TW531906B - CMOS image sensor capable of increasing punch-through voltage and charge integration of photodiode, and method for forming the same - Google Patents
CMOS image sensor capable of increasing punch-through voltage and charge integration of photodiode, and method for forming the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
531906 五、發明說明(1 ) 發明背景 發領域域 本發明係有關一種用於製造CMO S影像感測器的方法 。特別是,本發明係有關一種能夠增加光電二極體之衝 穿電壓^及電荷累積的C Μ Ο S影像感測器,及其形成方法。 相關技術說明 CMOS影像感測器指的是一種用於將光學影像轉換成 電氣信號的裝置。也就是說,CMOS影像感測器會回應 可見光,並將如是形成的信號電子轉換成電壓。 用來召回影像,將CMOS影像感測器廣泛地應用在相 機、醫療儀器、監控裝置、各種定位及感測用的工業設 備以及玩具之類上。這類裝置係以低電壓加以驅動,故 在大多數例子裡使用單一晶片就足夠了。據此,逐漸擴 展了用於這類感測器的應用領域。 於該CMOS影像感測器中,形成其數目如像素那麼多 的CMOS電晶體,並採用一種切換方法以便逐一檢查其 輸出。 較之習知設計已廣泛地應用的CMOS影像感測器,該 CMOS影像感測器中的驅動方法是很簡單的,且能夠施 行多樣性的掃瞄方法而將該信號處理電路封裝於單一晶 片內。據此,不僅能夠使產品微型化而且能夠達成極高 的相容性,其結果是降低了製造成成以及功率消耗。 第1圖係用以顯示一種由包含四個電晶體及兩個電容 器之習知CMOS影像感測器構成之單元像素的電路圖。 531906
五、發明說明(2) 也就是說,其中含有當作光電-感測機制的光電二極體以 及四個NMOS電晶體。 這四個NMOS電晶體係扮演著下列角色。轉移電晶體 Tx會將光電二極體PD的光電電荷帶到浮動擴散區上。 重設電晶體Rx會從該浮動擴散區釋放出電荷以便使吾 人能夠偵測各信號。驅動電晶體Dx會扮演著源極隨耦 器的角色,而選擇電晶體Sx則會施行切換及位址訂定 作業。 於該附圖中,符號Cf指的是該浮動擴散區的電容而 Cp指的是該光電二極體的電容。如是構成的影像感測器 係依下列方式而操作的。首先,重設電晶體Rx並打開 該轉移電晶體Tx及選擇電晶體Sx,因此重設了單元像 素。 在這種條件下,該光電二極體PD會開始空乏且會於 電容Cp內發生載子充塡作用,而使該浮動擴散區內的 電容Cf電荷累積到供應電壓Vdd上。然後,打開該選 擇電晶體Sx而關掉該重設電晶體Rx。 此作業中,係從單元像素的輸出端子(Out)讀取輸出電 壓V 1並將之儲存於緩衝器內。然後打開該轉移電晶體 Tx,如是將電容Cp上已因可見光強度受到影響的載子 移到電容Cf上。從該端子(Out)讀取輸出電壓V2並將兩 個電壓之間的差(VI-V2)從類比資料轉換成數位資料轉 ,因此完成了該單元像素的作業週期。現在將要參照第 2A到2C圖說明用於轉移電晶體、光電二極體及該CCD -4- 531906 五、發明說明(4) 該浮動擴散區之間的電位障壁,且因此減少了電荷積分 期間在該光電二極體內的電荷累積量額。此外,若未在 形成該光電二極體時設計好其自動校準功能,則可能在 方法上發生變化。 發明槪述 本發明意圖克服該習知技術的上述缺點。
因此,本發明的目的在於提供一種CMOS影像感測器 及其製造方法,其中增加了該轉移電晶體的衝穿電壓, 提高了該光電二極體與該浮動擴散區之間於該轉移電晶 體之關閉期間的電位障壁以便增加該光電二極體的電荷 累積量額,且該光電二極體係在未求助自行對齊式離子 佈植法下形成的。
在達成上述目的時,一種含有將電荷從光電二極體傳 輸到根據本發明之浮動擴散區的CMOS影像感測器係包 含:半導體基板;該轉移電晶體的閘極電極,該閘極電 極係形成於該半導體基板上;光電二極體,係包含具有 第一導電型式的第一雜質區和具有第二導電型式的第二 雜質區’該兩區係形成於該閘極電極的某一端點上且係 落在該半導體基板之內;浮動擴散區,係包含具有第一 導電型式的第三雜質區,該第三雜質區係形成於該閘極 電極的另一端點上且係落在該半導體基板之內;以及具 有第一導電型式的第四雜質區,係形成於該閘極電極以 下且係落在該半導體基板之內,且係與該光電二極體及 該浮動擴散區隔離開。 531906 五、發明說明(5) 依另一槪念,本發明係包含一種用於形成C Μ Ο S影像 感測器的方法,其中該C Μ Ο S影像感測器內具有用於將 電荷從光電二極體轉移到浮動擴散區上之轉移電晶體, 該方法係包含下列步驟:於半導體基板之光電二極體形 成區內形成具有第一導電型式的第一雜質區;於半導體 基板之轉移電晶體區內形成具有第二導電型式的第二雜 質區;於半導體基板上形成鬧極絕緣膜以及該轉移電晶 體的閘極電極,該閘極電極的一部分會與該第二雜質區 重疊;於半導體基板之該第一雜質區上形成具有第二導 電型式的第三雜質區;以及於與該光電二極體區隔離開 且跨越該閘極電極處形成具有第一導電型式的浮動擴散 區 ° 依又一槪念,本發明係包含一種用於形成C Μ Ο S影像 感測器的方法,其中該CMOS影像感測器內具有用於將 電荷從光電二極體轉移到浮動擴散區上之轉移電晶體, 該方法係包含下列步驟:形成第一離子佈植遮罩以便於 半導體基板內定義出光電二極體形成區;藉由施行離子 佈植法以便於半導體基板內形成具有第一導電型式的第 一雜質區;去除該第一離子佈植遮罩;形成第二離子佈 植遮罩以便於該半導體基板上定義出轉移電晶體區;藉 由施行離子佈植法以便於該半導體基板內形成具有第二 導電型式的第二雜質區;去除該第二離子佈植遮罩;於 該半導體基板上形成閘極絕緣膜以及該轉移電晶體的閘 極電極,該閘極電極的一部分會與該第二雜質區重疊; 531906 五、發明說明(6) 於該半導體基板之該第一雜質區上形成具有第二導電型 式的第三雜質區;以及於該半導體基板內與該光電二極 體隔離開且跨越該閘極電極處形成具有第一導電型式的 浮動擴散區。 於本發明中,該C Μ Ο S影像感測器的特徵爲將p型雜 質區形成於該半導體基板內轉移電晶體的閘極電極之下。 此外於本發明中,吾人能夠在不受限於自行對齊且因 此禁制了任何處理上的變化下施行該製造方法。也就是 說,必須於某一設計中將具有2 0 0 k e V或更高之光電二 極體的η型雜質區形成於很深的深度內,以便能夠克服 由自行對齊造成的通路效應。 此外,吾人係將Ρ型雜質區形成於該半導體基板內轉 移電晶體的閘極電極之下,且因此提高了該光電二極體 與該浮動擴散區之間的電位障壁。也就是說,增加了兩 區之間的電位差,其結果是增加了該光電二極體的電荷 儲存容量。 圖式簡單說明 本發明的上述及其他優點將會因爲以下參照所附圖示 對顯示用實施例的詳細說明而變得更明顯。 第1圖係用以顯示一種習用CMOS影像感測器之單元 像素組成的電路圖。 第2A到2C圖係用以顯示用於製造該習知CMOS影像 感測器上轉移電晶體、光電二極體及浮動擴散區之方法 的截面圖示。 531906 五、發明說明(7) 第3A到3D圖係用以顯示用於製造一種根據本發明之 CMOS影像感測器上轉移電晶體、光電二極體及浮動擴 散區之方法的截面圖示。 第4A圖係用以顯示該習知CMOS影像感測器內電位 變化之模擬結果的曲線圖。 第4B圖係用以顯示該根據本發明之CMOS影像感測 器內電位變化之模擬結果的曲線圖。
較佳實施例的詳細說明 以下吾人將參照第3A到3D圖說明本發明的較佳實施 例。 首先如第3A圖所示,製備離子佈植遮罩以便於其上 已形成有裝置絕緣膜31之p型半導體基板30上定義出 一光電二極體形成區。然後藉由使用該遮罩形成第一光 阻圖案PR1,再施行離子佈植法以形成用於光電二極體 的η型雜質區32。
然後移除該第一光阻圖案且如第3 Β圖所示藉由使用 遮罩形成第二光阻圖案PR2以便定義出一轉移電晶體區 。然後施行諸如硼之類攙雜物的離子佈植法以形成ρ型 型雜質區33。 然後如第3 C圖所示,形成用於該轉移電晶體的閘極 絕緣膜3 4和閘極電極3 5,其方式是使該閘極電極3 5的 一部分與該ρ型雜質區33重疊。 然後如第3D圖所示,施行用於製造該CMOS影像感 測器的後處理。也就是說,形成絕緣空間層3 6、光電二
531906 五、發明說明(8) 極體P型雜質區37及n +型浮動擴散區38。 期間在將電壓供應到該轉移電晶體之閘極電極3 5上 時,會順應地將電壓供應到該光電二極體的n型雜質區 32上,其中該η型雜質區32係形成於比該η +型浮動擴 散區3 8更深處。 也就是說,若肇因於該Ρ型雜質區3 3而增高了該轉 移電晶體之臨限電壓,則該轉移電晶體無法扮演著本質 電晶體的角色,因此使用上述策略以便應付可能於操作 電壓滑落期間產生的問題。不過,若將該轉移電晶體建 造成像泵抽電路一般,則不需要將該ρ型雜質區33與 該光電二極體的η型雜質區32之間的距離Α列入考量。 期間,該n +型浮動擴散區3 8的濃度係明顯地高於該 P型雜質區33的濃度,且其操作特徵不致因爲該ρ型雜 質區.3 3而受到太大的影響◦而是,該η +型浮動擴散區 3 8的容量會因爲該ρ型雜質區3 3的形成而減小,且因 此增加了其轉換比例,其結果是能夠預期在靈敏度上獲 致改良。 於本發明的上述實施例中,係使該Ρ型雜質區3 3與 該光電二極體之間的距離Α大於該ρ型雜質區33與該 n +型浮動擴散區38之間的距離B。 第4A圖係用以顯示該習知CMOS影像感測器內電位 變化之模擬結果的曲線圖,且能夠將之與第4B圖中用 以顯示該根據本發明之CMOS影像感測器內電位變化之 模擬結果的曲線圖作比較。在電位分布上,各曲線之間 -10- 531906 五、發明說明(9) 的差異是0.1伏特。 於如第4A圖所示之習知影像感測器的例子裡該光 電二極體(PD)與該浮動擴散區(FD)之間的電位差是K2 ^ 伏特’而於如第4B圖所示本發明具有p型雜質區之影 像感測器中,該光電二極體與該浮動擴散區之間的電位 差會增高爲1 . 8伏特。 至於其處理上的變化,在用於該光電二極體之0.1微 米的處理容忍度上,習知影像感測器顯示出1.4伏特的 最大電位障壁以及0 · 9伏特的最小電位障壁,兩個數値 之間的差異是0 · 5伏特。與此相反地,根據本發明的影 像感測器顯示出2. 1伏特的最大電位障壁以及1 . 8伏特 的最小電位障壁,兩個數値之間的差異是0.3伏特。如 是於本發明中,明顯地增高了其最大和最小的電位障壁 値,而顯著地減小了兩個數値之間的差異。 如是較之那些使用習知自行對齊方法所得到的結果, 顯著地改良了根據本發明之光電二極體的特徵。也就是 說,若在不形成該P型雜質區33下未於該η型雜質區 32的形成作業中採用該自行對齊方法,則在0.1微米的 處理容忍度上其電位障壁的改變範圍是〇·5伏特,且因 此使不同像素之間的飽和電壓差變得太高,其結果是無 法管制整體的靈敏度特徵。 與此相反地,在如同本發明一般形成有該Ρ型雜質區 3 3的例子裡,使該最大和最小的電位障壁之間的差異減 小爲〇. 3伏特,且因此減少了其處理上的變化。據此於 531906 五、發明說明(10) 本發明中,吾人能夠增高其衝穿電壓及飽和電壓,而維 持各電位障壁之間的差異是類似於透過習知自行對齊方 法所得到的結果。 如上所述,根據本發明吾人能夠在不求助該自行對齊 方法下形成η型雜質區,且因此能夠於離子佈植期間減 少其處理上的變化。也就是說,在習知技術中以200eV 或更高之能量施行離子佈植法以形成該η型雜質區時會 發生退火的問題。本發明係藉由將ρ型雜質區形成於該 半導體基板內該電晶體的閘極電極以下而解決了這種退 火的問題。 此外’即使在縮短了該轉移電晶體的通路長度時吾人 也能夠強化其衝穿電壓。此外,提高了該光電二極體與 該浮動擴散區之間電位障壁,因此增加了該光電二極體 的電荷份量。 如同_h述說明’係以特定的較佳實施例以及各附圖爲 基礎說明本發明’但是很明顯的熟悉習用技術的人應該 能在不偏離本發明所附申請專利範圍所定義出之精神及 架構下各種改變及修正。 符號之說明 20,30 半導體基板 2 1,3 1 裝置絕緣膜 22,34 閘極絕緣膜 2 3,3 5 閘極電極 24 n型雜質區 -12- 531906 五、發明說明 :11) 25,36 絕緣空間層 26,33 P型雜質區 27 浮動擴散區 37 光電二極體P型雜質區 38 n +型浮動擴散區 Cf 電容 Cp 電容 PD 光電二極體 PR 光阻圖案 PR1 第一光阻圖案 PR2 第二光阻圖案 Rx 重設電晶體 S x 選擇電晶體 Tx 轉移電晶體 -13-
Claims (1)
- 531906 六、申請專利範圍 第90 1 3 3 1 76號「能增加光電二極體之衝穿電壓及電荷累 積的CMOS影像感測器,及其形成方法」專利案 (92年2月修正) 六、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種CMOS影像感測器,具有將電荷從光電二極體轉 移到浮動擴散區的轉移由晶體,包含: 半導體基板; 轉移電晶體的閘極電極,該閘極電極係形成於該 半導體基板上; 光電二極體,係包含具有第一導電型式的第一雜 質區和具有第二導電型式的第二雜質區,該兩區係 形成於該閘極電極的某一端點上且係落在該半導體 基板之內; 浮動擴散區,係包含具有第一導電型式的第三雜 質區,該第三雜質區係形成於該閘極電極的另一端 點上且係落在該半導體基板之內;以及 具有第一導電型式的第四雜質區,係形成於該閘 極電極以下且係落在該半導體基板之內,且係與該 光電二極體及該浮動擴散區隔離開。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之CMOS影像感測器,其中該 第四雜質區與該光電二極體之間的距離是大於該第 四雜質區與該浮動擴散區之間的距離。 〇如申請專利範圍第1項之CMOS影像感測器,其中該 531906 六、申請專利範圍 第一導電型式指的是p型而該第二導電型式指的是 η型。 4. 一種CMOS影像感測器的形成方法,其中該CMOS影 像感測器內具有用於將電荷從光電二極體轉移到浮 動擴散區之轉移電晶體,該方法包含下列步驟: 於半導體基板之光電二極體形成區之內形成具有 第一導電型式的第一雜質區; 於半導體基板之轉移電晶體區之內形成具有第二 導電型式的第二雜質區; 於半導體基板上形成閘極絕緣膜以及該轉移電晶 體的閘極電極,該閘極電極的一部分會與該第二雜 質區重疊; 於半導體基板之該第一雜質區上形成具有第二導 電型式的第三雜質區;以及 於與該光電二極體區隔離開且跨越該閘極電極處 形成具有第一導電型式的浮動擴散區。 5. —種CMOS影像感測器的形成方法,其中該CMOS影 像感測器內具有用於將電荷從光電二極體轉移到浮 動擴散區上之轉移電晶體’該方法係包含下列步驟 形成第一離子佈植遮罩以便在半導體基板內定義 出光電二極體形成區; 藉由施行離子佈植法以便於半導體基板內形成具 531906 六、申請專利範圍 有第一導電型式的第一植雜質區; 去除該第一離子佈植遮罩; 形成第二離子佈植遮罩以便於該半導體基板上定 義出轉移電晶體區; 藉由施行離子佈植法以便於該半導體基板內形成 具有第二導電型式的第二雜質區; 去除該第二離子佈植遮罩; 於該半導體基板上形成閘極絕緣膜以及該轉移電 晶體的閘極電極,該閘極電極的一部分會與該第二 雜質區重疊; 於該半導體基板之該第一雜質區上形成具有第二 導電型式的第三雜雜質區;以及 於該半導體基板內與該光電二極體區隔開且跨越 該閘極電極處形具有第一導電型式的浮動擴散區。 6.如申請專利範圍第4項之形成方法,其中該第二雜 質區與該光電二極體之間的距離是大於該第二雜質 區與該浮動擴散區之間的距離。 ?·如申請專利範圍第6項之形成方法,其中該第一導 電型式指的是η型而該第二導電型式指的是p型。 8.如申請專利範圍第6項之形成方法,其中該第二雜 質區係藉由施行硼(Β )的離子佈植而形成的。 9·如申請專利範圍第5項之形成方法,其中該第二雜 質區與該光電二極體之間的距離是大於該第二雜質 531906 六、申請專利範圍 區與該浮動擴散區之間的距離。 10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之形成方法,其中該 電型式指的是η型而該第二導電型式指的是! 11. 如申請專利範圍第9項之形成方法,其中該 質區係藉由施行硼(Β)的離子佈植而形成的。 弟一導 型。 第二雜
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TW402791B (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-08-21 | United Microelectronics Corp | Manufacture method of the metal-oxide semiconductor transistor |
JP3934827B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-30 | 2007-06-20 | 株式会社東芝 | 固体撮像装置 |
KR100331851B1 (ko) * | 1999-09-15 | 2002-04-09 | 박종섭 | 고체 촬상 소자 및 그의 제조방법 |
KR20010061353A (ko) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-07 | 박종섭 | 씨모스 이미지센서 및 그 제조방법 |
-
2001
- 2001-05-22 KR KR10-2001-0027923A patent/KR100381026B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-10-11 US US09/973,946 patent/US6570201B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-31 TW TW090133176A patent/TW531906B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2002
- 2002-04-10 JP JP2002108515A patent/JP3932399B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-03-20 US US10/391,798 patent/US6767312B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100381026B1 (ko) | 2003-04-23 |
US20020175355A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
US6570201B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 |
JP2002373978A (ja) | 2002-12-26 |
US20030173603A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
JP3932399B2 (ja) | 2007-06-20 |
US6767312B2 (en) | 2004-07-27 |
KR20020088881A (ko) | 2002-11-29 |
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