TWI479329B - 用於自動對話技術的方法、物件及設備 - Google Patents
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Description
本發明係與自動對話技術有關。
電子郵件(E-mail)應用程式,提供使用者在與許多檔案系統所提供者相似之介面內的邏輯檔案夾中儲存訊息的能力。電子郵件應用程式亦可允許使用者將儲存之訊息聚集至邏輯『對話』中。每個對話為一組相關訊息,其包括一根訊息以及對該根訊息或對另一者的回應。當由對話所排列時,訊息於該電子郵件應用程式之一使用者介面中被顯示為藉由訊息主題或緒(thread)所分組的一對話列表。該對話可依據日期加以排序,而每個對話中的訊息可依據誰回應誰而加以排序。
儘管有該對話群組所提供的方便性,但某些電子郵件應用程式係針對個別對話項目之對話的操作進行限制。舉例來說,一使用者可能不希望參與和某些同事討論午餐選擇的一對話緒。該使用者可能需要於該等個別對話項目到達時加以刪除以保持其收件匣的乾淨。此操作對於一使用者可為乏味且耗時的,尤其當一使用者於任一特定日所接收之電子郵件訊息的容量增加時。因此,需要對於項目管理以及顯示技術的改進以解決這些及其他問題,藉以增強使用者在各種使用情境中的經驗。
提供此發明內容以藉由一簡化形式介紹一種概念選擇,其將於以下實施方式中加以進一步描述。此發明內容並無意用以識別該申請專利主題之關鍵特徵或本質特徵,且無意被用於限制該申請專利主題的範圍。
各種實施例一般係指用於一訊息應用程式的自動對話技術。某些實施例特別係指可被用於一訊息應用程式例如一電子郵件應用程式之全體對話群組或緒的自動對話動作。
舉例來說,一實施例可包含一設備,例如具有一訊息應用程式的運算裝置。該訊息應用程式,在其他元件當中,可包含一傳入訊息模組,用以接收一傳入訊息。該訊息應用程式亦可包含一對話識別模組,其通信地被連接至該傳入訊息模組,該對話識別模組用以判定該傳入訊息的對話識別模組為一對話緒的一部分,並藉由將該傳入訊息之一對話識別碼屬性設定至該對話緒的一對話識別碼以使該傳入訊息與該對話緒相關聯。該訊息應用程式可進一步包含一對話管理員模組,係通信地連接至該對話識別模組,該對話管理員模組係用以判定一對話規則係與該對話緒有關,以及將該對話規則應用至該傳入訊息。其他實施例被描述及納入申請專利範圍。
從閱讀以下實施方式及檢視該相關圖示可明瞭這些及其他特徵與優點。將了解前文一般描述以及以下詳細描述僅為說明性質而非限制申請專利範圍之態樣。
各種實施例包括用於執行特定操作、功能或服務的實體及邏輯結構。該結構可包含實體結構、邏輯結構或兩者之一結合。該實體或邏輯結構係使用硬體元件、軟體元件或兩者之一結合加以實施。然而,參照特定硬體或軟體元件之實施例描述僅意圖作為範例而非限制。選擇使用硬體或軟體元件以實際實施一實施例係依據數種外部因素,例如希望的運算速率、功率層級、熱忍受度、處理週期預算、輸入資料速率、輸出資料速率、記憶體資源、資料匯流排速度以及其他設計或效能限制。再者,該實體或邏輯結構可具有對應的實體或邏輯連接以藉由電子信號或訊息之形式在該結構之間通信資訊。該連接可包含適於該資訊或特定結構的有線及/或無線連接。值得注意對於『一種實施例』或『一實施例』的任何參照係指一關於該實施例所描述之特定特徵、結構或特性被包括於至少一實施例中。在本說明書之許多位置中所出現的語句『在一實施例中』並不必然全部指向相同實施例。
各種實施例可被指向用於一訊息應用程式的自動對話技術。該自動對話技術可對任何訊息應用程式實施。訊息應用程式的範例可包括但不限於一電子郵件訊息應用程式、文字訊息應用程式、簡訊服務(SMS)訊息應用程式、多媒體訊息伺服器(MMS)訊息應用程式、語音訊息應用程式、視訊訊息應用程式等等。在一實施例中,可示範地但非限制地參照一電子郵件應用程式描述該自動對話技術。特定實施可利用其他訊息應用程式實施該自動對話技術,且仍落入該實施例之範圍中。
各種實施例可被指向用於一訊息應用程式例如一電子郵件應用程式的自動對話技術。一般而言,一電子郵件應用程式允許使用者在電子通信系統上編輯、傳送及接收訊息。在某些實施例中,該描述之技術可藉由一客戶端/伺服器電子郵件傳訊系統之一或多個元件加以實施。在此實施例中,該伺服器可支援各種傳訊客戶端、從該客戶端接收請求及資料、處理該等請求、儲存該資料、以及將該處理結果傳回至該客戶端。因此,該項目聚集及顯示技術之一或多者可被實施為客戶端式電子郵件應用程式、伺服器式電子郵件應用程式之中的特徵,包括藉由一網頁瀏覽器及/或藉由與電子郵件互動之其他類型的應用程式、程式或服務而提供對電子郵件服務的存取。
在某些實施例中,該自動對話技術之一或多者可被實施於一電子郵件客戶端應用程式或軟體程式中,例如源自Redmond,Washington之Microsoft公司的MICROSOFT OFFICE OUTLOOK應用程式軟體。在此實施例中,該描述之技術可藉由該電子郵件客戶端應用程式於線上或離線模式之任一者中加以執行。在一離線模式中,該電子郵件客戶端應用程式可在區域儲存或快取之電子郵件訊息上執行一或多個自動對話技術。可了解該描述之技術可藉由任何類型之電子郵件客戶端依據該描述之實施例加以實施,其包括但不限於訊息應用程式編寫介面(MAPI)客戶端、超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)客戶端、郵局協定(POP3)客戶端、網際網路傳訊存取協定(IMAP或IMAP4)客戶端、網路新聞傳輸協定(NNTP)客戶端等等。
替代地或額外地,一或多個自動對話技術可被實施為一伺服器式電子郵件應用程式或例如源自Redmond,Washington之Microsoft公司的MICROSOFT EXCHANGE SERVER等軟體程式中的特徵。該伺服器可提供電子郵件、行事曆、聯絡人及任務功能,以及支援對於資訊及資料儲存的行動及網頁式存取。該伺服器可包含一傳訊儲存或與其通信,該傳訊儲存係用以儲存包括電子郵件訊息及其他資料等項目於信件匣及資料夾中,且可提供一介面以與各種電子郵件客戶端通信並允許對該傳訊儲存的存取。該伺服器亦可包含一目錄或與其通信,該目錄含有關於該系統之使用者的資訊以及配置資訊,其可被一訊息傳輸子系統用以對送給接收者之電子郵件訊息執行各種路徑安排及傳輸操作,其中該接收者係於該伺服器上、該相同組織中的另一伺服器上、及/或在該網際網路或其他傳訊系統上。
在某些實施例中,該伺服器可支援各種網頁服務,其包括網頁存取、行動存取及同步功能。網際網路資訊服務(IIS)及網際網路伺服器應用程式編寫介面(ISAPI)應用程式提供SMTP、NNTP、IMAP4及POP3服務以允許網際網路使用者在各種網際網路存取協定以及包括HTTP通信上的遠端程序呼叫(RPC)存取等HTTP式協定上存取訊息資料。在某些實施中,資料可被格式化為壓縮的無線二進位XML(WbXML)資料以有效使用行動客戶端之頻寬。除了標準網際網路協定外,該伺服器於被一公司或其他組織使用時亦可支援私人或非標準協定上的通信。
該電子郵件應用程式,可提供使用者在與許多檔案系統所提供者類似之介面內的邏輯資料夾中儲存訊息。可了解資料夾一詞可係指不論以各種方式被儲存及/或被呈現於一使用者介面中的任何項目集合。雖然某些作業系統或應用程式於提及一項目集合時可不使用該資料夾一詞,但有意使此情形被描述及說明資料夾之實施例所涵蓋。
該電子郵件應用程式亦允許使用者及/或邏輯將儲存之訊息聚集為邏輯對話以形成一對話群組或對話緒。每個對話可包含一組相關訊息,其包括例如一根訊息以及對該根訊息或對另一者的回應。當一使用者選擇以對話排列訊息時,該訊息在該電子郵件應用程式之一使用者介面中被顯示為一對話列表,其可依據訊息主題或緒(thread)而聚集為一對話列表。該等對話可依據日期加以排序,且每個對話中的訊息可依據誰回應誰而加以排序。
在某些情形中,一對話之訊息可跨越數個資料夾加以儲存。舉例來說,使用者可將訊息手動地組織到各種資料夾中。使用者亦可設定一或多個過濾規則以供依據傳送者、主題或其他標準自動區分電子郵件訊息放入特定資料夾中。此外,由一使用者傳送之一回應訊息可被儲存於該使用者之傳送項目資料夾中。
儘管有該等對話緒所提供之方便,但是某些電子郵件應用程式係針對個別對話項目之一對話的操作進行限制。舉例來說,一使用者可能不想要參與和某些同事討論午餐選擇的一對話緒。該使用者可能需要在該等個別對話項目到達時加以刪除以保持其收件匣的乾淨。此操作對於一使用者而言可為乏味及耗時的,尤其當一使用者於任一特定日所接收之電子郵件訊息的容量增加時。
為了解決這些及其他問題,各種實施例可對一訊息應用程式實施各種自動對話技術。某些實施例特別指向可用於跨越一訊息應用程式例如一電子郵件應用程式之一全部對話群組或對話緒的自動對話技術。
舉例來說,一實施例可包含一設備,例如具有一訊息應用程式之一運算裝置,例如該訊息應用程式係一電子郵件應用程式。該訊息應用程式可至少包含一傳入訊息模組用以接收一傳入訊息。該訊息應用程式亦可包含一對話識別模組,其通信地連接至該傳入訊息模組,該對話識別模組係用以判定該傳入訊息為一對話緒的一部分,並藉由將該傳入訊息之一對話識別碼屬性設定至該對話緒之一對話識別碼而使該傳入訊息與該對話緒相關聯。該訊息應用程式更可包含一對話管理員模組,其通信地連接至該對話識別模組,該對話管理員模組係用以判定一對話規則係與該對話緒有關,並將該對話規則應用至該傳入訊息。在此方式中,一使用者需要建立一次一對話規則,而該對話規則被自動應用至一對話緒中的所有儲存訊息,以及為該相同對話緒之部分的新傳入訊息。因此,一使用者可具有一提升的傳訊經驗。
更特言之,該對話管理員模組係以可跨越全體對話群組或對話緒而應用對話層級動作的形式實施自動對話技術。對話層級動作典型地影響該全體對話緒之某些或所有訊息。相對而言,項目層級動作典型地影響一單一訊息項目。對話規則之範例可不受限地包括一『總是刪除』對話規則、一『總是移動』對話規則、一『總是分類』對話規則等等。這些僅為數種範例,且任何數量之對話層級動作可依據一特定實施所需而被用於一對話緒。該實施例並不限於此內容。
第1圖說明適於實施該各種實施例之一作業環境100的一方塊圖。該作業環境100可包含設計由一單一實體環境或一多實體分散式環境所實施的元件。每個元件可被實施為一硬體元件、一軟體元件或者兩者之任何結合,依設計參數或效能限制之一特定集合的需求而定。硬體元件的範例可包括裝置、部件、處理器、微處理器、電路、電路元件(例如電晶體、電阻、電容、電感等等)、積體電路、應用程式特定積體電路(ASIC)、可程式化邏輯裝置(PLD)、數位信號處理器(DSP)、現場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)、記憶體單元、邏輯閘、暫存器、半導體裝置、晶片、微晶片、晶片組等等。軟體元件的範例可包括任何軟體部件、程式、應用、電腦程式、應用程式、系統程式、機器程式、作業系統軟體、中介軟體、韌體、軟體模組、常式、子常式、功能、方法、介面、軟體介面、應用程式介面(API)、指令集、運算碼、電腦碼、編碼片段、電腦編碼片段、文字、數值、符號或前述之任何結合。
本文中所使用之『系統』、『子系統』、『部件』及『模組』等術語係意圖表示一電腦相關實體,包含硬體、硬體及軟體之一結合、軟體或者執行中軟體之任一者。舉例來說,一元件可被實施為在一處理器上執行之一處理、一處理器、一硬碟機、多重儲存裝置(為光學及/或磁性儲存媒體)、一物件、一可執行者、一執行線程、一程式、及/或一電腦。舉例來說,在一伺服器上運行的一應用程式以及該伺服器可為一部件。一或多個部件可位於一處理及/或執行之線程中,且一元件依據一特定實施之需求可被區域化於一電腦上及/或分散於一或多個電腦之間。該實施例並不限於此內容中。
在第1圖中顯示之說明實施例中,該作業環境100可至少包含一客戶端運算裝置110以及一伺服器運算裝置130。可利用具有運算能力及通信能力之任何適用電子裝置實施該運算裝置110、130。運算裝置110、130之範例可包括但不限於一行動裝置、一個人數位助理、一行動運算裝置、一智慧型電話、一行動電話、一手持裝置、一單向呼叫器、一雙向呼叫器、一傳訊裝置、一電腦、一個人電腦(PC)、一桌上型電腦、一膝上型電腦、一筆記型電腦、一手持電腦、一伺服器、一伺服器陣列或伺服器農場、一網頁伺服器、一網路伺服器、一網際網路伺服器、一工作站、一微電腦、一大型主機電腦、一超級電腦、一網路應用裝置、一網頁應用裝置、一分散式運算系統、多處理器系統、處理器式系統、消費型電子、可程式化消費型電子、電視、數位電視、機上盒、無線存取點、基地台、用戶台、行動用戶中心、無線電網路控制器、路由器、集線器、閘道器、橋接器、切換器、機器或前述之結合。雖然第1圖中所示之作業環境100在一特定拓樸中具有一有限數量之節點,但可了解該作業系統100可依據一特定實施之需求而於替代拓樸中包括更多或較少的節點。
該運算裝置110、130可藉由一網路118以及一適當的無線或有線通信媒體加以通信地連接。該運算裝置110、130可協調彼此之間的作業。該協調可涉及單向或雙向的資訊交換。舉例來說,該運算裝置110、130可在該網路118上通信資訊。該網路118可包含一封包切換式網路、一電路切換式網路或兩者之一結合。該資訊可被實施為在各種網路介面間被傳送之資料訊息。示範的網路介面包括平行介面、序列介面以及匯流排介面。
該運算裝置110、130可實施個別運算系統120、120a。該運算系統120、120a可包括各種運算元件,例如一或多個處理器、共同處理器、記憶體單元、晶片組、控制器、周邊、介面、震盪器、時序裝置、視訊卡、音訊卡、多媒體輸入/輸出(I/O)元件等等。該運算系統120、120a至少可實施個別客戶端應用程式122及伺服器應用程式132。在第1圖中顯示之範例中,該客戶端應用程式122可包含一電子郵件客戶端應用程式124以及其他應用程式126,而該伺服器應用程式132可包含一電子郵件伺服器應用程式134及其他應用程式136。在各種實施中,該電子郵件客戶端應用程式124及/或電子郵件伺服器應用程式134可依據該描述之實施例執行一或多個項目聚集及顯示技術。
該應用程式126可包含支援該客戶端運算裝置110之操作的一或多種類型之應用程式。示範應用程式可包括但不限於一網頁瀏覽器應用程式、電話應用程式(例如蜂巢式、VoIP、PTT)、網路應用程式、訊息應用程式(例如IM、SMS、MMS)、行事曆應用程式、聯絡人應用程式、任務應用程式、文字處理應用程式、試算表應用程式、資料庫應用程式、媒體應用程式(例如視訊播放器、音訊播放器、多媒體播放器、數位相機、視訊相機、媒體管理)、位置式服務(LBS)應用程式、遊戲應用程式等等。
該應用程式136可包含支援伺服器運算裝置130之操作的一或多種類型之應用程式。在各種實施中,該應用程式136可包括支援該伺服器運算裝置130依據該描述之實施例而作為一電子郵件伺服器、一網頁伺服器及/或檔案伺服器之操作的伺服器應用程式。在某些情形中,該應用程式136的一或多者可包含一網路、伺服器或該應用程式126之一或多者的網頁式版本。在此情形中,該應用程式126、136可獨立作業,例如當該客戶端運算裝置110為離線時,或者可於該客戶端運算裝置110在線上且藉由該網路118被連接至該伺服器運算裝置130時配合作業。
該運算系統120、120a亦可包含適於控制該客戶端運算裝置110及該伺服器運算裝置130之作業的個別作業系統128、138。在某些實施中,該作業系統128、138可包含一作業系統的個別客戶端及伺服器版本,例如源自Redmond,Washington之Microsoft公司的MICROSOFT WINDOWS作業系統。可了解其他適用作業系統可被用於該客戶端運算裝置110及/或該伺服器運算裝置130。
該運算系統110、130可包含一資料儲存或與其通信以供在郵件匣及資料夾中諸如電子郵件訊息及其他資料的項目儲存。參照第1圖,該資料儲存可由一資料庫140加以實施。在此實施中,該伺服器運算裝置130可提供該客戶端運算裝置110於藉由該網路118連接時存取至該資料庫140。替代地或額外地,該客戶端運算裝置110可藉由該網路118直接存取該資料庫。雖然圖中為了說明之目的而顯示為獨立元件,但可了解在某些實施例中,該資料庫140可形成該客戶端運算裝置110及/或該伺服器運算裝置130的部分。亦可了解該資料儲存可位於該客戶端運算裝置110上、該伺服器運算裝置130上及/或該資料庫上,且在某些實施例中,該客戶端運算裝置110、該伺服器運算裝置130及/或該資料庫140可儲存個別資料儲存,其可與彼此同步。
除了個別運算系統120、120a之外,該運算裝置110、130可實施個別通信系統150、150a。該通信系統150、150a可包括各種通信元件,例如一傳輸器、接收器、收發器、無線電、網路介面、基頻處理器、天線、放大器、過濾器等等。舉例來說,在一實施例中,可使用如參照第2圖所描述之一運算及通信結構實施該運算系統110、130。
第2圖提供適於實施該各種實施例之一運算裝置的一說明性結構。該運算裝置200可表示例如該客戶端運算裝置110及/或該伺服器運算裝置130。如圖所示,該運算裝置200說明一個人或伺服器電腦的一傳統運算結構,其包括含有一處理器204及一系統記憶體206的一處理系統。該系統記憶體206在各種記憶體類型中可包括一隨機存取記憶體(RAM)208及一唯讀記憶體(ROM)210。一輸入/輸出(I/O)系統如一基本I/O系統(BIOS)可使用該ROM 210中儲存的邏輯而實施常式以協助於例如啟動操作時在該運算裝置200中的各元件間傳輸資訊。一系統匯流排212通信地連接該運算裝置200之所有元件以協助資訊傳輸及資料處理操作。
該運算裝置200更包括一大量儲存裝置214以供儲存一作業系統例如作業系統128以及其他程式模組216與程式資料218。該大量儲存裝置214亦可儲存各種應用程式,如下文之更詳細描述。
該大量儲存裝置214係透過連接至該系統匯流排212之一大量儲存控制器(未顯示)而被連接至該處理器204。該大量儲存裝置214以及其相關的電腦可讀取媒體提供該運算裝置200的非依電性儲存。雖然本文中含有之電腦可讀取媒體的描述係指一大量儲存裝置如一硬碟或CD-ROM裝置,但該些熟習該技術之人士應了解電腦可讀取媒體可為任何可由該運算裝置200所存取的可使用媒體。不受限地舉例來說,電腦可讀取媒體可包含電腦儲存媒體及通信媒體。電腦儲存媒體包括依電性及非依電性、可移除及不可移除媒體,其係以任何方法或技術所實施以供儲存例如電腦可讀取指令、資料結構、程式模組或其他資料等資訊。電腦儲存媒體包括但不限於隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、唯讀記憶體(ROM)、可抹除可程式化唯讀記憶體(EPROM)、電子可抹除可程式化唯讀記憶體(EEPROM)、快閃記憶體或其他固態記憶體技術、CD-ROM、數位多媒體光碟(DVD)或其他光學儲存、磁匣、磁帶、磁碟儲存或者其他磁性儲存裝置、或者任何其他可被用於儲存所需資訊且可被該電腦存取之媒體。
依據各種實施例,該運算裝置200可藉由一網路118使用邏輯連接至遠端電腦而操作於一網路化環境中,其中在某些實施中該網路118可為一傳輸控制協定(TCP)及網際網路協定(IP)網路,例如該網際網路。該運算裝置200可透過連接至該系統匯流排212的一網路介面220(例如一有線或無線網路介面)而連接至該網路118。可了解該網路118依據該描述之實施例可包含任何類型的網路,包括但不限於一廣域網路(WAN)、一區域網路(LAN)及/或一蜂巢式電話網路,而該網路介面220可支援各種傳輸層級例如整體封包無線電服務(GPRS)、分碼多工存取(CDMA)、1xRTT、IEEE 802.11及其他用於連接至各種網路及/或遠端電腦系統者。
該運算裝置200可包括一I/O控制器222以供接收及處理源自數種輸入裝置的輸入。一使用者可透過各種輸入裝置224例如一鍵盤及指向裝置如一滑鼠、軌跡球或觸控板而輸入指令及資訊至該運算運算裝置200中。其他輸入裝置224的範例可包括一麥克風、搖桿、遊戲控制盤、衛星碟盤、掃瞄器等等。該輸入裝置224可透過與該系統匯流排212相連之該I/O控制器222而被連接至該處理器204,但亦可藉由其他介面及匯流排結構加以連接,例如一平行埠、遊戲埠或一通用序列匯流排(USB)。該I/O控制器222亦可提供輸出至各種輸出裝置226,例如一監控器或藉由該I/O控制器222被連接至該系統匯流排212的其他類型的顯示裝置。在各種實施中,該顯示裝置可依據該描述之實施例而呈現一或多種使用者介面(UI)至一使用者。除了一顯示裝置之外,該I/O控制器222可提供輸出至一印表機、喇叭及其他週邊裝置。
如前所述,數種程式模組及資料檔案可被儲存於該運算裝置200之大量儲存裝置214及RAM 208中。在第2圖中說明之範例中,該大量儲存裝置214及RAM 208可儲存該作業系統128以及一或多種客戶端應用程式122,其包括該電子郵件客戶端應用程式124及其他應用程式126。可了解在某些實施中,該大量儲存裝置214及RAM 208可儲存該作業系統138以及一或多種伺服器應用程式132,其包括該電子郵件伺服器應用程式134以及其他應用程式136。
依據各種實施例,該電子郵件客戶端應用程式124及/或該電子郵件伺服器應用程式134可實施一或多種自動對話技術。舉例來說,在一實施例中,該電子郵件客戶端應用程式124及/或該電子郵件伺服器應用程式134可參照第3圖所述加以實施。
第3圖說明適於實施該各種實施例之一電子郵件應用程式300的一實施例。參照第1及2圖,在某些實施中,該電子郵件應用程式300可操作為位於該運算裝置110上之客戶端應用程式122之一的電子郵件客戶端應用程式124。替代地或額外地,該電子郵件應用程式300可操作為位於該運算裝置130上之伺服器應用程式132之一的電子郵件伺服器應用程式134。再者,該電子郵件應用程式300的一或多個部分可被分散於該電子郵件客戶端應用程式124及該電子郵件伺服器應用程式134之間。該電子郵件應用程式300的一或多個部分亦可由該應用程式實施於該運算裝置200或另一遠端電腦的RAM 208中,或者於熟悉電腦軟體技術之人士會想到的任何其他變化中。
如圖所示,該電子郵件應用程式300可包括項目儲存310。雖然該項目儲存310為了說明但不受限制之目的而被顯示為該電子郵件應用程式300的部份,但可了解該項目儲存310依據該描述之實施例可位於各種位置中。舉例來說,該項目儲存310可位於該客戶端運算裝置110、該伺服器運算裝置130及/或該資料庫140之上。依據一非限制性範例,該電子郵件應用程式300的項目儲存310可位於該運算裝置200的程式資料218中,其可位於一資料庫及/或於一或多種檔案中。依據另一非限制性範例,該項目儲存310可全部或部分位於一目錄中,該目錄係由該使用者指定於例如作業系統128或作業系統138之作業系統的檔案系統中。依據另一非限制性範例,該項目儲存310可全部或部分位於該資料庫上,該資料庫可被該伺服器運算裝置130存取或由其主持。
在第3圖中說明之範例中,該項目儲存310包括一收件匣資料夾312、一垃圾資料夾314、一已傳送項目資料夾316、一或多個其他電子郵件資料夾318以及一或多個封存檔案320。可了解該項目資料夾或檔案可係指以任何方式儲存及/或被呈現於一使用者介面中的任何項目集合。雖然某些作業系統或應用程式於提及一項目集合時可不使用該資料夾術語,但此情形係有意為描述及說明資料夾的實施例所涵蓋。亦可了解其他資料夾變體及檔案可依據該描述之實施例加以實施。
該電子郵件應用程式300可提供該使用者儲存項目於特定邏輯資料夾中的能力,例如該收件匣資料夾312、該垃圾資料夾314、該已傳送項目資料夾316、以及一或多個其他電子郵件資料夾318,例如一使用者建立之資料夾以供儲存與一特定傳送者或收件者、主題(例如專案)、內容(例如文字、附件)或其他標準有關的項目。該使用者可結合該電子郵件應用程式300並手動組織項目於各種資料夾中。該使用者亦可設定一或多種過濾規則以供依據傳送者、收件者、主題、內容或其他標準而自動分開項目於特定資料夾中。此外,該使用者回應其他訊息而傳送之回覆可被儲存於該已傳送項目資料夾316中。該使用者亦可儲存較舊項目於一或多個封存檔案320中,其可被實施為位於該使用者之區域硬碟機上的一或多個個人儲存表延伸(.pst)檔案及/或任何其他適用封存資料夾結構。
該電子郵件應用程式300可允許該使用者將儲存之訊息分組為邏輯對話。每個對話可包含一組相關項目,其包括例如一根訊息以及對該根訊息之或對另一者之回應。在某些情形中,一對話之相關項目可遍及多重儲存位置加以儲存,例如遍及該收件匣資料夾312、垃圾資料夾314、已傳送項目資料夾316、其他電子郵件資料夾318以及封存檔案320之兩種以上。
如圖所示,該電子郵件應用程式300可包括項目管理邏輯330,其可負責執行本文中描述之某些或所有項目聚集以及顯示技術。在第3圖說明之範例中,該項目管理邏輯330包括各種模組,其中各模組表示用於該項目管理邏輯330所執行之各種操作的個別邏輯集合。
該項目管理邏輯330亦可包含用於操作該電子郵件應用程式300的其他邏輯,其可支援各種其他操作及功能。示範操作及功能可包括傳送及接收操作、儲存及組織操作、過濾操作、排序操作、搜尋操作、預覽操作、同步能力、存取訊息資料包括網頁存取及行動存取之能力、偵測使用者之線上/離線狀態之能力、整合該電子郵件應用程式300與行事曆之能力、聯絡人及任務功能及/或任何其他依據描述之實施例的特徵。
在某些實施例中,該項目管理邏輯330可位於該電子郵件應用程式300中作為該客戶端運算裝置110上之應用程式122之部分或作為該伺服器運算裝置130上之伺服器應用程式132的部份。然而可了解該項目管理邏輯330可替代地或額外地被實施為電腦可執行指令,其依據該描述之實施例被儲存於各種位置中的一或多個電腦可讀取儲存媒體之上。
雖然第3圖中描述之範例包括一特定邏輯集合,可了解該項目管理邏輯330提供該一般功能之一示範實施。將了解除非有其他指示,否則該邏輯之序列並不必然須依照表示之順序加以執行。此外,雖然該項目管理邏輯330可被描述為執行一特定步驟順序,但亦可依據替代實施例以其他步驟順序加以執行。再者,該項目管理邏輯330所執行的某些個別步驟可包括多個子步驟,其可依照適於該個別步驟之各種順序加以執行。再者,該項目管理邏輯330可依據該特定實施而執行額外步驟或略過某些步驟。
在第3圖顯示之說明實施例中,該項目管理邏輯330可被再分為一傳入訊息模組332、一對話識別模組334、一對話管理員模組336、一訊息擷取模組338以及一傳出訊息模組340。應了解這些模組可分享一或多個共同指令。再者,應了解該項目管理邏輯330除了該描述之模組外可包括其他訊息模組342以提供額外訊息功能。舉例來說,該項目管理邏輯可包括過濾掉『垃圾郵件』之電子郵件訊息的一訊息模組。
當由處理器204執行時,傳入訊息模組332與作業系統128互動以接收由網路介面220從網路118接收之傳入電子郵件訊息。舉例來說,傳入訊息模組332可使用作業系統128所提供之一介面以配置一回呼(callback),其使作業系統128提供傳入電子郵件訊息至傳入訊息模組332。當傳入訊息模組332接收一傳入電子郵件訊息時,傳入訊息模組332可於該傳入電子郵件訊息上執行一或多種電子郵件處理操作。舉例來說,傳入訊息模組332可判定該傳入電子郵件位址是否包括一『至』屬性、一『副本』屬性或者一『密件副本』屬性,其指定與該運算裝置110、130所維護之一活動帳戶有關的一電子郵件位置。在此範例中,傳入訊息模組332可於該傳入電子郵件訊息之『至』屬性、『副本』屬性或『密件副本』屬性指向與該運算裝置110、130先前維護之非活動帳戶有關的一電子郵件位址時建立一傳出『反彈』訊息。在傳入訊息模組332在該傳入電子郵件訊息上執行該電子郵件處理操作後,傳入訊息模組332可提供該傳入電子郵件訊息至對話識別模組334。
該項目管理邏輯330可包括該對話識別模組334,其被通信地連接至該傳入訊息模組332。該對話識別模組334係用於判定該傳入訊息為一對話緒的部份。該對話識別模組334藉由將該傳入訊息之一對話識別碼屬性設定至該對話緒之一對話識別碼而使該傳入訊息與該對話緒相關聯。
當由處理器204執行時,對話識別模組334從傳入訊息模組332接收傳入電子郵件訊息並嘗試識別與該傳入電子郵件訊息相關的一既有對話。若對話識別模組334無法成功識別一既有對話與該傳入電子郵件訊息有關,則對話識別模組334可識別該傳入電子郵件訊息與一新對話有關。
該對話識別模組334可藉由數種不同方式判定一訊息是否為一既有對話的部份。在一實施例中,舉例來說,該對話識別模組334執行一演算法,其於以下條件之一或多者發生時關聯該傳入電子郵件訊息與一既有對話:(1)該傳入電子郵件訊息包括一『答覆(in-reply-to)』屬性,其指示一數值對應至與既有對話有關之一儲存訊息之一『訊息識別碼』屬性所指示的一數值;(2)該傳入電子郵件訊息包括一『參照』屬性,其指示一數值對應至與既有對話有關之一儲存訊息之一『訊息識別碼』屬性所指示的一數值;(3)該傳入電子郵件之一標準化『主題』屬性對應至與既有對話有關之一儲存訊息之一標準化『主題』屬性;
這些條件的發生可代表一組示範的先決條件,其允許該對話識別模組334使該傳入電子郵件訊息與一既有對話相關聯。然而在有些實施中,額外條件可於該對話識別模組334使該傳入電子郵件訊息與一既有對話相關聯之前發生。舉例來說,一實施可於僅在條件(1)不發生且條件(2)發生時,始一接收之訊息與一既有對話相關聯。
額外地或替代地,該對話識別模組334不用於使電子郵件訊息與對話相關聯。反之,該對話識別模組334可執行動作以使電子郵件訊息與對話相關聯。此包括傳入電子郵件訊息及傳出電子郵件訊息兩者。
在對話識別模組334使該傳入電子郵件訊息與一既有對話相關聯或使該傳入電子郵件訊息與一新對話新關聯之後,對話識別模組334可將該傳入電子郵件訊息連同對話識別碼儲存於一訊息資料庫350中,該對話識別碼用於識別與該傳入電子郵件訊息有關之對話。在一實施中,訊息資料庫350包括一表格,其包括用於每個電子郵件訊息的一列以及用於一電子郵件訊息之每種屬性的一行。舉例來說,該表格可包括一行用於一電子郵件訊息之一『至』屬性、該電子郵件訊息之一『來自』屬性、該電子郵件訊息之一『副本』屬性、該電子郵件訊息之一『日期』屬性、該電子郵件訊息之一『標題』屬性、該電子郵件訊息之一『本文』屬性等等。再者,在此情形中,該表格可包括一列用於識別與該電子郵件訊息有關之對話的一對話識別碼。第1表提供一範例如下:
應了解該表格可包括用於電子郵件訊息之許多其他屬性的列。這些其他屬性可包括一『X-MimeOLE』屬性、一『內容-等級』屬性、一『MIME-版本』屬性、一『內容-類型』屬性、一『內容-傳輸-編碼』屬性、一『日期』屬性、一『訊息-ID』屬性、一『X-MS-已-附加』屬性、一『X-MS-TNEF-相關器』屬性、一『X-優先度』屬性、一『優先度』屬性、一『重要性』屬性、一『副本』屬性、一『密件副本』屬性等等。再者,可輕易發現第1表包括在與該電子郵件位址『ybara@microsoft.com』有關之一人以及與該電子郵件位址『barney@microsoft.com』有關之一人之間交換關於是否吃午餐的一連串電子郵件訊息。應注意這些電子郵件訊息具有相同的對話識別碼列於其『對話識別碼』屬性中。在此情形中,這些電子郵件訊息之『對話識別碼』屬性的對話識別碼指示這些電子郵件訊息係與一共同對話有關。
該項目管理邏輯330可包括該訊息擷取模組338,其被通信地與該對話管理員模組336連接。當由處理器204執行時,訊息擷取模組338允許使用者擷取儲存於訊息資料庫350中的電子郵件訊息。舉例來說,當該電子郵件應用程式300由該伺服器運算裝置130所實施時,訊息擷取模組338可從該客戶端運算裝置110上的電子郵件客戶端應用程式124接收定期請求以擷取一新訊息,其指示與該客戶端運算裝置110之一使用者有關的電子郵件位址。回應此請求,訊息擷取模組338可識別訊息資料庫350中先前未被傳送至該客戶端運算裝置110的任何新電子郵件訊息。若訊息擷取模組338識別任何此新電子郵件訊息,則訊息擷取模組338可傳送該識別之電子郵件訊息伴隨該電子郵件訊息之對話識別碼至該客戶端運算裝置110。在接收該識別之電子郵件訊息時,該客戶端運算裝置110上的電子郵件訊息客戶端應用程式可呈現一使用者介面檢視,其中該識別之電子郵件訊息伴隨先前擷取之電子郵件訊息藉由與該電子郵件訊息有關之對話加以分組。舉例來說,客戶端運算裝置110可呈現一使用者介面檢視,其中與一對話有關之電子郵件訊息被呈現為電子郵件訊息的樹狀表。在另一情形中,客戶端運算裝置110可呈現一介面,其包括每個對話之電子郵件訊息的分離列表。
該項目管理邏輯330可包括通信地與該訊息擷取模組相連的傳出訊息模組340。當由處理器204執行時,傳出訊息模組340允許使用者傳送一傳出電子郵件訊息。舉例來說,傳出訊息模組340可從該客戶端運算裝置110上的電子郵件客戶端應用程式12接收一請求以傳送一傳出電子郵件訊息。在此範例中,傳出訊息模組340可使該傳出電子郵件訊息與一對話識別碼相關聯並將此對話識別碼併入該傳出電子郵件訊息中。在傳出訊息模組340使該傳出電子郵件訊息與該對話識別碼相關聯並將此對話識別碼併入該傳出電子郵件訊息中後以作為該電子郵件訊息之一『對話識別碼』之後,傳出訊息模組340可指示作業系統128於網路118上傳送該傳出電子郵件訊息。
該項目管理邏輯330可包括通信地連接至該對話識別模組334的對話管理員模組336。該對話管理員模組336一般可被用於實施各種自動對話技術。該對話管理員模組336以對話層級動作之形式實施自動對話技術,該對話層級動作可被用於該電子郵件應用程式300所管理之全體對話群組或對話緒。對話層級動作典型地影響該全體對話緒中的某些或所有訊息。相反地,項目層級動作典型地影響一單一訊息項目。
藉由該對話功能協助使用者降低使用者之資訊過度負擔的一種主要原則,在於給予他們一種在對話模型上動作的簡單方式。該對話模型如今智慧地表示該使用者正與之互動的訊息群組。該新的對話模型將支援兩種主要的動作群組。首先,該對話模型將先前僅可為項目層級者提昇至對話層級,以及一組特別針對對話項目之新動作的導入。該項目層級動作的提升係有關於將先前在訊息上被單獨執行的動作,如『加入旗標』、『分組』、『指派』等等,加以一起批次執行,因而該使用者需要對一全體對話設定一單一對話規則。舉例來說,該使用者可對一對話緒加入旗標並藉其輕易地對該對話緒中的最新訊息加入旗標。再者。具有對話層級之檢視允許該電子郵件應用程式300導入第二動作種類,尤其是該些特別在該對話緒本身之上動作者。這些為一組巧妙運用一『對話』之語意的操作,例如總是刪除或總是移動對話規則。
該對話管理員模組336可用於對一對話緒建立一對話規則。一操作者或使用者可藉由從一對話緒選擇一或多個訊息而對一對話緒建立一對話規則,並將一對話規則指派至該一或多個訊息。該對話規則定義一組對話層級動作以執行於具有用於一對話緒之一共同對話識別碼(ID)屬性的既有及未來訊息上。該既有訊息可被儲存於該訊息資料庫350中。該未來訊息可包括從一遠端裝置跨越該網路118及該網路介面220所接收至該電子郵件應用程式300之新的傳入訊息。對話規則的某些範例可包括但不限於一『總是刪除』對話規則、一『總是移動』對話規則、一『總是分類』對話規則等等。這些對話規則之每一者將於下文加以描述。
一旦該對話管理員模組336對一對話緒建立一對話規則,該對話管理員模組336會儲存該對話規則於一對話動作表(CAT)中。該CAT為用於儲存驅動對話層級動作所需之資訊的一新表格。該CAT為一對話『物件』具有與其相關之一進行中動作之所在。其為該PST中的一表格,該PST含有具有一進行中動作或動作集合之每個對話的登錄。該CAT的基本結構被顯示於以下第2表中:
如第2表中所示,該CAT可含有一對話識別碼、一參數(是或否)以指示一對話規則是否被用於該對話識別碼、以及用於實施一特定規則所需的資訊,例如用於該總是移動對話規則的一目標資料夾,或者用於該總是分類對話規則的一類別名稱。該CAT亦提供一到期日與時間以指示一特定對話規則何時將保持動作。不論一新傳入訊息何時到達該傳入訊息模組332,以及該對話識別模組334何時識別該傳入訊息為一對話緒之部分,該對話管理員模組336查詢該CAT依據與該對話緒有關之各種對話規則而於該傳入訊息上執行後續訊息處理操作。
該對話管理員模組336係用於建立一總是刪除對話規則以自動將該傳入訊息路由至一刪除之項目資料夾。該總是刪除對話規則為一高階使用者特徵,其允許一使用者將到達一對話中的新項目自動移動至一刪除之項目資料夾,藉以從一收件匣資料夾消除該傳入訊息。一使用者可藉由選擇一使用者介面項目例如在一帶狀使用者介面上的一使用者介面按鈕而建立一總是刪除對話規則。
當一使用者選擇一單一對話項目如一對話之一訊息以關注該單一對話項目並選擇該『總是刪除』使用者介面按鈕時,該對話管理員模組336起始操作以建立該總是刪除對話規則。該對話管理員模組336首先判定該對話是否已具有一預先存在之總是刪除對話規則。此可藉由檢查該對話項目上的一屬性以判定一母對話項目是否具有與其相關的進行中動作。此屬性於該CAT處理進行時被設定給該訊息。該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視例如一對話方塊,其具有如第3表中所示之以下屬性:第3表
當該使用者按下『好』時,該對話之目前資料夾中的所有個別訊息被移動至該刪除項目資料夾。若尚未存在一登錄,則使用PR_CONVERSATION_ID而將其建立於此對話之CAT中。到達此對話並符合該PR_CONVERSATION_ID的新對話項目將自動被移動至該刪除項目資料夾。此邏輯依循該CAT中設定的到期方針。
當多個對話項目被關注且一使用者選擇『總是刪除』之使用者介面按鈕時,該對話管理員模組336起始操作以建立該總是刪除對話規則。該對話管理員模組336首先判定該選擇之對話項目的目前資料夾是否為該刪除項目資料夾。若否,則該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視例如一對話方塊,其具有如第4表中所示之以下屬性:
當該使用者按下『好』時,該選擇之對話之目前資料夾中的所有個別訊息被移動至該刪除項目資料夾。使用該PR_CONVERSATION_ID而建立一登錄於每個對話的CAT中。到達這些對話且符合該PR_CONVERSATION_ID的新項目將自動被移動至該刪除項目資料夾。該邏輯係依循該CAT中設定的到期方針。
一使用者可利用數種不同方式關閉一對話上的『總是刪除』進行中動作。為了關閉一對話之一總是刪除對話規則,該使用者可前往該刪除項目資料夾。
當關注一單一對話項目且其目前依循該總是刪除對話規則,且該目前資料夾為該刪除項目資料夾時,一帶狀使用者介面將顯示一『關閉總是刪除』使用者介面按鈕以從該對話緒移除該總是刪除對話規則。選擇該使用者介面按鈕會使該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視例如一對話方塊,其具有如第5表中顯示的以下屬性:第5表
當一使用者選擇『好』時,該對話緒中的所有個別對話會被移動至該收件匣資料夾。該對話管理員模組336從該CAT移除該總是刪除對話規則的對應登錄。
當多個對話項目被關注且目前依循該總是刪除對話規則且該目前資料夾為該刪除項目資料夾時,一帶狀使用者介面將顯示一『關閉總是刪除』使用者介面按鈕以從該對話緒移除該總是刪除對話規則。選擇該使用者介面按鈕會使該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視例如一對話方塊,其具有如第6表中所示之以下屬性:
當該使用者選擇『好』時,該等選擇之對話中的所有個別訊息會被移動至該收件匣資料夾。該對話管理員模組336從該CAT移除該總是刪除對話規則的對應登錄。
值得注意當處於一多重選擇狀態時,該對話管理員模組336由於其可能影響該電子郵件應用程式300的效能例如在檢視演算時造成速度降低,故不會檢查每個對話的開啟/關閉狀態。為了增進效能,該對話管理員模組336不檢查每個對話,反之將預先假設所有對話具有與其相關的進行中動作。替代地,當效能不是問題而一特定實施處於一多重選擇狀態時,該對話管理員模組336可檢查每個對話之開啟/關閉狀態。
該對話管理員模組336係用於建立一總是移動對話規則以自動安排該傳入訊息之路徑至一目標項目資料夾。該總是移動對話規則為另一高階使用者特徵,其允許該使用者輕易地移動一特定對話中的項目至其選擇之一資料夾。其相較於建立一正規規則更為輕鬆且其無需存取該『移動至資料夾』帶狀按鈕。
當一單一對話項目被關注且一目標資料夾被選擇時,一帶狀使用者介面將顯示一『總是移動』使用者介面按鈕以起始操作而建立一總是移動對話規則以移動訊息至該目標資料夾。選擇該使用者介面按鈕會使該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視例如一對話方塊,其具有如第7表中所示之以下屬性:
當該使用者選擇『好』時,該對話之目前資料夾中的所有個別訊息被移動至該選擇之資料夾。若一登錄並未已經存在,則該對話管理員模組336使用其PR_CONVERSATION_ID建立一登錄於此對話之CAT中。該對話管理員模組336評估並自動移動具有一符合之PR_CONVERSATION_ID之新對話項目至該目標資料夾。此邏輯係依循該CAT中設定的到期方針。
當多個對話項目被關注且一目標資料夾被選擇時,一帶狀使用者介面將顯示一『總是移動』使用者介面按鈕以起始操作而建立一總是移動對話規則以移動多個對話之訊息至該目標資料夾。選擇該使用者介面按鈕會使該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視如一對話方塊,其具有如第8表所示之以下屬性:
當該使用者選擇『好』時,該等選擇之對話之目前資料夾中的所有個別訊息被移動至該選擇之資料夾。若一登錄並未已經存在,則該對話管理員模組336使用其PR_CONVERSATION_ID建立一登錄於這些對話之CAT中。若該PR_CONVERSATION_ID以具有與其相關之一總是移動對話規則,其覆寫該規則。其亦將重設該到期時間至一預設時間。到達此對話且符合該PR_CONVERSATION_ID的新項目將自動被移動至該目標資料夾。此邏輯係依循該CAT中設定的到期方針。
對於一總是移動對話規則有幾種例外情形。舉例來說,若一使用者選擇刪除項目作為該總是移動對話規則的目標資料夾,則其本質上與一總是刪除對話規則相同。當該對話於該刪除項目資料夾中被選擇時,該『總是刪除』按鈕將切換為其『停用』狀態。
一使用者可利用數種不同方法關閉一總是移動對話規則。舉例來說,當一單一對話項目被關注時,該對話管理員模組336可判定該對話項目目前是否依循一既有的總是移動對話規則。此可藉由檢查該對話項目上的一屬性以判定一母對話項目是否具有與其相關之進行中動作而達成。此屬性於該CAT處理發生時被設定於該訊息。一帶狀使用者介面將顯示一『關閉總是移動』使用者介面按鈕以從該對話緒移除該總是移動對話規則。選擇該使用者介面按鈕會使該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視例如一對話方塊,其具有如第9表中所示之以下屬性:
當該使用者選擇『好』時,該對話管理員模組336停止該進行中的總是移動動作。該對話管理員模組336從該CAT中移除該對話緒的登錄。該對話項目可依據一特定實施而選擇性地從其目前位置被移動或不被移動。
當多個對話項目被關注時,一帶狀使用者介面將顯示一『關閉總是移動』使用者介面按鈕以從該對話緒移除該總是移動對話規則。選擇該使用者介面按鈕會使該對話管理員模組336建立一使用者介面檢視例如一對話方塊,其具有如第10表中所示之以下屬性:
當該使用者選擇『好』時,該對話管理員模組336停止具有相關動作之所有對話之進行中的總是移動動作。該對話管理員模組336從該CAT移除該對話緒的登錄。該對話項目可依據一特定實施而選擇性地從其目前位置被移動或不被移動。
該對話管理員模組336係用於建立一總是分類對話規則以自動指派一類別給該傳入訊息。指派一類別至一對話項目會自動地開啟該整體對話緒的進行中分類。
當從該帶狀使用者介面使用一適當『總是分類』使用者介面按鈕在一單一對話項目上指派一類別時,該選擇之類別被用於所有資料夾中該對話的所有項目。此為一進行中動作,而一CAT登錄被自動建立。此係累積至對於任何個別訊息可存在之其他類別。舉例來說,假設一對話緒具有訊息1、2、3及4,其中訊息1具有一類別A、訊息3具有一類別B,而所有訊息1-4位於一收件匣資料夾中。若一使用者選擇該對話緒並以該類別C應用該『總是分類』動作,則結果累積如下:訊息1:類別A
+C訊息2:類別C訊息3:類別B
+C訊息4:類別C
關於該總是分類對話項目的這些及其他概念可參照第4-8圖加以更詳細描述之。
第4圖說明對話檢視402、404的一實施例。該對話檢視402、404表示按照一對話緒的對話檢視分組訊息。該對話檢視402、404說明各自具有一類別指示器的多個訊息420。在該對話檢視402中,每個訊息,每個訊息420具有一空的類別指示器410,其指示未有類別被指派至該對應訊息420。當多個對話項目被選擇,且一總是分類對話規則被用於包含該些對話之所有資料夾中的所有訊息時,則所有該訊息420依據被塗黑之類別指示器412被指派至該選擇的一或多個類別。
第5圖說明對話檢視502、504的一實施例。該對話檢視502、504亦表示按照一對話緒的對話檢視分組訊息。當該對話管理員模組336作用於一選擇之訊息類型的訊息420時,例如關於如『Randy Byrne』的所有訊息時,該對話管理員模組336僅應用該選擇之類別於該選擇之訊息類型的訊息420。如第5圖所示,該對話檢視504已依據被塗黑之類別指示器412所指示而指派該選擇之類別至該選擇之訊息420。
第6圖說明對話檢視602、604之一實施例。該對話檢視602、604亦表示按照一對話緒的對話檢視分組訊息。該對話檢視602說明某些該類別指示器410被塗黑,藉以指示一類別已被指派至該對應訊息420。該對話管理員模組336可於一單一對話項目被關注時移除一類別。舉例來說,當一使用者選擇該帶狀使用者介面之一『清除所有類別』使用者介面按鈕時,該對話管理員模組336移除所有資料夾中所有訊息的所有類別。此即使於一訊息420具有多個被指派類別時也會發生,其係由該單一類別指示器410被分為多個類別顯示器410。此典型地並非一進行中動作。該對話管理員模組336從該CAT移除該總是分類對話規則。
第7圖說明對話檢視702、704的一實施例。該
對話檢視702、704亦表示按照一對話緒的對話檢視分組訊息。該對話緒702說明某些該類別指示器410被塗黑,再者某些該訊息420具有多個被指派之類別,如單一類別指示器410被分為某些該訊息420各自之多個類別指示器410所示。舉例來說,當一使用者選擇該帶狀使用者介面上的一『清除一類別』使用者介面按鈕時,該對話管理員模組336僅從所有資料夾中的所有訊息移除該選擇的類別。舉例來說,具有被指派之兩類別而與『Michael Affronti』有關之訊息420係由該對話管理員模組336所修改以移除該兩類別之一,其係由該多個類別指示器410變為一單一類別指示器410所指示。此典型地並非一進行中動作。該對話管理員模組336從該CAT移除該選擇之類別的總是分類對話規則。不論多個對話項目何時被關注,該對話管理員模組336可於該『清除一類別』使用者介面按鈕被作動時應用類似的邏輯。
第8圖說明對話檢視802、804的一實施例。該對話檢視802、804亦表示按照一對話緒的對話檢視分組訊息。該對話緒802說明某些該類別指示器410被塗黑,再者某些該訊息420具有多個被指派之類別,如該單一類別指示器410被分為某些該訊息420各自之多個類別指示器410所示。該對話管理員模組336可於一單一對話項目被關注時移除被指派至一對話項目之多個類別的一單一類別。舉例來說,當一使用者選擇該帶狀使用者介面上的一『清除一類別』使用者介面按鈕時,該對話管理員模組336僅從所有資料夾中的所有訊息移除該選擇之類別。舉例來說,具有被指派兩類別而與『Michael Affironti』有關之訊息420被該對話管理員模組336修改以移除該兩類別之一,如該多個類別指示器410變為一單一類別指示器410所示。再者,該對話管理員模組336可被用於在一選擇之訊息類型的訊息420上動作,例如關於『Michael Affironti』的所有訊息。在此情形中,該對話管理員模組336僅從該相同訊息類型之訊息420移除該選擇之一或多個類別。
不論一新傳入訊息何時到達該傳入訊息模組332,且該對話識別模組334該傳入訊息為一對話緒之部分,該對話管理員模組336判定一對話規則是否與該對話緒有關,若是,則應用該對話規則至該傳入訊息。該對話管理員模組336參考該CAT並依據與該對話緒有關的各種對話規則在該傳入訊息上執行後續訊息處理操作。
舉例來說,假設名為Michael的一使用者喜歡在一日的經歷過程中密切注意許多郵件。他具有移動分配列表郵件至不同資料夾的規則,但仍然努力工作以持續追蹤其於收件匣中接收的經常性郵件。他的一位同事,開始一關於即將到來之大學籃球季後賽之他的團隊分配列表之電子郵件緒,其被Michael接收於他的郵件匣中。他選擇該『總是刪除』動作以將該緒整個移動至其刪除項目資料夾。隨著他的同事繼續在該緒上談論,所有後續的回覆會被靜靜地放入Michael的刪除項目中,保持其收件匣不受該對話干擾,而不會逼使他必須建立一單一刪除規則或從該(通常為)重要別名中移除自己。
在另一範例中,假設名為Paul的一使用者為一歸檔員且依據專案或郵件傳送者來將郵件持續移動至不同資料夾。當新的對話到達其收件匣時,Paul可輕易地在剛到達於該資料夾中的訊息上動作並將其移動至任何其想要的地方。關於該『Morandi』專案的一特定對話跳出並繼續為動作中的,因而Paul使用該『總是移動』動作以輕易地使該對話中的新項目於到達時移動至該『Morandi專案』資料夾。
在又一範例中,假設名為一使用者Mary的一使用者於新訊息到達時加以分類。當一對話之後續回覆到達時,Mary需要每次在新項目到達時手動分別分類每個項目。Mary使用該『總是分類』動作以識別已到達該對話的新項目並從該對話之該第一訊息到其餘部分自動應用該正確分類。
除了應用對話規則於傳入訊息之外,該對話管理員模組336亦應用對話規則至儲存之訊息。該訊息資料庫350儲存每個對話緒之多個訊息。當該對話管理員模組336建立該對話緒之一新對話規則時,該對話管理員模組336應用該對話規則至該適當對話緒的多個儲存之訊息。
關於前述實施例之操作可參照一或多個邏輯流程加以進一步描述。可了解該表示之邏輯流程不必然須以呈現之順序或者以任何特定順序加以執行,除非有相反之指示。再者,關於該邏輯流程所描述之各種活動可以序列或平行方式加以執行。可使用該描述之實施例的一或多種硬體元件及/或軟體元件或者為了一特定集合之設計及效能限制所需之替代元件實施該邏輯流程。舉例來說,該邏輯流程可被實施為一邏輯裝置(例如一一般目的或特定目的之電腦)所執行之邏輯(電腦程式指令)。
第9圖說明適於實施該各種實施例的一邏輯流程900。該邏輯流程900可表示本文中描述之一或多個實施例所執行的某些或所有操作。
在第9圖所示之說明性實施例中,該邏輯流程900可於方塊902接收一傳入訊息。舉例來說,傳入訊息模組332與作業系統128互動以接收由網路介面220從網路118接收之電子郵件訊息。舉例來說,傳入訊息模組332可使用作業系統128所提供之一介面以配置一回呼,其使作業系統128提供傳入電子郵件訊息至傳入訊息模組332。當傳入訊息模組332接收一傳入電子郵件訊息時,傳入訊息模組332可於該傳入電子郵件訊息上執行一或多種電子郵件處理操作。在傳入訊息模組332在該傳入電子郵件訊息上執行該電子郵件處理操作之後,傳入訊息模組332可提供該傳入電子郵件訊息至對話識別模組334。
該邏輯流程900於方塊904可判定該傳入訊息是否為一對話緒的部份。舉例來說,對話識別模組334從傳入訊息模組332接收傳入電子郵件訊息並嘗試識別與該傳入電子郵件訊息有關的一既有對話。若對話識別模組334無法成功識別與該傳入電子郵件訊息有關的一既有對話,則對話識別模組334可關聯該傳入電子郵件訊息與一新的對話。該對話識別模組334可利用任何數量之不同演算法與條件以明確地或暗中地判定一訊息是否為一對話緒之部分。該實施例並不限於此內容中。
該邏輯流程900可於方塊906關聯該傳入訊息與該對話緒。舉例來說,若該傳入訊息模組332識別該傳入訊息為一既有對話緒之部分,則該對話識別模組334藉由指派該傳入訊息一共用對話識別碼於該傳入訊息之適當屬性中而關聯該傳入訊息與該對話緒。然而,若該傳入訊息模組332並未識別該傳入訊息為一既有對話緒之一部分,則該對話識別模組334藉由指派該傳入電子郵件一新的對話識別碼而關聯該傳入電子郵件訊息與一新的對話。在對話識別模組334關聯該傳入電子郵件訊息與一既有對話或關聯該傳入電子郵件訊息與一新的對話之後,對話識別模組334可儲存該傳入電子郵件訊息伴隨識別與該傳入電子郵件訊息有關之對話的一對話識別碼於一訊息資料庫350中。
該邏輯流程900可於方塊908判定一對話規則是否與該對話緒有關。舉例來說,該對話管理員模組336搜尋一CAT以判定一對話規則是否與該對話緒有關。該對話管理員模組336可使用任何數量之不同搜尋標準搜尋該CAT,例如該對話識別碼等等。
該邏輯流程900可於方塊910應用該對話規則至該傳入訊息。舉例來說,當該對話管理員模組336設定與該對話緒有關的一對話規則時,該對話管理員模組336應用該設定之對話規則至該傳入訊息。該對話管理員模組336於該傳入訊息上依據該對話規則所定義者執行特定訊息處理操作,例如刪除該傳入訊息、移動該傳入訊息、分類該傳入訊息、轉送該傳入訊息至用於另一使用者之另一電子郵件應用程式300、回覆該傳入訊息、複製該傳入訊息、或者由一特定電子郵件應用程式提供之任何其他訊息處理操作。該對話管理員模組336亦可使用一傳入訊息及對應之對話規則以啟動或觸發用於該訊息資料庫350所儲存之其他訊息或者在運算裝置110、130上執行之應用程式的後續操作。
第10圖說明適於儲存各種實施例之邏輯的一產品1000。如圖所示,該產品1000可包含一儲存媒體1002以儲存邏輯1004。該儲存媒體1002之範例可包括能儲存電子資料之一或多種類型的電腦可讀取儲存媒體,其包括依電性記憶體或非依電性記憶體、可移除或不可移除記憶體、可抹除或不可抹除記憶體、可寫入或不可寫入記憶體等等。該邏輯1004之範例可包括各種軟體元件,例如軟體部件、程式、應用、電腦程式、應用程式、系統程式、機器程式、作業系統軟體、中介軟體、韌體、軟體模組、常式、子常式、功能、方法、程序、軟體介面、應用程式介面(API)、指令集、運算碼、電腦編碼、編碼片段、電腦編碼片段、文字、數值、符號或者其任何結合。
舉例來說,在一實施例中,該產品1000及/或該電腦可讀取儲存媒體1002可儲存包含可執行電腦程式指令的邏輯1004,該指令於被一電腦執行時會使該電腦依據該描述之實施例執行方法及/或操作。該可執行電腦程式指令可包括任何適用之編碼類型,例如原始碼、編譯碼、解譯碼、可執行編碼、靜態編碼、動態編碼等等。該可執行電腦程式指令可依據一預定電腦語言、方式或語法加以實施以供指示一電腦執行一特定功能。可使用任何適用之高階、低階、物件導向、視覺、編譯及/或解譯程式語言實施該指令,例如C、C++、Java、BASIC、Matlab、Pascal、視覺BASIC、組合語言等等。
可使用硬體元件、軟體元件或兩者之一結合而實施各種實施例。硬體元件之範例可包括如先前提供給一邏輯裝置之範例的任一者,並進一步包括微處理器、電路、電路元件(例如電晶體、電阻、電容、電感等等)、積體電路、邏輯閘、暫存器、半導體裝置、晶片、微晶片、晶片組等等。軟體元件之範例可包括軟體部件、程式、應用、電腦程式、應用程式、系統程式、機器程式、作業系統軟體、中介軟體、韌體、軟體模組、常式、子常式、功能、方法、程序、軟體介面、應用程式介面(API)、指令集、運算碼、電腦編碼、編碼片段、電腦編碼片段、文字、數值、符號或前述之任何結合。判定一實施例是否係使用硬體元件及/或軟體元件加以實施可依據任何數量之參數而改變,例如用於一特定實施所需之所需運算速率、電源層級、熱容忍度、處理週期預算、輸入資料速率、輸出資料速率、記憶體資源、資料匯流排速度及其他設計或效能限制。
可使用『結合的』及『連接的』伴隨其衍生詞等措詞描述某些實施例。這些術語並不必然意圖作為彼此之同義詞。舉例來說,可使用『連接的』及/或『結合的』術語以指示兩或多種元件彼此間具有直接之實體或電子接觸。然而,該『結合的』術語亦可表示兩或多種元件彼此並未直接接觸,但仍與彼此共同作業或互動。
應強調提供本說明書之摘要係遵守37 C.F.R.Sec.1.72(b),其要求一摘要將使讀者可快速地確認該技術揭露的本質。其被提出係了解其將不會被用作解釋或限制該申請專利範圍之範圍或意義。此外,在前述實施方式中,可發現各種特徵為了流暢描述本說明書之目的而被群聚於一單一實施例中。此說明方法並非將被解釋為反映該請求項之實施例需要之特徵比每個請求項中明確引述者更多的意圖。反之,如以下申請專利範圍所反映者,具新穎性之申請專利主題所需要之特徵將少於一單一揭露之實施例的所有特徵。因此以下之申請專利範圍藉此被整合至本實施方式中,其中每個請求項分別作為一獨立實施例。在該申請專利範圍中,『包括』及『其中』等術語被使用作為『包含』及『之中』等個別術語的簡易英語均等物。再者,『第一』、『第二』、『第三』等術語僅被使用作為標記且無意對其目標施加數字上的要求。
雖然已藉由特定於結構特徵及/或方法動作之語言描述該申請專利主題,但將了解該附加之申請專利範圍中所定義的申請專利主題並不必然限於前述之特定特徵或動作。反之,前述之特定特徵及動作僅被揭露為實施該申請專利範圍的示範形式。
100...作業環境
110...客戶端運算裝置
118...網路
120,120a...運算系統
122...客戶端應用程式
124...電子郵件客戶端應用程式
126,136...其他應用程式
128,138...作業系統
130...伺服器運算裝置
132...伺服器應用程式
134...電子郵件伺服器應用程式
140...資料庫
150,150a...通信系統
200...運算裝置
204...處理器
206...系統記憶體
208...隨機存取記憶體(RAM)
210...唯讀記憶體(ROM)
212...系統匯流排
214...大量儲存裝置
216...程式模組
218...程式資料
220...網路介面
222...輸入/輸出(I/O)控制器
224...輸入裝置
226...輸出裝置
300...電子郵件應用程式
310...項目儲存
312...收件匣資料夾
314...垃圾資料夾
316...已傳送資料夾
318...其他資料夾
320...封存檔案
330...項目管理邏輯
332...傳入訊息模組
334...對話識別模組
336...對話管理員模組
338...訊息擷取模組
340...傳出訊息模組
342...其他訊息模組
350...訊息資料庫
402,404,502,504,602,604,702,704,802,804...對話檢視
420...訊息
410,412...類別指示器
900...邏輯流程
902,904,906,908,910...方塊
1000...產品
1002...儲存媒體
1004...邏輯
第1圖說明一作業環境的一實施例;第2圖說明一運算裝置的一實施例;第3圖說明一電子應用程式的一實施例;第4圖說明一第一對話檢視的一實施例;第5圖說明一第二對話檢視的一實施例;第6圖說明一第三對話檢視的一實施例;第7圖說明一第四對話檢視的一實施例;第8圖說明一第五對話檢視的一實施例;第9圖說明一邏輯流程的一實施例;及第10圖說明一文章的一實施例。
902-910的步驟流程
Claims (12)
- 一種用於處理具有訊息的對話之方法,包含以下步驟:接收一傳入訊息;判定該傳入訊息為包含複數個儲存訊息的一對話緒(conversation thread)的部分;藉由將針對該對話緒的一對話識別碼(conversation identifier)指派至該傳入訊息,來使該傳入訊息與該對話緒相關聯;建立針對該對話緒的一對話規則(conversation rule),該對話規則係針對該對話緒被建立一次;將針對該對話緒的該對話規則儲存於一對話行為表格(conversation action table)中,該對話行為表格包含複數個行(column),該等複數個行包含至少:一對話識別碼、指示是否該對話規則被應用至該對話識別碼的一布林參數、實施該對話規則所需的資訊,該資訊包含至少一類別名稱、及指示該對話規則是維持有效到何時的一到期日期與時間;判定出該對話規則與該對話緒有關;將該對話規則應用至該傳入訊息;及將該對話規則自動地應用至在該對話緒中的該等複數個儲存訊息。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,更包含以下步驟:接收如同一電子郵件訊息、一文字訊息、一簡訊服務訊息、一 多媒體訊息伺服器訊息、一語音訊息或一視訊訊息的該傳入訊息。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中建立針對該對話緒的一對話規則的步驟包含以下步驟:建立一總是刪除(always delete)對話規則,以自動地將該傳入訊息路由至一刪除項目資料夾。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中建立針對該對話緒的一對話規則的步驟包含以下步驟:建立一總是移動(always move)對話規則,以自動地將該傳入訊息路由至一目標項目資料夾。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中建立針對該對話緒的一對話規則的步驟包含以下步驟:建立一總是分類(always categorize)對話規則,以自動地指派針對該傳入訊息的一類別。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中使該傳入訊息與該對話緒相關聯的步驟包含以下步驟中之至少一者:判定出該傳入訊息包含一「答覆(in-reply-to)」屬性,其指示一數值對應至由在該對話緒中的該至少一個既有訊息之一「訊息識別碼」屬性所指示的一數值;判定出該傳入訊息包含一「參照(reference)」屬性,其指示一數值對應至由在該對話緒中的該至少一個既有訊息之該「訊息識別碼」屬性所指示的一數值;及判定出該傳入訊息之一標準化「主題(subject)」屬性對應至在該對話緒中的該至少一個既有訊息之一標準化「主題」屬性。
- 一種包含一有形體電腦可讀取記憶體儲存之物件,該記憶體儲存含有指令,若該等指令由一電腦系統所執行,則能夠使該電腦系統執行以下步驟:判定一傳入訊息為包含複數個儲存訊息的一對話緒的部分;藉由將針對該對話緒的一對話識別碼指派至該傳入訊息,來使該傳入訊息與該對話緒相關聯;建立針對該對話緒的一對話規則,該對話規則係針對該對話緒被建立一次;將針對該對話緒的該對話規則儲存於一對話行為表格中,該對話行為表格包含複數個行,該等複數個行包含至少:一對話識別碼、指示是否該對話規則被應用至該對話識別碼的一布林參數、實施該對話規則所需的資訊,該資訊包含至少一類別名稱、及指示該對話規則是維持有效到何時的一到期日期與時間;擷取與該對話緒有關的一對話規則;將該對話規則應用至該傳入訊息;及將該對話規則自動地應用至在該對話緒中的該等複數個儲存訊息。
- 如請求項7所述之物件,其中該對話規則包含:一總是刪除對話規則,以自動地將該傳入訊息路由至一刪除項目資料夾、一總是移動對話規則,以自動地將該傳入訊息路由至一目標項目資料夾、或一總是分類對話規則,以自動地指派針對該傳入訊息的一類別。
- 一種用於處理具有訊息的對話之設備,該設備至 少包含:一傳入訊息模組,用以接收一傳入訊息;一對話識別模組,係通信地連接至該傳入訊息模組,該對話識別模組係用以判定該傳入訊息為一對話緒的部分,並藉由將該傳入訊息之一對話識別碼屬性設定為針對該對話緒的一對話識別碼來使該傳入訊息與該對話緒相關聯,該對話緒包含複數個儲存訊息;及一對話管理員模組,係通信地連接至該對話識別模組,該對話管理員模組係用以:建立針對該對話緒的一對話規則,該對話規則係針對該對話緒被建立一次;將針對該對話緒的該對話規則儲存於一對話行為表格中,該對話行為表格包含複數個行,該等複數個行包含至少:一對話識別碼、指示是否該對話規則被應用至該對話識別碼的一布林參數、實施該對話規則所需的資訊,該資訊包含至少一類別名稱、及指示該對話規則是維持有效到何時的一到期日期與時間;判定出該對話規則與該對話緒有關;將該對話規則應用至該傳入訊息;及將該對話規則自動地應用至在該對話緒中的該等複數個儲存訊息。
- 如請求項9所述之設備,該等訊息包含:電子郵件訊息、文字訊息、簡訊服務訊息、多媒體訊息伺服器訊息、語音訊息或視訊訊息。
- 如請求項9所述之設備,其中該對話規則包含:一總是刪除對話規則,以自動地將該傳入訊息路由至一刪除項目資料夾、一總是移動對話規則,以自動地將該傳入訊息路由至一目標項目資料夾、或一總是分類對話規則,以自動地指派針對該傳入訊息的一類別。
- 如請求項9所述之設備,該設備包含:一訊息資料庫,係通信地連接至該對話管理員模組,該訊息資料庫係用以儲存針對該對話緒的該等複數個訊息。
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