TWI427126B - 聚矽胺烷在塗覆金屬帶上的用途 - Google Patents

聚矽胺烷在塗覆金屬帶上的用途 Download PDF

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TWI427126B
TWI427126B TW094135568A TW94135568A TWI427126B TW I427126 B TWI427126 B TW I427126B TW 094135568 A TW094135568 A TW 094135568A TW 94135568 A TW94135568 A TW 94135568A TW I427126 B TWI427126 B TW I427126B
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metal
coating
hydrogen
sir
metal strip
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Stefan Brand
Andreas Dierdorf
Hubert Liebe
Andreas Wacker
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Az Electronic Materials Luxembourg Sarl
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description

聚矽胺烷在塗覆金屬帶上的用途
本發明係關於藉由捲繞塗覆法(coil coating process)使用聚矽胺烷塗覆金屬帶的用途。
薄金屬帶(製自如,鋁,鋼或鋅)通常藉已知方法(如,捲繞塗覆法)塗覆。此方法中,塗料經由滾輪施用或噴於金屬帶("捲")上,塗料在乾燥區域中熱固化,之後將經塗覆的帶捲成圈。對於此塗料的要求主要是高機械變形性,此因帶高速通過捲繞塗覆設備,金屬帶以機械加工且於塗覆之後就成形且塗料於高溫迅速固化之故。固化作用基本上發生於爐溫200-350℃之時,所得的PMT(峰金屬溫度)約160-260℃(Rmpp Lexikon Lacke and Druckfarben,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1998)。
捲繞塗覆法中常用的塗料由有機黏合劑系統(如,聚酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂或氟化碳樹脂)所組成;一些情況中,必須使用兩種不同的塗料作為底塗和作為頂塗,以符合需求(特別是就塗層的耐蝕性觀之)。
已知塗料的一個缺點在於它們的天候安定性,此因其有機本質受限之故,其結果是,特別是於戶外應用時,黏合劑基質隨著時間損毀。
已知塗覆系統的另一缺點在於其耐刮性低,此因希望塗層儘可能柔軟以使得金屬帶易加工之故。
慣用黏合劑系統與溶劑或與酸性或鹼性物質接觸時(如:戶外應用遭遇如,酸雨或鳥糞的污染之時)的耐化學品性亦待改善。
由文獻得知,聚矽胺烷塗層能夠保護金屬不被腐蝕;但截至目前,所揭示的唯一一種塗覆方法中,固化必須以相當長時間進行,並因此而不適用於捲繞塗覆法。
JP2001172795描述以聚矽胺烷進行陽極化的鋁之表面密封,其藉由在高溫處理而轉化成二氧化矽膜。實例1中,鋁以非特定的聚矽胺烷噴塗,之後於80℃乾燥30分鐘,之後於400℃鍛燒2小時。此耗費人力的固化程序和高溫使得此方法不適用於捲繞塗覆法。
US6,627,559教導可確保腐蝕控制之包含聚矽胺烷之塗覆系統之用途。該系統具有至少兩層,其包含不同的聚矽胺烷混合物。重要的是調整聚矽胺烷與層結構的混合比例以得到無裂紋的塗層。所述實例中,層藉旋塗施用於鋼盤,並於施用一層之後,於300℃固化1小時。因為固化時間過長及必須多次通過塗覆裝置,所以此類型的方法不適合藉捲繞塗覆用於金屬之迅速塗覆。
WO2004/039904描述聚矽胺烷溶液於塗覆多種底質之用途。其中的實例7至13包括在鋁上製造腐蝕控制層。此聚矽胺烷溶液藉淹漫(flooding)施用,塗層藉由在120℃加熱1小時的方式固化。據此,此方法不適用於金屬帶之捲繞塗覆。
本發明的目的是要發展出一種用於捲繞塗覆法之塗料,其提供極佳腐蝕控制、高度耐光性和耐天候性且防止金屬刮傷。
令人訝異地,目前發現到,使用聚矽胺烷,藉由在高溫短時間固化,可製得高品質捲繞塗層,這些塗層非常堅硬且具有足夠的撓性並與金屬帶具有極佳黏合性,既使於機械應力下亦然,因此而符合這些需求。
據此,本發明提出用以塗覆金屬之塗料,包含式1所示之聚矽胺烷或聚矽胺烷之混合物於一種溶劑中之溶液-(SiR’R”-NR''')n - (1)
其中R’、R”、R'''相同或相異且獨立地各為氫或未經取代或經取代的烷基、芳基、乙烯基或(三烷氧基矽烷基)烷基,其中n是整數,其使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳,和至少一種觸媒。
特別適合的聚矽胺烷之R’、R”、R'''獨立地各選自氫、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、苯基、乙烯基或3-(三乙氧基矽烷基)丙基和3-(三甲氧基矽烷基)丙基。
一個較佳體系中,式2所示之全氫聚矽胺烷用於本發明之塗料
其中n是整數,其使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳,和至少一種觸媒。
另一較佳體系中,本發明之塗料包含式(3)所示之聚矽胺烷-(SiR’R”-NR''')n -(SiR R -NR )p - (3)
其中R’、R”、R'''、R 、R 和R 獨立地各為氫或未經取代或經取代的烷基、芳基、乙烯基或(三烷氧基矽烷基)烷基,其中n和p係整數且n使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳。
特別佳的情況為化合物中-R’、R'''和R 為氫,且R”、R 和R 為甲基;-R’、R'''和R 為氫,R”、R 為甲基,且R 為乙烯基;-R’、R'''、R 和R 為氫,且R”和R 為甲基。
亦較佳的情況係使用式(4)所示聚矽胺烷-(SiR’R”-NR''')n -(SiR R -NR )p -(SiR1 R2 -NR3 )q - (4)
其中R’、R”、R'''、R 、R 、R 、R1 、R2 和R3 獨立地各為氫或未經取代或經取代的烷基、芳基、乙烯基或(三烷氧基矽烷基)烷基,其中n、p和q係整數且n使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳。特別佳的情況中,所用的化合物中,R’、R'''和R 為氫,且R”、R 、R 和R2 為甲基,R3 是(三乙氧基矽烷基)丙基且R1 是烷基或氫。
通常,聚矽胺烷於溶劑中的量為1至50重量%聚矽胺烷,以3至30重量%為佳,5至20重量%較佳。
用於聚矽胺烷調合物之適當溶劑包括,特別是無水且不含反應性基團(如,羥基或胺基)之有機溶劑。這些是,如,脂族或芳族烴、鹵化烴、酯(如,乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯)、酮(如,丙酮或丁酮)、醚(如,四氫呋喃或二丁醚)及單和多伸烷二醇二烷基醚(glyme)或這些溶劑之混合物。
聚矽胺烷調合物之其他構份可為添加劑,如,影響調合物黏度、底質潤濕、膜成形或蒸發行為者,或無機奈米顆粒,如,SiO2 、TiO2 、ZnO、ZrO2 或Al2 O3
所用觸媒可為,如,有機胺、酸、金屬、金屬鹽或這些化合物之混合物。觸媒用量以聚矽胺烷重量計之0.001%至10%為佳,特別是0.01%至6%,0.1%至3%更佳。
胺觸媒的例子為氨、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、正丙胺、異丙胺、二正丙胺、二異丙胺、三正丙胺、正丁胺、異丁胺、二正丁胺、二異丁胺、三正丁胺、正戊胺、二正戊胺、三正戊胺、二環己胺、苯胺、2,4-二甲基吡啶、4,4-三伸甲基雙(1-甲基哌啶)、1,4-二氮雜二環〔2.2.2〕辛烷、N,N-二甲基哌嗪、順-2,6-二甲基哌嗪、反-2,5-二甲基哌嗪、4,4-伸甲基雙(環己胺)、硬脂胺、1,3-二(4-哌啶基)丙烷、N,N-二甲基丙醇胺、N,N-二甲基己醇胺、N,N-二甲基辛醇胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、1-哌啶乙醇和4-哌啶醇。
有機酸的例子是乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和己酸。
作為觸媒之金屬和金屬化合物的例子有鈀、醋酸鈀、乙醯基丙酮鈀、丙酸鈀、鎳、乙醯基丙酮鎳、銀粉、乙醯基丙酮銀、鉑、乙醯基丙酮鉑、釕、乙醯基丙酮釕、羰基釕金、銅、乙醯基丙酮銅、乙醯基丙酮鋁和參(乙醯基丙酮乙酯)鋁。
取決於所用的觸媒系統,濕氣或氧之存在可以扮演與塗層之固化有關的角色。例如,選擇適當的觸媒系統,於高或低環境濕氣或高或低氧含量可達到迅速固化。嫻於此技術者瞭解這些影響並可據此藉由適當的最適化方法調整環境條件。
本發明另提出一種方法,其中,藉捲繞塗覆法,以聚矽胺烷溶液塗覆金屬條。此捲繞塗覆法詳述於Rmpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1998。茲將文獻的該項目列入參考。此方法之執行和最適化為嫻於此技術者所熟知。因此,本發明不再對此方法作更詳細的說明。
最後,本發明提出經根據本發明之方法塗覆的金屬條。
本發明之以聚矽胺烷為基礎的塗料藉一般捲繞塗覆法施用;換言之,有時經由滾輪、藉噴霧或藉由在浸液中塗覆的方式施用於捲繞品。可施用於捲繞品的一面或同時施用於正和反面。之後,條狀物通至乾燥區域。
施用塗料之前,可以先施用底塗,其可用以改善聚矽胺烷膜與金屬條的黏合性。典型底塗係以矽烷為基礎者,如,3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基乙氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯基氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-(2-胺基-乙基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、雙(3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基)胺、N-(正丁基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷和N-(2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷。
聚矽胺烷可於高溫於非常短時間固化,因此確保在乾燥區域中之足夠的固化。因為聚矽胺烷具有良好的溫度安定性,此固化溫度可能比慣用的塗覆系統為高。對於此溫度的唯一限制通常源自於金屬條之熱變形。
捲繞塗覆法中之聚矽胺烷塗層之固化以於爐溫150至500℃進行為佳,以180至350℃較佳,200至300℃更佳。乾燥時間通常是10至120秒鐘,此取決於膜厚度。根據金屬條的厚度和本質及乾燥區域構造,此處達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是100至400℃,以150至300℃為佳,200至260℃更佳。
除了藉慣用乾燥方式固化以外,也可以使用以IR或NIR技巧為基礎的射線乾燥機。此處,這些乾燥機分別於12至1.2微米或1.2至0.8微米的波長範圍內操作。典型射線強度是在5至1000千瓦/平方米範圍內。
以聚矽胺烷調合物塗覆之後,可以進行進一步後處理以調適塗層的表面能量。此意謂其可製造出親水、疏水或疏油表面,此影響玷污趨勢。
用於塗覆的較佳金屬是,如,鋁、鋼、經電鍍的鋼、鋅、鎂、鈦或這些金屬的合金。此金屬或金屬帶可經如下之前處理:鉻酸鹽處理、無鉻酸鹽前處理、陽極處理或以金屬氧化物膜蒸鍍。
使用本發明之聚矽胺烷塗料,能夠得到極佳的腐蝕控制,比慣用捲繞塗覆材料薄得多的塗層便已足夠。經固化的聚矽胺烷塗層之一般塗層厚度是0.1至10,以0.5至5為佳,1至3微米更佳。因為所用溶劑量減低,所以,此方式中達到之材料消耗的減低量對於生態有利。此外,因為聚矽胺烷塗層本身提供夠高的保護效果,所以不須要底塗。就塗料的有機本質觀之,其抗UV和天候性極佳。
根據本發明塗覆之捲繞品可用於建構範疇之非常廣泛的應用中之任何者,例如,用於運輸工具建構或製造居家用品。這些可以是,如,天花板或壁組件、窗框、滾輪線輸膛、反射器、車體組件或居家用品組件。
實例
所用全氫聚矽胺烷是Clariant Japan K.K.的產品。所用溶劑是二正丁基醚(NL命名)。此溶液含有(相對於全氫聚矽胺烷為0.75重量%)丙酸鈀作為觸媒。
選擇實例中的固化條件,以與捲繞塗覆裝置中者相仿。
下列實例中,份數和百分比皆以重量計。
實例1(塗覆鋁板)0.5毫米厚的鋁板浸於裝有20%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後直接將板引至已預熱至250℃的強制空氣乾燥爐中,60秒鐘之後離開。此期間內,達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是240℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例2(塗覆鋁板)0.5毫米厚的鋁板浸於裝有10%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後直接將板引至已預熱至250℃的強制空氣乾燥爐中,30秒鐘之後離開。此期間內,達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是240℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例3(塗覆經陽極處理鋁板)0.5毫米厚的經陽極處理鋁板浸於裝有20%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後直接將板引至已預熱至250℃的強制空氣乾燥爐中,60秒鐘之後離開。此期間內,達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是240℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例4(塗覆表面經改質的鋁板)0.5毫米厚之表面已施用TiO2 和SiO2 氧化物膜的鋁板浸於裝有20%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後直接將板引至已預熱至250℃的強制空氣乾燥爐中,60秒鐘之後離開。此期間內,達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是240℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例5(以IR固化之表面經改質的鋁板)0.5毫米厚之表面已施用TiO2 和SiO2 氧化物膜的鋁板浸於裝有20%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後,板直接以IR乾燥機(鎢燈)自下方照射50秒鐘。此時達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是240℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例6(塗覆鋅板)0.8毫米厚的鋅板浸於裝有10%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後直接將板引至已預熱至260℃的強制空氣乾燥爐中,30秒鐘之後離開。此期間內,達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是230℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例7(塗覆鋅板)0.8毫米厚的鋅板浸於裝有20%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後直接將板引至已預熱至260℃的強制空氣乾燥爐中,60秒鐘之後離開。此期間內,達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是240℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例8(塗覆鋅板)0.8毫米厚的鋅板浸於裝有20%強度全氫聚矽胺烷溶液NL120A-20(Clariant Japan)和聚甲基聚矽胺烷於汽油中之10%溶液(藉US6,329,487中之實例1中所述方製備)之比例為2.83:1之混合物的浸泡裝置中並以120公分/分鐘速率引出。塗覆之後直接將板引至已預熱至260℃的強制空氣乾燥爐中,60秒鐘之後離開。此期間內,達到的峰金屬溫度(PMT)是240℃。冷卻之後所得者是清澈、透明且無裂紋的塗層。
實例9(腐蝕測試)於根據ISO 6270-4之冷凝水交替的環境試驗中測試得自實例6至8之經塗覆的鋅板之耐蝕性。曝露次數為25次循環之後,評估樣品。所得結果如下:
實例10(耐刮性測定)多次曝於(來回磨擦五次)力量為3牛頓的00級鋼絨,以測定耐刮性。根據下列標準評估耐刮性:非常良好(無刮痕)、良好(些許刮痕)、滿意(明顯刮痕)、足夠(嚴重刮傷)和不足(極嚴重刮傷)。
實例11(黏合強度)根據DIN EN ISO 2409,藉交錯切割試驗測定塗層之黏合性,黏合性分級為0(最佳分數)至5(最差分數)。

Claims (15)

  1. 一種藉捲繞塗覆法來塗覆金屬之方法,其包含於金屬上施用溶液以在該金屬上形成塗層,並藉由使用IR或NIR照射於150至500℃的溫度下固化在該金屬上的塗層,且固化時間是10至120秒,該溶液包含式1所示之聚矽胺烷或聚矽胺烷之混合物於溶劑中,及至少一種觸媒,-(SiR’R”-NR''')n - (1)其中R’、R”、R'''係相同或相異且彼此獨立地為氫或未經取代或經取代的烷基、芳基、乙烯基或(三烷氧基矽烷基)烷基,其中n是整數,其使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中R’、R”、R'''彼此獨立地選自氫、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、苯基、乙烯基、3-(三乙氧基矽烷基)丙基和3-(三甲氧基矽烷基)丙基。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中聚矽胺烷是式2所示之全氫聚矽胺烷
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中聚矽胺烷係式(3)所示者-(SiR’R”-NR''')n -(SiR*R**-NR***)p - (3) 其中R’、R”、R'''、R*、R**和R***彼此獨立地為氫或未經取代或經取代的烷基、芳基、乙烯基或(三烷氧基矽烷基)烷基,其中n和p係整數且n使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中-R’、R'''和R***為氫,且R”、R*和R**為甲基;-R’、R'''和R***為氫,R”、R*為甲基,且R**為乙烯基;或-R’、R'''、R*和R***為氫,且R”和R**為甲基。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中聚矽胺烷係式(4)所示者-(SiR’R”-NR''')n -(SiR*R**-NR***)p -(SiR1 R2 -NR3 )q - (4)其中R’、R”、R'''、R*、R**、R***、R1 、R2 和R3 彼此獨立地為氫或未經取代或經取代的烷基、芳基、乙烯基或(三烷氧基矽烷基)烷基,其中n、p和q係整數且n使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中R’、R'''和R***為氫,且R”、R*、R**和R2 為甲基,R3 是(三乙氧基矽烷基)丙基且R1 是烷基或氫。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中聚矽胺烷溶液含有1至50重量%聚矽胺烷。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中全氫聚矽胺烷溶液含有0.001至10重量%觸媒。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中所用觸媒係有機胺、酸、金屬、金屬鹽或這些化合物之混合物。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中所用溶劑是不含有反應性基團之無水有機溶劑。
  12. 一種連續塗覆金屬帶之方法,其包含於金屬帶上施用之溶液以在該金屬帶上形成塗層,並藉由使用IR或NIR照射於150至500℃的溫度下固化在該金屬帶上的塗層,且固化時間是10-120秒,該溶液包含式(1)所示之聚矽胺烷或聚矽胺烷之混合物於溶劑中,及至少一種觸媒,-(SiR’R”-NR''')n - (1)其中R’、R”、R'''係相同或相異且彼此獨立地為氫或未經取代或經取代的烷基、芳基或(三烷氧基矽烷基)烷基,其中n是整數,其使得聚矽胺烷具有數均分子量由150至150,000克/莫耳。
  13. 一種經如申請專利範圍第1項之方法塗覆的金屬或金屬帶。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第13項之金屬或金屬帶,其中金屬包含鋁、鋼、經電鍍的鋼、鋅、鎂或鈦的合金。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第13或14項之金屬或金屬帶,其中施用塗料之前,金屬帶經如下之前處理:鉻酸鹽處理、無鉻酸鹽前處理、陽極處理或以金屬氧化物膜蒸鍍。
TW094135568A 2004-11-12 2005-10-12 聚矽胺烷在塗覆金屬帶上的用途 TWI427126B (zh)

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