TWI453238B - An extension film, a manufacturing method thereof, and a liquid crystal display device - Google Patents
An extension film, a manufacturing method thereof, and a liquid crystal display device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI453238B TWI453238B TW097143647A TW97143647A TWI453238B TW I453238 B TWI453238 B TW I453238B TW 097143647 A TW097143647 A TW 097143647A TW 97143647 A TW97143647 A TW 97143647A TW I453238 B TWI453238 B TW I453238B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- film
- resin
- stretched film
- less
- Prior art date
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000113 methacrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006302 stretch film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 158
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 19
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 12
- -1 ethylene, propylene Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003518 norbornenyl group Chemical group C12(C=CC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 2
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- YFZHODLXYNDBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 YFZHODLXYNDBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IRQWEODKXLDORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IRQWEODKXLDORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Vinylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/023—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets using multilayered plates or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
- B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
- B29C55/16—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial simultaneously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/20—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising esters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/286—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysulphones; polysulfides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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Description
本發明關於延展膜、其製造方法以及液晶顯示裝置。
液晶顯示裝置具有高畫質、薄型、輕量、低消耗電力等的特徵,廣泛使用於電視、個人電腦、導航機等。液晶顯示裝置係在液晶胞的上下方,以透射軸呈正交的方式配置2片偏光鏡,藉由對液晶胞施加電壓,而改變液晶分子的配向,在畫面顯示影像。於扭曲向列模式的液晶顯示裝置中,電壓施加時液晶分子係呈垂直配向狀態,大多成為黑顯示的構成。於面內轉換(IPS)模式的液晶顯示裝置中,電壓無施加時液晶分子係在固定方向中配向,電壓施加時配向方向旋轉45度,大多成為白顯示的構成。
於以2片偏光鏡的透射軸指向上下方向及左右方向以正交的方式配置的液晶顯示裝置中,當從上下左右方向觀看畫面時,得到充分的對比。但是,若從上下左右以外的方向傾斜地觀看畫面,則入射側偏光鏡的透射軸與出射側偏光鏡的透射軸由於外觀上不是正交,不會完全遮斷直線偏光而發生漏光,得不到十分黑,對比會降低。因此,嘗試對液晶顯示裝置施加光學補償手段,以防止畫面的對比之降低。
如此的光學補償手段之開發及其改善在以前有進行,例如日本發明專利申請案公開第2004-133313號公報中揭示一種光學積層體,其係在含有固有雙折射值為負的材料當作主成分而成的A層之至少一面上,層合含有透明樹脂當作主成分而成的B層,面內方向遲滯值Re的變動為±10nm以內的光學積層體。又,日本發明專利申請案公開第2005-274725號公報中揭示一種光學積層體,其係在由固有雙折射值為負的樹脂所成的A層之至少片面上,層合由透明樹脂所成的實質上無配向的B層,將A層的面內方向遲滯值Re設定在超過B層的面內方向遲滯值Re之值的光學積層體。再者,日本發明專利申請案公開第2007-72201號公報中揭示一種各向異性薄膜,其係含有50重量%以上的苯乙烯系樹脂之延展膜,將指定溫度的加熱收縮應力、面內方向遲滯值、配向角的變動幅度規定在指定的範圍。
如此等專利文獻所用的苯乙烯系樹脂,由於具有高的透明性與負的固有雙折射值等,故認為是用於展現所欲光學特性的有效材料。然而,用其的薄膜係非常脆,在為了展現所欲的光學特性之延展時的連續輸送中多發生斷裂或皺紋,加工性(延展性)不佳,而且亦有加工後的延展膜之耐久性低的問題。又,有難以減小面內方向遲滯值Re的變動幅度或配向角θ的變動幅度,難以製造光學均勻性優異的延展膜之問題。
對於此等問題,於前掲日本發明專利申請案公開第2007-72201號公報中,藉由將(維卡溫度+30℃)的加熱收縮應力之流動(MD)方向與寬度(TD)方向的差設定在0.5~8.0MPa等而謀求改善,但尚未充分。又,於前掲日本發明專利申請案公開第2004-133313號公報或前揭日本發明專利申請案公開第2005-274725號公報中,藉由在苯乙烯系樹脂所成的層之至少一方面上層合透明樹脂層及延展等而謀求其改善,此等可說是有效的技術,但有進一步改善的餘地。
又,為了消除視角依賴性,使用將電場方向不是習知縱向而改變成橫向的液晶分子,在基板面上照樣平行地轉換之IPS方式的液晶顯示裝置,特別要求用於製作合適光學零件的延展膜。
本發明係鑒於這些點而完成者,其目的為提供延展加工性、耐久性、光學均勻性優異的延展膜。
另外,目的亦為提供用於製造IPS方式的液晶顯示裝置所適用的光學零件之延展膜、及顯示特性良好的IPS方式之液晶顯示裝置。
本發明人們發現藉由在苯乙烯系樹脂所成的層之兩面上層合有熱塑性樹脂層的積層薄膜中,將苯乙烯系樹脂所成的A層規定在指定量以下,而且同時二軸延展,則延展加工性、耐久性、光學均勻性優異,而且在用作為IPS方式的液晶顯示裝置之相位差板等時,可製造能實現優異顯示特性的延展膜,以該知識為基礎而完成本發明。
即,依照本發明的第1觀點,提供一種延展膜,其係由依順序層合熱塑性樹脂1所成的B1
層、苯乙烯系樹脂所成的A層及熱塑性樹脂2所成的B2
層而成的寬度超過1000mm之長條延展膜,A層佔前述延展膜的比率為45重量%以下,在至少1000mm的寬度方向中,相對於該寬度方向而言的配向角θ之平均值為0°±1°,配向角θ之變動為0.5°以下,Nz係數的值為在-3.5~-0.5的範圍。於此情況下,前述A層的比率較佳為35重量%以下。
又,於此情況下,較佳地,Nz係數的值之變動為0.2以下,面內方向的遲滯值Re為80nm以下,面內方向的遲滯值Re之變動為3nm以下,前述B1
層及前述B2
層中至少一者的面內方向之遲滯值Re為在0nm以上15nm以下的範圍。再者,較佳地,前述B1
層的平均厚度與前述A層的平均厚度之比(B1
層/A層)為2/1~1/1,前述B2
層的平均厚度與前述A層的平均厚度之比(A層/B2
層)為1/1~1/2,霧度為超過1%且在5%以下。此處,霧度係指入射光中,全光線透過率與擴散光線透過率之比。
依照本發明的第2觀點,提供一種IPS方式的液晶顯示裝置,其包括使用上述本發明的第1觀點之延展膜所製造的相位差板等之光學零件。
依照本發明的第3觀點,提供一種製造本發明第1觀點的延展膜之方法,其包含:藉由熔融共擠出,依順序層合熱塑性樹脂1所成的b1
層、苯乙烯系樹脂所成的a層及熱塑性樹脂2所成的b2
層而得到未延展的積層體c之步驟;及,將該積層體c同時二軸延展之步驟。於此情況下,延展溫度較佳為低於前述苯乙烯系樹脂的維卡軟化溫度+20℃。又,長度方向的延展倍率較佳為寬度方向的延展倍率之1.0~1.5倍。
依照本發明,可提供延展加工性、耐久性、光學均勻性優異,而且用於製造IPS方式的液晶顯示裝置所適用的光學零件之延展膜。又,可提供顯示特性良好的IPS方式之液晶顯示裝置。
本發明的延展膜係由依順序層合熱塑性樹脂1所成的B1
層、苯乙烯系樹脂所成的A層及熱塑性樹脂2所成的B2
層而成的寬度超過1000mm的長條延展膜,前述A層的比率為45重量%以下,於至少1000mm的寬度方向中,相對於該寬度方向而言的配向角θ之平均值為0°±1°,配向角θ之變動為0.5°以下,Nz係數的值為在-3.5~-0.5的範圍。再者,此處,長條係指相對於薄膜的寬度而言,具有至少5倍左右以上的長度者,較佳為具有10倍或其以上的長度,具體地指具有捲繞成捲筒狀的保管或搬運程度的長度者。
A層係由苯乙烯系樹脂所成的層。苯乙烯系樹脂係固有雙折射值顯示負值的熱塑性樹脂。再者,固有雙折射值顯示負值的樹脂係分子的配向方向之折射率比其它方向的折射率還小的樹脂,例如,於延展用其的成型體時,延展方向的折射率成為最小的樹脂。固有雙折射值(Δn0
)係指藉由下述式[1]所算出的值。
Δn0
=(2π/9)(Nd/M){(na2
+2)2
/na}(α1-α2)…[1]
但是,π係圓周率,N係亞伏加德羅數,d係密度,M係分子量,na係平均折射率,α1係高分子的分子鏈軸方向之極化率,α2係與高分子的分子鏈軸成垂直的方向之極化率。
本發明所言的A層所含有的苯乙烯系樹脂係具有苯乙烯單位構造當作重複單位的一部分或全部的樹脂,聚苯乙烯,或苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、鄰甲基苯乙烯、對甲基苯乙烯、對氯苯乙烯、對硝基苯乙烯、對胺基苯乙烯、對羧基苯乙烯、對苯基苯乙烯等的苯乙烯系單體,及與乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯、異戊二烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、α-氯丙烯腈、N-苯基馬來醯亞胺、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、馬來酸酐、醋酸乙烯酯等其它單體的共聚物等。於此等之中,在苯乙烯系樹脂之中,可合遍地採用聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯與N-苯基馬來醯亞胺的共聚物或苯乙烯與馬來酸酐的共聚物。
A層佔延展膜的比率為45重量%以下,更佳為35重量%以下。從展現所欲光學特性的觀點來看,A層之比率的下限為20重量%左右。
構成本發明的延展膜之B1
層係由熱塑性樹脂1所成,於此實施形態中,係實質上無配向的透明層。又,B2
層係由熱塑性樹脂2所成,於此實施形態中,係實質上無配向的透明層。作為熱塑性樹脂1及熱塑性樹脂2,較佳為各自以形成厚度1mm的試驗片所測定的全光線透過率為70%以上者,較佳為80%以上者,特佳為90%以上者。作為如此的熱塑性樹脂1、2,例如可舉出丙烯酸樹脂、甲基丙烯酸樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚芳酯樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、鏈狀聚烯烴樹脂、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯樹脂、聚碸樹脂、聚氯乙烯樹脂、二乙醯纖維素樹脂、三乙醯纖維素樹脂、脂環式烯烴樹脂等。於此等之中,作為熱塑性樹脂1、2,較佳為脂環式烯烴樹脂或甲基丙烯酸樹脂。其中,熱塑性樹脂1、2若為甲基丙烯酸樹脂,則薄膜全體的光彈性可以成為3×10-12
m2
/N以下,沒有框緣故障等的問題。再者,構成B1
層的熱塑性樹脂1與構成B2
層的熱塑性樹脂2,係可為相同種類,也可為不同種類。
甲基丙烯酸樹脂係含有甲基丙烯酸烷基酯單位當作主單體單位的聚合物樹脂。作為甲基丙烯酸樹脂,可舉出甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯等之具有碳數1~4的烷基之甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的均聚物;烷基的氫經OH基、COOH基或NH2
基等的官能基所取代的具有碳數1~4的烷基之甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的均聚物;或,甲基丙烯酸烷基酯與苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、α,β-單乙烯性不飽和羧酸、乙烯基甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸烷基酯等的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯以外的乙烯性不飽和單體之共聚物。此等可為單獨一種或組合2種以上來使用。於此等之中,較佳為丙烯酸烷基酯與甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚合。於合適的甲基丙烯酸樹脂中,較佳含有50~100重量%、更佳50~99.9重量%、特佳50~99.5重量%的可經官能基取代的具有碳數1~4的烷基之甲基丙烯酸烷基酯單位,較佳含有0~50重量%、更佳0.1~50重量%、特佳0.5~50重量%的丙烯酸烷基酯單位。
脂環式烯烴樹脂係在主鏈及/或側鏈具有脂環構造的非晶性熱塑性樹脂。作為脂環式烯烴樹脂中的脂環構造,可舉出飽和脂環烴(環烷)構造、不飽和脂環烴(環烯)構造等,但從機械強度、耐熱性等的觀點來看,較佳為環烷構造。構成脂環構造的碳原子數係沒有特別的限制,於通常4~30個時,較佳5~20個時,更佳5~15個時,機械強度、耐熱性及薄膜的成型性之特性係高度平衡而較佳。
具有構成脂環式烯烴樹脂的脂環構造之重複單位的比率較佳為55重量%以上,更佳為70重量%以上,特佳為90重量%以上。從透明性及耐熱性的觀點來看,脂環式烯烴樹脂中的具有脂環式構造之重複單位的比率較佳為在該範圍。
作為脂環式烯烴樹脂,可舉出原冰片烯樹脂、單環的環狀烯烴樹脂、環狀共軛二烯樹脂、乙烯基脂環式烴樹脂、及此等的氫化物等。於此等之中,較佳為使用原冰片烯樹脂,因為透明性與成型性良好。
作為原冰片烯樹脂,例如可舉出具有原冰片烯構造的單體之開環聚合物或具有原冰片烯構造的單體與其它單體的開環共聚物、或此等的氫化物;具有原冰片烯構造的單體之加成聚合物或具有原冰片烯構造的單體與其它單體的加成共聚物、或此等的氫化物等。於此等之中,從透明性、成型性、耐熱性、低吸濕性、尺寸安定性、輕量性等的觀點來看,特佳為使用具有原冰片烯構造的單體之開環(共)聚合物氫化物。
構成B1
層的熱塑性樹脂1及構成B2
層的熱塑性樹脂2之玻璃轉移溫度Tg(b)(熱塑性樹脂之種類不同時為Tg(b1)、Tg(b2))較佳為40℃以上,更佳為60℃以上。
於上述構成A層的苯乙烯系樹脂、構成B1
層的熱塑性樹脂1及構成B2
層的熱塑性樹脂2中,按照需要,在不損害本發明的效果之範圍內,可添加抗氧化劑、熱安定劑、光安定劑、紫外線吸收劑、抗靜電劑、分散劑、氯捕捉劑、難燃劑、結晶化核劑、強化劑、防黏連劑、防霧劑、脫模劑、顏料、有機或無機的填充劑、中和劑、滑劑、分解劑、金屬鈍化劑、防污劑、抗菌劑或其它樹脂、熱塑性彈性體等眾所周知的添加劑。此等添加劑的添加量,相對於構成A層的苯乙烯系樹脂、構成B1
層的熱塑性樹脂1或構成B2
層的熱塑性樹脂2各100重量份而言,通常為0~50重量份,較佳為0~30重量份。
於本發明中,以波長400~700nm的光所測定的A層之面內方向的遲滯值(以下稱為面內遲滯值)Re(A)(nm)較佳為在30nm以上70nm以下的範圍內,B1
層及B2
層中至少一者的面內遲滯值Re(B2
)(nm)較佳為在0nm以上15nm以下的範圍內,可成為|Re(A)|>|Re(B1
)+Re(B2
)|。藉由成為|Re(A)|>|Re(B1
)+Re(B2
)|,可有效地利用已進行光學調整的固有雙折射值為負的苯乙烯系樹脂所成的A層之光學特性。若|Re(A)|≦|Re(B1
)+Re(B2
)|,則有不能充分展現光學補償機能之虞。再者,面內遲滯值Re係面內遅相軸方向的折射率nx與在面內與前述遅相軸正交的方向之折射率ny的差與薄膜(各層)的平均厚度D之相乘值,即Re=(nx-ny)×D。
於本實施形態中,關於B1
層或B2
層,實質上無配向係指在B1
層或B2
層內正交的x方向與y方向的折射率nBx與nBy之差小,以A層內正交的x方向與y方向的折射率各自為nAx、nAy,以A層的厚度為dA,以B1
層或B2
層的厚度為dB時,|(nAx-nAy)dA|+|(nBx-nBy)dB|的值為|(nAx-nAy)dA|的值之1.1倍以下。|Re(B1
)+Re(B2
)|更佳為20nm以下,尤佳為10nm以下,特佳為5nm以下。|Re(B1
)+Re(B2
)|若超過20nm,則有不能充分展現延展膜的光學補償機能之虞。
作為A層、B1
層及B2
層的積層體之延展膜的面內遲滯值Re(nm)之平均值較佳為80nm以下,其變動較佳為3nm以下。
延展膜的面內遲滯值Re係使用自動雙折射計,在延展膜的寬度方向中以50mm的間隔進行測定。此測定係在延展膜的流動方向中以50mm的間隔對經過1000mm的長度進行,以全部測定結果的平均值當作面內遲滯值Re的平均值。面內遲滯值Re的變動係從各測定結果的最大值扣除最小值後之值。
又,作為A層、B1
層及B2
層的積層體之延展膜的Nz係數之變動較佳為0.2以下。此處,Nz係數係將厚度方向的折射率當作nz,於與厚度方向垂直的面內中,將互相正交的2方向之折射率當作nx、ny(但是nx>ny),以Nz=(nx-nz)/(nx-ny)所表示。
延展膜的Nz係數係使用自動雙折射計,在延展膜的寬度方向中以50mm的間隔進行測定。此測定係在延展膜的流動方向中以50mm的間隔對經過1000mm的長度進行,以全部測定結果的平均值當作Nz係數。又,Nz係數的變動係指Nz係數的最大值與最小值之差。
於本發明中,B1
層的平均厚度與A層的平均厚度之比(B1
層/A層)為2/1~1/1,B2
層的平均厚度與A層的平均厚度之比(A層/B2
層)較佳為1/1~1/2。又,作為A層、B1
層及B2
層的積層體之延展膜的總厚度可為80~120μm。再者,作為A層、B1
層及B2
層的積層體之延展膜的霧度較佳為超過1%且在5%以下。此處,霧度係指於入射光之中,平行光線透過率與擴散光線透過率之比。此外,作為A層、B1
層及B2
層的積層體之延展膜,其長度方向的扯裂強度更佳為1N/mm以上。
於本發明中,以構成A層的苯乙烯系樹脂及構成B層的熱塑性樹脂之玻璃轉移溫度各自為Tg(a)(℃)、Tg(b)(℃)(構成B1
層、B2
層的熱塑性樹脂之種類不同時為Tg(b1)、Tg(b2))時,較佳為Tg(a)>Tg(b)+8℃,更佳為Tg(a)>Tg(b)+20℃,特佳為Tg(a)>Tg(b)+24℃。此時,當Tg(b1)與Tg(b2)兩個溫度存在時,在上述關係式的Tg(b),採用Tg(b1)與Tg(b2)之中溫度高者當作基準。
又,以構成A層的苯乙烯系樹脂及構成B層的熱塑性樹脂之維卡軟化溫度各自為Teg(a)(℃)、Teg(b)(℃)(構成B1
層、B2
層的熱塑性樹脂之種類不同時為Teg(b1)、Teg(b2))時,較佳為Teg(a)>Teg(b)+15℃,更佳為Teg(a)>Teg(b)+20℃,特佳為Teg(a)>Teg(b)+25℃。此時,當Teg(b1)與Teg(b2)兩個溫度存在時,在上述關係式的Teg(b),採用Teg(b1)與Teg(b2)之中溫度高者當作基準。
於共延展由苯乙烯系樹脂所成的未延展樹脂層(a層)與在其兩面上由熱塑性樹脂所成的未延展樹脂層(b1
層、b2
層)所各自積層成之未延展的積層體c時,若在溫度Tg(a)(℃)附近進行延展,則可充分且均勻地展現苯乙烯系樹脂所成的A層之複折射特性。此時,熱塑性樹脂所成之未延展的樹脂層(b1
層、b2
層),由於在比其玻璃轉移溫度Tg(b)或維卡軟化溫度Teg(b)還高20℃以上的溫度進行延展,故高分子幾乎沒有配向,而成為實質上無配向的狀態。
於本發明的延展膜中,可按照需要對B1
層及/或B2
層的表面進行粗面化。粗面化的手段係沒有特別的限制,例如可舉出電暈放電處理、壓花加工、噴砂、蝕刻、微粒子的附著等。藉由將B1
及/或B2
層的表面粗面化,可提高接著性。
本發明的延展膜之霧度係可藉由上述添加劑的添加量或粗面化處理來調整。
本發明的延展膜,由於在苯乙烯系樹脂所成的A層之兩面上層合熱塑性樹脂所成的B1
層、B2
層,而且A層佔延展膜的比率為45重量%以下,故可防止各層的收縮率之差所造成的積層體翹曲之發生。又,於構成A層的苯乙烯系樹脂中摻合紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑等的添加劑時,可防止共擠出或共延展時添加劑的揮發、或積層體的添加劑之滲出。於容易受氧化的構成A層之苯乙烯系樹脂中,藉由摻合抗氧化劑,可有效地防止樹脂的劣化。
於本發明的延展膜中,亦可在A層與B1
層、B2
層之間設置接著劑層。接著劑層係可由對構成光學積層體的A層與B1
層、B2
層各具有親和性者所形成。例如,可舉出乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸甲基共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸乙基共聚物等的乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物;乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物等的乙烯系共聚物或其它烯烴系聚合物。又,亦可使用此等(共)聚合物經氧化、皂化、氯化、氯磺化等所改性的改性物。接著劑層的厚度較佳為1~50μm,更佳為2~30μm。於本發明的延展膜中含有前述接著劑層時,接著劑的玻璃轉移溫度或軟化點Tg(d)較佳為比前述Tg(a)及Tg(b)還低,更佳為比Tg(a)及Tg(b)還低15℃以上。
本發明的延展膜之製造方法係包含以下步驟而構成:藉由熔融共擠出,依順序層合熱塑性樹脂1所成的b1
層、苯乙烯系樹脂所成的a層及熱塑性樹脂2所成的b2
層而得到未延展的積層體c之步驟;及,將該積層體c同時二軸延展之步驟。
作為得到未延展的積層體c之方法,可適宜地利用共擠出T模頭法、共擠出吹脹法、共擠出層合法等的共擠出成型方法、乾層合等的薄膜層合成型方法、及如對基材樹脂薄膜塗佈樹脂溶液的塗佈成型方法等眾所周知的方法。其中,從製造效率或在薄膜中不殘留溶劑等的揮發性成分之觀點來看,較佳為共擠出成型方法。擠出溫度係可按照所使用之構成A層的苯乙烯系樹脂、構成B1
層的熱塑性樹脂1、構成B2
層的熱塑性樹脂2以及視需要使用的接著劑之種類來適宜選擇。未延展的積層體c係長條多層薄膜,其寬度為1000mm以上。
未延展的積層體c之延展,例如係使用包括沿著一對導軌而各自行進的複數夾頭(抓具)之縮放儀方式的同時二軸延展裝置。此同時二軸延展裝置係將抓住薄膜的夾頭之間隔打開,進行縱向(流動方向)的延展,同時藉由導軌的擴展而橫向(寬度方向)地延展者。於利用輥間的周速差在縱向延展後,以夾頭抓住其兩端部,使用拉幅機在橫向延展而逐次二軸延展法中,由於在縱向延展後,樹脂被暫時冷卻,然後為了在橫向延展,再度加熱,故經由熱鬆弛,在橫向延展時,改變縱向延展所得之所欲光學特性,而難以展現所欲的特性,但若為同時二軸延展,則沒有如此的問題,可得到具有良好光學特性的延展膜。
未延展的積層體c之延展溫度較佳為苯乙烯系樹脂的維卡軟化溫度-4℃以上,更佳為苯乙烯系樹脂的維卡軟化溫度+4℃以上。又,未延展的積層體c之延展溫度較佳為低於苯乙烯系樹脂的維卡軟化溫度+20℃未満,更佳為低於苯乙烯系樹脂的維卡軟化溫度+10℃。此係因為若設定在此範圍,則延展適應性(操業性)佳。又,長度方向的延展倍率較佳為在寬度方向之延展倍率的1.0~1.5倍範圍。
此處所應製造的延展膜之目標面內遲滯值Re係可藉由調整同時二軸延展時的薄膜之輸送速度(線速度)來展現。此輸送速度較佳為在12~16m/min的範圍內調整。此係因為若低於12m/min則進行弓形化(配向角輪廓的雜亂),若超過16m/min則進行倒弓形化。
配向角的輪廓應盡可能地扁平,即可以相對於寬度方向而言配向角θ的平均值成為0°±1°、配向角θ的變動成為0.5°以下的方式,藉由延展條件(微延展、熱定型溫度、牽引張力)來微調整。
此處,微延展係指在同時二軸延展裝置的烘箱內,於將薄膜延展結束前,使少量延展或收縮(最終延展倍率不變)者,熱定型溫度係指用於安定化在同時二軸延展裝置的烘箱出口之外附近所配置的薄膜之加熱區間的溫度(比延展溫度還低的溫度),牽引張力係指同樣地在從烘箱出口的外側附近到達薄膜的捲繞為止的區間,作用於薄膜的流動方向之張力。
微延展係可藉由調整同時二軸延展裝置的拉幅機的導軌曲線。
熱定型溫度係可在(延展溫度-30℃)以上、低於延展溫度的溫度範圍內設定。於發生弓形化時,通常可藉由如上述所示的微延展來調整,亦可藉由提高熱定型溫度或降低牽引張力來調整。又,同樣地於發生倒弓形時,可藉由降低熱定型溫度或提高牽引張力,以配向角的輪廓成為扁平的方式,進行微調整。
藉由層合上述本發明的延展膜與偏光板,可得到能用於液晶顯示裝置等的光學元件。作為偏光板,可使用於含有由二色性物質的聚乙烯醇系偏光薄膜等所成的偏光鏡之一側或兩側,經由適當的接著層,而接著作為保護層的透明保護薄膜者。作為偏光鏡,例如可使用對由聚乙烯醇或部分甲縮醛化聚乙烯醇等依照習知的適宜乙烯醇系聚合物所成的薄膜,以適宜的順序或方式施有碘或二色性染料等所成的二色性物質之染色處理、延展處理、交聯處理等的適宜處理者,可使自然光入射及使直線偏光透射的適宜者。特別地,較佳為透光率或偏光度優異者。偏光鏡的厚度一般為5~80μm,但不受此所限定。
作為於偏光鏡的一側或兩側所設置的成為透明保護層的保護薄膜材料,可使用適宜的透明薄膜。其中,較宜使用由透明性或機械強度、熱安定性或水分遮蔽性等優異的聚合物所成的薄膜等。作為其聚合物,可舉出如三乙醯纖維素的醋酸酯樹脂或聚酯樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、鏈狀聚烯烴樹脂、脂環式烯烴樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、甲基丙烯酸樹脂等,其中從雙折射小之點來看,較佳為醋酸酯樹脂或脂環式烯烴樹脂,從透明性、低吸濕性、尺寸安定性、輕量性等的觀點來看,特佳為脂環式烯烴樹脂。透明保護薄膜的厚度係任意,但一般而言以偏光板的薄型化等為目的係500μm以下,較佳為5~300μm,特佳為5~150μm。
本發明的延展膜與偏光板的層合可藉由接著劑或黏著劑等適宜的接著手段使貼合而進行。作為接著劑或黏著劑,例如可舉出丙烯酸系、聚矽氧系、聚酯系、聚胺甲酸酯系、聚醚系、橡膠系等。於此等之中,從耐熱性或透明性等的觀點來看,較佳為丙烯酸系。以延展膜的遅相軸與偏光鏡的透射軸成平行或正交的方式,層合延展膜與偏光板。作為層合方法,可舉出眾所周知的方法,例如將延展膜及偏光板分別切成所欲的大小而層合的方法,以輥對輥法來層合長條狀延展膜及長條狀偏光板的方法。此延展膜可兼任所層合的偏光板之透明保護薄膜,而可使元件薄型化。此光學元件的厚度通常為100~700μm,較佳為200~600μm。
使用至少1片用上述本發明的延展膜所製造的光學薄膜(相位差板等),可得到液晶顯示裝置。作為將光學薄膜併入液晶顯示裝置中的態樣,可舉出在偏光板與液晶胞之間配置光學薄膜的態樣,在偏光板之與液晶胞的相反側配置光學薄膜的態樣。於前述偏光板與液晶胞之間包括光學薄膜的態樣中,亦可在液晶胞上配置由上述光學薄膜與偏光板所成的光學元件。
液晶顯示裝置係可形成作為:在液晶胞的一側或兩側配置偏光板而成為透射型或反射型或透射‧反射兩用型等之具有依照習知的適宜構造者。作為液晶胞所使用的液晶模式,可舉出面內轉換(IPS)方式、垂直排列(VA)方式、多域垂直排列(MVA)方式、連續焰火狀排列(CPA)方式、扭曲向列(TN)方式、超扭曲向列(STN)方式、混合排列向列(HAN)方式、光學補償彎曲(OCB)方式等。於此等之中,IPS方式係特別適用。
於IPS方式中,由於使用水平方向成均勻配向的液晶分子、及透射軸相對於畫面正面而言指向上下及左右的方向之垂直位置關係的2片偏光鏡,故從上下左右的方向來傾斜地觀看畫面時,係2條透射軸成正交所見到的位置關係,均勻配向液晶層由於如轉換方式的液晶層所產生的雙折射亦少,故得到充分的對比。
相對於此,從方位角45度的方向傾斜地觀看畫面時,由於2片偏光鏡的透射軸所成的角度成為偏離90度的位置關係,故直線偏光不被完全遮斷而發生漏光,得不到十分黑,對比降低。藉由在IPS方式的液晶顯示裝置之2片偏光鏡之間,配置由上述本發明的延展膜所成的光學薄膜,而進行液晶胞中的液晶所造成的相位差之補償及2片偏光鏡的透射軸之正交配置的補償。藉此,有效地補償透射光所產生的雙折射而防止光的洩漏,可在全方位角中得到高的對比。此效果係在其它方式的液晶顯示裝置中亦被認為有同樣的效果,但在前述IPS方式中的效果係特別顯著。
於液晶顯示裝置中,在液晶顯示裝置的形成時,例如可在適宜的位置配置1層或2層以上的稜鏡陣列片、透鏡陣列片、光擴散板、背光或亮度提高薄膜等適宜的零件。
以下舉出實施例來更詳細說明本發明。於以下實施例及比較例中,延展膜的評價係藉由下述方法來進行。
將積層薄膜(未延展的積層體或延展膜)包埋在環氧樹脂內後,使用切片機[大和光機工業(股),RUB-2100]切割成0.05μm厚,使用透射型電子顯微鏡來觀察截面,測定各層的厚度及全體的厚度(總厚)。該測定係在流動方向以50mm的間隔,對經過1000mm的長度進行。然後,對各層的厚度、全體的厚度,算出全部測定結果的平均值。
依照JIS K7128-2(埃爾曼多夫扯裂法),關於延展膜的中央部之長度方向,使用拉伸試驗機[IMADA公司製,ZP-5N(商品名)],在與遅相軸成正交的方向中進行拉伸,計測發生龜裂的時間點之強度,當作扯裂強度。
於延展裝置內實際輸送長條延展膜,調查有無發生斷裂、皺紋及其程度。
在延展膜的寬度方向中以50mm的間隔,使用偏光顯微鏡[OLYMPUS公司製,偏光顯微鏡BX51],測定薄膜的面內遅相軸(與薄膜的寬度方向所成的角度)。此測定係於延展膜的流動方向中以50mm的間隔,對經過1000mm的長度進行。將全部測定結果平均而當作配向角θ的平均值。又,以配向角的最大值與最小值的差當作配向角θ的變動。
使用自動雙折射計[王子計測機器(股),KOBRA-21ADH],在波長590nm,於延展膜的寬度方向中以50mm的間隔進行測定。此測定係在延展膜的流動方向中以50mm的間隔,對經過1000mm的長度進行。將全部測定結果平均而當作Nz係數。又,以Nz係數的最大值與最小值之差當作Nz係數的變動。
使用自動雙折射計[王子計測機器(股),KOBRA-21ADH],在波長590nm,於延展膜的寬度方向中以50mm的間隔進行測定。此測定係在延展膜的流動方向中以50mm的間隔,對經過1000mm的長度進行。將全部測定結果平均而當作面內方向遲滯值Re的平均值。又,以面內遲滯值Re的最大值與最小值之差當作面內遲滯值Re的變動。
B1
層及B2
層的面內遲滯值,係對另途製作b1
層及b2
層的單層薄膜,接在與將未延展的積層體延展時相同的條件下,將其所延展的單層薄膜,進行測定。面內遲滯值的測定係藉由與延展膜的測定方法相同的方法來進行。
依照JIS K7361-1997,使用霧度計[日本電色工業公司製,NDH-300A]進行測定。再者,改變測定點,進行5次同樣的測定,以其算術平均值當作霧度值。
將由延展膜所成光學薄膜貼合於偏光板者,以延展膜之與偏光板的相反側之面,黏著在玻璃基板上,於-40℃~+85℃的範圍重複實施500次的冷卻‧加熱,調查隆起、剝落、破損等的有無。
將由延展膜所成的光學薄膜貼合於偏光板而成的光學元件,與市售的面內轉換(IPS)方式的液晶顯示裝置之入射側的偏光板進行調換,對經調換的液晶顯示裝置,藉由目視從正面來觀看畫面的情況,及從傾斜方向觀看的情況來確認。表1中,「○」表示良好、「△」表示稍微良好,「×」表示不良。
經由共擠出成型而得到具有由含橡膠粒子的甲基丙烯酸樹脂[玻璃轉移溫度105℃,維卡軟化溫度103℃]所成的b1
層、b2
層、由苯乙烯-馬來酸酐共聚物[NOVA化學日本(股),DYLARK D332,玻璃轉移溫度130℃,維卡軟化溫度130℃,寡聚物成分含量3重量%]所成的a層之b1
層(70μm)-a層(40μm)-b2
層(70μm)的未延展的積層體c。對所得到的未延展的積層體c,於延展溫度134℃、延展速度107%/分、MD(流動方向)延展倍率1.6倍、TD(寬度方向)延展倍率1.2倍,進行同時二軸延展,得到1200mm、厚度(總厚)94μm的延展膜。此時,如表1中之對應項目中的「有」所表示地,為了使配向角輪廓成為扁平,實施牽引張力控制及熱定型溫度控制。
如表1所示地,所得到的延展膜之機械強度(扯裂強度、連續輸送性)、光學特性(配向角、配向角的變動、Nz係數、Nz係數的變動)皆非常良好。將由此延展膜與透射軸在長度方向的偏光板以輥對輥法層合而成的捲狀體所切出的光學元件貼著於玻璃基板,進行耐久試驗為良好「OK」。又,將光學元件與市售的面內轉換(IPS)方式的液晶顯示裝置之入射側的偏光板進行調換,藉由目視來確認所得到的液晶顯示裝置之顯示特性,結果在從正面來觀看畫面的情況或從傾斜方向來觀看的情況,顯示皆良好且均勻。
除了a層(A層)的比率、TD延展倍率、未延展的積層體之各層厚度係如表1中所示地,與實施例1不同以外,成為實施例1同樣。機械強度、光學特性、耐久性、顯示特性係良好。
除了a層(A層)的比率、延展溫度、MD延展倍率、TD延展倍率、未延展的積層體之各層厚度係如表1中所示地,與實施例1不同以外,成為實施例1同樣。在機械強度的連續輸送性雖然斷續地發生部分斷裂,但光學特性、耐久性、顯示特性為良好。
除了將延展手法變更為逐次二軸延展(縱延展之後橫延展),MD延展倍率、TD延展倍率係如表1所示地,與實施例1不同以外,成為實施例1相同。雖然機械強度、耐久性良好,但光學特性、顯示特性差。
除了將延展手法變更為縱一軸延展,a層(A層)的比率、MD延展倍率、未延展的積層體之各層厚度係如表1中所示地,與實施例1不同以外,成為實施例1相同。機械強度的連續輸送性雖然沒有問題,但扯裂強度變差。又,光學特性亦變差。再者,耐久性為不良「NG」。顯示特性的評價,由耐久性為NG,而無法實施。再者,表1中,「-」係表示無法實施評價。
除了將延展手法變更為逐次二軸延展(橫延展之後縱延展)以外,成為實施例1相同。在機械強度的連續輸送性發生斷續的皺紋。因此,扯裂強度、耐久性、顯示特性的評價係無法實施。表1中,「-」係表示無法實施評價。
除了將延展手法變更為橫一軸延展,a層(A層)的比率、MD延展倍率、TD延展倍率、未延展的積層體之各層厚度係如表1中所示地,與實施例1不同以外,成為與實施例1相同。在機械強度的連續輸送性係頻頻發生全面斷裂。因此,扯裂強度、耐久性、顯示特性的評價係無法實施。表1中,「-」係表示無法實施評價。
除了如表1中之對應項目中的「無」所表示地,無法實施牽引張力控制及熱定型溫度控制之點以外,係與實施例1同樣。光學特性(尤其配向角θ的變動)變差,而且如表1中之對應項目中的「△」所表示地,從顯示特性的正面來觀察的結果係稍微變差。
以上說明的實施形態及實施例係為了容易理解本發明而記載者,並不是為了限定本發明的記載。因此,上述實施形態及實施例中所揭示的各要素係亦包含屬於本發明的技術範圍之全部設計變更或均等物的要旨。
再者,本發明係與2007年11月27日所提出的日本發明專利申請案第2007-305977號中所含的主題有關聯,其揭示的全部係在此當作參照事項而明白地納內。
Claims (12)
- 一種延展膜,係由依順序層合甲基丙烯酸樹脂1所成的B1 層、苯乙烯系樹脂所成的A層及甲基丙烯酸樹脂2所成的B2 層,且同時二軸延展而成的寬度超過1000mm之長條延展膜,A層佔該延展膜的比率為45重量%以下,在至少1000mm的寬度方向中,相對於該寬度方向而言的配向角θ之平均值為0°±1°,配向角θ之變動為0.5°以下,Nz係數的值為在-3.5~-0.5的範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之延展膜,其中該A層的比率為35重量%以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜,其中Nz係數的值之變動為0.2以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜,其中面內方向的遲滯值Re之平均值為80nm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜,其中面內方向的遲滯值Re之變動為3nm以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜,其中該B1 層及該B2 層中至少一者的面內方向之遲滯值Re係在0nm以上15nm以下的範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜,其中該B1 層的平均厚度與該A層的平均厚度之比(B1 層/A層)為2/1~1/1,該B2 層的平均厚度與該A層的平均厚度之比(A層/B2 層)為1/1~1/2。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜,其霧度為超過1%且在5%以下。
- 一種IPS方式的液晶顯示裝置,包括用申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜所製造的光學零件。
- 一種延展膜之製造方法,製造申請專利範圍第1或2項之延展膜,其包含:藉由熔融共擠出,依順序層合甲基丙烯酸樹脂1所成的b1 層、苯乙烯系樹脂所成的a層及甲基丙烯酸樹脂2所成的b2 層而得到未延展的積層體c之步驟;及該積層體c同時二軸延展之步驟。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之延展膜之製造方法,其中延展溫度係低於該苯乙烯系樹脂的維卡軟化溫度+20℃。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之延展膜之製造方法,其中長度方向的延展倍率為寬度方向的延展倍率之1.0~1.5倍。
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US20100134879A1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-06-03 | Masanori Yoshihara | Display screen protection film and polarization plate |
JP5499983B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-04 | 2014-05-21 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 延伸光学フィルムの製造方法 |
WO2012077824A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光性積層フィルムおよび偏光板の製造方法 |
JP6251959B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-31 | 2017-12-27 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 位相差フィルムの製造方法 |
JP5935838B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-06-15 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 光学積層体 |
CN115576046B (zh) * | 2014-10-02 | 2023-05-12 | 日东电工株式会社 | 光学膜层叠体、使用光学膜层叠体的光学显示装置、和透明保护膜 |
WO2017145935A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-31 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学フィルム、光学フィルムの製造方法および表示装置 |
WO2018012373A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-18 | デンカ株式会社 | 二軸延伸シートおよびその成形品 |
WO2018079563A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-03 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 積層フィルム、その製造方法、偏光板、及び表示装置 |
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