CN103403375B - 滑动构件和轴承 - Google Patents

滑动构件和轴承 Download PDF

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CN103403375B
CN103403375B CN201180068953.6A CN201180068953A CN103403375B CN 103403375 B CN103403375 B CN 103403375B CN 201180068953 A CN201180068953 A CN 201180068953A CN 103403375 B CN103403375 B CN 103403375B
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仓田良一
田所健三
熊谷和重
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Senju Metal Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

提供抑制多孔层的暴露并提高抗咬合性、而且提高了耐摩耗性和承载性的滑动构件。滑动构件1构成圆筒形状的轴承，内周面成为与轴的滑动层5。关于滑动构件1，在金属基材2的表面用合金材料形成多孔层3并将该多孔层3用树脂材料4被覆而形成滑动层5。关于滑动构件1，用于形成多孔层3的金属粉末30的粒径为15μm～60μm、优选为25μm～45μm左右。另外，关于滑动构件1，多孔层3的厚度为0.06mm～0.1mm的范围，滑动层5的厚度为0.08mm～0.16mm。将滑动层5的厚度设定得平均厚于多孔层3的厚度，以使多孔层3不会暴露。

Description

滑动构件和轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及可滑动地支承轴的轴承中所使用的滑动构件和轴承。
背景技术
作为滑动构件，大多使用在钢板上贴合有Cu-Sn系合金的滑动材料。目前使用的Cu-Sn系合金为Cu-Sn-Pb合金，通过Pb(铅)的添加确保了良好的滑动性。
另一方面，由于Pb对人体的有害性，近年来Pb的使用在各种领域中受到限制，对于滑动构件，也提出不使用Pb的材料。提出了使用树脂材料作为这种不使用Pb的滑动材料的滑动构件(例如，参照专利文献1)。
使用现有的树脂材料的滑动构件为在钢板上形成Cu-Sn系合金的多孔层并在该多孔层中浸渗聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作为树脂材料将其被覆的构成。关于多孔层，在钢板上散布Cu-Sn系合金粉，将散布有Cu-Sn系合金粉的钢板在烧结炉中烧结，在钢板上形成Cu-Sn系合金的多孔层。
现有技术文献 
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特别2006-226299号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
一直以来，用于形成多孔层的金属粉末的粒径为75μm～150μm左右。相对于此，滑动层的厚度为0.2mm～0.4mm左右，相对于滑动层的厚度而言，用于形成多孔层的金属粉末的粒径较大，粒径的偏差也较大，因此，相对于滑动层而言，多孔层变厚，直至在滑动层的表面暴露多孔层的所允许的滑动层的摩耗量较少。
滑动层由树脂材料形成的滑动构件适用于在油润滑环境下所使用的轴承，但有时油膜会暂时断裂。对于应用滑动层由树脂材料形成的滑动构件的轴承，即使滑动层的表面的油膜暂时断裂，形成滑动层的树脂材料也能发挥作为润滑材料的作用。
但是，直至在滑动层的表面暴露多孔层的所允许的滑动层的摩耗量较少时，在油膜断裂的状态下发生作为滑动对象的轴等与多孔层接触的被称为干接触(dry touch)的现象。干接触发生时，可能发生轴承与轴的咬合（日文：焼き付き）、轴的损伤等。
本发明是为了解决这种问题而做成的，其目的在于，提供抑制多孔层的暴露并提高抗咬合性、而且提高了耐摩耗性和承载性的滑动构件、及使用该滑动构件的轴承。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等发现：通过减小用于形成多孔层的金属粉末的粒径，多孔层的暴露受到抑制，抗咬合性提高，而且承载性提高。另外发现：通过减薄滑动层的厚度，耐摩耗性提高。
因此，本发明为一种滑动构件，其在金属基材的一面上烧结金属粉末而形成多孔层并对浸渗于多孔层的树脂材料进行焙烧而形成滑动层，在该滑动构件中，金属粉末的粒径为15μm～60μm，滑动层的厚度为0.08mm～0.16mm，多孔层的厚度处于0.06mm～0.1mm的范围、且平均薄于滑动层的厚度地构成。
另外，本发明为一种轴承，其将在金属基材的一面上烧结金属粉末而形成多孔层并对浸渗于多孔层的树脂材料进行焙烧而形成滑动层的轴承构件以滑动层为内侧制成环状，圆筒状的内周面由滑动层构成，在该轴承中，金属粉末的粒径为15μm～60μm，滑动层的厚度为0.08mm～0.16mm，多孔层的厚度处于0.06mm～0.1mm的范围、且平均薄于滑动层的厚度地构成。
金属粉末的粒径优选为25μm～45μm的范围。
发明的效果
本发明中，通过使用于形成多孔层的金属粉末的粒径微细化，能够抑制多孔层的暴露并提高抗咬合性。另外，多孔层的强度提高，多孔层的变形受 到抑制，而且，渗入到多孔层中的树脂材料的变形受到抑制，能够提高承载性。
进而，通过使用于形成多孔层的金属粉末的粒径微细化，即使减薄滑动层的厚度，多孔层的暴露也受到抑制，通过减薄滑动层的厚度，滑动层的变形受到抑制，能够抑制伴随滑动层的变形的摩耗，能够提高耐摩耗性。
附图说明
图1是示出本实施方式的滑动构件的一个例子的截面构造图。
图2是示出本实施方式的轴承的一个例子的立体图。
图3是示出负载与压缩变形量的关系的图表。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的滑动构件的实施方式、和应用了本发明的滑动构件的轴承的实施方式进行说明。
＜本实施方式的滑动构件的构成例＞
图1是示出本实施方式的滑动构件的一个例子的截面构造图。关于本实施方式的滑动构件1，在作为金属基材2的一面的表面上用合金材料形成多孔层3，将该多孔层3用树脂材料4被覆而形成滑动层5。
多孔层3是在金属基材2的表面上以规定的厚度烧结金属粉末30而形成的。本例子中，作为金属粉末30的Cu-Sn系合金粉散布在作为金属基材2的镀铜钢板上，将散布有Cu-Sn系合金粉的镀铜钢板用烧结炉烧结，在镀铜钢板上形成Cu-Sn系合金的多孔层3。
滑动层5是在形成于金属基材2的表面的多孔层3中以规定的厚度浸渗树脂材料4并对浸渍于多孔层3的树脂材料4进行焙烧而形成的。本例子中，将作为树脂主剂的PTFE的分散体、作为树脂添加剂的二硫化钼、石墨、碳纤维等填料混合，加入有机溶剂进行搅拌，生成树脂材料4。树脂材料4被载置在金属基材2的表面的多孔层3上并进行按压，浸渗到多孔层3中。然后，用 焙烧炉加热至PTFE的熔点以上来进行焙烧。
关于滑动构件1，通过使用于形成多孔层3的金属粉末30的粒径比历来更微细化，使多孔层3的厚度比历来更薄，抑制导致干接触的多孔层3的暴露，而且，使滑动层5的厚度比历来更薄，实现耐摩耗性的提高。
关于滑动构件1，金属粉末30的粒径R为15μm～60μm、优选为25μm～45μm左右。一直以来，金属粉末的粒径为75μm～150μm左右，因而粒径较大，并且粒径的偏差较大。另一方面，本实施方式中，金属粉末30的粒径较小，并且粒径的偏差被抑制得较小。
关于滑动构件1，多孔层3的厚度T1为0.06mm～0.1mm的范围。多孔层3的厚度设定为至少重叠两个以上金属粉末30的程度的厚度。
关于滑动构件1，滑动层5的厚度T2为0.08mm～0.16mm。滑动层5的厚度设定得平均厚于多孔层3的厚度，以使多孔层3不会暴露。一直以来，滑动层的厚度为0.2mm～0.4mm左右，但用于形成多孔层的金属粉末的粒径为75μm～150μm左右，粒径的偏差较大，因而，相对于滑动层而言，多孔层变厚，直至在滑动层的表面暴露多孔层的所允许的滑动层的摩耗量较少。
相对于此，本实施方式中，滑动层5的厚度T2设定为0.08mm～0.16mm左右，比历来更薄地构成，但是，通过将金属粉末30的粒径R设为15μm～60μm、优选设为25μm～45μm左右，能够将多孔层3的厚度T1减薄至0.06mm～0.1mm左右，直至暴露多孔层3的所允许的滑动层5的摩耗量增加。
＜本实施方式的轴承的构成例＞
图2是示出本实施方式的轴承的一个例子的立体图。关于本实施方式的轴承10，将图1中说明的滑动构件1以滑动层5为内侧构成为环状。轴承10利用形成圆筒状的内周面的滑动层5来支承轴11。轴承10应用于轴11进行旋转运动的形态或进行直线运动的形态均可。
本实施方式的轴承10例如以汽车等的减震器等进行直线运动的形态用于使用油的滑动部。另外，其以通过齿轮状的构件旋转而输出油的齿轮泵等进行旋转运动的形态用于使用油的滑动部。
＜本实施方式的滑动构件和轴承的作用效果例＞
关于轴承10，由于轴11进行旋转运动或直线运动，滑动层5的一部分表面与轴11接触，轴11在该状态下滑动。用于构成轴承10的滑动构件1如上所述将用于形成多孔层3的金属粉末30的粒径R设为25μm～45μm左右，比历来更微细化。
由此，能够将多孔层3的厚度T1减薄至0.06mm～0.1mm左右，即使将滑动层5的厚度T2比历来更薄地构成为0.08mm～0.16mm左右，也能够增加直至在滑动层5的表面暴露多孔层3的所允许的滑动层5的摩耗量。
因此，即使由于轴11在滑动层5上滑动而构成滑动层5的树脂材料4摩耗，多孔层3的暴露也受到抑制，能够抑制多孔层3与轴11直接接触而产生成为咬合等的主要原因的干接触。
轴承10在油润滑环境下使用，但有时油膜会暂时断裂。对于轴承10，即使滑动层5的表面的油膜暂时断裂，形成滑动层5的树脂材料4也能发挥作为润滑材料的作用。
如上所述，对于轴承10，即使油膜暂时断裂，导致干接触的多孔层3的暴露也受到抑制，因而，与由树脂材料构成滑动层的现有的轴承相比，抗咬合性提高，利用不含Pb的构成可得到与使用含Pb的滑动材料的轴承相同水平的抗咬合性。
另外，通过减薄滑动层5的厚度，由轴11在滑动层5上滑动而导致的滑动层5的变形受到抑制，能够抑制伴随滑动层5的变形的摩耗，即使减薄滑动层5的厚度，与由树脂材料构成滑动层的现有的轴承相比，也能得到相同水平的耐摩耗性。
进而，金属粉末30的粒径平均小于25μm时，形成多孔层3时，金属粉末间的间隙变小，树脂材料4变得难以渗入多孔层3。相对于此，金属粉末30的粒径R为25μm～45μm左右时，浸渍于由该金属粉末30形成的多孔层3中并焙烧了的树脂材料4渗入到多孔层3之间，得到所谓锚固效果，与由现有的粒径的金属粉末构成多孔层的现有的轴承相比，可得到相同水平的树脂密合性， 滑动层5从金属基材2的剥离受到抑制。
另外，通过将用于形成多孔层3的金属粉末30的粒径R设为25μm～45μm左右，即使将滑动层5的厚度T2减薄至0.08mm～0.16mm左右，承载性也提高。图3是示出负载与压缩变形量的关系的图表。
在图3的图表中，实线所示的实施例1为应用了本发明的滑动构件，用于形成多孔层3的金属粉末30的粒径R为25μm～45μm，以滑动层5的厚度T2为0.08mm～0.16mm左右的方式将滑动构件1整体的厚度为1mm，金属基材2的厚度为0.9mm。
关于虚线所示的比较例1，用于形成多孔层的金属粉末的粒径为75μm～150μm，以滑动层的厚度为0.2mm～0.4mm的方式将滑动构件整体的厚度为1.0mm，金属基材的厚度为0.75mm。关于单点划线所示的比较例2，为了测定由金属基材的厚度造成的差异，在与比较例1相同的条件下将滑动构件全体的厚度设为2.0mm，将金属基材的厚度设为1.8mm。
如图3的图表所示，可知，实施例1与比较例1和比较例2相比，滑动层的相对于载荷的压缩变形量较少。在比较例1与比较例2的对比中，存在金属基材的厚度越薄滑动层的压缩变形量越少的倾向。
并且，通过将用于形成多孔层3的金属粉末30的粒径R设为25μm～45μm，根据与各比较例对比，在多孔层3中金属粉末30的密度变高，多孔层3的变形和渗入到多孔层3中的树脂材料4的变形受到抑制，承载性提高。因此，在高负荷环境下的使用也成为可能。
产业上的可利用性
本发明适用于在供给油的环境下所使用的滑动构件和轴承。
附图标记说明
1…滑动构件、10…轴承、2…金属基材、3…多孔层、30…金属粉末、4…树脂材料、5…滑动层

Claims (4)

1.一种滑动构件，其特征在于，在金属基材的一面上烧结金属粉末而形成多孔层，将树脂材料浸渗于所述多孔层并进行焙烧而形成滑动层，在该滑动构件中，所述金属粉末的粒径为15μm～60μm，所述滑动层的厚度为0.08mm～0.16mm，所述多孔层的厚度处于0.06mm～0.1mm的范围、且平均薄于滑动层的厚度地构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述金属粉末的粒径为25μm～45μm。
3.一种轴承，其特征在于，在金属基材的一面上烧结金属粉末而形成多孔层，将树脂材料浸渗于所述多孔层并进行焙烧而形成滑动层，从而形成轴承构件，将所述轴承构件以所述滑动层为内侧制成环状，圆筒状的内周面由所述滑动层构成，在该轴承中，所述金属粉末的粒径为15μm～60μm，所述滑动层的厚度为0.08mm～0.16mm，所述多孔层的厚度处于0.06mm～0.1mm的范围、且平均薄于滑动层的厚度地构成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述金属粉末的粒径为25μm～45μm。
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