存在於全世界之商業辦公及工業空間中。在許多情況下,此等嵌燈容納有橫跨嵌燈之長度的細長螢光燈泡。嵌燈可安裝至天花板或自天花板懸掛下來。通常,嵌燈可凹入至天花板中,使嵌燈之背面突出至天花板上方之通風區域中。典型地,在嵌燈背面上之元件將由光源產生的熱耗散至通風區域中,而在該通風區域中,空氣可循環以促進冷卻機制。Bell等人之美國專利第5,823,663號及Schmidt等人之美國專利第6,210,025號為典型的嵌燈式固定架之實例。
近來,隨著高效固態照明源之出現,此等嵌燈已用於(例如)LED。LED為將電能轉換成光、且大體上包含有插入於相反摻雜的半導體層之間的半導體材料之一或多個作用區的固態裝置。當在摻雜層施加偏壓時,將電洞及電子注入至作用區中,而在該作用區中,兩者再結合以產生光。光係在作用區中產生,且自LED之表面發射。
LED具有某些特性,此等特性使其對於先前為白熾燈或螢光燈之領域的許多照明應用為合意的。白熾燈為能效極低之光源,其消耗之電力的約90%係以熱而非光之形式釋放。螢光燈泡的能效比白熾燈泡大了大約10倍,但仍相對低效。相比之下,LED可使用小部分能量來發射與白熾燈及螢光燈相同之光通量。
另外,LED可具有顯著較長的操作壽命。白熾燈泡具有相對較短的壽命,其中一些具有在約750小時至1000小時之範圍內的壽命。螢光燈泡亦可具有比白熾燈泡長的壽命,諸如在約10,000小時至20,000小時之範圍內,但提供較不合意的色彩重現。比較起來,LED可具有在50,000小時與70,000小時之間的壽命。LED之增加的效率及延長的壽命,對於許多照明供應商而言極具吸引力,且導致在許多不同應用中將其LED燈用於代替習知的照明。預測到,進一步的改良將導致其在愈來愈多的照明應用中得到普遍接受。採用LED代替白熾或螢光照明之增加,將導致增加的照明效率及顯著的能量節約。
已開發出其他LED組件或燈,其包含安裝至PCB、基板、或子基板的多個LED封裝之陣列。該LED封裝陣列可包含發射不同色彩的LED封裝之群組、及用以反射由LED晶片所發射的光的鏡面反射器系統。此等LED組件中之一些被配置成為產生由不同LED晶片所發射的光之白光組合。
為了產生所要的輸出色彩,有時需要混合較易於使用常見半導體系統而產生的光之色彩。特別重要的是,產生用於日常照明應用中之白光。習知LED無法自其作用層產生白光;白光必須自其他色彩之組合來產生。舉例而言,已使用發射藍光的LED,而藉由用黃色磷光體、聚合物、或染料環繞藍色LED來產生白光,其典型的磷光體為摻鈰的釔鋁石榴石(Ce:YAG)。其周圍的磷光體材料「降頻轉換」(down convert)藍光中之一些,將其改變為黃光。藍光中之一些穿過磷光體而不改變,但該光之大部分被降頻轉換成黃光。LED發射藍光及黃光,該兩種光組合而得到白光。
以另一已知方法,已藉由用多色磷光體或染料環繞發射紫光或紫外線的LED,而將來自該LED的光轉換成白光。實際上,已使用許多其他色彩組合來產生白光。
由於各種來源元件之實體配置,多色源通常會投射具有色分離的陰影,且提供具有不良色彩均一性的輸出。舉例而言,以藍色及黃色源為特徵的來源在迎面觀看時可表現得具有藍色色調,且在自側面觀看時表現得具有黃色色調。因此,與多色光源相關聯的一個挑戰,為在整個視角範圍內之良好的空間色彩混合。解決色彩混合之問題的一種已知方法,為使用漫射體來使來自各種來源的光散射。
改良色彩混合之另一種已知方法,為在光自燈發射之前使其反射或回射離開若干表面。此情形具有使所發射的光與其初始發射角分離的效果。均一性典型地會隨著回射次數增加而改良,但,每一次回射皆具有相關聯的光學損失。一些應用使用了中間漫射機構(例如,所形成的漫射體及紋理化的透鏡),以混合光之各種色彩。許多此等裝置中為有損耗的,且因此,以裝置之光學效率為代價來改良色彩均一性。
許多當前的照明器具設計利用了前項LED組件,其鏡面反射器安置於LED後面。與多源照明器具相關聯的一個設計挑戰,為摻合來自照明器具內之LED源的光,使得個別來源對於觀測者而言為不可見的。亦使用了強漫射性元件來混合來自各種來源的色彩光譜,以達成均一的輸出色彩概況。為了摻合諸來源及有助於色彩混合,已使用了強漫射性出射窗。然而,穿過此等強漫射性材料之透射造成了顯著的光學損失。
一些近來的設計已併入有間接照明方案,其中,LED或其他來源指向不同於既定發射方向的方向。舉例而言,此舉可用以促使光與諸如漫射體之類的內部元件相互作用。間接固定架之一個實例可見於Van de Ven之美國專利第7,722,220號中,該案與本申請案為相同受讓渡人。
現代照明應用通常需要高功率LED,以獲得增加的亮度。高功率LED會汲取大電流,從而產生大量之熱,此等熱則必須加以管理。許多系統利用了必須與發熱光源形成良好熱接觸的散熱件。嵌燈式固定架通常自該固定架之延伸至通風區域中的背面耗散熱。因為在現代結構中通風空間減小,故而此情形提出了挑戰。此外,通風區域中之溫度通常比天花板下方之室內環境高幾度,從而使得熱更難以逸散至通風周圍環境中。
一種光引擎單元之個具體實例包含以下元件。本體包含有在該本體之表面上的一個背面反射器。散熱件被安裝於該背面反射器附近。該散熱件包含一個面朝該背面反射器的安裝表面。該安裝表面能夠使至少一個光發射器安裝至其上。該散熱件與該本體之間的區域界定出一個內部空腔。
本發明之具體實例之照明嵌燈包含以下元件。盤狀結構包含有內反射表面。本體被安裝於該盤狀結構內側,使得該內反射表面環繞著該本體。背面反射器被安置於該本體之表面上。細長的散熱件被安裝於該背面反射器附近,且沿該本體之中心區縱向地延伸。複數個發光二極體(LED)被安置於該散熱件之面朝該背面反射器的安裝表面上。數個透鏡板被配置於該散熱件之每一側上,且自該散熱件延伸至該背面反射器,以使得該背面反射器、該散熱件、及該等透鏡板界定出一個內部空腔。
根據本發明之具體實例之照明單元包含以下元件。背面反射器包含有沿著該背面反射器縱向地延伸的隆凸區、及在該隆凸區之一側上的第一側部區。散熱件被安裝於該背面反射器附近,而該散熱件包含有一個面朝該背面反射器的安裝表面。散熱件與本體之間的區域界定出一個內部空腔。複數個光發射器被安置於該安裝表面上,且用在朝該背面反射器發射光。
本發明之具體實例提供一種嵌燈式固定架,尤其適合用於固態光源,諸如LED。該嵌燈包含有在周邊上由反射盤所環繞的光引擎單元。背面反射器界定出光引擎之反射表面。為了促進非所要的熱能自光源耗散離開,故將散熱件安置於背面反射器附近。在一些具體實例中,一或多個透鏡板自散熱件向外延伸至背面反射器。一個內部空腔至少係部分地由背面反射器、諸透鏡板、及散熱件所界定。散熱件之一部分曝露於該空腔外部之周圍環境。散熱件之在該空腔內側的部分係充當為光源之安裝表面,從而造成自諸來源至周圍環境的有效散熱路徑。沿著散熱件安裝表面而安置的一或多個光源,將光發射至內部空腔中,在其中,在自嵌燈發射以作為可用光之前,光可被混合及/或造形。
因為LED源在與其他光源比較時為相對強烈的,所以,其若未得到適當漫射,便會造成不舒適的工作環境。使用T8燈泡的螢光燈通常具有約21流明/平方吋(lm/in2)之表面亮度(surface luminance)。當前許多高輸出LED固定架具有約32流明/平方吋之表面亮度。本發明之一些具體實例被設計成提供不大於約32流明/平方吋之表面亮度。其他具體實例被設計成提供不大於約21流明/平方吋之表面亮度。另外的其他具體實例被設計成提供不大於約12流明/平方吋之表面亮度。
一些螢光固定架具有6吋之深度,雖然,在許多現代應用中,固定架深度已減小至約5吋。為了適合於最大數目的現存天花板設計,本發明之一些具體實例被設計成具有5吋或5吋以下之固定架深度。
本發明之具體實例被設計成有效地產生視覺上令人愉悅之輸出。一些具體實例被設計成在功效不小於約65流明/瓦特(lm/W)之情況下進行發射。其他具體實例被設計成具有不小於約76流明/瓦特之發光功效。另外的其他具體實例被設計成具有不小於約90流明/瓦特之發光功效。
供安裝於不小於約4平方呎之天花板空間中的凹入內嵌式固定架之一個具體實例,被設計成達成至少88%之總光學效率,其最大表面亮度不大於32流明/平方吋,最大亮度梯度不大於5:1。總光學效率被定義為自光源發射的光之自固定架實際發射的百分數。其他類似的具體實例被設計成達成不大於24流明/平方吋之最大表面亮度。另外的其他類似具體實例被設計成達成不大於3:1之最大亮度梯度。在此等具體實例中,固定架之實際室內側面積輪廓因以下事實而將為約4平方呎或4平方呎以上:固定架必須裝配於具有至少4呎之面積的天花板開口(例如,2呎乘2呎之開口、1呎乘4呎之開口等等)內側。
本文中參考轉換材料、波長轉換材料、磷光體、磷光體層、及相關術語來描述本發明之具體實例。此等術語之使用不應被理解為限制性的。應理解,術語「磷光體」或「磷光體層」之使用,意在包含所有波長轉換材料,且同等地適用於所有波長轉換材料。
應理解,當一元件被稱為「在」另一元件「上」,其可直接位在另一元件上,或者,亦可存在有中介的元件。此外,諸如「內」、「外」、「上」、「上方」、「下」、「在……之下」及「下方」之相對術語及類似術語,在本文中可用以描述一元件與另一元件之關係。應理解,此等術語亦意在涵蓋除圖中所描繪之定向外的裝置之不同定向。
雖然本文中可使用序數術語第一、第二等等來描述各種元件、組件、區域、及/或區段,但此等元件、組件、區域,及/或區段不應受此等術語限制。此等術語僅用以區分一個元件、組件、區域、或區段與另一元件、組件、區域、或區段。因此,除非另有明確敍述,否則在不偏離本發明之教示的情況下,下文所論述之第一元件、組件、區域、或區段,可被稱為第二元件、組件、區域、或區段。
如本文中所使用,術語「來源」(source)可用以指示單一的光發射器、或充當為單一來源的一個以上之光發射器。舉例而言,該術語可用以描述單一的藍色LED,或者,其可用以描述作為單一來源而發射的接近的紅色LED及綠色LED。因此,除非另有清楚敍述,否則術語「來源」不應被理解為指示單一元件或多元件組態之限制。
如本文中參考光所使用,術語「色彩」意在描述具有特性平均波長的光;其並非意在將光限於單一波長。因此,具有特定色彩(例如,綠色、紅色、藍色、黃色等)的光包括聚攏在特定平均波長周圍的波長範圍。
在本文中,參照作為圖解說明的剖面圖,來描述本發明之具體實例。因而,元件之實際厚度可為不同的,且預期了由於(例如)製造技術及/或容差而引起的相對於說明之形狀的變化。因此,諸圖中所說明之元件本質上為示意性的,而且,其形狀非意欲說明裝置之區域之精確形狀,且非意欲限制本發明之範疇。
圖1為本發明具體實例之嵌燈100之自底側觀看的立體透視圖。嵌燈100包含光引擎單元102,其係裝配於環繞著光引擎102之周邊的反射盤104內。本文中詳細論述光引擎102及盤104。嵌燈100可自天花板懸掛下來、或裝配安裝於天花板內。圖1中嵌燈100之視圖係來自嵌燈100下方的區域,亦即,將由容納於嵌燈100內之光源所照亮的區域。
圖2為嵌燈100之自頂側觀看的立體透視圖。該嵌燈可安裝於天花板中,使得盤104之邊緣與天花板平面齊平。以此組態,嵌燈100之頂部部分將突出至天花板上方之通風區域中。嵌燈100被設計成具有減小的高度輪廓,使得後端僅延伸至通風區域中一小段距離(例如,4.25吋至5吋)。在其他具體實例中,嵌燈可延伸至通風區域中較長距離。
圖3為嵌燈100之剖面圖。如所示,光引擎102被安裝成裝配於盤104內。在此具體實例中,盤104之底部邊緣被安裝成使其與天花板平面齊平。圖中僅展示盤104之反射底面106。應理解,盤104之頂部部分可採用達成特定輪廓所需的任何形狀,只要盤104對光引擎102提供足夠的支撐便可。
圖4為本發明具體實例之光引擎單元400之剖面圖。本體402被造形成界定出包含有背面反射器404的內部表面。散熱件406安裝於背面反射器404附近。該散熱件包含面朝背面反射器404的安裝表面408。安裝表面408提供實質上平坦的區域,在該區域中,光源(未圖示)可被安裝成面朝背面反射器404之中心區,雖然,光源亦可成角度而面向背面反射器404之其他部分。在此具體實例中,數個透鏡板410自散熱件408之兩側延伸至本體402之底部邊緣。背面反射器404、散熱件406、及透鏡板410至少部分地界定出一個內部空腔412。在一些具體實例中,光源可安裝至一個安裝台,諸如,金屬芯板、FR4板、印刷電路板、或金屬帶(諸如,鋁),可接著(例如)使用熱膏、黏著劑、及/或螺桿,將該安裝台安裝至單獨的散熱件。在一些具體實例中,不使用單獨的散熱件,或是,使用不具有鰭片的散熱件或散熱路徑。
圖5為本發明具體實例之光引擎單元500之剖面圖。光引擎500與光引擎400共用若干的共同元件。為便利起見,貫穿本說明書,相似的元件將保有相同的元件符號。此具體實例包含了具有安裝表面504的散熱件502,而該安裝表面504係被彎曲以提供可安裝光源(未圖示)的兩個實質上平坦的區域。該等光源可平鋪地安裝至表面504,而面向背面反射器404之側部區,使得,其在正交於安裝表面504的方向上發射峰值強度,或者,該等來源可對準另一方向而發射。
繼續參看圖4及圖5,背面反射器404可被設計成具有若干不同形狀以執行特定光學功能,諸如,色彩混合及光束造形。背面反射器404在光源之波長範圍中應為高度反射的。在一些具體實例中,背面反射器404可為93%反射或以上。在其他具體實例中,反射層可為至少95%反射、或至少97%反射。
背面反射器404可包含多種不同材料。對於許多室內照明應用而言,希望呈現不具有令人不愉快的眩光、色彩條紋化、或熱點之均勻性、柔和光源。因此,背面反射器404可包含漫射白光反射體,諸如,微孔的聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯(MCPET,microcellular polyethylene terephthalate)材料、或Dupont/WhiteOptics材料。亦可使用其他白光漫射反射材料。
漫射反射塗層具有混合來自於具有不同光譜(亦即,不同色彩)的固態光源的光的固有能力。此等塗層尤其適合於將兩個不同光譜混合以產生所要輸出色彩點的多源設計。舉例而言,發射藍光的LED可與發射黃(或藍移的黃)光的LED組合使用,以得到白光輸出。漫射反射塗層可消除對可將有損耗元件引入至系統中的額外空間色彩混合方案之需要;雖然,在一些具體實例中,可能希望將漫射背面反射器與其他漫射元件組合使用。在一些具體實例中,背面反射器塗佈有磷光體材料,其係轉換來自發光二極體的光之至少一些波長,以達成具有所要色彩點之光輸出。
藉由將漫射白光反射材料用於背面反射器404,且藉由定位光源以首先朝向背面反射器404發射,可達成若干設計目標。舉例而言,背面反射器404執行色彩混合功能,有效地使混合距離加倍,且極大地增加來源之表面積。另外,將表面亮度自明亮、不舒適的點來源,修改成較大、較柔和的漫射反射。漫射白光材料在輸出上亦提供均勻的發光外觀。在傳統直接式光學器件中通常將需要很多努力及較多漫射體來改進的刺目的表面亮度梯度(最大值/最小值比為10:1或更大),可藉由較不過分激進(及較低光損失)之漫射體來管理,達成最大值/最小值比5:1、3:1、或甚至2:1。
背面反射器404可包含不同於漫射反射體的材料。在其他具體實例中,背面反射器404可包含鏡面反射的材料、或部分漫射反射且部分鏡面反射的材料。在一些具體實例中,可能希望在一個區域中使用鏡面材料、且在另一個區域中使用漫射材料。舉例而言,可在中心區上使用半鏡面材料,而在側部區中使用漫射材料,以給予側部更定向的反射。許多組合皆為可能的。
根據本發明之某些具體實例,背面反射器404可包含自細長或線狀的發光二極體陣列以對稱方式沿該陣列之長度延伸的子區域。在某些具體實例中,該等子區域中之每一者在細長或線狀的發光二極體陣列之任一側上,使用相同或對稱的形狀。在一些具體實例中,可相對於細長或線狀的發光二極體陣列之任一端來定位額外的子區域。在其他具體實例中,視所要的光輸出圖案之不同,背面反射器子區域可具有非對稱形狀。
光引擎單元400、500中之背面反射器404包括具有抛物線形狀之側部區412;然而,許多其他形狀亦為可能的。圖6a至圖6c為各種形狀的背面反射器之剖面圖。圖6a之背面區段600以平坦的側部區602、及藉由頂點而界定的中心區604為特徵,與背面反射器404類似。圖6b以波紋狀或階梯狀的側部區622、及平坦的中心區624為特徵。台階大小及台階之間的距離可視既定的輸出輪廓而變化。在一些具體實例中,可以微觀尺度來實施波紋。圖6c展示具有抛物線狀的側部區642、及平坦的中心區644的背面反射器640。圖6d展示具有曲線廓形的背面反射器660。應理解,背面反射器600、620、640、660之幾何形狀為例示性的,而且,許多其他形狀及形狀之組合亦為可能的。背面反射器之形狀應被選擇而為既定的輸出產生適當的反射輪廓。
圖7a為散熱件406之近觀剖面圖。散熱件406包含有位在底側(亦即,室內側)上的鰭片結構702。但,應理解,可使用多種不同的散熱件結構。散熱件406之面向內部空腔的頂側部分包含一個安裝表面704。安裝表面704提供上面可安裝光源706(諸如,LED)的實質上平坦的區域。該等來源706可被安裝成正交地面向著安裝表面704,而面向背面反射器之中心區,或者,其可成角度而面向背面反射器之其他部分。在一些具體實例中,可包括一個可選的擋板708(以虛線展示)。擋板708減少以高角度自來源706發射而未經適當混合便逃離空腔的光之量。此舉防止在高視角下之可見熱點或色彩點。
圖7b為散熱件502之近觀剖面圖。如上文參看圖5所示,安裝表面504可包含有上面可安裝光源的多個平坦區域。成角的表面提供了對準(例如)預先安裝於燈帶722上的多個光源720的簡易方法。在此具體實例中,擋板724被含括於安裝表面上,以朝背面反射器重定向以高角度自來源720發射的光。
典型的固態照明固定架將併入有一個散熱件,此散熱件係座落於天花板平面上方,以將所傳導的LED熱耗散至環境中。在非通風天花板中,辦公及工業天花板上方之溫度通常達到35℃。如圖9之立體透視圖中最佳地展示,在本文中論述,散熱件406之底部部分(包括鰭片結構706)係曝露於嵌燈下方的室內空氣。
由於若干原因,曝露的散熱件406為有利的。舉例而言,典型的辦公室中之空氣溫度比天花板上方之空氣冷得多,此顯然是因為室內環境必須令居住者感到舒適;然而,在天花板上方之空間中,較冷的空氣溫度並不那麼重要。另外,室內空氣通常由於居住者穿過房間、或由於空氣調節而循環。空氣在室內各處移動有助於打破邊界層,促進自散熱件404之熱耗散。且,室內側的散熱件組態可防止絕緣材料在散熱件之頂部上的不適當安裝,而此不適當安裝在散熱件安置於天花板側上的典型固態照明應用中為可能的。此項對不適當安裝之防止,可消除火災隱患。
安裝表面704提供了上面可安裝一或多個光源706的實質上平坦的區域。在一些具體實例中,光源706將被預先安裝於燈帶上。圖8a至圖8c展示可用以將多個LED安裝至安裝表面704的若干個燈帶800、820、840之部分之俯視平面圖。雖然LED在本文所描述之各種具體實例中被用作為光源,但應理解,在本發明之其他具體實例中,諸如雷射二極體之類的其他光源可替換作為光源。
許多工業、商業及住宅應用需要白光來源。嵌燈100可包含產生同種色彩之光或不同色彩之光的一或多個發射器。在一個具體實例中,使用多色來源以產生白光。若干彩色光組合將得到白光。舉例而言,在此項技術中已知,組合來自藍色LED之光與經波長轉換的黃(藍移的黃或「BSY」)光,以得到相關色溫(CCT,correlated color temperature)在5000K至7000K之間的範圍中(常稱作「冷白色」)的白光。藍光及BSY光可用藍光反射器藉由用對藍光有光學回應的磷光體環繞發射器來產生。當被激勵時,磷光體發射黃光,而此黃光接著與藍光組合以得到白光。在此方案中,因為藍光係在窄光譜範圍中發射的,所以被稱作飽和光。BSY光係在寬得多的光譜範圍中發射的,且因此被稱作不飽和光。
用多色源產生白光之另一個實施例為組合來自綠色LED和紅色LED的光。RGB方案亦可用以產生各種色彩之光。在一些應用中,添加一個琥珀色發射器以獲得RGBA組合。先前的組合為例示性的;應理解,在本發明之具體實例中,可使用許多不同的色彩組合。在Van de Ven等人之美國專利第7,213,940號中,詳細論述此等可能色彩組合中之若干者。
照明帶800、820、840各自表示導致可被混合以產生白光的輸出光譜的可能LED組合。每一照明帶可包括給LED供電所需的電子器件及互連件。在一些具體實例中,照明帶包含有印刷電路板,LED則在該印刷電路板上安裝並互連。照明帶800包括離散LED之叢集802,而叢集802中之每一個LED與下一個LED間隔一段距離,且每一個叢集802與下一個叢集802間隔一段距離。若一個叢集內之LED彼此間隔過大的距離,則個別來源之色彩會變成可見的,從而造成不當的色彩條紋化。在一些具體實例中,用來分離叢集內之接續的LED的可接受的距離範圍,不大於約8 mm。
圖8a中所示之方案使用了具有兩個藍移的黃LED(「BSY」)及單一個紅色LED(「R」)的連串叢集802。一旦適當地混合,所得到的輸出光將具有「暖白色」外觀。
照明帶820包括有離散LED之叢集822。圖8b中所示之方案使用了具有三個BSY LED及單一個紅色LED的連串叢集822。在充分混合時,此方案亦將得到暖白色輸出。
照明帶840包括有離散LED之叢集842。圖8c中所示之方案使用了具有兩個BSY LED及兩個紅色LED的連串叢集842。在充分混合時,此方案亦將得到暖白色輸出。
圖8a至圖8c中所示之照明方案意欲為例示性的。因此,應理解,許多不同LED組合可與已知的轉換技術一同使用,以產生所要的輸出光色彩。
圖9展示安裝於典型的辦公室天花板中的嵌燈100之立體透視圖。在此視圖中,背面反射器由透鏡板410及散熱件406遮住而無法看到。如所論述,散熱件406之底側曝露於室內環境。在此具體實例中,散熱件406沿嵌燈100之中心而端對端地縱向延伸。反射盤104定大小成為裝配於光引擎單元102周圍。自光引擎102發射的高角度光,由盤104之反射表面重定向至室內環境中。
嵌燈100之此特定具體實例包含有自散熱件406延伸至光引擎本體之邊緣的數個透鏡板410。諸透鏡板410可包含許多不同的元件及材料。
在一個具體實例中,諸透鏡板410包含一個漫射元件。漫射的透鏡板以若干方式起作用。舉例而言,其可防止直接看見來源,且提供對射出光之額外的混合,以達成視覺上令人愉悅之均勻來源。然而,漫射的透鏡板會將額外的光學損失引入至系統中。因此,在光係藉由背面反射器、或藉由其他元件而充分地混合的具體實例中,漫射的透鏡板可為不必要的。在此等具體實例中,可使用透明的玻璃透鏡板,或可完全移除諸透鏡板。在另外的其他具體實例中,散射粒子可含括於諸透鏡板410中。在使用鏡面背面反射器的具體實例中,可希望使用漫射透鏡板。
諸透鏡板410中之漫射元件可藉由若干不同結構來達成。可將漫射膜嵌體施加至透鏡板410之頂側或底側表面。亦可以(諸如)藉由共擠(coextruding)出兩種材料、或將漫射體嵌入模製至外部表面或內部表面上,來製造透鏡板410,以包括一體式的漫射層。一個透明透鏡可包括有在製造時滾壓至擠製件中、或模製至表面中的繞射或重複的幾何圖案。在另一具體實例中,透鏡板材料自身可包含體積的(volumetric)漫射體,諸如,具有(例如)不同折射率的添加著色劑或粒子。
在其他具體實例中,透鏡板410可用以藉由使用(例如)微透鏡結構來對射出光束光學地造形。許多不同種類之光束造形光學特徵可與透鏡板410整合式地包括在一起。
圖10為本發明之一個具體實例之嵌燈100之剖面圖。在此特定具體實例中,嵌燈100之總深度為約105.5 mm,或小於4.25吋。
因為照明固定架傳統上係用於擺設有模組式傢俱的大區域中,諸如,在辦公室中,所以,許多固定架可自室內任何地方看到。規格等級的固定架通常包括有機械遮蔽,以有效地隱藏光源,以便在觀測者一旦與該固定架相距某一段距離便無法看到該光源,從而提供「寧靜之天花板」及更舒適之工作環境。
因為人眼對光對比度為敏感,所以,在個人行走穿過有燈的房間內時,通常希望提供來自嵌燈100的明亮度之漸進展現。確保漸進展現之一個方法,為使用嵌燈100之表面來提供機械截斷。使用此等表面,嵌燈100之機械結構提供內建式眩光控制。在嵌燈100中,歸因於盤104之邊緣,初級截斷為8°。然而,在8°與21°之視角之間,僅50%之透鏡板410面積為可見的。此係因為散熱件406亦提供機械遮蔽。嵌燈100結構允許調整散熱件406之位置,以提供所要級別之遮蔽,而免去熱表面區域要求之約束。
圖11a為本發明具體實例之嵌燈100之仰視平面圖。圖11b為沿圖11a中所示之切割線的嵌燈1100之一部分之側視圖。圖11c為如圖11b中所表示之嵌燈1100之一部分之近觀圖。圖11d為自室內側觀看的嵌燈1100之立體透視圖。已自此等視圖中移除透鏡板及散熱件元件,以露出端蓋1102及弧狀的盤端片1104組態。嵌燈1100包含有與嵌燈100類似的許多元件,如元件符號所指示。此特定具體實例包含有不透明的端蓋1102(最佳展示於圖11d中)及弧狀的盤端片1104。端蓋1102封閉住光引擎102與盤104之間的內部空腔之縱向末端。盤端片1104為弧狀,而實質上匹配於端蓋1102之形狀。端片1104之弧狀結構可防止在光源操作時陰影投射至盤104上。
電路盒1106可附接至光引擎102之背面。電路盒1106可容納用以驅動及控制光源的電子組件,諸如,整流器、調節器、計時電路、及其他元件。
圖12a為本發明具體實例之嵌燈1200之一部分之剖面圖。圖12b為嵌燈1200之一部分之立體透視圖。與嵌燈1100相對照,嵌燈1200包含有安置於光引擎之兩個縱向末端處的透射(亦即,透明或半透明)端蓋1202。透射端蓋1202允許光自空腔之末端傳遞至盤結構104之端片1204。因為光傳遞通過其間,所以,端蓋1202有助於減少在光源操作時投射至盤上的陰影。該盤之端片1204可為弧狀,以重定向透射通過端蓋1202的高角度光,以產生特定的輸出光束輪廓。
本發明具體實例之嵌燈可具有許多不同大小及縱橫比。圖13為本發明具體實例之嵌燈1300之仰視平面圖。此特定的嵌燈1300具有2:1之縱橫比(長度對寬度)。圖14為本發明具體實例之另一嵌燈1400之仰視平面圖。嵌燈1400具有正方形尺寸。亦即,嵌燈1400之長度及寬度相同。圖15為本發明另一具體實例之另一嵌燈1500之仰視平面圖。嵌燈1500具有4:1之縱橫比。應理解,嵌燈1300、1400、1500為例示性具體實例,且本發明不應限於任何特定大小或縱橫比。
圖16為本發明具體實例之嵌燈1600之仰視平面圖。此特定的嵌燈1600被設計成充當「牆照明裝置」型固定架。在一些情況下,希望用比室內之其餘部分中之照明為高的強度來照亮牆壁之區域,例如,在畫廊裏。嵌燈1600被設計成定向地照亮一側之區域。因此,嵌燈1600包含有非對稱的光引擎1602及盤1604。細長的散熱件1606安置於背面反射器(未圖示)之隆凸區附近,而該隆凸區係與盤1604之一側幾乎齊平。此具體實例可包括透鏡板1608,以改良色彩混合及輸出均勻性。嵌燈1600之內部結構與嵌燈100之任一半之內部結構相類似。光源(此視圖中被遮住)被安裝至散熱件1606之背面上的安裝表面。關於本文中所揭示之對稱具體實例所論述的諸元件中之許多元件,亦可用於非對稱狀具體實例(諸如,嵌燈1600)中。應理解,嵌燈1600僅為非對稱嵌燈之一個實施例,而且,許多變化為可能的,以達成特定的定向輸出。
圖17為來自嵌燈1600的光引擎1602之剖面圖。散熱件1606安置於背面反射器1612之隆凸區1610附近。一或多個光源1614被安裝於散熱件1606之背面上。來源1614朝向背面反射器1612發射,在此處,光被漫射且朝透射透鏡板1608重定向。因此,嵌燈1600包含有非對稱的結構,以提供向著隆凸區1610之一側的定向發射。
一些具體實例可包括與圖7a及圖7b中所示之散熱件相類似的多個散熱件。圖18為本發明具體實例之嵌燈1800之剖面圖。在此具體實例中,中心透鏡板1802可在平行的散熱件1804之間延伸,使側部透鏡板1806自散熱件1804延伸至背面反射器1808。在其他具體實例中,可添加其他散熱件,使得,接續地配置的平行散熱件可具有在其間延伸的透鏡板,使在末端上之散熱件具有自其處延伸至背面反射器的透鏡板,如圖4及圖5中所示。
應理解,本文中所呈現之具體實例意在為例示性的。本發明之具體實例可包含各個圖中所示之相容特徵之任何組合,而且,此等具體實例不應限於明確說明及論述之具體實例。
雖然已參考本發明之某些較佳組態來詳細描述了本發明,但其他型態為可能的。因此,本發明之精神及範疇不應限於上文所描述之型態。
100‧‧‧嵌燈
102‧‧‧光引擎(單元)
104‧‧‧(反射)盤
106‧‧‧反射底面
400‧‧‧光引擎(單元)
402‧‧‧本體
404...背面反射器
406...散熱件
408...安裝表面
410...透鏡板
412...內部空腔;側部區
500...光引擎(單元)
502...散熱件
504...(安裝)表面
600...背面區段
602...側部區
604...中心區
620...背面反射器
622...側部區
624...中心區
640...背面反射器
642...側部區
644...中心區
660...背面反射器
702...鰭片結構
704...安裝表面
706...光源;來源
708...擋板
720...光源;來源
722...燈帶
724...擋板
800...燈帶;照明帶
802...(LED)叢集
820...燈帶;照明帶
822...(LED)叢集
840...燈帶;照明帶
842...(LED)叢集
1100...嵌燈
1102...端蓋
1104...(盤)端片
1106...電路盒
1200...嵌燈
1202...端蓋
1204...端片
1300...嵌燈
1400...嵌燈
1500...嵌燈
1600...嵌燈
1602...光引擎
1604...盤
1606...散熱件
1608...透鏡板
1610...隆凸區
1612...背面反射器
1614...光源;來源
1800...嵌燈
1802...(中心)透鏡板
1804...散熱件
1806...(側部)透鏡板
BSY...藍移的黃(光、色)
R...紅(光、色)
圖1為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之自底側觀看的立體透視圖。
圖2為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之自頂側觀看的立體透視圖。
圖3為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之剖面圖。
圖4為本發明具體實例之光引擎單元之剖面圖。
圖5為本發明具體實例之光引擎單元之剖面圖。
圖6a為本發明具體實例之背面反射器之剖面圖。
圖6b為本發明具體實例之背面反射器之剖面圖。
圖6c為本發明具體實例之背面反射器之剖面圖。
圖6d為本發明具體實例之背面反射器之剖面圖。
圖7a為本發明具體實例之散熱件之近觀視圖。
圖7b為本發明具體實例之散熱件之近觀視圖。
圖8a為本發明具體實例之燈帶之俯視平面圖。
圖8b為本發明具體實例之燈帶之俯視平面圖。
圖8c為燈帶之俯視平面圖。
圖9為安裝於典型辦公室天花板中的本發明具體實例之嵌燈之自室內側觀看的立體透視圖。
圖10為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之剖面圖。
圖11a為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之仰視平面圖。
圖11b為沿圖11a中所示之切割線11b-11b的嵌燈之一部分之側視圖。
圖11c為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之在圖11b中表示的部分之近觀視圖。
圖11d為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之一部分之立體透視圖。
圖12a為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之一部分之近觀剖面圖。
圖12b為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之一部分之立體透視圖。
圖13為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之仰視平面圖。
圖14為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之仰視平面圖。
圖15為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之仰視平面圖。
圖16為本發明具體實例之不對稱的嵌燈之仰視平面圖。
圖17為本發明具體實例之光引擎單元之剖面圖。
圖18為本發明具體實例之嵌燈之剖面圖。
100...嵌燈
102...光引擎(單元)
104...(反射)盤
Claims (10)
- 一種嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,包含:本體,包含有位在該本體之表面上的背面反射器;及細長的散熱件,位在該背面反射器附近、且沿該背面反射器之長度延伸,該散熱件包含面朝該背面反射器的細長的安裝表面,該安裝表面能夠使至少一個光發射器安裝至其上,而該散熱件與該本體之間的區域界定出一個內部空腔;其中,該安裝表面包含面朝該背面反射器的平坦區域;其中,該平坦區域之縱向中心係與該背面反射器之縱向中心實質上呈一致;以及其中,該散熱件係偏置離開於該本體而使該安裝表面不被該本體所環繞。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,其中,該背面反射器包含:反射中心區,沿該本體之中心縱向地延伸;及數個反射側部區,位在該中心區之任一側上,使得該背面反射器圍繞一縱軸而呈對稱。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,其中,該背面反射器包含漫射白光反射體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,其中,該散熱件之與該安裝表面相對置的一部分係曝露於該空腔外側之周圍環境。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單 元,其中,進一步包含:至少一個燈帶,其係被安置於該安裝表面上,以使得該至少一個燈帶面向該背面反射器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,其中,進一步包含:數個透鏡板,其係被配置於該散熱件之每一側上,且自該散熱件延伸至該背面反射器,以使得該背面反射器、該散熱件、及該等透鏡板界定出該內部空腔。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,其中,該等透鏡板包含光束造形特徵。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,其中,進一步包含:位在該安裝表面上的至少一個LED叢集。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌燈式固定架中之光引擎單元,其中,進一步包含:安置於該本體之兩端處的透射端蓋。
- 一種嵌燈式固定架用之照明嵌燈,包含:反射盤,包含有內反射表面;本體,安裝於該反射盤內側,使得該內反射表面環繞著該本體;背面反射器,位在該本體之表面上;細長的散熱件,安裝於該背面反射器附近,且沿該本體之中心區縱向地延伸;複數個發光二極體(LED),安置於該散熱件之面朝該背面反射器的安裝表面上,其中,該安裝表面包含面朝該背面反射器的平坦區域,其中,該平坦區域之縱向中心係與該背面 反射器之縱向中心實質上呈一致,且其中,該散熱件係偏置離開於該本體而使該安裝表面不被該本體所環繞;及數個透鏡板,配置於該散熱件之每一側上,且自該散熱件延伸至該背面反射器,以使得該背面反射器、該散熱件、及該等透鏡板界定出一個內部空腔。
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EP2612069B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
WO2012030387A3 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
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US10883702B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
US11306895B2 (en) | 2022-04-19 |
CN103201557A (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
EP3832200A1 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
US20210080076A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
TW201224338A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
EP2612069A2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
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