CN1650111A - 盲铆钉 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种盲铆钉(10),其包括:轴向延伸的中空管状主体(18),该主体的一端具有尾端面(22),另一端具有预成形的径向扩大的凸缘(20);心轴(30),该心轴具有杆(32),所述杆同轴地延伸穿过主体(18)且在接近主体的尾端(22)处具有扩大的头部,所述杆在紧邻头部之处具有薄弱区,同时,心轴头的外径大于主体的外径,通常大4%至9%之间,并且心轴具有均匀的锥形肩部(38),该锥形肩部在头部的外径和杆(32)之间延伸,以便施加用于轴向压缩铆钉主体的轴向分力和用于径向引起尾端锥形变形的角向分力的固定力。本发明还公开了一种利用这种盲铆钉(10)固定至少两个工件的方法,该方法包括在这些工件的盲侧设置埋头区域,以便在固定之后容纳主体的锥形变形的尾端,并且基本上与之齐平。
Description
本发明涉及一种盲铆钉,更具体地说,涉及一种头部断开型(head breaktype)盲铆钉,利用这种铆钉,在固定之后可将心轴头从铆钉主体顶出来。
传统的盲铆钉包括外部管状壳体或主体,该管状主体的一端具有扩大的凸缘,管状主体与心轴连在一起,这种心轴包括延伸穿过管状铆钉主体的圆筒形杆,因而与之同轴,杆的一端具有径向扩大的头部,以便与铆钉主体的远离扩大凸缘的端面(尾端)相接合。于是,在固定操作期间,将盲铆钉穿过工件中的预成形孔直到凸缘与孔的边缘相接合同时保持接合为止。然后,固定时,向后朝凸缘拉动心轴杆、从而也就拉动了心轴头,于是使处于工件内部(盲侧)的铆钉的远端压向凸缘,因此,铆钉主体的变形部分与凸缘本身把工件压紧在它们之间。
这类盲铆钉主要有两种类型。一种为断开杆部型盲铆钉(break stem typeblind river),其依靠心轴头进入铆钉主体的尾端且被拉动穿过铆钉主体以便被封裹在那儿,直到当扩展的铆钉主体接合工件的盲侧时心轴头遇到阻力为止,结果使心轴杆上的荷载增大,于是使得杆在一预定的薄弱区断开,而使心轴头保留在铆钉主体内,以便在工件的盲侧形成铆钉主体的扩展部或胀大部分,从而在这个扩大区域和凸缘之间压紧工件。
另一种为固定后心轴头被顶出来的断开头部型盲铆钉。在这类盲铆钉中,心轴头部在心轴杆与心轴头部之间具有一陡变区段,从而呈现一肩部,该肩部与盲铆钉的尾端相接,以便在其上面施加基本为轴向的力,于是向着工件的盲侧压缩和变形铆钉的端部,从而形成变平的膨胀部,处于之间的工件再被挤压紧贴凸缘。此时,杆的薄弱区也将断开,但由于心轴头部没有被拉入铆钉主体中,当杆由于变形的铆钉主体和头部之间的大的反作用力而断开时,心轴头部简单地从那儿被顶出来。
但在这两类传统的盲铆钉中,盲铆钉的限定的或扩大的区段被保持在工件的盲侧上,于是呈现出凸起,该凸起使工件盲侧所得到的工作空间受到限制。这尤其关系到利用盲铆钉来制造小机柜、如在计算机产业中所使用的机柜,因为固定盲铆钉的内部凸起妨碍将部件放置在这样的机柜内。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种改进的盲铆钉,这种盲铆钉可缓解前面提到的那些问题。
本发明领先地提供一种盲铆钉,其包括轴向延伸的中空管状主体,该中空管状主体的一端具有尾端面,而另一端具有预成形的径向扩大的凸缘,所述铆钉还包括心轴,该心轴具有一杆,所述杆同轴地延伸穿过管状主体且在接近主体的尾端处具有扩大的头部,头部的外部直径大于主体的内部直径,其中,心轴具有均匀的锥形肩部,该锥形肩部在头部的外部直径和杆之间延伸,所述杆在紧邻锥形肩部的地方还设有薄弱区。优选所述锥形表面的角度倾斜于轴线的角度为91度至110度之间,通常为98度至102度之间。理想的是,此角度为100度。业已发现,利用这样的锥形表面按这种角度形成的锥形肩部可传递力,当心轴头被拉入铆钉主体中时,此力具有用来压缩铆钉主体的轴向分力,并且还具有用来使铆钉主体的尾端面沿其轴线锥形地向外变形的轴向倾斜分力。
另外,优选使心轴头部的头部直径比管状铆钉主体的外部直径大4%至9%之间。由于这个原因,可将铆钉插入延伸穿过一工件或一些工件的预成形孔中,所述预成形孔的直径应大于此最大的头部直径,通常被设置成比主体直径大10%。当然,根据头部的直径,孔的直径大于主体直径的范围可以在9%至15%之内。固定时,头部的这种增大的直径减少了头部被拉入铆钉主体中的可能性。
此外,优选心轴头部具有通常与铆钉主体同轴的外圆筒形直径,该外圆筒形直径具有至少1毫米的轴向长度,从而在固定操作期间,也减少了锥形地变形的主体封裹住心轴头的可能性,再者,在固定操作期间在施加有大载荷时,可防止头部扭曲(或呈凹状)。
另外,优选铆钉主体的轴向长度比这种铆钉的深入厚度(grip thickness)大25%至55%之间,该深入厚度被定义为用这种铆钉结合起来的那些工件的组合厚度,因此,也就是要被夹紧的厚度。这种预先确定的铆钉主体长度能确保有足够的铆钉主体材料来形成适当的铆钉连接和插入工件的预成形孔中,致使一旦固定,不会有过量的铆钉主体材料过多地凸出于被连接工件的盲侧。
此外,根据本发明,还提供一种利用盲铆钉将至少两个工件固定在一起的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:选择轴向延伸的盲铆钉,使盲铆钉具有的主体的长度比至少两个工件的组合厚度大25%至55%之间,主体具有已知的外径;然后,预成形穿过这些工件的孔,该孔的直径比铆钉主体的外径大9%至15%之间;随后,插入盲铆钉使之穿过孔。此外,这种方法还设有利用具有锥形肩部的心轴头部向铆钉主体施加轴向固定力的步骤,而且所述固定力具有第一轴向分力和第二径向分力,沿轴向施加的第一轴向分力用于把铆钉主体压入孔中,第二径向分力用来使铆钉主体沿其轴线锥形地向外变形。此外,优选所述孔的形成步骤包括在孔的盲侧设置埋头区,致使铆钉主体的锥形变形部分被形变地进入孔的埋头区中,以便基本上不凸出于工件的盲侧。
根据本发明和上文的描述,优选这种方法包括选择和插入盲铆钉的步骤。
下文将参照附图用举例的方式描述本发明的优选实施方式。附图中:
图1是本发明的被插过工件的盲铆钉的部分剖面图;
图2是图1中的铆钉的固定铆钉主体的剖面图。
现在参照图1,所示出的盲铆钉组件10被插入在两个工件14和16之间延伸的预成形的孔12中,但未被固定。铆钉组件10包括具有扩大的埋头凸缘20的中空管状铆钉主体18,该埋头沿铆钉主体的轴线A向内逐渐变细,以便补充地容纳在孔12的预成形的埋头区44内。
铆钉主体18的与凸缘20轴向相反的远尾端22具有沿垂直于铆钉轴线A延伸的基本上为平的端面。铆钉主体的长度L被预先设定成比两个工件14和16组合的深度D大25%至55%之间。此深度D通常被称为盲铆钉的深入厚度,其被定义为被固定铆钉夹紧的材料厚度。在本实施方式中,深度L比深度D约大30%。对于传统的盲铆钉来说,组件10还设有心轴30,该心轴包括圆筒形心轴杆,心轴杆在其盲端在邻近铆钉主体18的尾端22处具有扩大的头部34。心轴杆32沿其轴向长度的剖面面积基本上是一致的,且其直径基本上等于管状铆钉主体18的内径,从而形成附加磨擦配合。
心轴头34具有由圆筒形壁36限定的最大外径,圆筒形壁36沿轴线A同轴地延伸且具有至少1毫米的轴向长度。心轴头的这个最小轴向长度被用来向所述头部提供适当的承受力,致使在铆钉固定操作期间头部受到大的压力时、尤其当头部的周边与铆钉主体相接合由此引起变形时(如下文所述),可减少心轴头扭曲或“凹陷”的可能性。
壁36的直径大于铆钉主体的最大外径,其比主体的直径至少大4%,但不超过9%。
在外壁36和心轴杆之间延伸的、心轴头的肩部38沿轴向倾斜,从而形成基本均匀的锥形表面,虽然锥形角倾斜的角度可以在91度至110度的范围之间,以便保持在可接受的操作参数的范围内,但优选锥形表面相对于轴线A的倾斜角度为100度。此角度范围已被限定在适当的范围内,因而在固定期间可使铆钉产生期望的变形。
心轴头的远端沿轴线A也设有对组件10起对齐机构作用的锥形表面,因此,将铆钉插入孔18中时,其倾斜表面有利于组件与孔18对齐。
心轴头的直径必需比铆钉主体的外径至少大4%,以便在固定操作期间减少头部被拖入主体中的麻烦,这种麻烦将防碍固定之后头部被顶出。但是,此直径大于铆钉主体的值必须不超过9%,否则,将要求工件中的孔非常大,以使铆钉通过,这样,在固定期间(可能使固定铆钉被宽松地固定),很难填充孔或者使孔的直径非常接近于凸缘的直径,从而增大了铆钉固定失败的风险。
此外,心轴杆32设有紧邻锥形表面38的预成形的薄弱区42。对于传统的盲铆钉来说,薄弱区42形成为杆的狭窄部分,该狭窄部分通过把杆的直径削成方形来形成,从而围绕所述直径形成四个平面,以防止紧邻头部的基本成正方形的剖面面积比主心轴杆的剖面面积小且薄弱。可供选择的是,薄弱部分可由两个或更多直径相反的缺口或者甚至由环形凹槽构成。对此,重要的是这种薄弱部分需紧邻心轴头。
由于心轴头34具有大于铆钉主体18的直径,必要的是,预成形孔12的直径至少等于最大的心轴头的直径,并且通常将预成形孔构造成比主体的最大直径大10%(由于头部的最大直径被限制为比主体的最大直径大9%)。当然,根据心轴头与铆钉主体的确切的直径比可将孔12构造成其直径比最大的主体直径大9%至15%之间。通常使采用本发明的铆钉的盲铆钉系统与用现有的标准尺寸的钻头制成的标准孔尺寸相容(即,孔的直径比铆钉主体的直径大10%),虽然也可生产不同尺寸的铆钉,但却需要适当直径的、特定的孔成型工具(钻头),以便与这种铆钉配合使用。
此外,尽管预成形孔12具有埋头区44以容纳铆钉主体的埋头20,该预成形孔12还可具有在工件的盲侧区域21(即,内侧或者与固定工具相反的那一侧)上形成的围绕该孔的外围延伸的锥形埋头区46。
尽管铆钉组件具有可移动的夹爪构件,用于夹紧心轴杆32并且用于基本上沿图1中箭头F所示的方向施加固定力F,但是,一旦将铆钉组件10插过预成形孔12,也可利用传统的盲铆钉固定工具(图中未示出)来固定铆钉组件,所述传统的固定工具包括用于限制铆钉主体凸缘(或头部)20与工件16的无间隔地邻接的鼻状部分。
施加固定力F把心轴头拖入与铆钉主体的尾端部分22的平面相接合的位置,由于其具有锥形肩部38,施加的固定力具有沿轴向延伸的第一分力,其起朝铆钉凸缘22压缩铆钉主体18的作用,于是导致受压的(缩减长度)铆钉主体沿径向扩张,从而填充扩大的孔12(由于心轴杆被保持穿过主体18,故此径向扩张是向外的)。锥形肩部38还提供垂直于该肩部38的锥形表面的第二分力,此第二分力用来使铆钉主体的尾端22径向地和锥形地向外变形,由于壁36的轴向长度(和铆钉主体的受限长度)还不能包括和包围心轴头34,心轴头34基本上不进入此缩短的铆钉主体。相反,铆钉18的尾端22的一些材料轴向地朝铆钉头部20被部分地移位,与在这个尾端区域中的铆钉主体的遗留材料共同形成相当薄的锥形外壁(图2),该锥形外壁被置入孔12的埋头区域46中,因而不凸出于被固定的工件的外表。因此,心轴的锥形肩部38和埋头区域46的结合用来形成主体的这种锥形扩展的尾端。
心轴沿F方向连续地轴向移动导致当心轴头34碰到工件14时该心轴头遇到增大的阻力,从而阻止心轴头进一步移动。以传统方式连续地施加固定力F,致使心轴杆上的应力增大直到心轴杆32在薄弱区42处断开为止。铆钉头部34和铆钉主体18之间的合成反作用力促使铆钉头部34从那儿被顶出。
图2示出了最后固定的盲铆钉,其具有压缩的轴向长度L2,该长度基本等于深入厚度D,因此,轴向移置的铆钉主体材料已被挤入扩大的孔18中,从而在这个区域中提供具有增加的主体厚度18’的铆钉主体,并且该铆钉主体具有基本呈锥状的杯形尾端22’,该尾端被形成在预成形孔12的埋头区46中。以这种方式,形成基本为刚性的铆钉接合,这种铆钉接合基本不凸出于工件14的盲侧。
此外,锥形肩部的角形固定范围已被确定,因而能够以上面所述的方式施加适当的变形力来压缩铆钉主体并使其锥形变形。如果锥形表面的角度大于110度,在固定期间,则可能出现所施加的轴向力不够和头部被拉入铆钉主体中的危险。如果此角度小于90度,那么,就没有引起铆钉的尾端锥形变形的角向力分量,并且心轴头很可能在铆钉未能正确固定的情况下被顶出来。
在本优选实施方式中,所示的铆钉主体头部20是埋头的,因此一旦固定,头部20就与外部的工件16保持齐平,尽管这种特征是可以选择的,很明显,本发明可利用传统的不采用埋头的盲铆钉。
上面所讨论的在预定范围内提供长度L的重要性在于提供足够的铆钉主体的材料以使铆钉主体适当变形,从而在固定之后填充扩大的孔18,并且形成铆钉的足够粗壮的固定端,这种固定端能抵抗任何施加在接合点上的张力,而不形成未被孔18的埋头区46所容纳且可能凸出于工件盲侧的过量的铆钉主体材料。
Claims (12)
1.一种盲铆钉,包括:
轴向延伸的中空管状主体,其一端具有尾端面,另一端具有预成形的径向扩大的凸缘;
心轴,其具有同轴地延伸穿过所述主体且在接近所述主体的所述尾端处具有扩大的头部的杆,所述头部的外径大于所述主体的内径;
其中,所述心轴具有均匀的锥形肩部,该锥形肩部在所述头部的外径和所述杆之间延伸,且所述杆在紧邻所述锥形肩部之处有一薄弱区。
2.如权利要求1所述的盲铆钉,其中,所述锥形表面的角度与轴线的倾斜角度为91度至110度之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的盲铆钉,其中,所述角度为98度至102度之间。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的盲铆钉,其中,所述头部直径比所述主体的外径大4%至9%之间。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的盲铆钉,其中,所述心轴头具有至少1毫米的轴向长度的外圆筒形直径。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的盲铆钉,其中,所述径向扩大的凸缘包括一埋头。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的盲铆钉,其中,所述主体的轴向长度比深入厚度大25%至55%之间。
8.一种利用盲铆钉把至少两个工件固定在一起的方法,包括如下步骤:
选择盲铆钉,使该盲铆钉具有的主体长度比所述至少两个工件的组合厚度大25%至55%之间,并且该盲铆钉具有已知的外径;
在所述工件中预成形孔,使孔的直径比所述已知的外径大9%至15%之间;
将所述铆钉主体插过所述孔;
利用具有锥形肩部的心轴头向所述铆钉主体施加轴向固定力,此时,所述固定力具有第一轴向分力和第二角向分力,沿所述轴向施加所述第一轴向分力以便把所述铆钉主体压入所述孔中,所述第二角向分力用来使所述铆钉主体向外锥形地变形。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述孔的形成步骤包括在所述孔的盲侧设置埋头区域,致使所述铆钉主体的所述锥形变形部分形变地进入所述孔的所述埋头区中。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中,该方法包括选择并插入如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的盲铆钉。
11.一种基本上参照附图所描述的盲铆钉。
12.一种利用盲铆钉基本上参照附图所描述的把至少两个平的工件固定在一起的方法。
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2002
- 2002-05-08 GB GB0210463A patent/GB2388412A/en not_active Withdrawn
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2003
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- 2003-05-02 DE DE60301083T patent/DE60301083T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-02 ES ES03010030T patent/ES2246439T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-02 EP EP03010030A patent/EP1361370B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-02 AT AT03010030T patent/ATE300679T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-06 CN CN200710004072.3A patent/CN101012845B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-06 WO PCT/IB2003/001782 patent/WO2003095848A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-05-06 US US10/430,742 patent/US8328483B2/en active Active
- 2003-05-06 CN CNB038100851A patent/CN1333175C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-07 MY MYPI20031709A patent/MY137832A/en unknown
- 2003-05-08 TW TW092112596A patent/TWI297750B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-08 JP JP2003129903A patent/JP4542751B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-08 TW TW096146227A patent/TWI341369B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2006
- 2006-01-18 HK HK06100813A patent/HK1080923A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
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2009
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Cited By (10)
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CN102483084A (zh) * | 2009-08-24 | 2012-05-30 | 纽弗雷公司 | 穿孔铆钉、用于产生穿孔铆钉连接部的方法、及工件装置 |
CN102483084B (zh) * | 2009-08-24 | 2014-08-13 | 纽弗雷公司 | 穿孔铆钉、用于产生穿孔铆钉连接部的方法、及工件装置 |
CN102141070A (zh) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-03 | 纽弗雷公司 | 盲铆钉 |
CN104320995A (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2015-01-28 | 须藤二三男 | 椅子框架构造及其制造方法 |
TWI617265B (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2018-03-11 | 須藤二三男 | 椅子骨架構造 |
CN106938305A (zh) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-07-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 自铆连接方法和自铆连接装置 |
CN105626647A (zh) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-01 | 无锡安士达五金有限公司 | 可拆卸涨紧式铆钉 |
CN106050845A (zh) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-10-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | 用沉头铆装衬套连接两块薄板的方法 |
CN113226592A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-08-06 | 形状连接技术有限公司及两合公司 | 紧固元件 |
CN113226592B (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2023-09-12 | 形状连接技术有限公司及两合公司 | 紧固元件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI297750B (en) | 2008-06-11 |
US7650681B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
CN101012845A (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
GB2388412A (en) | 2003-11-12 |
US7937821B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
ATE300679T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
MY137832A (en) | 2009-03-31 |
TWI341369B (en) | 2011-05-01 |
US8328483B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
US20100139076A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
JP2009287782A (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
CN1333175C (zh) | 2007-08-22 |
DE60301083T2 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
US20040022597A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
PL206141B1 (pl) | 2010-07-30 |
CN101012845B (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
EP1361370A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
JP5154525B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
TW200401082A (en) | 2004-01-16 |
GB0210463D0 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
TW200825298A (en) | 2008-06-16 |
HK1080923A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
JP2003322123A (ja) | 2003-11-14 |
JP4542751B2 (ja) | 2010-09-15 |
WO2003095848A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
DE60301083D1 (de) | 2005-09-01 |
US20070110540A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
EP1361370B1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
PL359889A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
ES2246439T3 (es) | 2006-02-16 |
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