TWI297750B - An improved blind rivet - Google Patents

An improved blind rivet Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI297750B
TWI297750B TW092112596A TW92112596A TWI297750B TW I297750 B TWI297750 B TW I297750B TW 092112596 A TW092112596 A TW 092112596A TW 92112596 A TW92112596 A TW 92112596A TW I297750 B TWI297750 B TW I297750B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
rivet
head
mandrel
hole
outer diameter
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TW092112596A
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English (en)
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TW200401082A (en
Inventor
Victor Jones Steven
Morris Stephen
Hughes James
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Newfrey Llc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/10Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets fastened by expanding mechanically
    • F16B19/1027Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/1036Blind rivets
    • F16B19/1045Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like
    • F16B19/1054Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like the pull-mandrel or the like being frangible
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49915Overedge assembling of seated part
    • Y10T29/4992Overedge assembling of seated part by flaring inserted cup or tube end
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/49943Riveting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956Riveting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Description

1297750 玖、發明說明: 發明所屬之技術領域 本發明是關於一種·^針,一烊細說{一種斷頭式盲柳釘 ,其中於安裝(鉚接)後,―心軸頭彈_釘本體。 先前技術 ^知盲鉚n包括-外管殼或本f4…端具卜擴大的法 蘭’内邵結合一心軸,&心軸包括一圓柱柄,同軸地貫穿 管狀鉚釘本體,柄部—端具有一徑向擴大的頭部,用以銜 接鉚釘本體遠離擴大法蘭的一端面(尾端)。接著,盲鉚釘穿 過工件上的預製孔,直到法蘭與孔的邊緣銜接(承靠)在一起 ’且在安裝操作中保持銜接狀態。在安裝期間,抽拉心轴 柄,使配置在工件内側(盲側)之鉚釘的另一端朝法蘭壓縮, 且心軸頭朝法蘭反方向移動’因&,鉚釘本體的變形部利 用法蘭夾住工件。 此種盲鉚釘有兩種主要型式。—斷柄式盲鉚釘,使用心 軸頭插入鉚釘本體的尾端,推擠並貫穿鉚釘本體,直到心 軸頭因擴張的鉚釘本體與工件盲側咬合產生阻力,藉由作 用在心軸柄上持續增加的負冑,使該柄在其脆弱區斷裂, 因此心軸頭留在鉚釘本體内,在工件的盲侧形成鉚釘本體 的擴張部或凸起。如此’使工件夾壓在擴張區及法蘭之間。 另-種型式是-種斷頭式盲鉚釘,在安裝後藉由射:心 軸頭完成。在此種型式的盲鉚針中,心軸頭在心轴柄血心 軸頭之間具有一不連續的斷面,形成一肩部,銜接在盲鋼 釘的尾端,並對該盲鉚釘施加一大致的軸向力,相對=件
85263.DOC 1297750 盲側擠壓及變形鉚釘的尾端,形成一平坦的凸起,並藉由 、’Μτ另-端的法蘭夾壓住工件。此處,柄部的脆弱區斷裂 ,既然心軸頭未拉入鉚釘本體,當柄部斷裂時,藉由變形 的鉚釘本體與該心軸頭之間的強大作用力將頭部彈出。/ 然而,在兩種習知的盲鉚釘中,盲鉚釘的一擴大(擴張) 區皆會留在工件的盲側,形成—凸起,限制了工件盲側的 續裝作業。在製造小的廚櫃時(如應用在電腦工業),使用此 種頁鉚釘尤其受到影響,盲鉚釘在内部(内側)的凸起,會與 此類廚櫃内部的組件發生干涉。 Q此,本發明之目的是提供一種改良式盲鉚釘,可 上述問題。 … 發明内容 ^根據本發明,提供一種盲鉚釘,包括一軸向延伸的中空 管狀本體,在其一端具有一尾端面,纟另一端預先形成一 徑向擴大的法蘭,匈Ρ釘進一步包括一心軸,具有一柄部, 同軸地貫穿管狀本體,且具有一擴大頭部,承靠在該本體 的尾端,此頭邵具有一外徑,比本體的内徑大,其中心軸 在琢頭部與柄部之間延伸有一均勻的錐狀肩部,柄部進一 步提供一脆弱區,銜接此錐狀肩部。最好,此錐面相對心 軸傾斜91至11〇度,通常介於98至1〇2度。理想上,此角度為 1 〇〇度。當該心軸頭拉入該本體後,根據此角度,使用此一 錐面所形成之一錐狀肩部可傳遞一力量;該力具有—軸向 分力,用以擠壓本體,且具有一軸向傾斜分力,用以使鉚 釘本體的尾端向外產生錐狀變形。
85263.DOC 1297750 。軸’員的直&最好比管狀鉚針本體的外徑大4%至。因 此二鉚釘欲貫穿的工件預製孔,該孔徑必須大於最大頭部 直仏JL孔;L通常比本體直徑大i 〇%。然而,根據頭部直徑 ,孔徑的範圍可比本體直徑大9%至15%。 再者,心軸頭具有一外側柱狀直徑(通常與鉚釘本體共軸) ’其軸長至:> 1 mm ’其目的是避免在安裝操作期間,心轴 頭會包圍在錐狀變形的本體内,I進—步防止在大的負載 作用下,頭部會扭曲(或”爲狀化,,)。 最好,鉚釘本體的軸長比該鉚釘的夾住厚度長乃%至 ,夾住厚度定義為利用鉚釘結合在一起之工件的組合厚度 ’亦即鉚”夾住的厚度。此預定之鉚釘本體長度確保具 有足夠的鉚釘本體材料,用以形成一適當的鉚釘結合且流 入工件上的預製孔,鉚接後,不會有過多的鉚釘本體材料 突出在連接工件的盲側。 再者,根據本發明,亦提供一種使用盲鉚釘固定至少兩 工件之方法,該方法之步騾包括選擇一軸向延伸的盲鉚釘 ,具有一本體,該本體長度比欲結合之至少兩工件之組合 厚度長25%至55%,本體亦具有一已知的外徑,接著,在工 件上貫穿一預製孔,該孔的直徑比鉚釘本體的直徑大9%至 15%,且盲鉚釘隨即插入並貫穿該孔;接著,該方法提供一 步驟,使用一具有錐狀肩部的心軸頭,對該鉚釘本體施加 一軸向的鉚接力,其中該鉚接力具有一第一軸向分力,沿 輛向施力用以擠壓鉚釘本體進入孔内,及第二環狀分力, 相對該軸用以錐狀地朝外變形該鉚釘本體。再者,孔成形
85263.DOC I297750 步驟最好包括在孔的盲侧提供一皿錐區,使得鉚釘 錐狀變形填入該孔的皿錐區,不會湧出且突出在 二 如 J目 最好,該方法包括根據本發明及上述方法選擇及插入— 百鉚釘。 以下,參考附圖,經由範例描述本發明之較佳實施例。 實施方式 參考圖1,顯示盲鉚釘組合10插入(但尚未鉚接)且延伸在 兩工件14及16的預製孔12中。鉚釘組合1〇包括一中空管狀 鉚釘本體18,具有一擴大的皿錐法蘭2〇,此皿錐頭沿著鉚
釘本體的軸A向内縮減,用以收納在該孔丨2的預製班錐區 (沉頭孔)44内。 W 鉚釘本體1 8的尾端22(與法蘭20軸向地相對),具有一大致 平的端面,垂直鉚釘軸A。鉚釘本體長L,選用時比兩工件 14及16的組合深度D長25%至55%。深度D—般稱做一盲鉚釘 的咬合厚度,即鉚釘所咬合之材料的厚度。在本發明實施 例中,深度L比深度D長30%。如同習知盲鉚釘,組合⑺進 一步提供一心軸3〇,包括一柱狀心軸柄,在其盲端具有一 擴大頭部34 ,與鉚釘本體1 8的尾端22承靠在一起。心軸柄 32沿著軸長方向具有大致均勻的斷面積,且其直徑大致等 於管狀鉚釘本體1 8的内徑,以便形成一摩擦配合。 心軸頭34具有一最大外徑,由繞著軸a的同軸圓柱壁刊構 成,其軸向長度至少1 mm。心軸頭必須具備此最短軸長, 用以提供頭部適當的強度,藉以減緩心軸頭在鉚釘安裝期
85263.DOC -9- 1297750 間(尤其當頭部周園與鉚釘本體咬合以產生變形效應,如下 所述)’施以大應力下所產生的扭曲,或"壓扁,,。 此壁36的直徑比鉚釘本體的最大外徑大至少4%,但不超 過 9%。 口
心軸頭的肩部38,延伸在外壁36及心軸柄之間,軸向傾 斜形成一大致均勻的錐面,雖然錐角傾斜度可介於91至11〇 度的範圍内,用以保持在可接受的操作參數内,其相對軸A 的較佳傾斜角為100度。此角度範圍已預先決定,使鉚釘在 安裝時能產生所需的變形。 心軸頭的另一端亦提供一環繞A軸的錐面,作為組合的 對齊機構,當心軸插入時,傾斜面協助組合對齊孔Μ。 心軸頭直徑必須比鉚釘本體的外徑大至少4%以上,藉以 緩和此頭邵在安裝操作期間插入本體的深度,可防止安裝 後心、#彈出。然而,此直徑不得超過鉚釘本體外徑9%以上 ’否則工件上的預製孔必須加大,藉以允許鉚釘穿過,如 此曰迨成鉚釘播法塞滿此孔(可能產生鬆脫的鉚接),或使得 孔徑接近法蘭的直徑,增加鉚接失敗的機率。 再者,心軸柄32提供一脆弱區42,直接鄰接該錐面W。 如同習知盲鉚釘,此脆弱區42在柄部上形成一窄部,削去 柄部直徑以提供四個平面,直接鄰接頭部,形成一大致正 方形的斷面;較心軸柄痩且脆弱。另一方面,可在徑向產 生«的壓痕(凹口)或環繞溝槽用以形成脆弱區。此處的重 點是’此脆弱區直接鄰接該心軸頭。 既然心軸頭34其直徑大於鉚釘本體18,強調的是,預製
85263.DOC -10- 1297750 孔12的直徑至少等於最大心軸頭直徑, a 、吊比本體备木 直徑大10%(既然頭部最大直徑比本體最孩 _ 人直後大9%以内、 。然而,依據心軸頭對鉚釘本體的正確直徑比, ; 最大本體直徑大9%至15〇/❻。通常使用本發明鉚釘之盲鉚遠 系統可匹配以目前標準鑽頭尺寸所製作的標準孔秤K卩釘 鉚釘本體直徑比孔徑大10%),雖然可製作不同的鉚釘尺寸 ,但須搭配特製的孔成型工具(鑽頭),以適用此種鉚釘直秤' 再者,預製孔12上設有一皿錐區44,用以容納鉚釘^體 的皿錐法蘭20,在工件的盲側區21(亦即, 把 v J 1 女装工具的内側 或另一侧),於該孔周圍亦設有一皿錐區46。 一旦將鉚釘組合10貫穿該預製孔12後,可利用習知鉚接 工具(未顯示)進行鉚接,此種工具包括一鼻部,可迫使鉚釘 本體法蘭(或頭部)20與工件16密實接合,且具有一可置換的 鉗口機構,用以夾柱心軸柄32並且沿著圖i箭頭?方向施以 一鉚接力F。 鉚接力F拔拉心軸頭,使頭部與鉚釘本體之尾端部22的平 面咬合,由於頭部的錐狀肩部38,施加的鉚接力具有一沿 軸向的第一分力’迫使鉚釘本體18朝鉚釘法蘭22擠壓,鉚 釘本體受擠壓(縮短長度)產生徑向擴張,以便塞滿擴孔12 (由於心軸柄貫穿本體1 8,此徑向擴張向外)。錐狀肩部3 8 亦提供垂直该肩部3 8之錐面的第二分力,迫使鉚釘本體的 尾端22朝外做徑向及錐向變形。由於壁3 6的軸長沒有環繞 整個心軸頭34,使得心軸頭34不會進入縮短的鉚釘本體内 。此外,鉚釘1 8尾端22的一些材料局部地沿軸向位移到鉚 85263.DOC -11 - 1297750 釘頭20,且鉚釘本體在尾端區剩餘的材料形成一相當薄的 錐狀外壁(圖2)’填充在孔12的皿錐區46,不會突出在固定 工件的外側。因此,結合心軸的錐狀肩部38及皿錐區46, 提供本體尾端的錐狀伸展。 繼續沿著F方向軸向地移動心軸,抵達工件丨4時,心軸頭 34會遭遇一持續增加的阻力,阻止心軸頭進一步移動。在 一習知方法中,持續施加鉚接力F,會使作用在心軸柄上的 應力增加’導致心轴柄3 2在脆弱區4 2處斷裂。鉚釘頭3 4及 鉚釘本體1 8之間的作用反作用力會使鉚釘頭34彈出。 盲鉚釘之鉚接結果如圖2所示,具有一沿軸向壓縮的長度 L2,大致等於咬合厚度d,因此,沿著軸向位移的鉚釘本體 材料已經擠入擴孔18,用以提供一鉚針本體在此區具有一 增加的本體厚度18,,且在預製孔12的皿錐區46内形成一錐 狀、杯型尾端22’。經由此方法,形成一大致剛性的鉚接, 不會突出工件14的盲側。 再者,事先決定錐狀肩部的角度範圍,因此可經由上述 方法施加適當的變形力,擠壓並使鉚釘本體產生錐向變來 。如果錐面的角度大於11〇度,則鉚接時施加的軸向力可能 不足’且可能將頭部推入鉚釘本體内。如果角度小於%产 ’則無法產生傾斜分力使鉚釘尾端產生錐狀變形,
且1月I 將心軸射出,造成鉚接失敗。 在較佳實施例中,鉚釘本體頭部20成皿錐狀,因此在、隹 行鉚接時’頭部20亦會湧入(充滿)外側工件16,雖然此特〜文 是可供選擇的,吾人可理解,本發明可使用一習 曰^ 4、具有
85263.DOC -12- 1297750 皿錐頭的盲鉚釘。 決定上述長度L範圍的重點是,提供足夠的鉚釘本體材料 ,允許鉚釘本體做適當的變形,於鉚接後填滿擴孔1 8,且 使鉚釘產生足夠的強度,以抵抗作用在鉚接處的外力,但 又不會產生過多的鉚釘本體材料,使得孔18的盟錐區乜鱼 法收納,將使材科突出於工件的盲侧。 …、 圖式簡單說明 圖1顯示本發明之盲鉚釘,其貫穿工件的局部斷面;及 圖2顯示安裝圖1之鉚釘本體的斷面圖。
圖式代表符號說明 10 百鉚針組合 14、16 工件 12 孔 18 鉚釘本體 20 皿錐法蘭 44 > 46 m錐區 22 ' 22, 尾端 30 心幸由 34 心軸頭 32 心轴柄 36 圓柱壁 38 肩部 42 脆弱區 21 盲側區 85263.DOC 1297750 18f 本體厚度 20 鉚釘頭部 L 鉚釘本體長度 D 深度 A 軸 F 力 -14-
85263.DOC

Claims (1)

  1. I297?論娜號專利申請妥 中文申請專利範圍替換本;年9月時優〉正替換叫 拾、申請專利範圍: 〜j 1. 一種使用^盲鉚針岐至少兩工件之方法,包括步驟: 選擇一頁鉚釘,該鉚釘本體長度比欲結合之該至少雨 工件的厚度長25%至55%,且具有一已知的外徑; 在S工件上預製一孔,該孔直徑比該盲鉚釘已知的外 徑大9%至15% ; 插入該鉚釘本體,貫穿該孔; 利用具有一錐狀肩邵的心軸頭,對該鉚釘本體施以 一軸向鉚接力,其中該鉚接力具有一第一軸向分力,沿 軸向將該鉚釘本體擠入該孔中,且一第二傾斜分力迫使 孩鉚釘本體朝外側做錐狀變形;其中該孔成型步驟包括 在ρ亥孔的士側提供一狐錐區,使得該鉚釘本體的錐狀變 形此么納在該孔的該亚錐區内。 2. 如請求項1之方法,其中該盲鉚釘包括: 一軸向延伸的中空管狀本體,一端具有一尾端面,另 一端具有一沿徑向擴大的法蘭; 一心軸具有一柄部,同軸地貫穿該本體,且具有一擴 大的顽#,與該本體的尾端承靠在一起,該頭部具有一 外徑,比该本體的内徑大; 其中邊心軸具有一均勻的錐狀肩部,延伸在該頭部的 外徑及孩柄邵之間,且該柄部具有一脆弱區,直接鄰接 該錐狀肩部。 85263-960928.doc
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JP2009287782A (ja) 2009-12-10
US8328483B2 (en) 2012-12-11
CN1650111A (zh) 2005-08-03
US20070110540A1 (en) 2007-05-17
TW200825298A (en) 2008-06-16
JP2003322123A (ja) 2003-11-14
EP1361370B1 (en) 2005-07-27
WO2003095848A1 (en) 2003-11-20
CN1333175C (zh) 2007-08-22
CN101012845A (zh) 2007-08-08
US20100139076A1 (en) 2010-06-10
US20040022597A1 (en) 2004-02-05
MY137832A (en) 2009-03-31
TW200401082A (en) 2004-01-16
DE60301083D1 (de) 2005-09-01
PL359889A1 (en) 2003-11-17
EP1361370A1 (en) 2003-11-12
US7937821B2 (en) 2011-05-10
JP4542751B2 (ja) 2010-09-15
GB0210463D0 (en) 2002-06-12
HK1080923A1 (en) 2006-05-04
PL206141B1 (pl) 2010-07-30
ES2246439T3 (es) 2006-02-16
GB2388412A (en) 2003-11-12
DE60301083T2 (de) 2006-04-20
ATE300679T1 (de) 2005-08-15
US7650681B2 (en) 2010-01-26
TWI341369B (en) 2011-05-01
CN101012845B (zh) 2015-08-19
JP5154525B2 (ja) 2013-02-27

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