TWI253185B - Robust group III light emitting diode for high reliability in standard packaging applications - Google Patents
Robust group III light emitting diode for high reliability in standard packaging applications Download PDFInfo
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- TWI253185B TWI253185B TW092113084A TW92113084A TWI253185B TW I253185 B TWI253185 B TW I253185B TW 092113084 A TW092113084 A TW 092113084A TW 92113084 A TW92113084 A TW 92113084A TW I253185 B TWI253185 B TW I253185B
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- emitting diode
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- nitride
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical group [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GZPAUBGEHBFOFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotin;tantalum Chemical compound [Ta].[Sn]=O GZPAUBGEHBFOFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 argon Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- BCZWPKDRLPGFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynecerium Chemical compound [Ce]#N BCZWPKDRLPGFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCLQZCOGUCNIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynelanthanum Chemical compound [La]#N QCLQZCOGUCNIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJXBBNUQVRZRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneyttrium Chemical compound [Y]#N AJXBBNUQVRZRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005478 sputtering type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
- H01L33/42—Transparent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4805—Shape
- H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
- H01L2224/48091—Arched
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
Description
1253185 攻、發明說明: 【之技術領域_】 本餐明係關於發光二極體,及尤其係關於適用於標準封 應用之由第πι族氮化物形成之此種二極體。 【先前技術1 、4光一極係一種將電能轉變為光輻射之接面裝置。 尤其’在適當的順向偏壓條件下,LED在電磁光譜的紫外、 可見、及紅外區域中發射外部自發輻射。 如A心私磁光謂之可見及近可見部分及其特性之人士所 知曉,較短波長之光(諸如藍光及紫外光)呈現較高的頻率、 向的此星過渡,及較長波長(諸如紅光及紅外光)呈現較低 的頻率、較低的能量過渡。 因此,關於發光二極體,其所發射之光譜的特殊部分一 :<顏色—係基於產生發射之過渡的能量而定。過渡能 里依序有甚大私度係由特定材料之能帶隙所決定。因此, 、、、、使叙光_極骨豆在光?晋之藍色或紫外部分中發光,半導體 材料之能帶隙必需夠大(夠寬),以利用足夠的能量支援過渡 ’而產生藍光或紫外光。 ^ 在光邊之監色及紫外區域中之發光二極體的候選 ^料文限於特^的寬能帶隙材料諸如鑽石、後化邦lC)及 罘|π族鼠化物;例如,由週期表之第m族元素形成之二元 一及四元氮化物,諸如氮化鎵(GaN)、氮化鋼嫁(inGaN) 、及氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)。 在爲色LED領域中之近來的發展工作更將焦點放在第⑴ 85299 1253185 族氮化物上,由於其具寬能帶隙,且其有直接,而非間接 過;度材料之特性。如熟悉技藝人士所充分明瞭,直接能帶 隙材料由於其之能量轉變主要係為光(光子)之形式,而非部 分為光及部分為振動能(聲子),因而其有提供較高效率的傾 向。 LED及其他光子裝置之結構、量子力學、及操作的更廣泛論 述記述於Sze,半導體材料物理學(Physics 〇f Semiconductor Materials),第 2版(1981,John Wiley & Sons, Inc),及其之手 冊’ Sze ’現代半導體裝置物理學(Modern Semiconductor Device PhysiCS)(1998,John Wiley & Sons, Inc)中。此等原理 係此技藝中一般所可充分明瞭,除非為解釋及佐證本提出 專利申請之發明所需,否則在此不加以贅述。 基本而言,發光二極體一般包括兩層相反導電性類型的 材料,其一起形成p-n接面。此等材料典型上係呈在基材上 之磊晶層的形態。最希望對基材及對頂部磊晶層產生歐姆 接觸’以在封裝時形成提供最佳效率的「垂直」裝置。 在此方面,通常將LED以LED燈之形式封裝供最終用途用 。典型的LED燈包括一 LED晶片(或「晶粒」,術語「晶片」 通常係用於描述積體電路而非LED)及一塑膠(或有時為玻 璃)透鏡。對於一些LED,透鏡為彩色,以提供作為漉光器 及增進對比,但對於藍色LED,透鏡為無色,以避免與期望 色|光的干擾較佳。热悉技藝人士熟知典型的燈構造, 且其記述於,例如,Sze,半導體材料物理學,同前於697_7〇〇 頁。典型上,一旦將LED晶片封裝成為燈,則其可使用於各 85299 1253185 上形成一金屬接觸,及在金屬接觸上濺鍍沈積一氮化矽鈍 化層。 本發明之此等及其他目的及優點將可經由結合附圖思考 以下之貪施方式而更加明白。 【實施方式】 本各月係種於標準封裝中提供高可靠性,且將可承受 南溫及两濕條件之物理強健的發光二極體。 如於R景中所指出,必需保護歐姆接觸使不受到物理、 機械、環境及封裝應力,以防止第m族氮化物led之退化。 在此方面,圖1係整個Led(「晶粒」)之照片。在圖1之裝 置中,除了 ί辰繞晶粒之外緣之外,將二氧化矽(玻璃)之鈍化 層移除。仍存在玻璃的部分大致係以環繞大致方形晶粒之 周邊之主點狀或經染色之部分指示。此斑駁的外觀係由當 玻璃自晶粒脫層時在其下方之不同的空氣間隙所產生。在 說明於圖1之晶粒中,脫層係開始於大約3點鐘位置(順時針 移動),及到達大約11點鐘位置。晶粒之中心不存在鈍化層 ’且在仍附著至合接塾(bond pad)之晶粒的最中心可看見線 球結合。在此特殊例子中,將鈍化層之中心部分移除,同 時於測试之後將晶粒去包封。 說明於圖1之晶粒的鈍化層在測試過程中於封裝中脫層 ,且使濕氣可滲透至鈍化層下方。所造成之脫層使此特殊 裝置之起始光輸出降低約20%。接著,傾向於滲透通過led 燈之環氧透鏡及環繞離開燈封裝之底部之引線的濕氣使薄 的半透明歐姆接觸退化,及最終使其完全失效。此失效依 85299 -11 - 1253185 為「具降低捕捉之以第ΙΠ族氮化物為主之FET及hem丁及其 製法(Group III Nitride Based FETs and HEMTs with Reduced
Trapping and Method for Producing the Same)」,將其以引用 的方式併入本文中。 圖5顯示可使用於將材料沈積於基材或裝置或裝置前驅 物上之簡化的錢鐘室1 〇 〇。在操作時,將半導體裝置1 〇 1置 於陽極102上。接著將室103抽真空,及使惰性氣體1〇4諸如 氬經由閥1 05流入,以維持背景壓力。陰極i 〇6係由待沈積 於基材或裝置上之材料(或材料之成份)製成。藉由在電極 1 〇 7之間施加高電壓,惰性氣體經離子化,且正離子η 〇加速 至陰極106。當衝擊到陰極1〇6時,其與陰極原子112碰撞, 而給予其排出的足夠能量。經濺鍍之陰極原子丨丨2行進通過 空間,而最終塗佈陽極102及其上之半導體裝置1〇ι。其他 的濺鍍單元可能更為複雜及具更多細部,但其係以大致相 同的基本物理機構運作。使用更為複雜的濺鍍系統可濺鍍 及沈積一範圍的金屬及介電層。 在一較佳具體貫施例中,陰極1 〇 6係純的碎革巴。經由使氮 氣連同惰性氣體一起流過濺鍍室1 03,而使其提供氮化矽的 形成。由於經濺鍍的靶材(在此情況中為矽)與反應氣體(氮) 反應生成SiN,因而將此形式的濺鍍稱為「反應性濺鍍」。 在第一具體實施例中,濺鍍沈積可在超過2 〇 〇 之溫度下 進行,及在約440°C之溫度下最佳,以使包封最大化,及於 裝置上產生更隔絕的密封。室103之壓力應在氬及氮氣之混 合大氣中維持在低於20毫托爾(mTorr)下,及以在約1 〇-20毫 85299 -14- 1253185 托爾之間較佳。濺鍍速率應維持於約4 5埃/分鐘,及應沈積 大於約1 000埃之總薄膜厚度,以得到最佳的包封。在此具 體實施例中,氮化矽之濺鍍可使用Sputtered Films, Inc.製造 之Endeavor濺鍍系統完成。雖然本發明人並不希望受限於任 何特殊的理論,但在此壓力(20毫托爾以下)下,目前相信賤 鍍方法會導致對裝置的實質離子轟擊損傷。然而,目前亦 相信增加的濺鍍溫度可使離子轟擊損傷自裝置退火。 在此具體實施例中,較佳的濺鍍方法包括使室1 〇 3降至低 於約20毫托爾之低壓,使氬氣在約4〇標準立方公分每分鐘 (seem)之速率下流動,及使氮氣流在約25 sccm之速率下流 動的特定步驟。將室1 03之溫度提高至高於2〇〇。〇,及以至 約440 °C較佳。對端子1〇7施加約1〇〇瓦之RF功率及約 700-800瓦之DC功率,以產生離子化電漿。將此條件維持約 4 0分鐘,以濺鍍S1陰極1 0 6。經濺鍍之矽與氮反應,而導致 氮化矽沈積於晶圓上。 在另一具體實施例中,濺鍍沈積可在室溫但在較高壓力 ,例如,在混合Ar/N2大氣中在約8(M00毫托爾之間之下進 行。應使用脈衝DC電源,以降低在濺鍍電極之間的「噴放 (spmmg)」及發旅。使用脈衝dc電源使於濺鍍靶上之離子 轟擊量增加,但經發現如濺鍍係在較高壓力下進行,則不 需要使裝置退火以移除離子損傷。目前相信在此具體實施 例中,經濺鍍離子之最高離子能量降低,同時離子通量增 加,而導致可忽略的離予轟擊損傷,同時仍維持可接受的 濺鍍速率。在此具體實施例中,將濺鍍速率維持於約5〇埃/ 85299 -15- 1253185 分鐘下較佳,且濺鍍可使用cvc 28〇〇濺鍍系統進行。 在此具體實施例中,較佳的濺鍍方法包括使室103降至約 80-100毫托爾之壓力,使氬氣在約8〇 sccm之速率下流動, 及使氮乳流在約10 sccm之速率下流動的特定步騾。將室 之度維持於皇溫下。對端子1〇7施加具約1〇⑽瓦之功率與 約5微秒之脈衝期間及約4〇%之任務循環的脈衝dc電壓,以 產生離子化私漿。將此條件維持約75分鐘,以濺鍍si陰極106 、,二歲鍍之矽與氮反應,而導致氮化矽沈積於晶圓上。 一在任則逑的具體實施例中,氮化矽係經沈積為相對於 氮化石夕(Si3N4)《化學計量稍微不足碎的氮化石夕組合物較佳 二換口《氮化矽係以產生非化學計量組合物的方式沈積 車乂佳更確切K ’將薄膜中之石夕的比例降低,以增進光 ^出:薄膜中之碎的比例可經由提高或減低進人至室中之 氮氣流量而調整。 換:《此處所使用之術語「氮化碎組合物」係指包括 :及氮化物兩| ’包括彼此互相化學鍵結之矽及氮,及可 能包括-些以細4之化學計量關係鍵結的組合物。此組合 亦可G括其中_些或全邵之組合物不為叫凡之關係的非 化學計量組合。 2本發明’由於濺鍍技術可避免將不期望量值的氯引入 ,巾a 度的氮化碎組合物較習知之電聚增進 =蒸氣沈積(PECVD)方法為佳。如熟悉技藝人士所知曉, ^使GaN基半導體中之Mg_受體赴化。雖然尚不完全明瞭 "刀的機構’ 1本發明人並不希望受限於任何特殊的操作 85299 -16- 1253185 理論,但現今明瞭當利用PECVD在超過200°c之沈積溫度下 沈和氮化ί夕時’薄膜中之氫會擴散通過薄的歐姆接觸及進 入至Ρ-型第III族氮化物接觸層14中,而使層14在靠近其表面 之區域中變鈍化。換言之,在接近表面之區域中,有實質 數目的受體離子經由於薄膜中引入氫而成為中性。因此, 在iv姆接觸與氮化物材料之間之界面退化,且接觸金屬並 未展現理想的歐姆特性。此會導致裝置中之順向電壓的增 加(VF退化)。基本上,裝置的行為如同在金屬1 6與接觸層Μ 之間之界面形成肖特基(Sch〇ttky)接觸而非歐姆接觸。 相對地,由於其係在真空或接近真空中沈積,因而咸信 錢鍍的氮化独合物實質上不含氫不純物。因&,確錢 鍍系統的所有零件清潔乾燥,以避免任何氫污染亦較佳。 此可能需要在濺鍍之前將零件烘烤。 此外 i LED晶片經製造及切製,則需如更詳細說明於 下將晶片裝置於燈封裝中。封裝晶片之程序通常會導致晶 :暴露至高溫一段時間。晶片在後續的操作中亦會暴露至 高溫。在使用PECVD方法於其上沈積氮切之晶片中,此 種暴露會導致順向電壓隨時間的增加(Vf退化)。目前暸解此 電壓增加係由氫自氮化㈣化層17擴散至經掺雜咐之接觸 層14中所產生。經由使用激鍍技術沈積氮化碎組合物層(導 致藏鍍沈積氮切組合物),所產生之退化實質上經降低或 消除。 如PECVD沈積係無可避免’則可經由在較高摻雜量值下 換雉經摻雜Mg之接觸層14,以補償由氫擴散所造成之純化 85299 -17- 1253185 ,而稍微補償vF退化。然而’提高接觸層14中之Mg之摻雜 量值會經由減損經摻雜河§之層14中之晶體品質及表面形態 而對裝置有不利影響。 圖6係一者利用PECVD氮化砍沈積處理及另一者利用濺 鍍氮化矽組合物處理之LED晶粒之Vf對退火溫度的圖。led 晶粒係經由將磊晶層沈積於碳化矽基材上而製造。接著將 基材鋸成兩半。將氮化矽鈍化層沈積於各半部的晶圓上。 使用PECVD沈積於將氮化矽鈍化層沈積於一半部的晶圓上 ,及使用前述之高溫濺鍍方法於將氮化矽組合物鈍化層沈 積於另一半部的晶圓上。其餘的LED製程係習知之製程,且 由各半邛之晶圓製造LED晶粒。使五個具有濺鍍氮化矽組合 物之晶粒及三個具有PECVD沈積氮化矽鈍化層之晶粒在快 速熱退火室中在250 t之退火溫度下進行退火5分鐘。在退 火前後測量各晶粒之順向電壓。接著使晶粒在29〇艺之退火 溫度下進行後續的退火5分鐘。於後續退火之後測量各晶粒 之順向電壓。將由此等試驗而得之平均結果描繪於圖6。如 可太圖6中所見,使用PECVD於其上沈積氮化矽之[ED於在 250 C下退火5分鐘之後僅展現超過〇」伏特之平均%增加,而 於其上濺鍍沈積氮化矽組合物之LED則顯現%的輕微降低 (即改良)。使用PEC VD於其上沈積氮化矽之LEd於在29〇它下 退火5分鐘<後展現超過ο.?伏特之平均%增加,而於其上濺 鍍沈和氮化矽組合物之LED於在29(rc下退火5分鐘之後則 顯現幾近0.1伏特的Vf降低。 因此’在一態樣中,本發明包括一種製造發光二極體之 85299 -18 - 1253185 本發明之燈連同紅色及綠色LED燈一起加入,而形成全色顯 示器。此種顯示器之例子記述於,例如,共同申請及共同 受讓之申請案序號09/057,838中,其係1995年12月29日提出 申請之08/5 80,771「真實顏色平面顯示器單元(True Color Flat Panel Display Module)」,及 9/22/98發證之美國專利第 5,812,105號「LED點陣驅動方法及裝置(LED Dot Matrix Drive Method and Apparatus)」之部分。 已於圖式及說明書中揭示本發明之典型具體實施例,且 雖然使用特定的術語’但其僅係以一般的說明性意義使用 ’而非要作限制用,本發明之範圍係記述於以下之申請專 利範圍中。 【J式簡輩說明1 圖1係以氮化鎵為主之發光二極體的照片; 圖2係圖1之以氮化鎵為主之發光二極體之第二個稍微再 加以放大的照片; 圖3係根據本發明之LED之立體示意圖; 圖4係加入本發明之二極體之[ED燈的示意圖; 圖5係濺鍍室之示意圖; 圖6係一者利用PECVD SlN沈積處理及另一者利用濺鍍 SiN處理心LED晶粒之Vf對退火溫度的圖。 I 戈表符號說明】 10 二極體 11 基材 12 緩衝結構 85299 -21 - 1253185 13 活性區域 14 接觸層 15 > 16 金屬接觸 17 純化層 20 燈 21 透鏡 22 金屬引線框 100 濺鍍室 101 半導體裝置 23、 102 陽極 103 室 104 惰性氣體 105 閥 24 ^ 106 陰極 107 電極 110 正離子 112 陰極原子 85299 -22 -
Claims (1)
1253185 第092113084號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本年6月) 拾、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種發光二極體,其可以正常的方式封裝,且將可成功 地承又正g及鬲溫和高濕度條件一段時間足以使裳置 可用於各式各樣之商業應用中,該二極體包括: 一第III族氮化物活性區域; 一在該活性區域上之p型第ΙΠ族氮化物接觸層; 一在該Ρ型接觸層上之金屬接觸;及 一在孩金屬接觸上之濺鍍沈積之氮化矽組合物鈍化 層。 2.如申請專利範圍第丨項之發光二極體,其中該氮化矽組 合物係為非化學計量。 3·如申請專利範圍第2項之發光二極體,其中該氮化矽組 合物係碎缺乏。 4·如申請專利範圍第丨項之發光二極體,其中該接觸層包 括氮化鎵,及該金屬接觸夠薄而為半透明。 5 ·如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該鈍化層具 有約1000埃之厚度。 6.如申請專利範圍第1項之發光二極體,其進一步包括: 一碳化矽基材; 一該基材之歐姆接觸;及 一在该基材上用於支承該活性區域之緩衝結構。 如申請專利範圍第6項之發光二極體,其中該基材係為n 型,及該對基材之歐姆接觸係為鎳。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之發光二極體,其中該金屬接觸 1253185 及該純化層實質上不會互相反應,且其彼此係充分地黏 著。 9_如申請專利範圍第1項之發光二極體,其中該金屬接觸 係選自由鉑、鈀、金、鈦及金之組合、鉑及金之組合、 献、銘及金之組合、及鉑及錮錫氧化物之組合所組成之 群。 I 0.如申請專利範圍第1項之發光二極體,其中該金屬接觸 包括銷。 II · 一種顯示器,其包含複數個如申請專利範圍第1項之發 光二極體。 12· —種像素,包括: 一在可見光譜之藍色部分中發射之如申請專利範圍 第1項之發光二極體; 一紅色發光二極體;及 一綠色發光二極體。 13· —種發光二極體(led)燈,包括: 一塑膠透鏡;及 一如申請專利範圍第1項之發光二極體,其中該活性 區域包括一具有P型第ΙΠ族氮化物接觸層之第ΠΙ族氮化 物兴接面二極體。 14.如申請專利範圍第13項之LED燈,其中該第m族氮化物 接觸層包括氮化鎵。 1 5 ·如申睛專利範圍第6項之發光二極體,包括: 一在該緩衝結構上之η型氮化鎵磊晶層; 85299-940602.doc 1253185 一 η型第III族氮化物活性區域; 在忒活性區域上之P型氮化鎵接觸層;及 在# P型氮化鎵接觸層上之銘接觸。 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 如申請專利範圍第丨5項之發光二極體,其中該碳化矽基 材係具有選自由碳化矽之3C、4H、6H、及15R多型 (polytypes)所組成之群之多型的單晶。 如申請專利範圍第15項之發光二極體,其中該基材係為 η型。 如申請專利範圍第1 5項之發光二極體,其中該活性區域 係選自由單一異結構、雙重異結構、單一量子井及多量 子井所組成之群。 如申請專利範圍第17項之發光二極體,其中該基材上之 歐姆接觸包括鎳。 如申請專利範圍第1 5項之發光二極體,其中該濺鍍沈積 之氮化矽組合物係選自由Si3N4、矽及氮之非化學計量組 合物、及其組合所組成之群。 一種製造發光二極體之方法,包括: 在一基材上形成一緩衝層; 在緩衝層上形成一活性區域; 在活性區域上形成一 p型接觸層; 在接觸層上形成一金屬接觸;及 在金屬接觸上濺鍍沈積一層氮化矽組合物。 如申請專利範圍第2 1項之方法,包括自經摻雜Mg之GaN 形成接觸層。 85299-940602.doc 1253185 23. 如申請專利_第22項之方法,包括在大於彻。c之溫 度下沈積氮化矽組合物層。 24. 如申請專利範圍第21項之方法,包括在約叫/分鐘之賤 鍍速率下沈積氮化矽組合物。 2 5 ·如申請專利範圍第2 1項之古、、土 ,, 固罘貝乏万去,包括將氮化矽組合物層 沈積至約1000埃厚之厚度。 26.如中請專利範圍第21項之方法,包括在低於㈣毫托爾 (mTorr)之環境壓力下⑽沈積氮切組合物層。 27·如申請專利範圍第以項之方法, ,^ *包括在約10-20毫托爾之 環境壓力下濺鍍沈積氮化矽組合物層 28.如申請專利範圍第2丨項之方、去 曰 之環境壓力下賤鑛沈積氮化(二括在約8(M0。毫托爾 29·如申請專利範圍第21項之方法、且合物層。 80-100毫托爾之環境壓力下磯 包括在室溫下及在約 _洗積氮化矽組合物層。 85299-940602.doc 1253185 第092113084號專利申請案 中文圖式替換頁(94年6月)
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WO (1) | WO2003098712A2 (zh) |
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2002
- 2002-05-14 US US10/145,222 patent/US6825501B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-05-14 AT AT03736594T patent/ATE451722T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-14 WO PCT/US2003/014990 patent/WO2003098712A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-05-14 EP EP09173624.9A patent/EP2144307B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-05-14 CN CN038107384A patent/CN100407449C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-05-14 JP JP2004506104A patent/JP2005526403A/ja active Pending
- 2003-05-14 DE DE60330452T patent/DE60330452D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-05-14 KR KR10-2004-7018346A patent/KR20050005479A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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ATE451722T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
WO2003098712A2 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
US20050095737A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 |
US7125737B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 |
EP2144307A2 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
EP2144307A3 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
TW200408146A (en) | 2004-05-16 |
CA2485640A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
DE60330452D1 (de) | 2010-01-21 |
JP2010016409A (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
US7473938B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
EP1509956B1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
CN100407449C (zh) | 2008-07-30 |
AU2003237835A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
US20030201453A2 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
KR20050005479A (ko) | 2005-01-13 |
EP2144307B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
US6825501B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 |
CN1653625A (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
WO2003098712A3 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
EP1509956A2 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
JP2005526403A (ja) | 2005-09-02 |
US20070085104A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
US20030025121A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
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