TWI451786B - 供控制一通信系統內一反向鏈路之資料速率之方法及裝置 - Google Patents

供控制一通信系統內一反向鏈路之資料速率之方法及裝置 Download PDF

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TWI451786B
TWI451786B TW093103849A TW93103849A TWI451786B TW I451786 B TWI451786 B TW I451786B TW 093103849 A TW093103849 A TW 093103849A TW 93103849 A TW93103849 A TW 93103849A TW I451786 B TWI451786 B TW I451786B
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data rate
mobile station
queue
rate
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TW200423762A (en
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Sanjiv Nanda
Aleksandar Damnjanovic
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/02Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/04Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14Relay systems
    • H04B7/15Active relay systems
    • H04B7/204Multiple access
    • H04B7/216Code division or spread-spectrum multiple access [CDMA, SSMA]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0015Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
    • H04L1/0017Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy where the mode-switching is based on Quality of Service requirement
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/30Flow control; Congestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/62Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
    • H04L47/6215Individual queue per QOS, rate or priority
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0205Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control at the air interface
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H04W28/22Negotiating communication rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/04Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
    • H04W92/10Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0047Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation
    • H04L1/005Iterative decoding, including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/12Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1221Wireless traffic scheduling based on age of data to be sent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Description

供控制一通信系統內一反向鏈路之資料速率之方法及裝置
本發明一般係關於通信領域,更特定言之,係關於控制一通信系統內行動台之反向鏈路之資料速率。
在一無線通信系統中,一使用者不必要且過度的發送不僅會降低系統容量,亦對其他使用者造成干擾。對一通信系統中反向鏈路的資料速率的低效選擇會造成不必要且過度的發送。兩個終端使用者之間通信的資料經由若干協定層傳遞,以確保經由該系統的正確資料流。通常,行動台從應用程式接收用以在一反向鏈路上發送之資料區塊。將該資料區塊分成數個訊框,然後透過該通信鏈路發送。至少在一個方面,藉由檢查資料各訊框中的錯誤,並且,若在該資料訊框中偵測到無法接受錯誤或錯誤速率,則請求重新發送該相同的資料訊框之系統可確保資料的正確遞送。該資料區塊可為任何類型,例如,音樂資料、視訊資料等。該等資料區塊可具有不同的尺寸與不同的遞送需求。此種資料遞送需求經常與服務品質相關聯。可按照通信資料速率、該服務可接受的訊包損失速率、資料遞送在時間延遲上的一致性以及該資料通信可接受的最大延遲來測量服務品質。若所選擇用於發送的資料速率不適當,則經常無法獲取所需的訊包損失與通信延遲參數。
在一正向鏈路通信中,該基地台經常具有與數個行動台 間的正向鏈路品質相關的充分資訊。如此,該基地台能夠集中管理該正向鏈路通信資料速率。然而,在該反向鏈路中,行動台沒有關於其他行動台的發射之資訊。因此,該行動台可發出一請求,以獲取以一資料速率發送之許可。該基地台在檢視每個行動台的請求之後,接受或拒絕所請求的資料速率。若拒絕所請求的資料速率,則該行動台將請求一較低的資料速率,直至該基地台接受所請求的資料速率。允許該行動台不經該請求與接受程序,而以低於一資料速率之速率發送。此種資料速率通常為非常低的資料速率。在該反向鏈路上發送之前,該行動台需要完成其針對資料速率請求之通信。在行動台與基地台之間的此種費用通信會達到一不可接受的位準,並對理想的服務品質造成衝擊。歐洲專利EP 0 627 827描述一方法,其中基於個別資訊流的需要之一聯合評估來影響發送速率的選擇,以便維持服務常數的品質。
因此,需要提供一種用以在一通信系統中選擇一反向鏈路資料速率之系統、方法以及裝置。藉由根據本發明獨立項第1項及第16項之方法及裝置來實現這個需要。
本文所列舉的一個或一個以上範例性具體實施例的背景均為數位無線資料通信系統。雖然在此背景下使用本發明 有許多優點,但是本發明的不同具體實施例也可併入不同的環境或組態中。一般而言,本文中說明的各種系統均可使用軟體控制型處理器、積體電路或離散邏輯構成。本申請案中所提及的資料、指令、命令、資訊、信號、符號及晶片有利於以電壓、電流、電磁波、磁場或磁粒子、光場或光粒子、或其任何組合來表示。此外,各方塊圖中所示的方塊可代表硬體或方法步驟。
更明確地說,本發明之各項具體實施例可併入根據分碼多向近接(code division multiple access; CDMA)技術運作的無線通信系統,電信行業協會(Telecommunication Industry Association; TIA)及其它標準組織所發佈的各種標準中已揭示並說明了此項技術。此等標準包括TIA/EIA-95標準、TIA/EIA-IS-2000標準、IMT-2000標準、UMTS與WCDMA標準,所有該等標準均經引用併入本文。在「TIA/EIA/IS-856 cdma2000高速率訊包資料空中介面規格」中也詳細說明一資料通信系統,此文亦經引用併入本文。若需獲得標準副本,請造訪全球資訊網以下位址:http://www.3gpp2.org ,或致函TIA,Standards and Technology Department,2500 Wilson Boulevard,Arlington,VA 22201,United States of America。一般視該標準為UMTS標準,其經引用併入本文,可聯絡以下地址獲得該標準:3GPP Support Office,650 Route des Lucioles-Sophia Antipolis,Valbonne-France。
圖1說明能夠根據任何分碼多向近接(CDMA)通信系統標 準運作同時併入本發明之各項具體實施例之通信系統100的一般方塊圖。通信系統100可用於語音、資料或二者的通信。一般而言,通信系統100包括一基地台101,其提供數個行動台(例如,行動台102至104)之間,行動台102至104與公共交換電話與資料網路105之間的通信鏈路。圖1中的行動台稱為資料接取終端機(access terminal; AT),且該基地台稱為資料接取網路(access network; AN),與本發明的主要範疇與各種優點並不背離。基地台101可包括數個組件,如一基地台控制器及一基地收發器系統。基於簡化考量,未顯示此等組件。基地台101可與其他基地台(例如,基地台160)進行通信。行動交換中心(未顯示)可控制通信系統100的各種運作方面,並與網路105與基地台101及160之間的回程199相關。
基地台101透過從該基地台101發射的正向鏈路信號與其涵蓋區域中的各行動台進行通信。將以行動台102至104為目標的正向鏈路信號相加,形成正向鏈路信號106。該正向鏈路可承載數個不同的正向鏈路通道。接收正向鏈路信號106的各行動台102至104解碼該正向鏈路信號106,以擷取以其使用者為目標的資訊。基地台160亦可透過從基地台160發射的正向鏈路信號與其涵蓋區域內的該等行動台進行通信。行動台102至104可透過對應的反向鏈路與基地台101與160進行通信。各反向鏈路由一反向鏈路信號(例如,分別用於行動台102至104之反向鏈路信號107至109)保持。儘管該等反向鏈路信號107至109以一個基地台為目 標,但亦可由其他基地台接收。
基地台101及160可同時與一共同行動台進行通信。例如,行動台102可與基地台101與160緊密聯繫,以保持與基地台101與160兩者進行通信。在該正向鏈路上,基地台101發射正向鏈路信號106,且基地台160發射正向鏈路信號161。在反向鏈路上,行動台102發射反向鏈路信號107,可由基地台101與160兩者接收。要向行動台102發送一資料訊包,應選擇該等基地台101與160之一,用以向行動台102發射該資料訊包。在該反向鏈路上,基地台101與160皆嘗試解碼由該行動台102發送的流量資料。可使該等反向與正向鏈路的資料速率與功率位準,與本發明各種方面概括之基地台與行動台之間的通道條件保持一致。
圖2說明根據本發明之各種方面運作之用以處理及解調變所接收的CDMA信號之接收器200的方塊圖。接收器200可用於解碼反向與正向鏈路信號上的資訊。可使用接收器200解碼基礎通道、控制通道以及補充通道上的資訊。所接收的(Rx)樣本可儲存在RAM 204中。接收的樣本由射頻/中頻(radio frequency/intermediate frequency; RF/IF)系統290以及天線系統292產生。該RF/IF系統290與天線系統292可包括一或多個組件,用以接收多個信號,並用以RF/IF處理所接收的信號,以利用所接收的分集增益。經不同傳播路徑傳播的多個所接收信號可形成一共同源。天線系統292接收RF信號,及傳遞RF信號至RF/IF系統290。RF/IF系統290可為任何傳統的RF/IF接收器。所接收的RF信號經過濾、降 頻及數位化,形成基頻頻率的RX樣本。將該等樣本提供給多工器(multiplexer; mux)252。將mux 252的輸出提供給搜尋器單元206與指狀元件208。將控制系統210耦合至此。組合器212將解碼器214耦合至指狀元件208。控制系統210可為藉由軟體控制的微處理器,且可位於相同的積體電路或位於分離的積體電路中。解碼器214的解碼功能可依據渦輪解碼器(turbo decoder)或任何其他合適的解碼演算法。可將源發射的信號以若干代碼層編碼。該解碼器214將根據兩或三個代碼實行解碼功能。例如,可將發送的資料以兩個不同的層編碼,一外層與一實體層。該實體層係依據該渦輪代碼,且該外層係依據里德所羅門代碼。如此,該解碼器214依據此等代碼解碼所接收的樣本。
在操作期間,將所接收的樣本提供給mux 252。Mux 252將該等樣本提供給搜尋器單元206與指狀元件208。控制單元210配置指狀元件208,以根據搜尋器單元206的搜尋結果以不同的時間偏移對所接收的信號實行解調變與解展開。組合該解調變的結果並傳遞至解碼器214。解碼器214解碼該等資料,並輸出該等解碼資料。實行通道解展開的方式為,根據單一時序假設,將所接收樣本乘PN序列與所指派Walsh函數的複數共軛,並且以數位方式過濾產生的樣本,通常使用積體及轉儲(dump)累積器電路(未顯示)。此種技術在此項技術中已知。可在基地台101與160的接收器部分中使用接收器200,用以處理所接收的來自行動台的反向鏈路信號,且在任何行動台的接收器部分中使用,用以處理所 接收的正向鏈路信號。
解碼器214可累積組合的能量,用以偵測資料符號。各資料訊包可承載一循環冗餘檢查(cyclic redundancy check; CRC)欄位。該解碼器214可與控制系統210與或其他控制系統連接,用以檢查所接收資料訊包中的錯誤。若不傳遞該CRC資料,則將錯誤地接收所接收的資料訊包。該控制系統210與或其他控制系統將向該發射器傳送一否定應答訊息,用以重新發射該資料訊包。
圖3說明用以發射反向及正向鏈路信號之發射器300的方塊圖。將欲發送的通道資料輸入至調變器301進行調變。調變可根據任何熟知調變技術,如QAM、PSK或BPSK。在調變之前,可經由一或多個編碼層傳遞要發送的通道資料。為調變器301產生欲發送的通道資料。由調變器301接收欲發送的通道資料。
由資料速率與功率位準選擇器303選擇該調變資料速率。根據從目的地接收的回饋資訊進行資料速率的選擇。該資料速率經常基於通道條件,以及其他相關因素,且基於本發明的各種方面。通道條件將隨時變化。資料速率的選擇也隨時變化。
資料速率與功率位準選擇器303從而選擇調變器301中的資料速率。調變器301的輸出經信號展開操作傳遞,並在組塊302中放大,以由天線304發送。該資料速率與功率位準選擇器303亦為所發射信號的放大位準選擇一功率位準。所選擇的資料速率及功率位準的組合允許在接收目的地正確 解碼所發射的資料。在組塊307中亦產生前導信號。在組塊307中,將前導信號放大至適當位準。該前導信號功率位準與接收目的地的通道條件相一致。該前導信號將在組合器308中與該通道信號組合。可在放大器309中放大該組合的信號,並由天線304發射。天線304之組態包括天線陣列以及多個輸入多個輸出之任何數目的組合。
在CDMA 2000系統中,允許行動台(mobile station; MS)具有若干同時進行的通信服務。各通信服務會具有不同的服務品質(quality of service; QoS)需求。對於一服務選項而言,以特定定義之QoS參數(如特定資料速率或資料速率範圍、資料訊包或數個資料訊包通信所允許的訊包損失速率與最大延遲)進行資料訊包的通信。在通信鏈路進行服務協商階段,行動台(MS)與基地台(BS)對一組QoS參數達成一致。可以定義該等QoS參數,用於所定義之通信服務的持續時間。然後,可要求該BS滿足此種協商的QoS,例如資料速率,訊包損失以及具有最高可能性之最大延遲。
根據本發明的各種方面,提供一種用以實施該反向鏈路上的QoS之方法及裝置,其中與佇列長度與訊包延遲截止期限相關的更新資訊在MS上提供,而在BS上提供用以配置所協商的QoS之資源管理器。該MS向BS請求所需的速率,而非報告其佇列長度(backlog)資訊。MS在向BS請求資料速率之前,計算所需的資料速率與持續時間。資料速率的請求可為請求一或多個正向鏈路上的流量通道功率與前導(traffic channel power to pilot;T/P)之比率的形式。該組可 用資料速率具有對應的T/P比率。可提供T/P與資料速率之間的對應表。MS控制的自主資料速率亦可基於來自BS的擁塞回饋。BS負責MS的速率配置、擁塞管理以及反向鏈路的穩定性。BS亦負責容許控制。下列訊息流與程序圖描述回應一資料速率請求之資源配置。
BS管理的實際資源為流量通道與前導功率之比率(T/P)。從資料速率至通道T/P的映射為,根據所允許的重新發送的數目以及對混合ARQ的使用所選擇的運作點。BS可按照延遲需求(所允許的重新發送)為各服務指派一不同的映射。對於短交易且延遲需求非常低(例如,交互遊戲)之服務而言,此種最佳化比較有用。對於大多數的服務而言,BS最好選擇最大化反向鏈路通量之映射。左手側的數字(1至8)代表將發生的事件或程序的可能順序。
1. BS管理容許控制,且僅容許具有可接受且可實現的QoS需求之通信服務(或流)。一旦容許一服務或通信資料訊包流,MS即意識到所協商的QoS參數,例如可接受的資 料速率、訊包損失速率以及與該流相關聯的最大延遲。注意,由於通道變化與靈活性,此等QoS保證需蓋然而論。
2. MS實施在入口處捨棄非一致性資料訊包之Ò››(上游)策略。因此,MS接受藉由實施此策略,假設滿足用於容許流之所協商的QoS之所有訊包。在輸出佇列階段之前,MS會捨棄所需QoS超過所協商QoS(例如由通信資料速率所定義)之訊包。MS亦可實施一外部迴路機制,以根據運作條件調整審查參數。BS將「驗證」MS事實上與其所協商的速率相符。
3.將MS容許的一致訊包置於輸出佇列中。截止期限係根據訊包抵達時間與該服務(或流)的最大許可延遲相關聯於各訊包。MS較佳地可排列輸出佇列,使該等訊包按照截止期限的順序儲存,截止期限最早的在最前。MS必須管理其發送排程,以確保該等訊包在其截止期限之前發射。
4. MS根據與輸出佇列中的該等訊包相關聯的截止期限決定所需的資料速率。下述過程更為完整。因為要求MS決定的資料速率應滿足所協商的QoS,故所請求的資料速率並非僅為一「優先權」指示。若由於擁塞、過載控制或任何其他原因,基地台不能配置所需的速率,則藉由決定丟棄佇列中的哪些訊包,MS亦可計算一或多個擁塞資料速率,以輔助BS制定低於所需速率之配置。MS根據所需速率以及該佇列中將丟棄的訊包的數目決 定該擁塞速率。一般而言,當丟棄佇列中的一訊包時,則降低所需用以發射剩餘數目的訊包之資料速率。BS將所需與擁塞速率轉化為所需與擁塞T/P,或者MS可直接計算所需與擁塞T/P。
5. MS與BS進行針對所需與擁塞T/P或T/P增量或減量之通信。BS必須嘗試滿足受制於可用資源之T/P增量請求,因為MS需要此等資源以滿足其QoS準則。MS的若干連續T/P增量請求指示其優先權的增大,若不滿足該等請求將造成不滿足某QoS準則。
6. BS排程器根據反向鏈路資源(即熱雜訊的增量)與時間來堆疊此等T/P請求。該BS亦將某些資源留予已知延遲較低、頻寬連續的流,例如,語音呼叫。該BS將嘗試最佳化此種堆疊,例如,藉由延遲某些T/P配置或在較短持續時間內提供較高的T/P配置。若BS延遲對該MS的配置,則該MS後續的請求將請求更高的T/P以滿足用於易受延遲影響之訊包的QoS,因為發射該資料訊包的延遲越長,所需用以滿足相同QoS之發送資料速率則越高。因此,該BS在排程方面具有有限的靈活性。若具有多餘的可用頻寬,BS可選擇忽略降低T/P之請求,或提供高於所請求的T/P。
7. BS制定至MS的T/P配置。向MS的指示該配置為當前資料速率配置之增量(或減量)。
8.基於T/P配置,MS排程欲發送之訊包。MS基於最早截止期限在最前面之排程法則處理訊包,但可進行修改。例 如,在開始發送任何訊包之前,MS決定該資料訊包的發送是否在其截止期限之內。此決定為所配置的T/P與截止期限的函數,且用以說明將來增量配置之潛力。MS丟棄任何可能會錯過其發送截止期限的訊包。若訊包在其截止期限到期之前未能成功發射,則認為其遺失。該MS將追蹤與該流相關聯的訊包損失速率。
在此種架構中,該時間步驟2、3以及8之程序分別允許MS管理與其流相關聯的QoS(速率、最大延遲以及訊包損失保證)。時間步驟4與5之程序允許MS將其對所有流的需要合併為一個T/P需求。時間步驟1之BS容許控制程序確保BS在時間步驟6具有足夠的資源,以滿足所有MS的所有容許、協商的QoS流的需求。該MS決定滿足該QoS之所需資料速率。MS將用於多個(所協商的QoS)服務的佇列合併為一速率需求。此外,一般而言,該MS可直接以所需T/P工作,而非決定所需速率再轉化為所需T/P。其更為普遍,因為其很容易實施具有不同的從T/P至速率之映射的不同服務之訊包的發送。
假設在一時間t0 ,MS佇列係由尺寸為si 之訊包Pi 組成,其中{i=1,…,N},其按照截止期限di 排列。各訊包Pi 與一資料服務k(i)相關聯。對於資料服務k而言,將已知資料速率至T/P的映射定義為:Rk (T/P)。然後,在配置的T/P值為T0 時,將定義並決定下列等式。若速率為Rk(i) (T0 ),訊包Pi 的空中發送時間,xi 為:xi =si /Rk(i) (T0 ),(1)
因為已經按照其截止期限的順序排列該等訊包,故訊包Pi 完成其發送係在zi =t0 +Σsj /Rk(j) (T0 ),其中在[1,…, i]範圍中求和。(2)
即,截止期限先於di 之訊包P1 ,…,Pi-1 在Pi 之前發射。因此,該程序將決定該MS輸出佇列中的任何訊包是否將錯過其截止期限,即zi >di ,其中1iN   (3)
若該MS決定以當前速率,其佇列中的任何訊包將錯過其截止期限,則其可能需要一較高速率以滿足其QoS。注意:此種資料速率計算使用與該MS佇列中的每個訊包相關聯的截止期限資訊。該BS不能僅基於backlog與QoS類做出此種資料速率之決定。
存在若干方式向BS提供所需的T/P資訊。取決於請求通道的設計以及從MS至BS之請求資訊的發送頻率,計算MS所需的持續時間並向該BS提供指示亦較為有用。上述等式2亦允許該MS決定所需持續時間。基本上,以配置的T/P比率T0 ,MS佇列中最後的訊包將在時間zN 完成其發送。因此,基於當前訊包佇列以及所配置的速率,該所需持續時間為zN 。可以非常小的計算負擔更新等式2。例如,若在隨後時間t1 ,完成訊包P1 的發送,所配置的T/P變為T1 ,將更新的訊包完成瞬間寫為:z1 (t1 )=t1 +Σsj /Rk(j) (T1 ),其中在[2,…,i]範圍中求和。(4)
使用下列等式根據先前訊包完成時間計算此等完成時間: zi (t1 )-t1 =zi (t0 )-t0 -s1 /Rk(1) (T0 )+Σsj [1/Rk(j) (T1 )-1/Rk(j) (T0 )]   (5)
其次,假定尺寸為snew 、服務k(新)且截止期限為dnew 之新訊包Pnew 於時間t2 抵達。一般而言,新訊包的截止期限在訊包k與k+1的(有序的)截止期限之間,即,若k<N,則dk dnew <dk+1 。然後,若ik,則zi (t2 )不變。若T/P的值T1 不變,則zi (t2 )==zi (t1 )+Snew /Rk(new) (T1 )若i>k   (6)
因此,MS能夠計算並保持更新其所需的T/P,所需持續時間,及其佇列中訊包的發送排程。
為輔助BS制定擁塞週期期間的速率配置,MS亦可藉由決定丟棄其佇列中的哪些訊包來計算擁塞速率。該MS將使用許多的準則來設定可丟棄訊包的優先權:˙來自允許丟棄訊包之服務的訊包,˙來自其當前訊包損失速率小於所協商訊包損失速率之服務的訊包,˙若不配置所需的T/P,則可能會錯過其延遲截止期限的訊包。
根據丟棄優先權,MS可在其仍然滿足在各種擁塞位準的可接受QoS時,決定哪些訊包可能會被丟棄。然後,該MS將等式(1)至(3)應用於藉由從MS佇列中移除此等訊包而形成之虛擬佇列,以計算該擁塞T/P值。注意,全文中,訊包資料與資料區塊可互換。
若T/P至速率的映射固定,則使用資料速率更為便利且作用相同。以下顯示圖形化說明所需與擁塞資料速率計算之 示意圖。亦圖形化顯示訊包尺寸與截止期限。各訊包的尺寸(以位元為單位)以放置在一時間訊框軸上其截止期限所在處之垂直條來顯示。垂直條的尺寸代表訊包尺寸。繞原點轉動之任何斜率為正的線對應於一速率(以位元/秒為單位)。原點為當前時間或配置開始的時間。所需速率為滿足所有截止期限的最小斜率,即,可使圖中所有訊包在此線之下的最小斜率。同樣,MS計算擁塞速率時,假定可丟棄該佇列中的第一訊包(擁塞位準1),且一擁塞速率與丟棄該佇列中的最大MS訊包相關聯(擁塞位準2)。
在時間t0 ,MS佇列係由尺寸為si 之訊包Pi組成,{i=1,…,N},其以截止期限di 排列。然後,可以所配置的速率R0 寫下列等式。以速率R0 ,訊包Pi 之空中發送時間xi 為:xi =si /R0    (7)
因為已經按照其截止期限的順序排列該等訊包,故訊包Pi 完成其發送係在zi =t0 +Σsj /R0 ,其中在[1,…,i]範圍中求和。(8)
即,截止期限先於di 之訊包P1 ,…,Pi-1 在Pi 之前發射。因此,該程序將決定該MS輸出佇列中的任何訊包是否將錯過其截止期限,即zi >di ,其中1iN   (9)
若該MS決定其佇列中的任何訊包將錯過其截止期限,則其可能需要一較高速率以滿足其QoS。此種資料速率計算使用與該MS佇列中的每個訊包相關聯的截止期限資訊。該BS不能僅根據backlog與QoS類做出此速率之決定。
存在若干方式向BS提供所需的速率資訊。取決於請求通道的設計以及從MS至BS之請求資訊的發送頻率,計算在MS處所需的持續時間並向該BS提供指示亦較為有用。上述(等式2)亦允許該MS決定所需持續時間。基本上,以配置的速率R0 ,MS佇列中的最後訊包將在時間zN 完成其發送。因此,根據當前訊包佇列以及所配置的速率,該所需持續時間為zN 。可以非常小的計算負擔更新等式(2)。例如,若在隨後時間t1 ,完成訊包P1 的發送,所配置的速率變為R1 ,將更新的訊包完成瞬間寫為:zi (t1 )=t1 +Σsj /R1 ,其中在[2,…,i]範圍中求和。(10)
使用以下等式根據先前訊包完成時間計算此等完成時間 :zi (t1 )-t1 =[(zi (t0 )-t0 )R0 -s1 ]/R1    (11)
然後,假定尺寸為snew 且截止期限為dnew 之新訊包Pnew 在時間t2 抵達。一般而言,新訊包的截止期限在訊包k與k+1的(有序的)截止期限之間,即,若k<N,則dk dnew <dk+1 。然後,若ik,則zi (t2 )不變。若速率R1 不變,則zi (t2 )=zi (t1 )+Snew /R1 其中i>k   (12)
因此,MS能夠計算並保持更新其所需的速率,所需持續時間,及其佇列中訊包的發送排程。
如上所示,藉由檢查MS緩衝器中所有訊包的延遲截止期限,MS能夠決定所需速率或T/P。或者,若MS僅檢查其緩衝器中的第一訊包,即,延遲截止期限最短的訊包,並應用上述T/P(速率)計算,結果等於回饋至BS的延遲截止期限。在此情形下,所計算的T/P(或速率)之值代表最短截止期限以及等效的最高優先權。將在以下段落中顯示用於反向鏈路通道之延遲截止期限的兩位元編碼(two-bit encoding)之範例,並使用該範例。
可透過訊息或使用連續低速率的速率控制通道將反向鏈路請求傳送至BS。將考量並使用下列方案:
˙使用反向鏈路訊息向BS提供佇列長度或backlog資訊。為了QoS支援,應將QoS欄位添加到此請求訊息中。
˙連續的T/P或速率請求通道,其中MS週期性地插入一位元,指示對更高速率之請求。其不向BS提供任何QoS的指示。
BS管理的資源包括流量通道與前導功率比率(T/P)。一般而言,較高的T/P比率映射至較高的資料速率。該系統允許T/P比率與對應的資料速率之間有一個以上的映射方案。一般而言,MS始終選擇使反向鏈路通量最大化之資料速率至T/P的映射。對於具有短交易與非常低的延遲需求的某些服務(例如,交互遊戲)而言,需要以較少的重新發送以及較高的T/P來運作。因此,若該MS的佇列之頭部的資料訊包具有非常短的截止期限(例如,短於40毫秒),則MS將選擇適用於低延遲服務之特定速率至T/P映射。可使用速率,且將其映射至T/P、或直接計算所需T/P來操作該方案。
為允許BS資源管理器在擁塞週期內設定配置的優先權,除了所需T/P之外,MS亦可向BS指示一或多個擁塞T/P之值。BS嘗試公平地為所有MS配置所需的T/P。若所需資源超過可用資源,該BS將在一時間將一個MS所需的T/P(以BS所決定之某種順序),變為與擁塞位準1相關聯之較小T/P,直至所有行動台的總配置降至可用資源以內。若必要,該BS可移動至與擁塞位準2相關聯之T/P等。所需T/P或資料速率以及擁塞T/P或速率的指示可透過短控制訊息、連續訊息或其組合進行通信。
在至BS的請求訊息中,可基於在MS上的計算來提供所需T/P及其持續時間。此種請求訊息可不包括回饋至BS的backlog與QoS。BS不能基於backlog與QoS類計算所需T/P及其持續時間。為管理QoS(速率、訊包損失、最大延遲),請求T/P及其持續時間的週期性訊息較佳為backlog與QoS 類的週期性回饋。作為回應,BS可藉由核准訊息制定對MS的T/P與持續時間的配置。該MS繼續更新其(本地)速率與持續時間的計算。無論何時,只要在所需T/P中出現顯著變化,或所需持續時間超過所配置的持續時間一顯著量,即觸發一更新請求。具有零T/P配置之核准指示MS核准的終止。
一旦為MS核准一T/P,為降低請求訊息費用,可利用低頻寬連續反向鏈路請求通道。該MS保持基於來自BS的核准之當前核准(Current Grant)變數。或者,該核准可能為隱含的,即允許任何MS自主將其當前核准變數設定為當前核准的全局(初始)值,藉此消除對任何訊息的需求。
基於對所需速率的計算,MS連續傳送請求,用以使其當前核准增大、降低或不變。若需要增量以滿足在各種擁塞位準的T/P,則亦指示對增大的T/P之請求。在此訊息中可包括對2位元差動速率請求(Differential Rate Request)欄位的編碼。該MS指示其與所需速率與擁塞速率相關之當前核准的位準,例如,若當前核准在所需T/P與擁塞位準1 T/P之間,則MS請求包括編碼的位元「10」。或者,可包括2位元差動速率請求(2-bit Differential Rate Request)欄位,其僅包含1個擁塞位準以及防止緩衝器因易受延遲影響之流量而下溢之新位準。
視需要,亦可定義預看長期核准臨界值D0 。若MS計算其所需持續時間超過D0 ,則其指示對長期核准之請求。其有一定作用,因其允許BS預看並藉此更好地管理其資料配置以及排程決策。對於排程器而言,對高速率之請求為「優先權」請求,而對長期核准之請求則指示backlog。
或者,可使用兩個位元代表該佇列頭部訊包的延遲截止期限(或優先權等級)。例如:
X為系統參數,可針對BS固定其值,或根據每個MS之服務的混和來固定其值。
該MS使用當前核准T/P值在該反向鏈路上發射。該BS根據當前發送決定該MS上的當前核准變數之值。該BS藉由測量流量通道功率與該MS發送的前導功率間的比率,或根據該MS用以發送之速率並將其映射至T/P,來決定此值。
該BS資源管理器使用該MS使用的當前T/P,以及該T/P請求中的資訊,以在MS中公平配置T/P。例如,根據該擁塞位準,其僅能滿足所有MS的擁塞位準1的需求。然後,該BS將為其請求指示00或01的MS配置T/P增量,且指示00之MS請求有較高優先權。該BS將為其請求指示11或10的MS配置T/P減量。該BS亦可使用額外的準則來管理MS之間的競爭。
可藉由下列範例解釋該BS資源管理器的操作。考量具有三個MS之情形:
MS 1:Ec_前導[1],當前核准[1],請求=10
MS 2:Ec_前導[2],當前核准[2],請求=01
MS 3:Ec_前導[3],當前核准[3],請求=01
MS 4:Ec_前導[4],當前核准[4],請求=11
MS 5:Ec_前導[5],當前核准[5],請求=00
MS 6:Ec_前導[6],當前核准[6],請求=10
注意,在以上範例中,所有的MS,除了MS 4之外,皆需 要高於當前核准之T/P,以滿足所需T/P。可為MS 4指派對其當前核准之一減量。是否向其他MS提供增量配置,取決於進一步的計算。該BS資源管理器能夠根據各MS的Ec_前導與當前核准計算當前的資源利用,如下所示:Resource Utilization=Σ Ec_Pilot[i]*[Current Grant [i]+1]   (13)
該BS核准與當前核准相關的一增量(向上調整)或一減量(向下調整)。該增量或減量為當前核准的乘法因數,其值Adjust[i]分別由(1+a)或(1-a)所給。然後,遵循配置,可計算更新的資源利用,如:Resource Utilization=Σ Ec_Pilot[i]*[Adjust[i]*Current Grant[i]+1](14)
藉由下列步,驟實行該資源管理器演算法。其終止於在更新的資源利用低於最大資源利用臨界值Tmax處求出一組調整值Adjust[i]之步驟。
步驟1 為MS 4指派減量,為所有其他MS指派增量。若i=1、2、3、5、6,則Adjust[4]=1-a,Adjust[i]=1+a。此配置嘗試移動所有MS以滿足其所需的T/P。決定更新的資源利用。若更新的資源利用低於最大臨界值Tmax,則可允許並指派此項配置。若資源利用超過Tmax,則進行至步驟2。
步驟2 不可能使所有的MS向所需T/P移動。為公平起見,該程序使所有的MS向擁塞位準1 T/P移動。這意味著,除了MS 4以外,亦為MS 1與MS 6指派一向下調整。即,若i=1、4、6,則Adjust[i]=1-a,若i=2、3、5,則Adjust[i]=1+a。再次決定是否允許此更新資源配置,即,不超過所允許的總配置。若不允許,則進行至步驟3。
步驟3 不可能使所有的MS向擁塞位準1 T/P移動。為公平起見,該程序使所有的MS向擁塞位準2 T/P移動。這意味著,為除了MS 5之外的所有的MS指派一向下調整。即,若i=1、2、3、4、6,則Adjust[i]=1-a,且Adjust[5]=1+a。再次決定是否允許此更新資源配置,即,不超過所允許的總配置。若不允許,則進行至步驟4。
步驟4 該BS T/P調整演算法不能決定一滿意的配置。需要明確訊息以終止來自一個或多個MS的發送。該BS根據各種準則選擇終止哪個核准,其包括:公平性,以及對MS當前配置的尺寸。
可使用低頻寬連續正向鏈路核准通道,以向MS指示對當前核准的調整。該MS根據其從該BS接收的實際核准(以及調整)修改其當前核准變數。因為核准向MS連續延伸,故不需要向MS指示一長期核准。該長期核准請求(若使用)僅允許該BS可預看,並因此制定更好的排程決策。
在該低頻寬連續正向鏈路核准通道上的編碼如下所示:+1 若命令該行動台使T/P增大所配置的量,(亦可為T/P依賴)
-1 若命令該行動台使T/P降低所配置的量,(亦可為T/P依賴)
0 若命令該行動台保持T/P不變。
若BS不能可靠地解碼該連續請求通道(例如,以低功率接收反向前導通道(reverse pilot channel;R-PICH)並抹除連續的請求通道符號),則BS將正向核准通道符號設定為0。否 則,若能可靠地解碼該連續請求通道,則BS將適當地設定該正向核准通道符號。
雖然該BS資源管理器基於該MS請求決定該擁塞位準,而並非每個MS需要一連續核准通道,但藉由損失一定的靈活性,可能可使用僅指示BS上當前所計算的擁塞位準之連續共同核准通道(例如,作為以上所示三個位準之一來編碼)。基於此種指示,MS可根據相同的邏輯自主調整其資料速率。例如,當BS共同核准指示擁塞位準1時,請求10的MS必需降低其T/P,而請求01的MS可增大其T/P,用於隨後的發送。此外,降低該正向鏈路上的費用時,連續共同核准通道使BS不具備基於額外的準則以在競爭MS間辨別之能力。亦可能消除該連續請求通道,並將其降低為MS的自主操作。該BS的擁塞指示係基於對該MS資源使用的當前測量,而非MS請求。因此,不存在用於每個MS的閉合迴路。在此情形下,該BS不能區別滿足其QoS的MS與不滿足其QoS的MS,故無法實現公平。
如此,連續請求與核准通道中的發信錯誤並非災難性的。假定在該連續正向核准通道上的抹除(erasure)為使當前核准不變之命令。由於低延遲閉合迴路機制,可很快藉由隨後的請求與核准校正任何發信錯誤。特定言之,在每個反向鏈路訊框發送中,該BS已知MS上的本地變數當前核准,且允許該控制迴路的兩側保持相同的狀態。
可能僅使用該請求與核准訊息,以操作該反向鏈路QoS管理。然而,對於嚴格QoS管理而言,即為具有叢發抵達、 可變速率以及嚴格延遲約束之服務管理QoS,必需使用連續請求與核准通道。注意,可使用該連續請求通道,而不使用連續核准通道。
對於所協商的QoS流量,MS可如下操作:
˙MS傳送指示該所需T/P(以及擁塞T/P)之請求訊息。該請求訊息亦可包含最大T/P(在該MS中的裕度)。該BS可藉由訊息指示T/P核准,或者可隱含指示該核准(已知初始T/P)。在後者情形中,不需要請求或核准訊息。
˙在低費用連續速率請求通道上指示所需T/P的變化。以層3發信建立或釋放該通道。因為此通道代表該MS的總速率需求,故每個MS僅需要一個此種通道。
˙該基地台在正向鏈路上的低費用連續核准通道上指示所核准T/P的變化。或者,可使用低費用連續共同核准通道,其基於所接收的請求指示該擁塞位準。
在軟交遞操作期間,基於訊息的反向資源管理僅由伺服BS控制(該BS具有在MS所接收的最高平均前導位準)。該連續請求與核准通道僅由伺服BS或由縮小的BS的現用集來接收或發射。若僅由伺服BS發射該連續核准通道,則軟交遞中的操作與行動台不進行軟交遞時的情形並無不同。然而,若從該現用集中一個以上的BS發射該正向快速核准通道,則不同的BS可獨立操作且產生不同的核准命令。然後,要求該MS將其當前核准變數調整至該現用集中所有的BS皆核准之速率調整的最小值。
每個MS用於連續請求與核准通道之費用可與每數百毫 秒使用一次基於訊息之通道的費用相比擬。因此,為符合費用要求,不需以高於(例如)每個MS 250毫秒之頻率傳送速率請求與速率核准訊息,其包括該MS中的所有服務。需要連續回饋通道來管理服務的QoS,其中最大延遲低於(例如)100毫秒。即便對於具有叢發抵達之服務,其中該佇列尺寸可出現數十毫秒的顯著變化。若延遲截止期限大於250毫秒,則藉由基於訊息之請求與核准通道管理該QoS。每20至40毫秒,將需要用於連續反向速率請求通道之2至4個位元。此等位元向BS指示所請求對其分配的速率之修改與/或對長期核准之需要。
一般而言,揭示用於在該反向鏈路上進行QoS與資源管理之架構,其中該訊包佇列在MS上分佈,且該中央資源管理器在該BS上。在此架構中,將反向鏈路QoS管理的責任指派給MS,而BS管理用於所協商的QoS服務之集中資源與容許控制。該MS向該資源管理器提供所需的資源(速率或T/P),其用以滿足該MS的QoS。其有別於先前MS向該資源管理器提供佇列backlog資訊之方法。該佇列backlog資訊對於資源管理器用以滿足QoS保證而言,並不充分。透過MS對所配置的速率或T/P的閉合迴路控制管理反向鏈路QoS。將對多個服務(或流)的QoS需求合併為一資源(速率或T/P)的壓縮表示。其允許有效的閉合迴路控制(低通信費用)。其允許該MS決定一所需的T/P,這將允許其滿足所有服務的QoS需求。在訊包離開、訊包抵達、所配置速率變化或鏈路品質變化之後,可使用低複雜度機制重新計算速率(或T/P) 以及持續時間需求。與該架構一致的低費用連續請求與核准通道適用於為最大延遲需求低於100毫秒之服務管理其QoS。揭示一種藉由使用訊包的丟棄優先權,以計算用於不同擁塞位準之T/P需求之程序。揭示一種速率請求通道的壓縮編碼,其向該BS資源管理器提供資訊,用以決定分佈在MS間的訊包佇列中的擁塞位準。另外,其允許該BS資源管理器制定競爭MS間的智慧配置決策。因此,操作該BS資源管理器以在競爭MS間配置資源,包括軟交遞中對閉合迴路速率控制的操作。
參考圖4描述的各種步驟,可更加明瞭本發明的各種方面。圖4描述通信系統100中BS與MS上訊息流400與處理步驟。當併入通信系統100的各別的基地台或行動台時,可操作圖2與3所示之接收器與發射器系統200與300以實行各種步驟。在步驟401,該行動台為數個通信服務決定發送的資料訊包。在步驟402與403,該行動台分別決定各個資料訊包的發送截止期限,並按照所決定的發送截止期限排列發送佇列中的資料訊包。在步驟405、406與407中,該行動台分別根據允許滿足各個資料訊包的發送截止期限之佇列中資料訊包的排列,決定發送資料訊包之資料速率,根據該佇列中資料訊包的排列,決定發送資料訊包之所決定資料速率的持續時間,並進行從該行動台至該基地台之資料速率與持續時間的通信。在步驟408,該基地台決定是否允許在基地台配置可用資源,用於從該行動台以決定的資料速率與持續時間發送。在步驟409,該基地台進行從該行動台 發送資料訊包之所決定資料速率的可接受度之通信。在步驟410,該行動台以可接受資料速率進行發射。在步驟411,該基地台可向該行動台指示一擁塞位準警示,不允許在該基地台上配置所決定的可用資源,用於從該行動台以所決定的資料速率進行發送。在步驟412、413與414中,該行動台丟棄該佇列中該等資料訊包中的至少一個資料訊包,以決定一新的資料訊包佇列,決定發送該新的資料訊包佇列之新的資料速率,該新的資料速率低於先前所決定之資料速率,並根據該新佇列中資料訊包的排列,決定使用所決定的新資料速率發送資料訊包的新持續時間。流400進行至步驟408,以重複決定接受或拒絕。
熟習此項技術者應進一步明白,配合本文所揭示之具體實施例說明的各種說明邏輯區塊、模組、電路及演算法步驟可實施為電子硬體、電腦軟體或二者之組合。為了清楚說明硬體及軟體之此互通性,以上已就其功能性總體說明各種說明性組件、區塊、模組、電路及步驟。此類功能係實施為硬體或軟體取決於整體系統所用的特定應用及設計限制。熟習此項技術者可採用各種方法實施各特定應用所說明之功能,但此類實施決策不應解釋為會引起背離本發明之範疇。
結合在此揭示的具體實施例所說明的各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組及電路,可採用通用處理器、一數位信號處理器(digital signal processor; DSP)、一特殊應用積體電路(application specific integrated circuit; ASIC)、一現場可程 式化閘極陣列(field programmable gate array; FPGA)或其他可程式化邏輯構件、離散閘極或電晶體邏輯、離散硬體組件或設計用以實行本文所述功能之任何組合來實施或實行。通用處理器可為微處理器,但在替代範例中,處理器可為任何傳統處理器、控制器、微控制器或狀態機。一處理器也可實施為電腦構件之一組合,例如,一DSP及一微處理器之一組合、複數個微處理器、與DSP核心連接的一或多個微處理器或任何其他此類配置。
結合本文所揭示具體實施例說明的方法或演算法的步驟可以直接用硬體、由處理器執行的軟體模組或兩者之組合來實現。軟體模組可駐留於RAM記憶體、快閃記憶體、ROM記憶體、EPROM記憶體、EEPROM記憶體、暫存器、硬碟、可抽取磁碟、CD-ROM、或此項技術中所熟知之任何其他形式的儲存媒體中。一種範例性儲存媒體係耦合處理器,以致於處理器可自儲存媒體中讀取資訊,以及寫入資訊到儲存媒體。在替代範例中,該儲存媒體可與該處理器整合。該處理器及該儲存媒體可駐留於一ASIC中。該ASIC可駐留於一使用者終端機之內。在替代範例中,該處理器及該儲存媒體可以分離組件的形式駐留於一使用者終端機內。
前文中提供較佳具體實施例的說明,讓熟習此項技術者可實施或使用本發明。熟習此項技術者應明白這些具體實施例的各種修改,並且本文中定義的一般原理可應用於未使用本發明功能的其他具體實施例。因此,本發明並非欲受限於此處所示的具體實施例,而係符合與此處所揭示之 原理及新穎特徵相一致之最廣範疇。
100‧‧‧通信系統
101‧‧‧基地台
102、103、104‧‧‧行動台
105‧‧‧公共交換電話與資料網路
106‧‧‧正向鏈路信號
107、108、109‧‧‧反向鏈路信號
160‧‧‧基地台
161‧‧‧正向鏈路信號
199‧‧‧回程
200‧‧‧接收器
204‧‧‧RAM
206‧‧‧搜尋器單元
208‧‧‧指狀元件
210‧‧‧控制系統
212‧‧‧組合器
214‧‧‧解碼器
252‧‧‧多工器
290‧‧‧射頻/中頻系統
292‧‧‧天線系統
300‧‧‧發射器
301‧‧‧調變器
302‧‧‧組塊
303‧‧‧資料速率與功率位準選擇器
304‧‧‧天線
307‧‧‧組塊
308‧‧‧組合器
309‧‧‧放大器
上文已參考附圖作詳細說明,使本發明的功能、目的及優點更明白,整份圖式中相同的參考文字視為對應的相同事物,其中:圖1根據本發明的各個方面,描述用以發送與接收資料之通信系統;圖2根據本發明的各個方面,描述用以接受資料之接收器系統;圖3根據本發明的各個方面,描述用以發送資料之發射器系統;以及圖4描述用以決定反向鏈路通信的資料速率之訊息流與程序。
(無元件代表符號)

Claims (30)

  1. 一種用以在一通信系統(100)中決定從一行動台(102、103、104)至一基地台(101、160)之反向鏈路通信之一資料速率之方法,其包括:決定(401)從該行動台(102、103、104)發送之用於數個通信服務之資料訊包;決定(402)每個該等資料訊包的一發送截止期限;根據該決定的發送截止期限,排列(403)至少一發送佇列中的該等資料訊包;根據允許滿足每個該等資料訊包之該發送截止期限之該佇列中的該等資料訊包的該排列,來對每一經排列之佇列決定(405)發送該等資料訊包之一資料速率。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該等資料訊包係排列在一個佇列中且一用於發送之資料速率係被決定。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其進一步包括:進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該資料速率的通信(407)。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其進一步包括:根據該佇列中該等資料訊包的該排列,決定(406)使用該決定的資料速率發送該等資料訊包的持續時間。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其進一步包括:進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該決定的持續時間的通信(407)。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其進一步包括: 決定(408)是否允許在該基地台(101、160)上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台(102、103、104)以該資料速率進行發送。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其進一步包括:當該決定不允許在該基地台(101、160)上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台(102、103、104)以該資料速率發送時,向該行動台(102、103、104)指示(411)一擁塞位準警示。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其進一步包括:丟棄(412)該佇列中該等資料訊包中的至少一個資料訊包,以決定一新資料訊包佇列;決定(413)用以發送該新資料訊包佇列之一新資料速率,其中該新資料速率係低於該資料速率。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其進一步包括:根據該新佇列中該等資料訊包的該排列,決定(414)使用該決定的新資料速率發送該等資料訊包之一新持續時間。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該等決定的資料速率包括一所需的資料速率以及至少一個擁塞位準資料速率。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其進一步包括:進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該等資料速率之通信(407)。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其進一步包括:根據該佇列中該等資料訊包的該排列,決定(406)使用 每個該等決定的資料速率發送該等資料訊包之持續時間。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項之方法,其進一步包括:進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該決定的持續時間之通信(407)。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其進一步包括:決定(408)是否允許在該基地台(101、160)上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台(102、103、104)以該等資料速率中的至少一個進行發送。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項之方法,其進一步包括:當該決定允許在該基地台(101、160)上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台(102、103、104)以該等資料速率中的至少一個進行發送時,指示該行動台(102、103、104)。
  16. 一種用以在一通信系統(100)中決定從一行動台(102、103、104)至一基地台(101、160)之反向鏈路通信之一資料速率之裝置,其包括:決定構件,其用以決定從該行動台(102、103、104)發送之用於數個通信服務之資料訊包;決定構件,其用以決定每個該等資料訊包的一發送截止期限;排列構件,其用以根據該決定的發送截止期限,排列至少一發送佇列中的該等資料訊包;決定構件,其用以根據允許滿足每個該等資料訊包之該發送截止期限之該佇列中的該等資料訊包的該排列,來對每一經排列之佇列決定發送該等資料訊包之一資料速率。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第16項之裝置,其中該等資料訊包係排列在一個佇列中且一用於發送之資料速率係被決定。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第16或17項之裝置,其進一步包括:通信構件,其用以進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該資料速率之通信。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第16或17項之裝置,其進一步包括:決定構件,其用以根據該佇列中該等資料訊包的該排列,決定使用該決定的資料速率發送該等資料訊包之持續時間。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第19項之裝置,其進一步包括:通信構件,其用以進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該決定的持續時間之通信。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第16或17項之裝置,其進一步包括:決定構件,其用以決定是否允許在該基地台(101、160)上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台(102、103、104)以該資料速率發送。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第21項之裝置,其進一步包括:指示構件,其用以當該決定不允許在該基地台(101、160)上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台(102、103、104)以該資料速率發送時,向該行動台(102、103、104)指示一擁塞位準警示。
  23. 如申請專利範圍第22項之裝置,其進一步包括:丟棄構件,其用以丟棄該佇列中的該等資料訊包中的至少一個資料訊包,以決定一新資料訊包佇列; 決定構件,其用以決定用以發送該新資料訊包佇列之一新資料速率,其中該新資料速率係低於該資料速率。
  24. 如申請專利範圍第23項之裝置,其進一步包括:決定構件,其用以根據該新佇列中該等資料訊包的該排列,決定使用該決定的新資料速率發送該等資料訊包之一新持續時間。
  25. 如申請專利範圍第16項之裝置,其中該等決定的資料速率包括一所需的資料速率以及至少一個擁塞位準資料速率。
  26. 如申請專利範圍第16項之裝置,其進一步包括:通信構件,其用以進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該等資料速率之通信。
  27. 如申請專利範圍第16項之裝置,其進一步包括:決定構件,其用以根據該佇列中該等資料訊包的該排列,決定使用每個該等決定的資料速率發送該等資料訊包之持續時間。
  28. 如申請專利範圍第27項之裝置,其進一步包括:通信構件,其用以進行從該行動台(102、103、104)至該基地台(101、160)之該決定的持續時間之通信。
  29. 如申請專利範圍第16項之裝置,其進一步包括:決定構件,其用以決定是否允許在該基地台上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台以該等資料速率中的至少一個進行發送。
  30. 如申請專利範圍第29項之裝置,其進一步包括:指示構件,其用以當該決定允許在該基地台(101、160) 上配置可用資源,用以從該行動台(102、103、104)以該等資料速率中的至少一個進行發送時,指示該行動台(102、103、104)。
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US20040160922A1 (en) 2004-08-19
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US20150256463A1 (en) 2015-09-10
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