TWI452216B - Sliding members and bearings - Google Patents

Sliding members and bearings Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI452216B
TWI452216B TW101148923A TW101148923A TWI452216B TW I452216 B TWI452216 B TW I452216B TW 101148923 A TW101148923 A TW 101148923A TW 101148923 A TW101148923 A TW 101148923A TW I452216 B TWI452216 B TW I452216B
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layer
sliding
porous layer
thickness
metal powder
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TW101148923A
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TW201337122A (zh
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Ryoichi Kurata
Kenzo Tadokoro
Kazushige Kumagai
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Senju Metal Industry Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F16C33/145—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in of sintered porous bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
    • F16C33/206—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/50—Lubricating properties
    • F16C2202/52—Graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/50—Lubricating properties
    • F16C2202/54—Molybdenum disulfide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30—Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/32—Polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/48—Particle sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C31/00—Bearings for parts which both rotate and move linearly
    • F16C31/02—Sliding-contact bearings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

滑動構件及軸承
本發明系關於一種使用於可滑動地支撐軸體之軸承上之滑動構件及軸承。
滑動構件使用很多在鋼板上貼合Cu-Sn系合金之滑動材料。先前被使用之Cu-Sn系合金系Cu-Sn-Pb合金，其藉添加Pb(鉛)而確保良好之滑動性。
另外，因為鉛對人體之有害性，所以，近年來鉛之使用在種種領域上受到限制，即使在滑動構件也提案不使用鉛之材料。這種不使用鉛之滑動材料，提案有使用樹脂材料之滑動構件(例如參照專利文獻1)。
先前之使用樹脂材料之滑動構件之構成，系在鋼板上形成Cu-Sn系合金之多孔質層，在此多孔質層上，含浸做為樹脂材料之聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)以被覆之。多孔質層系在鋼板上散佈Cu-Sn系合金粉末，散佈有Cu-Sn系合金粉末之鋼板以燒結爐燒結，而在鋼板上形成有Cu-Sn系合金之多孔質層。
【先行專利文獻】 【專利文獻】
【專利文獻1】日本特開2006-226299號公報
先前，形成多孔質層之金屬粉末之粒徑系75~150μm左右。相對於此，滑動層之厚度雖然系0.2~0.4mm左右，但是，相對於滑動層之厚度而言，形成多孔質層之金屬粉末之粒徑較大，粒徑之參差也較大，所以，相對於滑動層而言，多孔質層變厚，直到在滑動層表面露出多孔質層為止之滑動層之容許磨耗量變少。
滑動層以樹脂材料形成之滑動構件，雖然可適用在使用於油潤滑環境下之軸承，但是，有時油膜會臨時性裂開。在適用有滑動層以樹脂材料形成之滑動構件之軸承中，即使滑動層表面之油膜臨時裂開，形成滑動層之樹脂材料系擔任做為潤滑材料之角色。
但是，直到在滑動層表面露出多孔質層為止之滑動層之容許磨耗量變少時，在油膜裂開之狀態下，做為滑動對象物之軸體等接觸到多孔質層，而產生所謂「乾接觸」之現象。當產生「乾接觸」時，軸承與軸體會膠執，有可能產生軸體損傷等。
本發明系為解決這種課題而研發出者，其目的在於提供一種抑制多孔質層之露出以提高耐膠執性，同時提高耐磨耗性及耐負載性之滑動構件以及使用此滑動構件之軸承。
本發明者們發現藉使形成多孔質層之金屬粉末之粒徑減小，能抑制多孔質層之露出，提高耐膠執性，同時提高耐負載性。又，發現藉使滑動層之厚度變薄，能提高耐磨耗性。
在此，本發明系一種滑動構件，在金屬基材之一 面上，燒結金屬粉末以形成有多孔質層，在燒製含浸於前述多孔質層之樹脂材料以形成有滑動層，其特徵在於：使前述金屬粉末之粒徑為15~60μm，使前述滑動層之厚度為0.08~0.16mm，使前述多孔質層之厚度在0.06~0.1mm之範圍，其平均比前述滑動層之厚度還要薄。
又，本發明系一種軸承，在金屬基材之一面上，燒結金屬粉末以形成有多孔質層，使燒製含浸於前述多孔質層之樹脂材料以形成有滑動層之軸承構件，將前述滑動層當作內側以呈環狀，使圓筒狀之內周面以前述滑動層構成，其特徵在於：使前述金屬粉末之粒徑為15~60μm，使前述滑動層之厚度為0.08~0.16mm，使前述多孔質層之厚度在0.06~0.1mm之範圍，其平均比前述滑動層之厚度還要薄。
最好金屬粉末之粒徑在25~45μm之範圍內。
在本發明中，藉細微化形成多孔質層之金屬粉末之粒徑，能抑制多孔質層之露出，能提高耐膠執性。又，能提高多孔質層之強度以抑制多孔質層之變形，同時能抑制進入多孔質層之樹脂材料之變形，能提高耐負載性。
而且，藉細微化形成多孔質層之金屬粉末之粒徑，即使滑動層之厚度變薄，也能抑制多孔質層之露出，藉使滑動層之厚度變薄，能抑制滑動層之變形，能抑制伴隨滑動層變形之磨耗，能提高耐磨耗性。
1‧‧‧滑動構件
2‧‧‧金屬基材
3‧‧‧多孔質層
4‧‧‧樹脂材料
5‧‧‧滑動層
10‧‧‧軸承
30‧‧‧金屬粉末
第1圖系表示本實施形態滑動構件一例之剖面組織圖。
第2圖系表示本實施形態軸承一例之立體圖。
第3圖系表示負荷負載與壓縮變形量之關係之曲線圖。
以下，參照圖面說明本發明滑動構件之實施形態，及適用本發明滑動構件之軸承之實施形態。
<本實施形態之滑動構件之構成例>
第1圖系表示本實施形態滑動構件一例之剖面組織圖。本實施形態之滑動構件1，系在做為金屬基材2一面之表面上，以合金材料形成有多孔質層3，此多孔質層3系以樹脂材料4覆蓋，以形成有滑動層5。
多孔質層3系在金屬基材2之表面，以既定厚度燒結有金屬粉末30而被形成。在本例中，金屬粉末30系Cu-Sn系合金粉末，散佈在做為金屬基材2之銅電鍍鋼板上，散佈有Cu-Sn系合金粉末之銅電鍍鋼板以燒結爐燒結，而在銅電鍍鋼板上，形成Cu-Sn系合金之多孔質層3。
滑動層5系在形成於金屬基材2之表面之多孔質層3上，以既定厚度含浸樹脂材料4，被含浸在多孔質層3之樹脂材料4被燒結以形成。在本例中，樹脂主劑有PTFE之分散體，樹脂添加劑混合有二硫化鉬、黑鉛及碳纖維等之填料，且有機溶劑被加入攪拌以形成樹脂材料4。樹脂材料4系被載置於金屬基材2之表面之多孔質層3上而被按壓，被含浸在多孔質層3。而且，以燒製爐被加熱到超過PTFE之熔點而被燒製。
滑動構件1藉使形成多孔質層3之金屬粉末30之粒徑比先前細微化，而謀求使多孔質層3之厚度比先前還要薄，以抑制產生「乾接觸」之多孔質層3之露出，同時使滑動層5之厚度比先前還要薄，以提高耐磨耗性。
滑動構件1系使金屬粉末30之粒徑R為15~60μm，最好為25~45μm左右。先前，金屬粉末之粒徑系75~150μm，粒徑較大，而且，粒徑之參差較大。相對於此，在本實施形態中，金屬粉末30之粒徑較小，而且，壓低粒徑之參差。
滑動構件1系使多孔質層3之厚度T1 為0.06~0.1mm之範圍。多孔質層3之厚度，系被設定在金屬粉末30至少重疊超過兩個左右之厚度。
滑動構件1系使滑動層5之厚度T2 為0.08~0.16mm。滑動層5之厚度係被設定成平均比多孔質層3之厚度還要厚，使得多孔質層3不露出。先前，滑動層之厚度雖然系0.2~0.4mm左右，但是，形成多孔質層之金屬粉末之粒徑系75~150μm左右，粒徑之參差也較大，所以，相對於滑動層而言，多孔質層變厚，直到在滑動層表面露出多孔質層為止之滑動層之容許磨耗量變少。
相對於此，在本實施形態中，滑動層5之厚度T2 系被設定在0.08~0.16mm左右，與先前比較下，其構成較薄，但是，藉使金屬粉末30之粒徑R為15~60μm，最好為25~45μm，能使多孔質層3之厚度T1 薄到0.06~0.1mm左右，直到露出多孔質層3為止之滑動層5之容許磨耗量會增加。
<本實施形態之軸承之構成例>
第2圖系表示本實施形態軸承一例之立體圖。本實施形態之軸承10系使在第1圖說明過之滑動構件1，將滑動層5當作內側而構成環狀。軸承10以形成圓筒狀之內周面之滑動層5支撐軸體11。軸承10可適用於軸體11旋轉運動之形態，或者，直線運動之形態。
本實施形態之軸承10系使用於例如汽車等的避震器等之在直線運動形態下，使用油之滑動部。又，也使用於藉齒輪狀之構件旋轉，送出油之齒輪幫浦等之在旋轉運動形態下，使用油之滑動部。
<本實施形態之滑動構件及軸承之作用效果例>
軸承10藉軸體11進行旋轉運動或直線運動，在軸體11接觸滑動層5之表面局部之狀態下，軸體11滑動。構成軸承10之滑動構件1，如上所述，使形成多孔質層3之金屬粉末30之粒徑R為25~45μm左右，比先前還要細微化。
藉此，能使多孔質層3之厚度T1 薄到0.06~0.1mm左右，當使滑動層5之厚度T2 為0.08~0.16mm左右時，即使其構成比先前還要薄，也能增加直到在滑動層5表面露出多孔質層3為止之滑動層5之容許磨耗量。
藉此，藉使軸體11在滑動層5滑動，即使構成滑動層5之樹脂材料4磨耗，也能抑制多孔質層3之露出，而且抑制成為多孔質層3與軸體11直接接觸而膠執等之要因之「乾接觸」。
軸承10雖然使用於油潤滑環境下，但是，有時油膜會臨時裂開。在軸承10中，即使滑動層5的表面之油膜臨時裂開，形成滑動層5之樹脂材料4也擔任潤滑材料之角色。
如上所述，在軸承10中，即使油膜臨時裂開，藉抑制產生「乾接觸」之多孔質層3之露出，與以樹脂材料構成滑動層之先前軸承相比較下，能提高耐膠執性，以不含鉛之構成，能獲得與使用包含鉛之滑動材料之軸承相同程度之耐膠執性。
又，藉使滑動層5之厚度變薄，能抑制由軸體11在滑動層5滑動所做之滑動層5變形，能抑制伴隨滑動層5變形之磨耗，即使使滑動層5之厚度變薄，與以樹脂材料構成滑動層之先前軸承相比較下，能獲得相同程度之耐磨耗性。
而且，當金屬粉末30之粒徑平均比25μm還要小時，當形成多孔質層3後，金屬粉末間之間隙變小，樹脂材料4很難進入多孔質層3。相對於此，如果金屬粉末30之粒徑R為25~45μm時，被含浸在以此金屬粉末30形成之多孔質層3而燒製之樹脂材料4，進入多孔質層3之間，獲得所謂錨定效應，其與以先前粒徑之金屬粉末構成多孔質層之先前軸承相比較下，能獲得相同程度之樹脂密著性，能抑制滑動層5自金屬基材2剝離。
又，使形成多孔質層3之金屬粉末30之粒徑R為25~45μm左右，藉此，即使使滑動層5之厚度T2 薄到0.08~0.16mm左右時，也能提高耐負載性。第3圖系表示負荷負載與壓縮變形量之關係之曲線圖。
在第3圖之曲線圖中，以實線表示之實施例1系適用本發明之滑動構件，使滑動構件1全體之厚度為1mm，使金屬基材2之厚度為0.9mm，使得形成多孔質層3之金屬粉末30之粒徑R為25~45μm，滑動層5之厚度T2 為0.08~0.16mm左右。
以虛線表示之比較例1系使滑動構件全體之厚度為1.0mm，使金屬基材之厚度為0.75mm，使得形成多孔質層之金屬粉末之粒徑為75~150μm，滑動層之厚度為0.2~0.4mm左右。以中心線表示之比較例2，因為測定由金屬基材之厚度所做之差異，在與比較例1相同之條件下，使滑動構件全體之厚度為2.0mm，使金屬基材之厚度為1.8mm。
如第3圖之曲線圖所示，在實施例1中，於與比較例1及比較例2之對比下，可知相對於負載之滑動層之壓縮變形量變少。在比較例1與比較例2之對比下，金屬基材之厚度較薄者，有滑動層之壓縮變形量較少之傾向。
而且，藉使形成多孔質層3之金屬粉末30之粒徑R為25~45μm，在與各比較例之對比下，於多孔質層3中，金屬粉末30之密度變高，能抑制多孔質層3之變形及進入多孔質層3之樹脂材料4之變形，能提高耐負載性。藉此，也可使用在高負載環境下。
本發明可適用在使用於供給有油之環境下之滑動構件及軸承。
1‧‧‧滑動構件
2‧‧‧金屬基材
3‧‧‧多孔質層
4‧‧‧樹脂材料
5‧‧‧滑動層
30‧‧‧金屬粉末

Claims (4)

  1. 一種滑動構件，在金屬基材之一面上，燒結金屬粉末以形成有多孔質層，燒製含浸於前述多孔質層之樹脂材料而形成有滑動層，其特徵在於：使前述金屬粉末之粒徑為15~60μm，使前述滑動層之厚度為0.08~0.16mm，使前述多孔質層之厚度在0.06~0.1mm之範圍，其平均比前述滑動層之厚度還要薄。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之滑動構件，其中，使前述金屬粉末之粒徑為25~45μm。
  3. 一種軸承，在金屬基材之一面上，燒結金屬粉末以形成有多孔質層，使燒製含浸於前述多孔質層之樹脂材料而形成有滑動層之軸承構件，將前述滑動層當作內側以呈環狀，使圓筒狀之內周面以前述滑動層構成，其特徵在於：使前述金屬粉末之粒徑為15~60μm，使前述滑動層之厚度為0.08~0.16mm，使前述多孔質層之厚度在0.06~0.1mm之範圍，其平均比前述滑動層之厚度還要薄。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之軸承，其中，使前述金屬粉末之粒徑為25~45μm。
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