TW562694B - Catalytic composition and a process for oligomerising ethylene, in particular to 1-hexene - Google Patents

Catalytic composition and a process for oligomerising ethylene, in particular to 1-hexene Download PDF

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TW562694B
TW562694B TW089127720A TW89127720A TW562694B TW 562694 B TW562694 B TW 562694B TW 089127720 A TW089127720 A TW 089127720A TW 89127720 A TW89127720 A TW 89127720A TW 562694 B TW562694 B TW 562694B
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Dominique Commereuc
Sebastien Drochon
Lucien Saussine
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Inst Francais Du Petrole
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Description

562694
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(1 本發明係關於一種寡聚化乙烯以製備特別爲i _己晞之方 法,及關於所使用該觸媒組合物。 自乙烯製備α -烯烴之方法通常會產生一系列含4至3 〇個 碳原子(且甚至超過3 〇個碳原子)之寡聚物,然後經由蒸餾 分離該烯烴。在過去數年内對於低碳數烯烴(本質上爲i _ 丁晞’ 1 -己烯及1 -辛烯)之需要已增加;其特別可以與乙 烯一起作爲共單體以製備直鏈低密度聚乙烯。 只有幾種觸媒可選擇性導致特定聚合物之形成,當使用 以鈥爲主之觸媒聚合乙晞以產生丁烯_丨時,通常就是這 才永。然而,已知以絡爲主之觸媒可導致主要之1 _己晞之形 成,且有少許聚乙烯形成,該產物中該丁烯與辛晞之比例 很低(R· M· Manyik,w. E. Walker*,Τ· P. Wilson,j· Catal·, 1977, 47, 197及J. R· Briggs,J· Chem. Soc·,Chem. Commun. 1989, 674及列舉之參考資料)。在以下專利中已申請適用 於具少許選擇性乙烯三聚化反應之觸媒,例如,美國專利 US-A-5 198 563,US-A-5 288 823,US-A-5 382 738,歐洲 專利 ΕΡ-Α-0 608 447,ΕΡ-Α-0 61 1 743及ΕΡ-Α-0 614 865。此 種觸媒可以自鉻鹽及金屬醯胺(尤其吡咯)製成。其它觸媒 使用具有整合膦之鋁氧烷與鉻複合物(US_A_5 55q 3Q5)。 法國專利FR-A-2 764 524描述一種經由混合至少一種鉻 化合物與至少一種鋁芳氧基化合物及至少—種烴基鋁化合 物以製成觸媒組合物之方法,且該組合物對於經由乙烯寡 聚化反應以形成丁晞·丨及/或1 _己烯具有特定選擇性。 現在頃發現經由混合至少一種鉻化合物與至少一種含一 -4 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) -I Ί ^----------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 562694 A7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社也製 個選自包括鎂趣及鋇之^㈣之芳氧基化合物及至 少一種烴基鋁化合物所製成之觸媒組合物對於經由乙烯寡 聚化所形成之1 -己烯具有特定選擇性。 更準確地説,該觸媒係經由混合以下各組份所製成·· •至少一種鉻化合物,其可含有一或多種選自包括鹵化 物,酸根,乙醯基丙酮根,烷氧基及芳氧基陰離子 之相同或不同陰離子; •土少一種選自經由鍰,鈣,锶及鋇形成之基團之含元 素Μ方氧基化合物,其通式爲M(R〇)2nXn,其中R〇爲 含6至80個碳原子之芳氧基,χ爲鹵素或含1至3〇個碳 原子之烴基,且η爲〇至2之整數; •至少一種選自烴基鋁化合物之鋁化合物,其通式爲 A1R’m Y3-m,其中R1爲含1至6個碳原子之烴基,γ爲氣 或溴原子,且m爲丨至3値[亦即,三(烴基卜鋁化合 物’鼠化或溴化烴基銘化合物]及铭氧燒。 該鉻化合物可以是一種鉻(11)或鉻(111)鹽,而且可以是具 有不同氧化數之鹽,其可含有一或多個相同或不同陰離 子,例如,_化物,羧酸根,乙醯基丙酮根或烷氧基或芳 氧基陰離子。較佳使用在本發明中之該鉻化合物爲鉻(Ιπ) 複合物,因爲其更容易獲得,但是鉻⑴化合物或鉻(π)化 合物亦適合。 經由與含有機氧之化合物(例如,酸,I旨)或選自醋酸酉旨 及縮酮(後者得自醚或酮與單醇或多元醇之縮合反應)之化 合物(例如,2,2-二(2-乙基己氧基)丙烷)複合可以有利地 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 丨 ΙΊ5 --------^--------- rtt先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁} 562694 A7 五 、發明說明(3 ) 使所選定該絡化合物溶解在烴介質中。 该含有元素Μ之芳氧基化合物係選自經由鎂,鈣,鳃及 鎖形成之基團,其通式爲M(R〇)2 nXn,其中R〇爲含6至8〇 個碳原子之芳氧基,X爲鹵素(氯或溴)或含1至3〇個碳原 子之直鏈或分支鏈烴基,例如,烷基,環烷基,烯基,芳 基’芳燒基,經取代芳基或經取代環烷基,較佳爲含2至 1 〇個碳原子之烴殘基,且η爲〇至2之整數。 車父佳之含元素Μ芳氧基化合物含有一個具以下通式之芳 氧基RO :
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 其中Ri,R2,R3,&及Rs(其可相同或不同)各表示氫原 子,_原子或烴基,例如,烷基,環烷基,烯基,芳基, 或芳烷基,經取代芳基或環烷基,較佳含1至丨6個碳原子 (更佳含1至1 0個碳原子)之烴基。Ri,h,I,心及心之非 限制實例爲甲基,乙基,正_丙基,異丙基,正-丁基,第 二-丁基,環己基,苄基,笨基,2_甲基苯基,2,6_二曱基 苯基,2,4,6-三甲基苯基,或2_甲基苯基丙4_基殘基。 可列舉之較佳芳氧基非限制實例爲:4 _苯基苯氧基,2 _ 苯基苯氧基,2,6-二苯基苯氧基,2,4,6-三苯基苯氧基, 2,3,5,6-四苯基苯氧基,2-第三-丁基_6_苯基苯氧基, ▼裝--------訂---------線* -6- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 562694 五、發明說明(4 ) 二-第三-丁基-6-苯基苯氧基,2,6_二異丙基苯氧基,“ 二甲基苯氧基,2,6_二·第三_ 丁基苯氧基,4_甲基_2紅- 第二-丁基本氧基’ 2,6 -二氣-4 -第二丁其癸&甘 、 乳H罘一-丁基参虱基及2,6-二 漠-4-第三-丁基苯氧基,。當該含元素狀芳氧基化合物 選自具通式爲戦0)2之芳基氧化物時,該兩個芳氧基可以 由相同分子攜帶’例如,該雙苯氧基,該萘氧基或^ 8_ 茶-二氧基,其可或可不被一或多個燒基,芳基或画基取 代0 该M(RO)2-nXn化合物之製法在該文獻中係已知。任—種 製備該化合物之方法皆適合,例如,在有機溶劑(例如, 烴或醚)中使酚ROH與二烷基金屬元素反應。 使用在本發明中之該鋁化合物係爲選自烴基鋁(三(烴基) 鋁化合物,氣化或溴化烴基鋁化合物)及鋁氧烷。該二(炉 基)鋁化合物及氣化或溴化烴基鋁化合物由通式A1R^卫 表示,其中R’爲烴基,較佳爲含6個碳原子之烷基,^ 馬氯或溴原子,較佳爲氣原子,且m爲丨至3値。可以列舉 之非限制實例爲:二氣乙基鋁,乙基倍半氣化鋁,三異; 基銘及甲基鋁氧烷。該較佳烴基鋁化合物爲三乙基銘。 可以在含至少一種飽和烴(例如,己烷,環己燒,庚 烷,丁烷或異丁烷),至少一種不飽和烴(例如,單烯烴戈 例如,含4至2 0個碳原子之二烯烴),及/或至少_種芳族 烴(例如,苯,甲苯,鄰-二甲苯,茉或乙基苯)之溶 使該觸媒各組份互相接觸。 該觸媒溶液中該鉻濃度範圍在1 X 10-5莫耳/升至〇 i莫耳 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 x 297公釐 --------------------------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 562694 A7 --~~--___ 五、發明說明(5 ) '— /升之内,幸交佳在5Χ10·5莫耳/升至1χ1〇.2莫耳/升之内。亏 含元素Μ之芳氧基化合物與該路化合物之莫耳比爲ι:ι = 3 0 ’ 1軚佳爲1 : 1至2 0 : 1。該烴基鋁與該鉻化合物之莫耳 比在1:1至35:1範圍内,較佳在1:1至15:1範圍内。 混合該觸媒溶液之三種组份之順序並不重要。然而,, 絡化合物較佳首先與該含元素乂之芳氧基化合物混合,然 後添加該烴基鋁化合物。 μ 可以於〇.5至15 MPa(較佳1至8 Mpa)總壓及2〇。〇至18〇乇 (較佳50 C至160°C)溫度下進行該乙烯寡聚化反應。 在如上述製法之該觸媒寡聚化反應之特定批式操作法 中,將固足答量如上述方法製成之該觸媒溶液導入具有常 用攪拌,加熱及冷卻裝置之反應器内,然後以乙烯加壓至 所要壓力,並調整該溫度至所要値。接著經由導入乙烯使 茲寡聚化反應器保持於恆壓下,直到所製成該液體總體積 爲該原來導入觸媒溶液體積之例如,2至5〇倍爲止。然後 經由热悉本技藝者已知之任何常用方法破壞該觸媒,並萃 取且離析該反應產物及溶劑。 就連續操作法而言,較佳進行以下步驟:將該觸媒與該 乙烯同時注入反應器内,並經由習用機械方法或經由外循 環進行攪拌,然後保持於該所要溫度下。亦可以分別將各 該觸媒注入該反應介質内,以製造例如,該鉻化合物與該 含元素Μ之芳氧基化合物及該烴基鋁化合物之相互作用產 物。乙晞係經由壓力控制入口閥導入,其可使該壓力保持 怔疋。使用液體含量控制閥取出該反應混合物以使該液體 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -ΙΊ.#裝--------訂---------線^" (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)

Claims (1)

  1. 5ΈΤ6^-「公
    六、申請專利範圍^ " 一^— 種觸媒組合物’其特徵為該組合物係經由混合以下各 組份獲得: •至少一種鉻化合物; •土少一種選自經由鎂,鈣,鳃及鋇形成之基團之含元 素Μ芳氧基化合物,其通式為M(R〇)2nXn,其中^為 含6至80個碳原子之芳氧基,χ為含1至3〇個碳原子之 烴基,且n為〇至2之整數;及 •至少一種選自包括三(烴基)鋁化合物及氯化或溴化烴 基鋁化合物之鋁化合物,其通式為,其中r, 為含1至6個碳原子之烴基,γ為氯或溴原子,且爪為1 至3之值,及鋁氧烷。 2·根據申請專利範圍第丨項之組合物,其特徵為該鉻化合 物含有一或多個選自包括自化物,羧酸根,乙醯基丙酮 根’及坑氧基或芳氧基陰離子之相同或不同陰離子。 3·根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之組合物,其特徵為該通式 Μ(ΙΙΟ)2·ηΧη之含元素Μ之該芳氧基化合物中該芳氧基11〇 具有以下通式:
    其中Ri,R2,R3,I及Rs(其可相同或不同)表示氫原子 鹵原‘子或含1至1 6個碳原子之烴基。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 562694 A BCD 申請專利範圍 4.根據申請專利範圍第1至2項任一項之組合物,其特徵為 該含之芳氧基化合物為雙(2,6二苯基苯氧基)鎮, 雙(4第一-丁基_2,6 -二苯基苯氧基)鎂,雙第三-丁 基-6-苯基苯氧基)鎂,雙(2,6_二·第三_ 丁基苯氧基)鎂 或雙(2,4-二-第三_ 丁基苯基苯氧基)鎂。 5·根據申請專利範圍第1至2項任一項之組合物,其特徵為 忑烴基鋁化合物為二氯乙基鋁,乙基倍半氯化鋁,氯二 乙基鋁,氯二異丁基鋁,三乙基鋁,三丙基鋁,三異丁 基鋁或甲基鋁氧烷。 ” 根據申π專利範圍第1至2項任一項之組合物,其特徵為 違煙基鋁化合物為三乙基鋁。 7.根據申請專利範圍第丨至2項任一項之組合物,其特徵為 在含至少一種飽和烴,至少一種不飽和烯系或二烯系烴 及/或至少一種芳族烴之溶劑中使該觸媒之各組份接 觸。 8·根據申請專利範圍第1至2項任一項之組合物,其特徵為 邊觸媒溶液中該鉻濃度在1 X 1〇·5莫耳/升至0·1莫耳/升之 範圍内。 9·根據申凊專利範圍第1至2項任一項之組合物,其特徵為 孩含元素Μ之芳氧基化合物與該鉻化合物之莫耳比為 1 . 1至3 0 : 1,且該烴基鋁化合物與該絡化合物之莫耳比 為 1 : 1 至 3 5 : 1。 1〇.根據申請專利範圍第1至2項任一項之組合物,其係用於 進行乙缔寡聚化之方法。 中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 x 297公复) 8 8 8 8 A B c D 562694 々、申請專利範圍 11.根據申請專利範圍第10項之組合物,其特徵為該乙烯寡 聚化反應係於0.5至15 MPa壓力及2 0°C至180°C溫度下進 行0 -3- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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