TWI408223B - 潤滑脂組成物及軸承 - Google Patents
潤滑脂組成物及軸承 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係有關潤滑脂組成物及軸承,更詳細言之,係有關防鏽性優良且適合做為製鐵設備軸承用,特別是適合做為連續鑄造設備軸承用之潤滑脂組成物、以及封入有該潤滑脂組成物之軸承。
在機械之潤滑脂潤滑方面,如製鐵工廠之連續鑄造設備軸承或軋機軸承等會被水潑到,故常有水分混入潤滑脂中而使軸承生鏽之情形。
在如上述之條件下所使用之潤滑脂,係已知有例如在以高黏度精製礦油做為基油之脲潤滑脂(urea grease)中添加有機系防鏽劑而成者(例如,參照專利文獻1至3)。此情形,係藉由使有機系防鏽劑吸附於金屬表面以防止水與氧直接接觸到金屬而防止生鏽。
然而,如連續鑄造設備等,當含有腐蝕性離子之水大量混入潤滑脂中且軸承係經長時間放置時,以往之潤滑脂係無法抑制軸承生鏽,因生鏽所造成之軸承報廢率佔有相當大之比例。
做為即使在含有腐蝕性離子之水大量混入之環境中仍能發揮優良防鏽性之潤滑脂組成物,在專利文獻4中記載有一種潤滑脂組成物,其含有:基油、如下式所示之雙脲(diurea)系增稠劑:R1
NH-CO-NH-C6
H4
-CH2
-C6
H4
-NH-CO-NHR2
(式中,R1
及R2
係相同或不同的碳原子數6至30之烷基、碳原子數6或7之芳基、或環己基)、金屬磺酸鹽、從由琥珀酸及琥珀酸衍生物所成群組中選出之至少1種化合物、環烷酸鹽(naphthenate)、以及界面活性劑。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2003-73682[專利文獻2]日本特開2002-53884[專利文獻3]日本特開2001-234935[專利文獻4]日本特開2005-213289
本發明之目的係提供:即使在含有大量腐蝕性離子之水大量混入之環境中仍能發揮優良防鏽性之潤滑脂組成物。
本發明之其他目的係提供將上述潤滑脂組成物封入而成之軸承。
本發明係提供如以下所示之潤滑脂組成物、以及使用該潤滑脂組成物之軸承。
1.一種潤滑脂組成物,其含有:基油、如下式(1)所示之雙脲系增稠劑、界面活性劑、琥珀酸衍生物、金屬磺酸鹽、以及苯并三唑系化合物;(1)R1
NH-CO-NH-C6
H4
-CH2
-C6
H4
-NH-CO-NHR2
(式中,R1
及R2
係相同或不同的碳原子數6至30之烷基、碳原子數6或7之芳基、或環己基)。
2.如上述1記載之潤滑脂組成物,其中,界面活性劑係山梨醇酐(sorbitan)系化合物。
3.如上述1或2記載之潤滑脂組成物,其中,琥珀酸衍生物係從由琥珀酸半酯、琥珀醯亞胺及琥珀酸酐所成群組中選出之至少1種。
4.如上述1至3中任一項記載之潤滑脂組成物,其中,金屬磺酸鹽係磺酸鈣鹽。
5.如上述1至4中任一項記載之潤滑脂組成物,其中,苯并三唑系化合物係1,2,3-苯并三唑。
6.如上述1至5中任一項記載之潤滑脂組成物,其中,基油係40℃時之動黏度為100至500mm2
/s之礦油。
7.一種軸承,其係將上述1至6中任1項記載之潤滑脂組成物封入而成者。
8.如上述7記載之軸承,其係製鐵設備軸承。
9.如上述8記載之軸承,其係連續鑄造設備軸承。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物,即使在含有大量腐蝕性離子之水大量混入之環境中仍能發揮優良防鏽性,而且封入有該潤滑脂組成物之軸承係能長時間抑制生鏽且可使因生鏽所造成之軸承報廢率大幅降低。因此,特別是適合做為如製鐵工廠之連續鑄造設備軸承或軋機軸承等會被水潑到而使水分混入潤滑脂中以致於容易生鏽之軸承用潤滑脂。
此外,本發明之潤滑脂組成物係由於未使用反應性強之防鏽劑,故軸承不會變色而隨時都可檢驗。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中所使用之基油可舉例如:礦油、酯系合成油、醚系合成油、合成烴油等,此等可單獨或混合2種以上而使用。特別是以礦油為佳,而以在40℃時之動黏度為100至500mm2
/s之礦油更佳。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中所使用之雙脲系增稠劑係如式(1)所示者。
此種雙脲系增稠劑係可藉由使辛胺、硬脂胺、十二基胺、十六基胺等烷基單胺,苯胺、對甲苯胺等芳基單胺,環己胺等單胺與二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二異氰酸酯進行反應而得到。特佳之增稠劑係R1
及R2
為碳原子數6至30之烷基及碳原子數6或7之芳基的式(1)之雙脲化合物。
雙脲系增稠劑在潤滑脂組成物中之含量係以在2至20質量%為佳,而以在3至15質量%為更佳。
當水混入潤滑脂中時,本發明之潤滑脂組成物中所使用之界面活性劑會進行W/O(water-in-oil,油包水)化而以微細粒子之型態進入潤滑脂中,其結果,具有防止水直接與金屬接觸之效果,且發揮良好之防鏽性。界面活性劑之種類係陰離子系界面活性劑、陽離子系界面活性劑、兩性界面活性劑等離子系界面活性劑及非離子系界面活性劑皆可使用。以非離子系界面活性劑為佳,以HLB為8以下之非離子系界面活性劑為特佳。
非離子系界面活性劑可舉例如:烷基醚型、烷基酯型、山梨醇酐酯型、山梨醇酐酯醚型等。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中之界面活性劑之含量係以在0.1至5質量%為佳,而以在0.5至3質量%更佳。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中所使用之琥珀酸衍生物,係已知做為潤滑脂之防鏽劑,而琥珀酸半酯可舉例如:烷基琥珀酸半酯、烯基琥珀酸半酯等。烷基、烯基皆可舉例如碳原子數4至30者,但以做為半酯之醇殘基則可舉例如碳原子數2至20之烷基。琥珀醯亞胺可舉例如:烷基琥珀醯亞胺、烯基琥珀醯亞胺等。烷基、烯基皆可舉例如碳原子數4至30者。琥珀酸酐可舉例如:烷基琥珀酸酐、烯基琥珀酸酐等。烷基、烯基皆可舉例如碳原子數4至30者。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中之琥珀酸衍生物之含量係以在0.1至5質量%為佳,而以在0.2至3質量%更佳。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中所使用之金屬磺酸鹽可舉例如:磺酸鈣、磺酸鋅、磺酸鋇、磺酸鎂等。此等金屬磺酸鹽係已知做為防鏽劑,而可舉例如二壬基萘磺酸或烷基芳香族磺酸等的金屬鹽,例如:鈣鹽、鋅鹽、鋇鹽、鎂鹽。金屬磺酸鹽之全鹼價係以在400mgKOH/g以下為佳,而以在50mgKOH/g以下更佳。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中之金屬磺酸鹽之含量係以在0.1至5質量%為佳,而以在0.5至3質量%更佳。
本發明之潤滑脂組成物中所使用之苯并三唑系化合物之具體例可舉例如:1,2,3-苯并三唑、4-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑、4-羧基-1,2,3-苯并三唑、甲苯并三唑鈉、5-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑、苯并三唑丁基醚、苯并三唑銀、5-氯-1,2,3-苯并三唑、1-氯-苯并三唑、1-二(C8
H17
)胺基甲基-苯并三唑、2,3-二羥丙基-苯并三唑、1,2-二羧乙基-苯并三唑、(C8
H17
)胺基甲基-苯并三唑、雙(苯并三唑-1-基-甲基)(C8
H17
)胺、N,N-雙(2-乙基己基)-4-甲基-1H-苯并三唑1-甲基胺、N,N-雙(2-乙基己基)-5-甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑1-甲基胺等。
在本發明之潤滑脂組成物中,亦可含有抗氧化劑、金屬去活化劑、極壓劑(extreme pressure agent)、固體潤滑劑、摩擦緩和劑等做為其他添加劑。
(實施例)其次,依據實施例及比較例而說明本發明。
(實施例1至5及比較例1至5)在容器中放入基油1316g與二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二異氰酸酯138g,並將混合物加熱到70至80℃。在另一容器中放入基油1400g與辛胺116g及苯胺20g並加熱到70至80℃後,加入到先前之容器中。一面充分攪拌混合物並同時升溫至180℃後,放置冷卻,而得到基準脲潤滑脂(base urea grease)(脂肪族+芳香族雙脲)。在此基準脲潤滑脂中加入適當基油,並將所得到之混合物以三段輥磨機(three-stege roll mill)調整至稠度330,而得到潤滑脂A。在潤滑脂A中,以如表1、2所示之調配方式加入添加劑,且加入適當基油,並將所得到之混合物以三段輥磨機調整至稠度350。
在上述實施例及比較例中,任一潤滑脂之基油皆使用具有以下特性之礦油。
(試驗方法).稠度(JIS K2220.7.)將混合稠度統一成350。
.高負荷軸承防鏽試驗使用ASTM D 1743之軸承防鏽試驗方法中所使用之裝置,且以潤滑脂中含有30%之腐蝕水者做為樣品,並在軸承(32304J)上施加1000kgf.cm之扭力矩,在溫度80℃放置48小時後,確認軸承之生鏽狀態。
(評估)# 1:外輪滾圈(race)面上完全無生鏽# 2:外輪滾圈面上局部生鏽在3處以內# 3:外輪滾圈面上局部生鏽在4處以上
.Emcor試驗按照IP220,將潤滑脂10g填充至所規定之自動對位滾珠軸承(self-aligning ball bearing)(1306K)中。以轉數80rpm試運轉30分後,加入20ml之腐蝕水,並重複兩次以80rpm運轉8小時、停止16小時。並且,在運轉8小時後,放置108小時,觀察生鏽狀態。
(評估)0:無生鏽1:生鏽在3處以內2:生鏽佔表面之1%以內3:生鏽佔表面之1至5% 4:生鏽佔表面之5至10% 5:生鏽佔表面之10%以上
在此使用之腐蝕水係含有下述離子者,且為製鐵工廠之工業用水所含之平均離子濃度。
Cl-
離子:150ppm SO4 2-
離子:150ppm HCO3 -
離子:150ppm Na+
離子:225ppm F-
離子:40ppm
.銅板腐蝕試驗潤滑脂係一般以透過供脂配管來供給潤滑脂而使用。該供脂配管由於大多是使用銅製者,故一般要求潤滑脂對於銅之耐腐蝕性。
按照JIS K2220.7.,將研磨過之銅板浸於潤滑脂中,在100℃維持24小時後,調查銅板有無變色。
(評估)○:無變綠或變黑×:有變綠或變黑
結果如表1及表2所示。
從表1所示之結果可得知,本發明之實施例1至5之潤滑脂組成物係由於含有基油、如式(1)所示之雙脲系增稠劑、界面活性劑、琥珀酸衍生物、金屬磺酸鹽、以及苯并三唑系化合物,故防鏽性優良且銅板腐蝕性也小。
相對於此,從表2所示之結果可得知,不含琥珀酸衍生物之比較例1及2、不含金屬磺酸鹽之比較例3及4、不含界面活性劑之比較例5至7之潤滑脂組成物係防鏽性差且銅板腐蝕性也大,並且不含苯并三唑之比較例8至10之潤滑脂組成物係防鏽性差且銅板腐蝕性大。
Claims (12)
- 一種潤滑脂組成物,其含有:基油、如下式(1)所示之雙脲系增稠劑、界面活性劑、琥珀酸衍生物、金屬磺酸鹽、以及苯并三唑系化合物;該基油為礦油、酯系合成油、醚系合成油或合成烴油;該界面活性劑為烷基醚型、烷基酯型、山梨醇酐酯型或山梨醇酐酯醚型之界面活性劑;該金屬磺酸鹽為磺酸鈣、磺酸鋅、磺酸鋇或磺酸鎂;且該琥珀酸衍生物係從由琥珀醯亞胺及琥珀酸酐所成群組中選出之至少1種;(1)R1 NH-CO-NH-C6 H4 -CH2 -C6 H4 -NH-CO-NHR2 (式中,R1 及R2 係相同或不同的碳原子數6至30之烷基、碳原子數6或7之芳基、或環己基)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,界面活性劑係山梨醇酐系化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,金屬磺酸鹽係磺酸鈣鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,苯并三唑系化合物係1,2,3-苯并三唑。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,苯并三唑系化合物係1,2,3-苯并三唑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,基油係40℃時之動黏度為100至500mm2 /s之礦 油。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,基油係40℃時之動黏度為100至500mm2 /s之礦油。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,基油係40℃時之動黏度為100至500mm2 /s之礦油。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之潤滑脂組成物,其中,基油係40℃時之動黏度為100至500mm2 /s之礦油。
- 一種軸承,其係將申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任1項之潤滑脂組成物封入而成者。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之軸承,其係製鐵設備軸承。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之軸承,其係連續鑄造設備軸承。
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