TWI280251B - Flame-resistant polycarbonate molding composition modified with a graft polymer - Google Patents
Flame-resistant polycarbonate molding composition modified with a graft polymer Download PDFInfo
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- TWI280251B TWI280251B TW092121241A TW92121241A TWI280251B TW I280251 B TWI280251 B TW I280251B TW 092121241 A TW092121241 A TW 092121241A TW 92121241 A TW92121241 A TW 92121241A TW I280251 B TWI280251 B TW I280251B
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- molding composition
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 Phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001283 Polyalkylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000654 isopropylidene group Chemical group C(C)(C)=* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- YWZKHUXXEKYLCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenedodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=C)C(O)=O YWZKHUXXEKYLCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 15
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical group OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920007019 PC/ABS Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002842 oligophosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004060 quinone imines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Polymers OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNJCGEDVIOLRLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetramethylcyclobutane Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC1(C)C YNJCGEDVIOLRLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQPHBYQUCKHJLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)benzene Chemical group BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1C1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br AQPHBYQUCKHJLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKIGDGWHHNXWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-tripropylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC(CCC)=C1CCC KKIGDGWHHNXWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L55/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08L23/00 - C08L53/00
- C08L55/02—ABS [Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene] polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F279/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
- C08F279/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00 on to polymers of conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F279/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
- C08F279/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00 on to polymers of conjugated dienes
- C08F279/04—Vinyl aromatic monomers and nitriles as the only monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
- C08L69/005—Polyester-carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/12—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10235754A DE10235754A1 (de) | 2002-08-05 | 2002-08-05 | Flammwidrige mit Pfropfpolymerisat modifizierte Polycarbonat-Formmassen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200420587A TW200420587A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
| TWI280251B true TWI280251B (en) | 2007-05-01 |
Family
ID=30469445
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW092121241A TWI280251B (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-04 | Flame-resistant polycarbonate molding composition modified with a graft polymer |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7319116B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1530612B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP4776230B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100968644B1 (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN1688648A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE420138T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003250138A1 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR0305723B1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2494635C (enExample) |
| DE (2) | DE10235754A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2318184T3 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05001333A (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI280251B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2004015001A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10036057A1 (de) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-02-07 | Bayer Ag | Flammwidrige Polycarbonat-Zusammensetzungen |
| DE10304159A1 (de) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-05 | Bayer Ag | Flammwidrige Polycarbonat-Blends |
| DE10360367A1 (de) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-21 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Stabilisierte thermoplastische Zusammensetzungen |
| US20060004154A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-05 | Derudder James L | Thermoplastic polycarbonate compositions, method of manufacture, and method of use thereof |
| US20060030647A1 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-09 | Thomas Ebeling | Flame retardant thermoplastic polycarbonate compositions, use, and method of manufacture thereof |
| US7365125B2 (en) * | 2004-08-16 | 2008-04-29 | General Electric Company | Polycarbonate compositions, articles, and method of manufacture |
| EP1956047A4 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2009-12-23 | Mitsubishi Eng Plastics Corp | AROMATIC POLYCARBONATE RESIN COMPOSITION AND MOLDED ARTICLE THEREOF |
| DE102006012990A1 (de) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Flammgeschützte schlagzähmodifizierte Polycarbonat-Zusammensetzungen |
| DE102006012988A1 (de) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Flammgeschützte schlagzähmodifizierte Polycarbonat-Zusammensetzungen |
| KR101378234B1 (ko) * | 2007-02-26 | 2014-03-27 | 바이엘 머티리얼싸이언스 엘엘씨 | 난연성 내충격성 열가소성 성형 조성물 |
| KR101081503B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-17 | 2011-11-08 | 제일모직주식회사 | 웰드 강도가 우수한 폴리카보네이트 수지 조성물 |
| US8552096B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2013-10-08 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Flame-retardant reinforced polycarbonate compositions |
| CN104487512B (zh) * | 2012-07-25 | 2016-10-12 | 普立万公司 | 非卤化阻燃聚碳酸酯复合物 |
| CN105295344A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-03 | 五行材料科技（江苏）有限公司 | 一种阻燃性的聚碳酸酯增强高模量模塑组合物 |
| EP3632938B1 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2023-05-03 | Trinseo Europe GmbH | Vinylidene substituted aromatic monomer and cyclic (meth)acrylate ester polymers |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59202240A (ja) | 1983-05-02 | 1984-11-16 | Daihachi Kagaku Kogyosho:Kk | 難燃性熱可塑性樹脂組成物 |
| US5204394A (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1993-04-20 | General Electric Company | Polymer mixture having aromatic polycarbonate, styrene I containing copolymer and/or graft polymer and a flame-retardant, articles formed therefrom |
| ATE192466T1 (de) * | 1993-02-16 | 2000-05-15 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | Verfahren zur herstellung von pulver- und granulatförmigen polymeren |
| JPH07278318A (ja) * | 1994-04-08 | 1995-10-24 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 難燃性ｃｄ−ｒｏｍ帰属部品 |
| JP3946765B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-07 | 2007-07-18 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 難燃性樹脂組成物 |
| FR2733504A1 (fr) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-10-31 | Gen Elec Plastics Abs Euro Bv | Nouveaux alliages polymeres a base de polymerisat comprenant des motifs de derives de tetrafluoroethylene, procede de fabrication, articles obtenus a partir de tels alliages et utilisation de ces alliages dans des compositions polymeres |
| JPH0995610A (ja) | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-08 | Nippon G Ii Plast Kk | 難燃樹脂組成物 |
| SG69988A1 (en) * | 1995-11-01 | 2000-01-25 | Gen Electric | Flame retardant polycarbonate/graft blends exhibiting heat aging stability |
| DE19734661A1 (de) * | 1997-08-11 | 1999-02-18 | Bayer Ag | Flammwidrige, spannungsrißbeständige Polycarbonat ABS-Formmassen |
| JP3461125B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-18 | 2003-10-27 | 出光石油化学株式会社 | 難燃性ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物及びブロー成形品 |
| DE19914137A1 (de) | 1999-03-27 | 2000-09-28 | Bayer Ag | Flammwidrige mit Pfropfpolymerisat modifizierte Polycarbonat-Formmassen |
| JP2000281890A (ja) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | ブロー成形用ポリカーボネート系樹脂組成物およびその成形品 |
| JP2000297190A (ja) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-10-24 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物 |
| US6180702B1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2001-01-30 | Bayer Corporation | Flame retardant polycarbonate composition |
| KR100372569B1 (ko) * | 2000-10-31 | 2003-02-19 | 제일모직주식회사 | 난연성 열가소성 수지조성물 |
| DE10247777A1 (de) * | 2002-10-14 | 2004-04-22 | Bayer Ag | Flammgeschützte Polycarbonate und Polyestercarbonate |
-
2002
- 2002-08-05 DE DE10235754A patent/DE10235754A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-07-23 AT AT03784046T patent/ATE420138T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-23 MX MXPA05001333A patent/MXPA05001333A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-07-23 CN CNA038237016A patent/CN1688648A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-23 ES ES03784046T patent/ES2318184T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-23 KR KR1020057002077A patent/KR100968644B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-23 EP EP03784046A patent/EP1530612B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-23 JP JP2004526757A patent/JP4776230B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-23 CA CA2494635A patent/CA2494635C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-23 WO PCT/EP2003/008034 patent/WO2004015001A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-07-23 DE DE50311060T patent/DE50311060D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-23 BR BRPI0305723-2A patent/BR0305723B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-23 CN CN200910261923A patent/CN101747615A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-23 AU AU2003250138A patent/AU2003250138A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-31 US US10/631,632 patent/US7319116B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-04 TW TW092121241A patent/TWI280251B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-08-06 JP JP2010176985A patent/JP2010270338A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7319116B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
| ES2318184T3 (es) | 2009-05-01 |
| KR100968644B1 (ko) | 2010-07-06 |
| BR0305723A (pt) | 2004-09-28 |
| CA2494635C (en) | 2011-11-22 |
| CN101747615A (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
| TW200420587A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
| ATE420138T1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
| CA2494635A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
| BR0305723B1 (pt) | 2013-03-19 |
| EP1530612A1 (de) | 2005-05-18 |
| DE50311060D1 (de) | 2009-02-26 |
| KR20050071468A (ko) | 2005-07-07 |
| JP4776230B2 (ja) | 2011-09-21 |
| AU2003250138A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
| EP1530612B1 (de) | 2009-01-07 |
| JP2010270338A (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
| JP2005534781A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
| US20040039091A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
| CN1688648A (zh) | 2005-10-26 |
| WO2004015001A1 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
| DE10235754A1 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
| MXPA05001333A (es) | 2005-04-28 |
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