TWI306447B - Electroluminescent iridium compounds having red-orange or red emission and devices made with such compounds - Google Patents
Electroluminescent iridium compounds having red-orange or red emission and devices made with such compounds Download PDFInfo
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- TWI306447B TWI306447B TW091132776A TW91132776A TWI306447B TW I306447 B TWI306447 B TW I306447B TW 091132776 A TW091132776 A TW 091132776A TW 91132776 A TW91132776 A TW 91132776A TW I306447 B TWI306447 B TW I306447B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 41
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- -1 poly(ethylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 2
- MZNSQRLUUXWLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1h-pyrrole Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CN1 MZNSQRLUUXWLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000031 ethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[*] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical class [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 99
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 34
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 101150041968 CDC13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
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- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001850 copernicium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Natural products C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBHCDHNUZWWAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pecazine Chemical compound C1N(C)CCCC1CN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 CBHCDHNUZWWAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- GRHYFDZMGZYXAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptafluoropentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)F GRHYFDZMGZYXAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
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- GHQCZUMSSZNLJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1CO GHQCZUMSSZNLJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000950 dibromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N dichloromethane-d2 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])(Cl)Cl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004141 diterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoac etoac Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCOC(C)=O OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QAMFBRUWYYMMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroacetylacetone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)CC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAMFBRUWYYMMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical class [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002734 organomagnesium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanyl Chemical group [PH2] FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004621 quinuclidinyl group Chemical group N12C(CC(CC1)CC2)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TXZRZVPDNWCKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)F TXZRZVPDNWCKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AEQFSUDEHCCHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium valproate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC AEQFSUDEHCCHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UAKCMIIOSJFOTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)CC([O-])=O UAKCMIIOSJFOTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- ARYHTUPFQTUBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-2-ylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CS1 ARYHTUPFQTUBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
1306447 ⑴ 玖、發明說明 (發明說明驗明:發砸屬之技域、先前撕、內容、黻方式及圖式簡單說明) 發明皆景 憂夏頷域 本發明係、關於銀_之電發光錯合物,其在可見光光譜 之紅 '橙色及紅色區域具有發射光譜。其亦關於其中活性層 包括電發光Ir(III)錯合物之電子裝置。 ^OL技藝說明 I射光之有機電子裝置’如組成顯示器之發光二極管, 存在於許多+同種類之電子設# β在所有之此種裝置,有 機活性層夾在兩個電接觸層之間。至少一個電接觸層為透 光使彳于光可通過電接觸層。在橫越電接觸層施加電力時, 有機活性層發射通過透光電接觸層之光。 、已知在發光二極管中使用有機電發光化合物作為活性成 分。已知如蒽、噻二唑衍生物、〗蓑草素之簡單有機分子 顯不電發光。#已使用半導體共車厄聚合物作為電發光成分 ’例如,如FHend等人之美國專利以^心㈣等人之 美國專利M08J09、與Nakan。等人之公告歐洲專利申請案 443 861所肩示。具有三價金屬離子(特別是紹)之㈣基灰 寧基已廣泛地作為電發光成分,例如,如㈣等人之美國 專利5,552,678所揭示。 :: 具有摻雜銥有機金屬錯合物之聚合物之活性層之電發光 裝置已由B_ws與丁h〇mps〇n揭示於公告之pcT申請案购 (2) 1306447 發明說明續頁 00/70655與WO 01/41512。大邱々v +灿入仏曰士 八。卩伤34些錯合物具有尖蜂在綠 色或藍-綠色區域之發射·光譜。 對於發射可見光譜之紅色區域之光(心糊奈旬之有效 電發光化合物仍有持續之需求。 發明相 本發明係關於一種具有選自式丨與式π之式之金屬錯合物:
IrL3 (I)
IrL2Z (II) 二 其中: Z選自β-烯醇基、胺基羧酸基、亞胺基羧酸基、柳酸基、 超基奎寧基、與二芳基膦基烷氧化物;及 L選自圖1之式;[Π、式IV、式ν、式VI、與式νπ,及圖2 之式VIII、式IX與式X,其中: 在式III中: R至R6在各情形為相同或不同,而且R3至R6至少之一選 自 D ' F、CnF2n + 1、〇CnF2n + 1、與 〇cf2Y ;
Rl在各情形為相同或不同,而且選自D、CnH2n + 1、OR" 、SR11 ' N(R")2、F、Cn(H+F)2n+1、〇Cn(H+F)2n+1、與 OCF2Y ’或相鄰之R1對可結合形成五-或六-員環; Y為Η、C1、或Br ;及 A 為 S 或 NR11 ; ' 在式III至X之:彡: RM在各情形為相同或不同,而且為Η或cnH2n + 1 ; 1306447 發明說明續頁 η為1至12之整數;及 α為0、1或2 ; 至X之各 δ為0或1至4之整數; 在式νττφ : Ε至Ε4在各情形為相同或不同,而且為crI2或ν,其條件 為至少一個丑為]^;及 R12在各情形為相同或不同,而且選自Η、D、SR11:、 N(Rn)2、F、Cn(H+F)2n+1、0Cn(H+F)2n+1、與 0Cf2Y,或相 鄰之R對可結合形成五_或六-員環,其條件為至少一個Rl2 選自 D、F、Cn(H+F)2n+1、〇cn(H+F)2n+1、與 〇CF2Y ; 在式VIII至X之各愔报: R2及R7至R10在各情形為相同或不同,而且選自h、d、
CnH2n+1、OR 、SR11、與n(Rh)2,或相鄰之R對可結舍形 成五-或六-員環。 在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於具有至少一個活 性層(其包含在570至700奈米範圍具有發射最大值之發光層) 之有機電子裝置’丨中活性層之至少2〇重量%包含以上金屬 錯合物、或以上金屬錯合物之組合。 在此使用之名詞“化合物” 意圖表示由分子(其更包括原子)
離于阳艰风芝具有公稱(-1)電荷之配位基 7法分雞。名詞j 二分子、離子、 b ‘HL”因損失氫 字母“Z”用以表 -8- 1306447 (4) [^明 不由^中性母體化合物“Hz”因損失氫離子而形成之具有公稱 屯荷之配位基。術語“錯合物,,在作名詞使用時,意圖表 有至;一個金屬離子及至少一個配位基之化合物。名 司β —碳基”意圖表示其中存在兩個以CHR基分離之酮基之 中〖生化合物。名詞“β_烯醇基,,意圖表示β-二羰基之陰離子形 式,其中已摘除來自兩個羰基間之CHR基之Η。名詞“基,,意 圖表示一部份化合物’如有機化合物中之取代基或錯合= 之配位基。名凋面部”意圖表示具有八面體幾何之錯合 物Masb3之一種異構物,其中三個“a,,基均相鄰,即,在八 面體之一面之角落。名詞“子午線,,意圖表示具有八面體幾 何之錯合物之一種異構物,其中三個、,,基佔據三個 位置使得其二彼此為反式。片語“相鄰,,在指裝置中之層時 ,不必然地表示一層緊鄰另一層。另一方面,片語“相鄰r 基’用以指彼此在化學式中緊鄰之尺基(即,在藉鍵結合之原 子上之R基)。名詞“光活性,,指呈現電發光及/或光敏性之任 何材料。此外,全部使用IUPAC編號系統,其中週期表之 奴由左自右邊編為 1至 18 (CRC Handb〇〇k 〇f Chemist7
Physics,第81版,2000)。在式及方程式中,字母A、£、乙 、R' Q、Y、與Z用以表示其内定義之原子或基。所有其他 字母用以表示習知原子符號。名詞“(H+F)”意圖表示氫與氟 之所有組合,包括完全氫化、部份氫化或全氟化取代基。 “發射最大值,,表示得到最大電發光強度之波長奈米。電發' 光通常在二極管結構中測量,其中測試之材料夾在兩個電 接觸層之間且施加電壓。光強度及波長各可藉,例如,光 (5) 1306447 發明說明續頁 電二極管與光譜儀測量。 1.式說明 圖1顯示用於本發明金屬錯合物之配位基L之式III至VII。 圖2顯不用於本發明金屬錯合物之配位基L之式VIII至X。 圖3顯不用於本發明之卜烯醇基配位基之式χι與膦基烷氧 化物之式XII。 圖4顯不合成用於本發明之母體配位基化合物HL之方程 式⑴。 圖5顯示形成用於本發明之錯合物之方程式⑺至⑷。 圖6為發光裝置(LED)之略示圖。 圖7為LED測試裝置之略示圖。 鍪施例之詳細却明 本發明之金屬錯合物具有上示式〗與式π之一,而且稱為 環金屬化錯合物。式!與式„中之鼓為+3氧化狀態且為六配 位。在式1中’ #合物為不具有額外配位基之參環金屬化錯 合物。此參錯合物可呈現面部或子午她可,但是最常形 成面部異構物。在式Π中’錯合物為具有—個額外單陰離子 性雙牙配位基Ζ之C環金屬化錯合物。這些環金屬化銀錯合 物為中性及非離子性,而且可完整地昇華。經真空沉積得 到之14些故料之薄膜呈現良好至優良之電發光性質。 本發明之錯合物具有最大值在57〇至7〇〇奈米範圍(其為可 見光光譜之紅-橙色至紅色區域)之發射光譜。較佳之紅色& 射在620奈米及更大。 Χ 1306447 _ (6) 發明說明績頁 或°比π各-°比。定(在A為NR_11時)化合物,其中在。比0定上有至少 個含氟取代基。R至R基可選自有機化合物之習知取代 基’如烷基、烷氧基、鹵素 '硝基、與氰基,及氘、氟、 l 氟化烷基、與氟化烷氧基。此基可部份地或完全地氟化(全 w 化)。較佳為α為0,及R3及/或R5為含氟取代基。最佳為 CF3。在Α為NR11時,較佳為R11為CH3。 圖1所示具有式IV之配位基L衍生自嗟吩-或。比洛·奎寧化 合物。圖1所示具有式V或式VI之配位基l衍生自售吩-或。此 略-異奎寧化合物。較佳為α為0。在A為NR11時,較佳為Ru籲春 為 CH3。
圖1所示具有式VII之配位基L衍生自噻吩-或吡咯_二嗓化 合物,或具有3或更多個氮之同系物。6-員環上有至少一個 取代基,其選自 D、F、Cn(H+F)2n+1、〇Cn(H+F)2n+i、與 〇CF2Y ,最佳為CF3。較佳為α為〇。在a為NR11時,較佳為r1 1务 CH3。 : 圖2所示具有式viii之配位基l衍生自苯基-奎寧化合物。 圖2所示具有式IX或X之配位基l衍生自苯基-異奎寧化合物籲 。R7至R1()基可選自有機化合物之習知取代基,如烷基、貌 氧基、鹵素、硝基、與氰基,及氘。較佳為汉8及/或尺⑺為經 雜原子鍵結〜之具有非鍵結π電子之取代基,最佳為氧。較佳 為R9取代基為烷基,較佳為第三烷基。 * 母體配位基化合物HL通常可藉對應氯化雜環芳基與有機’ 硼酸或有機鎂試劑之標準鈀催化Suzuki或Kumada交叉偶合 製備’例如’如 〇 Lohse、p. Thevenin、E. Waldvogel之 -11- 1306447 發明說明續頁 ⑺
Synlett,1999,45-48所述。對於苯基_異奎寧’此反應描述 於圖4之方程式(1) ’其中r與R,表示取代基。 Z配位基為單陰離子性雙牙配位基。通常這些配位基具有 N、Ο、P、或S作為配位原子,而且在對銥配位時形成5 _或 6-員壞。適合之配位基包括胺基、亞胺基、醯胺基、烷氧 化物、叛酸基、膦基、硫醇基等。這些配位基之適合母體 化合物之實例包括β-二羰基(β_烯醇基配位基),及其N與s同 系物’ fe基缓酸(胺基缓酸基配位基);吼σ定缓酸(亞胺基缓 酸基配位基);柳酸衍生物(柳酸基配位基);羥基奎寧(羥基 奎寧基配位基)與其S同系物;及二芳基膦基烷氧化物(二芳 基膦基烷氧化物配位基)。 β-烯醇基配位基通常具有圖3所示之式XI,其中R13在各 情形為相同或不同。rU基可為氫、齒素、經取代或未取代 院基、芳基、烷芳基、或雜環基。相鄰R!3基可結合形成 與六-員環,其可經取代。較佳之r丨3基選自Η、F、 Cn(H+F)2n + i、_c6H5、-C4H3S、與-C4H30,其中 η為 1 至 12之 整數’較佳為1至6。 適合之β-烯醇基配位基Ζ包括下列化合物。β-烯醇基形式 之簡寫在以下以括號表示。 2,4 -戊二_J同基[a c a c ] 1,3-—苯基 _ 1,3_ 丙二酿j 基[di] 2,2,6,6-四曱基 _3,5-庚二酮基[TMH] - 4,4,4-三1_1_(2-。塞吩基)_1,3_丁二酮基[丁丁?八] 7,7-二曱基 _1,1,1,2,2,3,3-七氟-4,6-辛二酮基[1?〇0] -12- 1306447 _ ⑻ 發明說明績頁 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七氟-2,4-戊二酮基[卩7&(^(:] 1,1,1,5,5,5-六氟 _2,4-戊二酮基[F6acac] 1-未基甲基-4-異丁基。比唾琳基[fmbp] β-二羰基母體化合物HZ通常為商業可得。母體化合物 F7acac,1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七氟-2,4-戊二酮(::173(:(〇)(::1^(::(〇)(::173 ,可基於全氟戊烯-2與氨之反應,繼而水解步驟,使用二 步驟合成製備。此化合物應在無水條件下儲存及反應,因 為其易於水解。 經基奎寧基配位基HZ可經如烷基或烷氧基之基取代,其 可部份或全氟化。通常這些化合物為商業可得。適合之羥 基奎寧基配位基Z之實例包括: 8-羥基奎寧基[8hq]
2-甲基-8-經基奎寧基[Me-8hqJ 10-羥基苯并奎寧基[l〇_hbq;| 母體羥基奎寧化合物通常為商業可得。 膦基烷氧化物配位基HZ通常具有圖3所示之式χπ,其中 R在各情形為相同或不同,而且選自Cn(H+F)2n+i與 C6(H+F)5, R在各情形為相同或不同’而且選自^與cn(H+F)2n + 1, 及 〜 λ為2或3。 適合之膦基烧氧化物配位基之實例列於以下。這些配位_ 基之簡寫示於括號中。 J-(—笨基膦基)-1-氧基丙烧[dpp〇] -13 - 1306447 (9) -- 發明說明續頁 1,1貳(―氟甲基)_2_(二苯基膦基)_乙氧化物[tfmdpe〇] 母體膦基燒醇化合物為商業可得。 ^ I與II之錯合物通常藉由首先形成橋接氯二聚物而由金 屬氯鹽製備。對於噻吩,啶配位基,此反應描述於圖5所 不之方程式(2)。然後藉由在根據二聚物為2當量三氟乙酸銀 AgOCOCF3存在下,無溶劑加入過量配位基母體化合物hl 而形成式I之錯合物。此反應描述於圖5之方程式(3)。式Η 之錯合物係藉由將Ζ配位基之鈉鹽加入橋接氯二聚物而形成 。此反應描述於圖5之方程式(4)。 本發明之金屬錯合物之實例示於以下表丨。在各情 ^ 與δ為零。 y
表1之錯合物中’化合物1-a具有約570奈米,化合物卜匕 有約670奈米之之電發光發射最大值。 -14- (10) 1306447 本發明亦關於包含至少—個置於兩個電接觸層間之光活 性層之電子裝置’纟中裝置之至少―個光活性層包括本發 明之錯合物。如圖6所示,典型裝置i⑽具有陽極層u㈣陰 極層iso,及在陽極11〇與陰極150間之層12〇、13〇及視情: 之M0。層120、130、與140概括地稱為活性層。相鄰:極 為電洞注射/運輸層丨2()。相鄰陰極為包含電子運輸材 選用層140。電洞注射/運輸層12〇與陰極(或選用電子運輸
層)間為光活性層130。層120、13〇、與14〇個別地及概括2 稱為活性層。 視裝置100之應用而定’光活性層13〇可為藉施加電壓活 化之發光層(如發光二極管或發光電化學電池)、一層對應輻 射能量且產生信號(有或無施加偏壓)之材料(如光電偵測管) 。光電债測管之實例包括光電導電池、光敏電阻、光電開 關、光電晶體、與光電f ’及光電伏打電池,這些名詞欷 Markus, John ^ Electronics and Nucleonic Dictionary, 470與 476 (McGraw-Hill,1966)。 本發明之錯合物作為層13〇之光活性材料、或層i4〇之電 子運輸材料特別有用。在用於層13〇時,已發現本發明之錯 口物不需在固態基質稀釋劑中而有效。可使用基於層之總 重量為大矻20重量%金屬錯合物,至多實質上1〇〇重量%金 屬錯合物之層作為發射層。.額外之材料可與金屬錯合物存 在於發射層。例如,可存在螢光染料以改變發射之顏色。’ 亦了力入稀釋劍。較佳為,稀釋劑利於層中之電荷運輸。 稀釋劑可為聚合材料,如聚(N_乙烯基咔唑)與聚矽烷。其 -15- 1306447 (π) 發明說明續頁 亦可為小分子,如4,4’_Ν,Ν,·二。卡。坐聯苯或第三芳族胺。在 使用稀釋劑時,金屬錯合物通常以少量存在,通常基於層 之總重量為少於20重量%,較佳為少於1〇重量%。 -種可用於本發明銥金屬錯合物之稀釋劑型式為共軛聚 合物’其中聚合物之三線激發狀態為比銥錯合物之三線激 發狀態高之能量程度。適合之1麵取人礼 — ^ /、軛+合物之貫例包括聚伸 方基亞乙烯、聚第、聚„号二。坐、聚苯胺、聚口塞吩、聚。比咬
,來伸本基、其共聚物、及其組合。共軛聚合物可為具有 例如丙烯酉夂、甲基丙烯酸、&乙稀基單體單位之非共 軛部份之共聚物。特別有用為苐之均聚物與共聚物及經: 代第。 在某些情形’本發明之金屬錯合物可存在超過—種里構 形式,或可存在不同錯合物之混合物。應了解在以上 之討論中,名詞“金屬錯合物,,意圖包含錯合物及/或 吳構物之混合物。 _ 、此裝置通常亦包括可相鄰陽極或陰極之撐體(未示最常 為丄撐體相鄰陽極。擇體可為撓性或剛性、有機或無機。 k常使用破璃或撓性有機膜作為撐體。陽極1 1阿為注射或 :木正電何載體特別有效之電極。陽極較佳為由含金屬、 :°金屬、〜合金、金屬氧化物、或渡合金屬氧化物之材料 :成。適合之金屬包括第11族金屬、第4、5與6族金屬、及 弟8 1〇知過渡金屬。如果陽極為透光,則通常使用第12、: 介與14族金屬之混合金屬氧化物,如銦錫氧化物。陽極110 '、了包含如聚苯胺之有機材料,如“心祕Η咖‘出邱 "16 - (12) 1306447 發明說明績頁 diodes made fr〇m soluble conducting polymers5^ Nature^ 357卷’第 477~479 頁(1992年 6月 11 日)。 陽極層110通常藉物理蒸氣沉積法或旋鑄法塗佈。名气 “物理蒸氣沉積”指各種真空進行之沉積方式。因此,例如 物理裔氣"L積包括所有之喷鍍形式(包括離子束喷鍍)及所 有之蒸氣沉積形式(如雪上去—&々& 一 — 八(如電子束瘵發與電阻蒸發)。可使用之物 理条氣沉積指定形式為rf磁控管喷鍍。 通常有相鄰陽極之電洞運輸層120。層120之電洞運輸材 料之實例已歸納於,例如,Y. Wang之Kirk_⑽繼Eney’edia of Chemical Technology,第 4版,第以卷,第 837_86〇 頁, 1996包洞運輸分子與聚合物均可使用。除了上述之τ叩 &MPMP’常用之電洞運輸分子為:1,1-武[(二-4-甲苯基胺 基)苯基]環己烧(TAPC) ; Ν,Ν,-武(4-曱基苯基)-Ν,Ν,-武(4- 乙基苯基)-[1,1,-(3,3,_ 二曱基)聯苯基]_4,4,_ 二胺(etpd); 肆甲基笨基)-队队化,:^,-2,5-伸苯二胺(?〇入);〇1-苯基-4-n,n-二笨基胺基苯乙烯(TPS);對_(二乙胺基)苯甲醛二苯基 月井(DEH);三苯胺(TPA) ; ι_苯基_3_[對_(二乙胺基)苯乙烯 基]-5-[對-(一乙胺基)苯基]吡唑啉(ppR^DEASp);丨,2-反_ 貳(9H-咔唑-9-基)環丁烷(DCZB) ; n,n,n,,n,_肆(4_甲基苯 基)-(1’1’-聯苯基)-4,4’-二胺(1^);及卟啉化合物,如酞氰 銅。常用之電洞運輸聚合物為聚乙烯基咔唑、(苯基曱基)聚 矽烷、聚(3,4-乙二氧基噻吩)(]?]£]:>〇丁)、及聚苯胺。亦可藉 由將如上所述之電洞運輸分子摻雜至如聚苯乙烯與聚碳酸 酯之聚合物中,而得到電洞運輸聚合物。 •17- (13) 1306447 發明說明績頁 遥用層140可用以利於雷耳_運給, ^ 走千連輸及作為防止層界面間硬 反應之緩衝層或抗硬化層。較佳為,此層促進電子移動 及減少硬化反應。選用層14〇用電子運輸材料之實例包括 金屬甜合oxinoid化合物,如參(δ_經基奎寧基)銘(α啡 :為主化合物,如2,9 —二甲基_4丨二苯基],i"琳⑽Μ
ΓΑ7_一苯基-1,10-啡娜PA),及対化合物,如2-(4-聯 ^ Μ#第三丁基苯基⑴,4“号二哇(_)與3_(4_聯笨 M'笨基Μ4·第三丁基苯基M,2,4-三嗤(TAZ)。 : ⑸為注射或收集電子或負電荷載體特別有效之電極 :極可為具有比第一電接觸層(在此情形,陽極)低之作業 :數之任何金屬或非金屬。用於第二電接觸層之材料可選
厘族之驗金屬(例如,U、CS)、請(驗土)金屬、第U T金屬、綱系、及㈣。可使用如紹、铜、_、鋇、彭、 與鎂、及其組合。 已知有機電子裝置中罝古甘 _ 具有其他層。例如,在導電性聚合 物層120與活性層π〇之間 1 了句利於正電何運輸及/或層之帶 奸:或作為保 < 層之層(未示)°類似地’活性層130 :陰:層150之間可有利於負電荷運輸及/或層之帶間隙相 :’或作為保護層之額外層(未示)。可使用此技藝已知之層 此,隹何上述層可由二或更多層製成。或者,可將一 部無機陽極層110、I電性聚合物層12〇、活性層130 陰_ 150表面處理’以增加電荷載體運輸效率。用於 ^層之材料之選擇較佳為由平衡提供具有高裝置效率 之效率之目標而決定。 -18- 1306447 (14) r--—-- 明說明績頁 應了解各功能層可由超過一層製成。 备》置可藉由在丨高& # 適S基材上循序蒸氣沉積個別層而製備。 可使用如破璃及$人1 β ,, x S膜之基材。可使用習知蒸氣沉積技術 ’如熱蒸發、/f卜4¾ , 子瘵氣沉積等。或者,可使用任何習知 覆技術由適當溶兩丨夕.卢.六々、4 、田岭Μ之洛液或分散液塗覆有機層。通常不同 之層具有以下之厚度範圍:陽極11〇,5〇〇_5〇〇〇埃 1 0 0 0 - 2 0 〇 〇 埃;雷,,pj、富 μ am a.矢電洞運輸層120 , 50-2500埃,較佳為2〇〇_ =〇〇〇埃;發光層13〇,1〇1_埃較佳為埃;選用 電子運輸層14〇’ 50]_埃,較佳為100-800埃;陰極15〇, 200-1MGG埃,較佳為·_测埃。電子_電洞重組區在裝 ^ 2之位置,因此及裝置之發射光譜,受各層之相對厚度 7y 例如,在使用如Aiq;之發射劑作為電子運輸層時, 電:-電洞重組區可在八丨心層。然後發射則為Α1“而^ :需 之尖銳鑭系發射。因此必須選擇電子運輸層之厚度使得^ 子電洞重組區在發光層。層厚之所需比例視所使用夕 確實本性而定。 應了解以金屬錯合物製造之本發明裝置之效率可藉由將 裝置中其他層最適化而進一步改良。例如,可使用如ca: ^ Mg/Ag、或LiF/Al之更有效陽極。亦可應用造成操作電
壓降低或增_加量子效率之成形基材及新穎電洞運輸材料Y 亦可加入額外層以調整各層之能量程度及利於電發光。 本發明之銥錯合物經常為磷光及光發光且 m ·<扣π再他之 -用。例如,銥之有*金屬錯合物已作為氧敏指示劑、在 生物檢驗作為磷光指示劑、及作為觸媒。戴環金屬化 — 、、’ 錯合1 -19 - (15)1306447 發明說明續頁 物可用 合物。 以合成其中第三配位基為相同或不同之環金屬化錯 實侈 以下之實例描述本發明之特定特點及優點。其意圖為本 發明之描述而非限制。所有之百分比為莫耳百分比,除非 另有指示。 實例1 此只例描述母體配位基化合物(HL),2_(2_n塞吩基)_5·(三 氟曱基)。比咬之製備。 在乂下將2-噻吩基硼酸(Lancaster Synthesis,Inc•,丨〇〇克 7.81¾ 莫耳)、2 -氣.-5-三氟1 甲基。比咬(Aldrich Chemical 公 司’1417克,7.81毫莫耳)、肆三苯膦鈀(〇)(八1€1]^11,451毫 克 〇_391毫吴耳)、碳酸斜(£;]\/[8。丨61^6,3.24克,23.4莫 耳)、水(20毫升)、及二曱氧基乙烷(Aldrich,20毫升)在留 流攪拌20小時’然後將混合物冷卻至室溫且分離有機與水 層。以3 X 5 0毫升二乙醚萃取水層,及組合有機部份以硫酸 鈉乾燥,過濾,而且將濾液蒸發至乾。粗產物以CH2C12/己 烧(1:1)作為溶離劑藉矽膠急驟層析術純化(產物Rf=0.5),而 提供所需產物如白色結晶固體(產量=5.2克,隔離產率73%) 。NMR〜(CDC13, 296 K,300 MHz): 6 = 7.73-7.57 (2H,m), 7·55 (1H, d, 7=8.5 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, 7=4.8 Hz), 6.88 (1H, d,. /=4.8 Hz) ppm。19F NMR (CDCh,296K,282 MHz) δ = -62·78- ppm。 -20- (16) 1306447 發明說明嫌頁 此貫例描述中間物二氯橋接二聚物[IrC1{2_(2_噻吩基)_5_ (三氟甲基)°比啶}2]2之製備。 在氣下將得自實例1之2_(2_噻吩基)_5_(三氟曱基)〇比啶 (5 55毫克’2.42毫莫耳)、三氣化銥(8如〇1(:1^111丨(^13,401 宅克 I」〗毛莫耳)、2 -乙氧基乙醇(Aldrich Chemical公司, 1 〇毫升)、及水(1毫升)回流丨5小時,然後將反應冷卻至室溫 。藉過濾收集生成之沉澱產物,以己烷清洗,及真空乾燥 ’而k供575耄克(37%)產物如紅-橙色固體。1h NMR (CDC13, 296 K, 300 MHz): δ = 9.30 (4Η, d, /=1.5 Hz), 7.80 (4H, dd, J=2.〇 Hz^8.5 Hz), 7.59 (4H, d, 7=8.5 Hz), 7.21 (8H, d, J-4.8 Hz), 5.81 (d, 4H, J=4.9 Hz) 0 19F NMR (CDC13, 296K, 282 MHz) δ = -62·07 ppm。 實例3 此實例描述表1之化合物丨-a,參環金屬化銥錯合物[Ir{2_ (2-噻吩基)-5-(三氟甲基)π比啶}3]之製備。 在氮下在170-180°C組合得自實例2之[IrCl{2-(2-噻吩基)-5_(三l曱基)。比啶}2]2 (1〇〇毫克,〇.〇73毫莫耳)、得自實例1 之2-(2-噻吩基)-5-(三氟曱基)吡啶(2〇1毫克,〇·88毫莫耳)、 及二氟乙酸銀(Aldrich,40毫克,018毫莫耳)及攪拌1〇分鐘 。然後使瀑合物冷卻至室溫且將其再溶於最少量之二氣曱 烷。以二氣曱烷/己烷(丨:丨)作為溶離溶劑使溶液通過矽膠管 柱。收集自管柱流出之第一紅-橙色部份(產物Rf=〇 5)且蒸 發至乾。將殘渣懸浮在己烷中,及將沉澱產物過濾且以過 量己烷清洗而去除任何殘餘2-(2-噻吩基)-5-(三氟曱基)。比啶 1306447 _ (17) 發明說明績頁 ,而提供產物如紅-燈色固體。隔離產率=50毫克(39%)。!Η NMR (CDC13, 296 K, 300 MHz): 5 = 7.73-7.57 (6H, m), 7.55 (3H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.34 (3H, d, /=4.8 Hz), 6.88 (3H, d, 7=4.8 Hz)。19F NMR (CDC13, 296K,282 MHz) δ = -62·78。 使用類似步驟製造表1之化合物1-b至1-f。 實例4 此實例描述配位基母體化合物1-(4-第三丁基苯基)異奎寧 之製備。 。 在A下將4-第三丁基苯基硼酸(Aldrich Chemical公司, 5.00克’ 30.56毫莫耳)、1-氯異奎寧(Aldrich Chemical公司 ,5.44克,30_56毫莫耳)、肆三苯膦鈀(〇)(Aldrich,800毫克 ,0.69毫莫耳)、碳酸鉀(EM Science,12.5克,23.4莫耳)、 水(50毫升)、及二甲氧基乙烷(Aldrich,75毫升)在回流攪拌 20小時,然後將混合物冷卻至室溫且分離有機與水層。从 3 x 7 5愛升二乙醚萃取水層,及組合有機部份以硫酸納乾燥 ’過濾’而且將濾液蒸發至乾。粗材料在石夕膠管柱上層析 ,首先以4:1己烷/二氯曱烷溶離觸媒副產物,最後以二氣甲 烷/MeOH (9.5:0.5,產物Rf=0.7)溶離產物。收集純產物部份 且真空乾燥’而提供4.5克(隔離產率56%)之淺黃色固體, NMR光譜測定為>95°/。純。1H NMR (CDC13,296 K,3〇〇 MHz): δ = 8.58 (1Η, d, J=5.70 Hz), 8.15 (1H, d, 7=8.5 Hz), 7·83 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz),7.5_7.7 (7H, m),i 38 (9H,s) ppm。 實例5 此實例描述二氣橋接二聚物第三丁基苯基)異奎 -22- 1306447 _一 (18) 發明說明績頁 寧} 2]2之製備。 將得自實例4之1-(4-第三丁基苯基)異奎寧(1.〇〇克,3.82 毫莫耳)、IrCl3(H20)3 (Strem Chemicals,633 毫克,1.79 毫 吳耳)、及2 -乙氧基乙醇(Aldrich Chemical公司,40毫升)在 回流攪拌1 5小時,然後將混合物倒入等體積水中。藉過濾 隔離生成之燈色沉澱藉過,以水清洗,及真空乾燥。然後 將固體再溶於二氣曱烷且通過矽膠墊。將紅色溶離二氣甲 烧溶液蒸發至乾’及將生成固體懸浮於己烷中。藉過濾隔 離固體而提供650毫克(49%)之紅-橙色固體,NMR光譜測定 為 >95%純。nMR (CD2C12, 296 K,300 ΜΗζ): δ=9·37 (4Η, d, J=6.5 Hz), 8.95 (4H, d, /=8.2 Hz), 8.07 (4H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.90 (4H, dd, 7=1.4^8.2 Hz), 7.7-7.9 (8H, m), 6.94 (4H,dd, >2.0及 8.4 Hz),6.86 (4H,d,>6.4 Hz),5.92 (4H, d,/=2.0 Hz),O.w (36H,s) ppm。 此實例描述表1之化合物H ,貳環金屬化銥錯合勒 [Ir(acac){ 1_(4_第三丁基苯基)異奎寧h]之製備。 仟自只例5之第三丁基苯基)異奎寧(2⑽毫 克〇.135毫莫耳)、乙醯醋酮酸鈉(Aldrich , 80毫克,0.65 < =j耳)、、及2-乙氧基乙醇(Aldrich,5毫升)在12〇。〇攪拌ι( 刀1里’然、後真空移除揮發性成分。將殘渣再溶;^二氯甲貌 CI^Cl2作為溶離溶劑通過燒結玻璃漏斗上之矽膠墊。 將紅色發光濾液蒸發至乾而提供19〇隔離1 所需產物 ’1H 聰為〉95% 純 elHNMR(cDci3,296 = -23- 1306447 (19) 發明說明縝頁 300 MHz): δ = 8.94 (2H,dd, J=2.1 及 8_2 Hz), 8_49 (2H, d, J=6.4Hz),8.11(2H,d,J=8.50Hz),7.98(2H,d,J=3.9&9.6
Hz), 7.6-7.8 (4H, m), 7.55 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 6.99 (2H, d, J=2.1 及 8.5 Hz), 6.21 (2H,d,J=2.0 Hz), 5·35 (1H,s),1-84 (6H,s),0.95 (18H,s) ppm。 使用類似步驟製造表1之化合物1_@至1_丨及」_1^至1_1。 實例7_ 此貫例描述配位基母體化合物(全氘苯基)異奎寧之製備a 全Til -本..周酸一甲輯.在氮下將n-BuLi (A丨drich,1 ·6 Μ於 己烧,38.6毫升)經2分鐘緩慢地加入溴苯_d5 (Aldrich Chemical公司,1〇·〇克,61.7毫莫耳)於無水二乙醚(5〇毫升) 之-7 8 C溶液。將授拌混合物加溫至室溫2小時,然後在氮 下轉移至另一個含棚酸三曱酯(Aldrich,50毫升,494毫莫 耳)與無水二乙醚(200毫升)之-78 °C攪拌溶液之燒瓶。將生 成混合物加溫至室溫且攪拌1 5小時’然後加入冰冷2 μ HC1 (5 0毫升)以將反應混合物驟冷。分離有機相,以硫酸鈉乾燥 ,過濾’及蒸發至乾,而提供4_9克(產率52%)之所需產物 如白色固體。NMR (CDC13, 296 Κ,300 ΜΗζ) δ 3.73 (br s) ppm ° 苯基)異奎寧:在氮下組合1-氯異奎寧(Aldrich Chemical公司,5.00克,30_6毫莫耳)、得自以上合成之全 鼠本石朋酸二曱I旨(4.87克,3 1.4宅.莫耳)、碳酸奸(EM Science· ’ 8.4克,61·2莫耳)、肆三苯膦鈀(0)(Aldrich,707毫克, 0.61 1毫莫耳)、二曱氧基乙烷(Aldrich,100毫升)、及水 •24- 1306447 (20) 發明說明績頁 (1 0 0宅升),而且使混合物回流1 5小時。然後分離有機層, 及水層以3 χ50毫升二乙醚萃取。組合有機成分以硫酸鈉乾 燥’過濾,及蒸發至乾。生成粗產物藉矽膠層析術純化。 首先以4:1二氣曱烷/己烷溶離膦觸媒,然後以1〇〇0/。二氣甲 烧然後二氯甲烧/甲醇(95 :5 ’產物Rf=0 · 6)溶離所需產物。組 合產物部份且蒸發至乾,而提供4·5克(7〇%)所需產物如白 色固體。1H NMR (CDC13, 296 Κ,300 ΜΗζ): δ = 8.60 (1Η, d, /=5.7 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, 7=8.4 H^), 7.67 (2H, m),7·53 (1H,m) ppm。 實例8 此實例描述二氯橋接二聚物[IrCl{i-(全氘苯基)_異奎寧}2]2 之製備。 在氣下將得自實例7之1-(全氘苯基)異奎寧(3.00克,14.3 毫莫耳)、IrCl3(H2〇)3 (Strem Chemicals, Inc.,2.42 克,6·80 宅莫耳)、2-乙氧基乙醇(Aldrich Chemical公司,45毫升)、 及水(5毫升)在回流攪拌丨5小時,然後經過濾隔離生成之沉 殿產物。其然後以過量甲醇、然後二乙醚清洗,最後真空 乾燥’而提供所需產物如紅-橙色固體。產率=2.12克(48%)。 實例9 此實例描述表1之化合物丨,貳環金屬化銥錯合物 Ir(acac){l-(全氘苯基)異奎寧丨2之製備。 得自實例8之[IrCl{ 1-(全氘笨基)_異奎寧}2]2 (3〇〇毫克,. 0.232¾莫耳)、乙醒醋酮鈉鹽(Aldrich Chemical公司,71毫 克,0.581¾莫耳)、及2-乙氧基.乙醇(Aldrich,15毫升)在 -25- (21) 1306447 發明說明續頁 12〇°C攪拌45分鐘,然後真空移除揮發性成分。將生成殘渣 溶於二氯甲烷且以二氯甲烷作為溶離溶劑通過矽膠墊。收 集第一紅色部份(RfM.O)且蒸發至乾,而提供所需產物如 紅-橙色固體。產率=230 (70%)。iH NMR (CDCl3, 296 κ, 300 MHz) δ = 8_99 (1Η,m),8_45 (1Η,d,J=6_4 Ηζ),7.98 (1Η, m), 7.75 (2H, m)j 7.55 (1H, d, /=6.3 Hz), 5.29 (1H, s), !.79 (6H,s) ppm。由於在環金屬化反應發生之少量h/d交換所造 成而觀察到之額外信號:8.24 (〇.5H,m),6 96 (〇 2〇h,次 /=9.8 Hz) 〇 5 實例10 此實例描述使用本發明之銥錯合物形成〇LEDs。 藉熱蒸發技術製造包括電洞運輸層(HT層)、電發光層(EL 層)、及至少一個電子運輸層(ET層)之薄膜〇led裝置。使 用具油擴散泵之Edward Auto 306蒸發器。用於所有薄膜远 積之基本真'空為1〇·6托耳之範圍。沉積槽可沉積五種不同之 膜而無需中斷真空。 使用具有約1 000-2000埃之ΐτο厚度之塗銦錫氧化物(IT〇) 玻璃基材。基材首先藉由以1NHC1溶液蝕刻不欲之汀〇區域 而圖樣化,以形成第一電極圖樣。使用聚醯亞胺帶作為光 罩。然後4水性清潔液中超音波清潔圖樣化IT〇基材。基材 然後以洛館水繼而異丙醇清洗,然後在曱苯蒸氣中去脂 小k 或者’使用得自Thin Film Devices, Inc.之圖樣化it〇 。运些1丁〇、係以塗覆^㈧埃〗^塗層2C〇rning m7玻璃為 主’其具有30歐姆/平方之片電阻及8〇〇/。之透光度。 -26- 1306447 發明說明績頁 (22) 然後將已清潔、圖樣化ITO基材裝入真空槽中且將槽下泵 至1(Τ6托耳。然後使用氧電漿將基材進一步清潔5-10分鐘。 在清潔後,然後藉熱蒸發將多層薄膜循序沉積在基材上。 最後經光罩沉積Α1之圖樣化金屬電極。在沉積時使用石英 結晶監視器(Sycon STC-200)測量膜厚。實例中報告之所有 膜厚為假設沉積材料之密度為一而計算之公稱值。然後自 真空槽取出完成之OLED裝置且立即特徵化而不封包。
裝置層及厚度之結論示於表2。在所有之情形,陽極為 ITO,如以上所討論,及陰極為具有700-760埃範圍之厚度 之A1 〇 表2 樣品 HT層厚度, EL層厚度, ET層厚度, 陰極厚度, 埃 埃 埃 埃 1 MPMP 化合物1-a DPA A1 504 411 418 737 2 MPMP 化合物1-i DPA A1 513 420 412 737 3 MPMP 化合物1-j DPA A1 513 414 400 721 4 MPMP 化合物1-k DPA A1 530 407 407 732 5 MPMP 化合物1-1 DPA A1 533 411 414 727 6 MPMP 化合物1-f DPA A1 -563 305 408 725 7 MPMP 化合物1-h DPA A1 538 409 418 734 8 MPMP 化合物1-c DPA A1 526 428 402 728 9 MPMP 化合物1-m DPA A1 530 404 415 725 -27- 1306447 _ (23) 發明說明續頁 DPA = 4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉 ET=電子運輸 EL=電發光 HT=電洞運輸 MPMP=貳[4-(N,N-二乙胺基)-2-曱基苯基](4-甲基苯基) 甲烷 O L E D樣品係猎由測置其(1)電流-電壓(I - V)曲線’(2)電發 光輻射相對電壓,及(3)電發光光譜相對電壓而特徵化。使 用之裝置200示於圖7。OLED樣品220之I-V曲線係以 Keithley Source-Measurement Unit 237 型 280 測量。以 Minolta LS-1 1 0發光計測量電發光輻射(單位為Cd/平方公分) vs.電壓,而使用Keithley SMU掃描電壓。電發光光譜係藉 由使用一對鏡片230將光經電子光栅240散佈於光譜儀250而 收集光,然後以二極管陣列偵測器260測量而得到。同時實 行所有三種測量且以電腦270控制。在特定電壓之裝置效率 係藉由將LED之電發光輻射除以裝置運行所需之電流密度 而決定。單位為Cd/A。 結果示於以下表3。 表3 .銥化合物之雷發来性皙 樣品- 峰輻射,Cd/m2 峰效率,Cd/A 蜂大約波長,nm 1 200 Cd/m2於25 V 1.5 570 2 100 Cd/m2於22 V 0.65 620 3 200於22 V 1.2 625 4 1 於 21 V 0.04 >670 5 400於22 V 1.6 605及640 6 5於20 V 0.3 585 7 7於23 V 0.06 620 -28- 1306447 (24) 發明說明績頁 8 2.5於23 V 0.3 625 9 350於19V 0.6 ---- 625 實例11 此實例描述在聚(第)聚合物基質中使用本發明之紅色發光 材料作為摻雜劑而形成OLED’s。使用生成摻合物作為 OLED之活性紅色發射層。如實例6所述製備銥錯合物 [Ir(acaC){l-(4-第三丁基苯基)異奎寧Μ,表1之化合物㈠。 如 Yamamoto 之 Progress in Polymer Science,第 17 卷,第 1153頁(1992)所述而製備聚苐聚合物,其中將單聚單位之三 鹵(較佳為二溴)衍生物與化學計量之零價鎳化合物(如貳 (1,5-環辛二烯)鎳乃反應。 此OLED實例中之有機膜成分均 一八此亂J丁 下:如實例10所述將ΙΊΓ〇/玻璃基材(Applied Films)圖樣^ (裝置有效面積=全部3平方公分)及清潔。基材然後藉由還 於J00瓦電漿烤箱中15分鐘而進一步清潔。將聚(乙二氧遵 售吩)-聚(笨乙烯績酸)(PED0T_PSSA,Bayer公司)緩衝層(坪 ,電洞運輸/注射層)旋塗至90奈米之厚度。膜在200ta加勃 板上乾燥3分鐘。然後將基材轉移至充填氮手套箱,此時將 聚Γ弗)聚合物溶液、[Ir(acac){1♦第三丁基苯基)異奎寧卜 (1·:微莫耳〜)、與無水甲苯(7·5毫升)旋塗至基材上至7〇;二. :厗度。然後將基材轉移至高真空槽,在以2 0xl0_6托耳熱 Γ積?(3·5奈米)繼而Ai (4⑽奈米)。然後使用UV-可硬化環 r μ /破.璃片膠合在陰極頂部而使生成〇LED裝置為氣密。 率:置稭由獲得電流電壓、發光-電壓、發光-電流、效 ϋ效率·電流外形而完全特徵化。其係使用電腦驅 -29· 1306447 - (25) I發明說明績頁 動(Labview軟體)Keithley Source-Measurement Unit及光電 二極管完成,後者整合在全部3平方公分裝置有效面積之光 輸出。 -30-
Claims (1)
- I3064497i 32776號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(97年9月) 修- 冬 Η @ ' 拾、申請專利範圍 1.一種具有選自式I與式II之電發光銥化合物, IrL3 (I) IrL2Z (II) 其中: Z為2,4-戊二酮基;及 L選自式III及式IX,(IX ) 其中: 在式III中: R3、R4 及 R6 為 D ; R5為CF3 ;及 A為S ; 在式IX中: R7、R8及 R10 為 D ;及 R9為D或第三丁基。 2. —種活性層,其包含至少一種如申請專利範圍第1項之 電發光銥化合物,其中活性層含少於2 0重量%之該至少 81719-970926.doc 1306447 申諝專利範圍縯頁 一種化合物,且存在稀釋劑。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之活性層,其中至少一種具 選自式I與式II之式之化合物係選自Ir{2_(2·噻吩基)_&三 氣甲基)吼咬}3,ir(acac){1_(4·第三丁基苯基)異奎寧 (isoqumoline))2,&Ir(acac){1_(全氘苯基)異奎寧。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之活性層,其中稀釋劑選自取 (队乙烯基味唑);聚石夕烷;4,4,_咖_二味唾聯苯;與; 三芳族胺。 、 5. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之活性層,其中稀釋劑為共輟 :合物’其選自聚伸芳基亞乙烯、聚苐、㈣二唑、聚 苯胺、聚嗟吩、聚吼咬、聚伸苯基、其共聚4勿、及其組 合。 ' 6. 種有機電子裝置,其包含根據申請專利範圍第2項之 性層,纟中活性層包含在57〇至7〇〇奈米範圍具有發光 最大值之發光材料。 7. 根據申請專利範圍第6項之裝置,其進一步包含電洞運 輸層,其選自N,N,-二苯基_队^_雙(3_甲基苯*Hi,r_ 聯苯基]-4,4,-二胺;U4[〇4_甲苯基胺基)苯基’]環 己烷,N,N _雙(4-甲基苯基)_N,N,_雙(4_乙基苯基hu,_ (3,3’_二甲基)聯苯基]<4,-二胺;肆-(3-甲基苯基)_ N’N’N ’N -2,5-伸苯二胺;α_苯基_4_n,n_二苯基胺基苯 乙稀,對_( 一乙胺基)笨甲醛二苯基胖;三苯胺;雙[4 _ (N,N_二乙胺基)-2_甲基苯基](4-甲基苯基)甲烷;1-苯基-3·[對-(二乙胺基)苯乙烯基]_5_[對_(二乙胺基)苯基]π比唑 8I719-970926.doc 1306447 申請專利範闺縝頁 啉;丨,2_反-雙(9H_°卡唑基)環丁烷;N,N,N,,n、 甲基笨基)_(1,1’_聯苯基)_4,4’_二胺;外琳化 ' 組合。 切’及其 其更包含電子運輪 •根據申請專利範圍第6項之裝置 層’其選自 參(8-羥基奎寧基)鋁;2,9_二甲基_4,7_二苯基4,ι〇·啡 啉,4,7-二苯基_ι,10_啡啉;2_(4_聯苯基)_5_(4_第三丁 苯基)-1,3,4-哼二唑;3_(4_聯苯基)_4_苯基_5_(4_第三^ 苯基)-1,2,4-三唑;及其組合。 土 9·根據申請專利範圍第6項之裝置,其中至少—種具有琴 自式I與式II之式之化合物係選自Ir{2_(2_嘍吩基 ^ 田曾、 / V 鼠 土)吡啶h,Ir(acac){l-(4_第三丁基苯基)異奎办 (1S〇quinoline)h,及 Ir(acac){l-(全氘苯基)異奎寧丨2。 丁 1 〇.根據申請專利範圍第6項之裝置,其中稀釋劑選自聚(n 乙稀基咔唑);聚矽烷;4,4,-N,N,-二咔唑聯苯;與 芳族胺。 1 1 ·根據申請專利範圍第6項之裝置’其中稀釋劑為共軛聚 合物’其選自聚伸芳基亞乙烯、聚第、聚啐二唑、聚苯 胺、聚噻吩、聚吡啶、聚伸苯基、其共聚物、及其組 合。 81719-970926.doc
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US20090162694A9 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
WO2003040256A3 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
TW200300128A (en) | 2003-05-16 |
JP4971034B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
US20030096138A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
EP1442094B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
KR20110032008A (ko) | 2011-03-29 |
JP2005508437A (ja) | 2005-03-31 |
KR20110112454A (ko) | 2011-10-12 |
ATE515550T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
EP1442094A2 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
JP2007270155A (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
EP2325279A3 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
KR20050043757A (ko) | 2005-05-11 |
KR101106874B1 (ko) | 2012-01-25 |
CN1705730A (zh) | 2005-12-07 |
KR20100066592A (ko) | 2010-06-17 |
EP2034000B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
JP3981079B2 (ja) | 2007-09-26 |
CA2466143A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
EP2034000A3 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
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