TW202136178A - 功能化織物組合物及物品 - Google Patents
功能化織物組合物及物品 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202136178A TW202136178A TW109143830A TW109143830A TW202136178A TW 202136178 A TW202136178 A TW 202136178A TW 109143830 A TW109143830 A TW 109143830A TW 109143830 A TW109143830 A TW 109143830A TW 202136178 A TW202136178 A TW 202136178A
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- ceramic material
- oxide
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 106
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 gamma Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 23
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本文提供功能化織物材料。織物表面之至少一部分包括陶瓷材料,諸如無膠結多孔結構陶瓷,且視需要,施加一或多種功能層,導致具有一或多種所需功能性質(諸如親水性、疏水性、阻燃性、光催化、防汙及/或除臭性質)之織物材料。
Description
本發明係關於織物,其包括陶瓷材料特定言之無膠結陶瓷諸如金屬氧化物及/或金屬氫氧化物陶瓷於織物表面上。該等織物係經修飾以包括在使用之應用或環境中提供增強之性質之一或多種功能。
織物表面之功能化提供關於織物鑒性能之所需益處。為實現抵抗各種環境條件並提供顯著性能增強之織物材料,必須研發新穎織物組合物。所需性能特性可藉由該織物表面之功能化提供。
本文提供包括功能化陶瓷材料於多孔基板上之組合物。
在一項態樣中,本文提供包括無膠結陶瓷材料於多孔基板上之組合物,諸如織物或過濾器材料。在一項實施例中,該基板包括平均孔徑小於約250 μm之孔,且基板上之陶瓷材料大體上不改變該基板之平均孔徑。在另一實施例中,該基板包括平均孔徑小於約250 μm之孔,且基板上之陶瓷材料部分或完全填充該基板之孔,藉此分別減小該基板之平均孔徑或消除該基板之孔。在一些實施例中,在該陶瓷材料沈積於該基板上前,該基板具有根據ASTM D737每分鐘約0.1立方呎(CFM)至約100 CFM之透氣性。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料主要係結晶質。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括金屬氧化物、金屬氧化物之水合物、金屬氫氧化物及/或金屬氫氧化物之水合物。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括金屬氫氧化物,及該金屬氫氧化物中之至少一部分包含層狀雙氫氧化物。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料係結構化陶瓷材料,諸如奈米結構化陶瓷材料。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料包括過渡金屬、II族元素、稀土元素、鋁、錫或鉛。例如,該陶瓷材料可包括鋅、鋁、錳、鎂、鈰、銅、釓、鎢、錫、鋅、鉛及鈷中之一或多者。在某些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括:氧化鋅及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鋅及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化錳及氧化鎂及/或氫氧化錳及氫氧化鎂之混合物;氧化錳及/或氫氧化錳;氧化及/或氫氧化鋁;混合金屬氧化錳及/或氫氧化錳;氧化鎂及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鎂及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鎂及/或氫氧化鎂;氧化鎂、氧化鈰及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鈰及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鋅、氧化鐠及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鋅、氫氧化鐠及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鈷及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鈷及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化錳及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化錳及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鈰及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鈰及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化銅及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化銅及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鋅及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鋅及氫氧化鋁之混合物;Zn-鋁酸鹽之混合物;包括含有Zn、Al及氧之一或多個相之混合物;氧化鋅及/或氫氧化物;或其上文化合物或混合物中任何一者之水合物。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料包括高達約25 μm之厚度,諸如約0.2 μm至約25 μm之厚度。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料包含約5%至約80%,諸如大於約10%或約30%至約95%之孔隙率。
在一些實施例中,多孔基板包含編織材料、針織材料、非編織織品或織物或紙或由其等構成。該多孔基板可包含(例如)聚醯胺、聚酯、棉、羊毛、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、纖維素材料、聚芳醯胺、聚胺基甲酸酯、活性碳、玻璃纖維、鋼合金、黃銅合金、鋁合金、鋁或銅或由其等構成。在各種實施例中,該多孔基板可為織物材料,其包含天然纖維、合成纖維、金屬網或金屬布或其組合或由其等構成。在一些實施例中,織物表面已(例如)在陶瓷材料沈積於基板上前經氧化、灰化或活化。在一實施例中,該基板係金屬化織物,其包括一或多種金屬,諸如(但不限於)鋁、鐵、鎳、鈦、不銹鋼或銅之合金於織物表面上。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料及/或可選表塗層(功能層)材料賦予組合物一或多種功能性質,諸如(但不限於)親水性、疏水性、阻燃性、光催化、防汙、除臭性質、抑制微生物生長、冰或冷凝物操作、防冰、防霜凍、超疏水性、超親水性、耐腐蝕性、電磁調製、熱調製、透氣性、動態抗風性及/或顏色。在某些實施例中,賦予該組合物之單一層(例如,織物、織品或過濾器材料之單一層)此等功能性質中之兩者或更多者。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料係由功能層進一步修飾。在一些實施例中,功能層(例如,表塗層)材料賦予之一或多種功能性質具有比由直接沈積於不包含陶瓷材料之相同織物表面上之相同表塗層材料賦予之相同功能性質更大之量級。例如,陶瓷材料及功能層材料可協同賦予之一或多種功能性質具有比由獨立沈積於相同織物表面上之該陶瓷材料或該功能層材料賦予之相同功能性質更大之量級。
在一些實施例中,功能層賦予疏水性質。例如,賦予組合物疏水性質之功能層可包括含氟聚合物、彈性體、塑膠或具有頭部基團及尾部基團之分子,例如,其中該頭部基團包括矽烷基、膦酸酯基、膦酸基、羧酸基、乙烯基、醇基、氫氧化物基、硫醇酯基及/或硫醇基,且其中該尾部基團包括烴基、氟碳基、乙烯基、苯基、環氧基、丙烯酸基、丙烯酸酯基、羥基、羧酸基、硫醇基及/或第四銨基。
在一些實施例中,基板上之陶瓷材料係部分填充之多孔結構。例如,該等孔可用第二陶瓷材料或用具有頭部基團及尾部基團之分子部分填充。
在一些實施例中,組合物顯示對小分子之黏附大於對生物分子或來自皮脂之組分(諸如(但不限於)三酸甘油酯、蠟酯、鯊烯及/或游離脂肪酸)之黏附。
在一些實施例中,組合物具有光催化性質,且黏附於表面之材料一經曝露於光即經光催化降解。
在一些實施例中,組合物顯示對耐用拒水物質之黏附大於不包含陶瓷材料之相同基板。
在另一態樣中,本文提供包括本文描述之組合物(包括功能化陶瓷材料於多孔基板上之組合物)中之任何一者之物品。在某些非限制性實施例中,物品包括過濾器、膜、衣物、外套、露營用具、管絕熱、地毯、汽車座椅、室內裝潢、床上用品、建築表面(例如,牆壁護套、地板護套或壁板)及窗簾。
在一些實施例中,如本文描述之組合物或物品可承受大於約1 kPa之靜水壓。
在一些實施例中,如本文描述之組合物或物品包括大於未經陶瓷材料(及在一些實施例中可選功能層)修飾之相同基板之蒸氣透過率之約80%之濕氣透過率。
在一些實施例中,如本文描述之組合物或物品包括大於約150度之不濡液滴水接觸角。
在一些實施例中,如本文描述之組合物或物品包括氧化錳陶瓷及烷基矽烷或烷基膦酸酯功能層。
相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案主張2019年12月12日申請之PCT申請案第PCT/US2019/065978號之優先權,且主張2020年3月13日申請之美國臨時申請案第62/989,092號、2020年3月13日申請之62/989,150、2020年6月12日申請之63/038,642、2020年6月12日申請之63/038,693及2020年6月16日申請之63/039,965之權益,其等中之所有均以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
本文提供包括陶瓷材料(諸如無膠結陶瓷材料)於多孔基板(諸如織物)上之組合物。在一些實施例中,該基板包括平均孔徑小於約250 μm之孔,且陶瓷大體上不改變該基板之平均孔徑。在其他實施例中,該基板包括平均孔徑小於約250 μm之孔,且該陶瓷部分或完全填充該等孔,藉此分別減小該基板之平均孔徑或消除該基板之孔。
本文提供技術織物,其等包括由織物表面上如本文描述之組合物賦予之所需功能性質,諸如(但不限於)親水性、疏水性、阻燃性、光催化、防汙、除臭性質、抑制微生物生長、冰或冷凝物操作、防冰、防霜凍、超疏水性、超親水性、耐腐蝕性、電磁調製、熱調製、透氣性、動態抗風性及/或顏色。在一些實施例中,該織物之單一層包括由該織物表面上如本文描述之組合物(陶瓷材料)賦予之此等功能性質中之兩者或更多者。
陶瓷(例如,多孔陶瓷(例如,金屬氧化物及/或金屬氫氧化物)表面修飾組合物)沈積於織物表面上。在一些實施例中,陶瓷(例如,結構化陶瓷)沈積於基板表面上,且提供一或多種功能性質之功能層(例如表塗層)沈積或施加於陶瓷材料上。
組合物係作為無膠結表面修飾材料提供於基板(諸如織物,例如,表面固定之陶瓷材料)之表面上。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括金屬氧化物及/或氫氧化物陶瓷,例如,單一金屬或混合金屬氧化物及/或氫氧化物陶瓷。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括金屬氫氧化物及/或氫氧化物陶瓷,例如,單一金屬或混合金屬氧化物及/或氫氧化物陶瓷。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括金屬氧化物及金屬氫氧化物陶瓷,其中該金屬氧化物及該金屬氫氧化物包括相同或不同之單一金屬或混合金屬。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括金屬氧化物及/或金屬氫氧化物陶瓷,其中該基板係由水或其他化合物水合導致改變表面能及可能該陶瓷之金屬氧化物與金屬氫氧化物組成之比率。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括金屬氫氧化物,其中該金屬氫氧化物中之至少一部分係呈層狀雙氫氧化物之形式,例如,該金屬氫氧化物之至少約5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%係層狀雙氫氧化物。
在本文描述之組合物之一些實施例中,「金屬氧化物」或「金屬氫氧化物」可分別呈金屬氧化物之水合物或金屬氫氧化物之形式,或該金屬氧化物或金屬氫氧化物之一部分可分別以金屬氧化物之水合物或金屬氫氧化物之形式。
混合金屬氧化物或混合金屬氫氧化物可分別包括(例如)多於一種金屬之氧化物或氫氧化物,該諸如(但不限於)鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、錳、鉻、鈦、釩、鋯、鉬、鉭、鋅、鉛、錫、鎢、鈰、鐠、釤、釓、鑭、鎂、鋁或鈣。
本文描述之表面修飾材料(例如,無膠結多孔陶瓷材料)係在無膠結之情況下沈積於基板(例如,藉由在該基板表面上與金屬反應產生)上。在一些實施例中,將如本文描述之表面修飾材料固定化於該基板上。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料係結構化(諸如奈米結構化)陶瓷材料。
無膠結陶瓷表面修飾材料之非限制性實例提供於PCT申請案第PCT/US19/65978號中,其係以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
定義
本文提供之數值範圍包括定義該範圍之數字。
除非內文另有明確規定,否則「一」、「一個」及「該」包括複數個參考物。
如本文用於說明書及申請專利範圍中之片語「及/或」應瞭解為意謂如此結合之元素中之「一者或兩者」,即,在一些情況下結合存在及在其他情況下析取存在之元素。除非另有明確相反指示,否則除由「及/或」字句明確識別之元素外,無論與經明確識別之彼等元素相關或無關,其他元素均可視需要存在。因此,作為一非限制性實例,對「A及/或B」之參考在結合諸如「包含」之開放式語言一起使用時在一項實施例中可係指A無B (視需要包括除B外之元素);在另一實施例中,係指B無A (視需要包括除A外之元素);在又另一實施例中,係指A及B (視需要包括其他元素);等」。
「黏合劑」或結合劑係將其他材料保持或吸引在一起以藉由黏附或內聚機械、化學地形成內聚整體之任何材料或物質。
「無膠結」係指缺乏黏合劑,尤其關於有機黏合劑或樹脂(例如,聚合物、膠黏劑、黏合劑、瀝青)或無機黏合劑(例如,石灰水泥、水泥玻璃、石膏等),特別添加其以維持所述材料之結構完整性。
「封端劑」係指減緩晶體生長且允許調節奈米表面之形態學之化合物或藥劑。
「陶瓷」係指包含金屬、非金屬或離子鍵及共價鍵之無機化合物之固體材料。
「織品」係指可自纖維構成並藉由化學、機械、熱量及/或溶劑處理結合在一起之非編織材料。織品可包括(例如)毛氈,及既非編織亦非針織之其他材料。
「纖維」係指可形成織物之線或細絲。
「親水」係指對水具有高親和力之表面。接觸角可非常低及/或不可估量。
「層狀雙氫氧化物」係指一類離子固體,其等特徵在於具有通用序列[AcB Z AcB]n
之層狀結構,其中c表示金屬陽離子之層,A及B係氫氧化物陰離子之層,及Z係其他陰離子及/或中性分子(諸如水)之層。層狀雙氫氧化物亦描述於PCT申請案第PCT/US2017/052120號中,其係以引用之方式併入本文中。
「奈米結構」組合物在本文中係指在至少一個維度上具有小於100奈米之特徵之組合物。
流體力學中之「滲透性」係多孔材料容許流體通過其之能力之量度。介質之滲透性係與孔隙率相關,但亦與該介質中該等孔之形狀及其等連通性水平相關。
「孔徑分佈」係指如藉由壓汞法(MIP)及沃什伯恩方程確定之各孔直徑或範圍或孔直徑之相對豐度。
「孔隙率」係材料中空隙(即,「空」)空間之量度,及係空隙之體積佔總體積之分數(0至1),或作為介於0%與100%之間之百分比。孔隙率可藉由壓汞法量測。
「多孔」係指固體材料內之空間、孔或空隙。
「超疏水」係指極難以用水潤濕之表面。水滴在超疏水材料(本文係超疏水表面)上之接觸角係指> 150°之接觸角。高度疏水接觸角係>120o
。
「每平方米預計基板面積之表面積」係指實際量測之表面積(通常以平方米量測)除以若基板係原子上光滑(無表面粗糙度)時之表面積(通常亦以平方米量測)。
「協同」或「協同作用」係指兩種或更多種物質、材料或藥劑間相互作用或協作以產生比其等單獨、個別效應之總和更大(正協同)或更小(負協同)之組合效應。
「織物」係指由天然或人造纖維之網路構成之可撓性材料。例如,織物材料可藉由通過針織、編織、氈合、簇絨或結合連接纖維或纖維之群組產生,其中纖維包含所有長度之天然及合成形式,包括金屬纖維。織物亦包括繩索及粗線。
「厚度」係指基板之表面與表面修飾(例如,陶瓷)材料之頂部間之長度。
「可調」係指材料之功能、特性或品質待改變或修飾之能力。
「蒸氣透過率」係指每單位面積每單位時間在與層平面正交之方向上通過該層之蒸氣之質量。
「水柱突破壓力」係指垂直水柱之特定高度,在該高度下,水柱底部由層經受之靜水壓克服該層支撐該水柱之能力,導致水流過該層。
基板
多孔材料(諸如織物材料或織品)充當用於沈積如本文描述之陶瓷材料之基板。例如,該基板可包含編織材料、針織材料、非編織織品或織物或紙。該基板可包括天然纖維、合成纖維、金屬網或金屬布或其組合。在某些非限制性實施例中,該基板包含聚合物(例如,聚醯胺(例如,耐綸)、聚酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯)、纖維素材料(例如,人造絲)、棉、羊毛、聚芳醯胺、活性碳、玻璃纖維、合金(例如,鋼、黃銅或鋁合金)或金屬(例如,鋁、銅)或由其等構成。
在一些實施例中,織物基板係金屬化織物。金屬化織物包括一或多種金屬,諸如(但不限於)鋁、鐵、鎳、鈦或銅或其組合於該織物表面上。在一項實施例中,該金屬化織物係經鋁金屬化。該織物表面上之金屬之厚度可為約25 nm至約2000 nm、約25 nm至約100 nm、約50 nm至約250 nm、約100 nm至約500 nm、約500 nm至約1000 nm、約1000 nm至約2000 nm、約750 nm至約1500 nm、約100 nm至約2000 nm或約500 nm至約2000 nm。
在一些實施例中,基板係在互連陶瓷材料沈積前經氧化、活化或灰化。在一些實施例中,此氧化步驟係藉由將該基板浸漬於氧化劑中進行。在一些實施例中,該氧化劑包括過硫酸鹽、過錳酸鹽、硝酸鹽或過氧化物。在一些實施例中,氧化劑浴係經加熱。在一些實施例中,過硫酸鉀、過錳酸鉀或過氧化氫係用於氧化該表面。在一些實施例中,該基板係使用UV/臭氧或電漿氧化、活化或灰化。在一些實施例中,氧電漿係用於氧化及/或活化該表面。
在一些實施例中,根據ASTM D737,基板之透氣性為每分鐘約0.1立方呎(CFM)至約100 CFM。在其他實施例中,該透氣性係約0.5 CFM、約1 CFM、約2 CFM、約5 CFM、約10 CFM、約20 CFM、約30 CFM、約40 CFM、約50 CFM、約60 CFM、約70 CFM、約80 CFM、約90 CFM或約100 CFM。在其他實施例中,該透氣性係約1 CFM至約5 CFM或約1 CFM至約20、約0.1 CFM至約0.5 CFM、約20 CFM至約50 CFM或約50 CFM至約100 CFM。在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料或功能化材料不改變該透氣性超過約20%。
功能化
如本文描述之多孔基板係包括一或多種所需功能性質之功能化農產品組合物(例如,技術織物或過濾器材料)。此等功能性質可包括(但不限於)疏水性、抑制或抵抗微生物生長、阻燃性、親水性、耐腐蝕性、冰或冷凝物操作、防冰、防霜凍、超疏水性、超親水性、耐腐蝕性、電磁調製、熱調製、透氣性、動態抗風性及/或顏色或其組合。
在一些實施例中,如本文描述之功能化基板(例如,織物)不包括氟碳化學品。在一些實施例中,如本文描述產生之功能化基板(例如,織物)包括多種所需性質(功能)於該基板之單一層中。在一些實施例中,如本文描述產生之功能化基板(例如,織物)包括功能化結構化陶瓷於包括天然或合成纖維之織物基板上。
在一些實施例中,沈積於基板上之陶瓷可經設計具有可用於賦予功能特性之所需孔隙率或開口分數,及提供用於沈積結構化陶瓷材料之結合表面。
在一些實施例中,將一或多種功能層(諸如表塗層材料)施加至結構化陶瓷材料,以賦予織物材料所需功能性質。一或多種功能性質可由結構化陶瓷及/或由施加之表塗層材料賦予。藉由本文描述之方法賦予織物之功能之非限制性實例包括疏水性、抑制微生物生長、阻燃性、親水性、耐腐蝕性、冰或冷凝物操作、防冰、防霜凍、超疏水性、超親水性、抑制微生物生長、耐腐蝕性、電磁調製、熱調製、透氣性、動態抗風性、氣味抵抗或消除(例如,除臭性質)及/或顏色及其組合。在一些實施例中,賦予該織物材料之單一層(即,多功能單一層織物)多種功能。
在一些實施例中,由施加或沈積於如本文描述之陶瓷上之表塗層材料賦予之功能性相對於施加或沈積於不包括陶瓷之相同基板上之相同之材料之功能性係經增強。在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料及表塗層材料協同賦予之一或多種功能性質具有比由獨立沈積於相同基板表面上之陶瓷材料或表塗層材料賦予之相同功能性質更大之量級。
在一些實施例中,疏水功能性係由硬脂酸或ScotchgardTM
(3M)提供。在一些實施例中,抗微生物功能性係由SmartShield抗微生物防護噴霧劑(Sylvane)提供。在一些實施例中,阻燃性功能性係由No Burn 1005織品防火(No-Burn, Inc.)或含有哈龍之化合物提供。在一些實施例中,親水功能性係由聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚環氧乙烷(PEO)或多醣材料提供。
在某些非限制性實施例中,表塗層可包括塗料、塗料黏合劑、疏水材料、親水材料、金屬或含有金屬之化合物或抗微生物劑。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷表面修飾材料係部分填充之多孔結構。例如,該等孔可用第二陶瓷材料(例如,不同於無膠結多孔陶瓷材料之陶瓷材料)或用具有頭部基團及尾部基團之分子部分填充,例如,其中該頭部基團包括矽烷基、膦酸酯基、膦酸基、羧酸基、乙烯基、醇基、氫氧化物基、硫醇酸酯基、硫醇基及/或銨基(例如,第四銨基),且其中該尾部基團包括烴基、氟碳基、乙烯基、苯基、環氧基、丙烯酸基、丙烯酸酯基、羥基、羧酸基、硫醇基及/或第四銨基。
在一些實施例中,表塗層係表面修飾之表塗層,其減小該表面上外部或內部流體之黏性阻力。在一些實施例中,將塗層沈積於包括奈米結構化塗料組合物及表面修飾之表塗層之表面上,其減小該表面上外部或內部流體之黏性阻力且進一步包括額外益處,諸如耐腐蝕性、耐結垢性、自清潔、傳熱特性、光學特性、化學惰性、其他有用性質或性質之組合。
在一些實施例中,表塗層係或含有抗微生物劑。例如,抗微生物劑可為電荷轉移化合物或破壞粒子跨細胞膜移動之藥劑(例如,第四胺)。在一些實施例中,該抗微生物劑係β-內醯胺、胺基糖苷、四環素、氯黴素、大環內酯、林可醯胺、磺醯胺、喹諾酮、多烯、唑或灰黃黴素。
在一些實施例中,表塗層係或含有塗料黏合劑。例如,該塗料黏合劑可為醇酸樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、乙烯基-丙烯酸樹脂、乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯(VAE)、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚酯、聚矽氧、多元醇、三聚氰胺樹脂、蠟、環氧樹脂、矽烷或油。
陶瓷材料
如本文描述之陶瓷材料(諸如結構化陶瓷材料)沈積於多孔基板之表面之至少一部分上。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料係奈米結構化陶瓷材料。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料係多孔的。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料係無膠結陶瓷材料,諸如無膠結奈米結構化陶瓷材料。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料係無膠結多孔陶瓷材料,諸如無膠結多孔奈米結構化陶瓷材料。
在一些實施例中,無膠結陶瓷材料包括:每平方米預計基板面積約1.5 m2
至100 m2
、約10 m2
至約1500 m2
或約70 m2
至約1000 m2
之表面積;每公克陶瓷材料約15 m2
至約1500 m2
、或約50 m2
至約700 m2
之表面積;約5 nm至約200 nm、約2 nm至約20 nm或約4 nm至約11 nm之平均孔徑;高達約100微米、高達約50微米、高達約25微米、高達約20微米或約0.2微米至約25微米之厚度;約5%至約95%、約10%至約90%、約30%至約70%、約30%至約95%或大於約10%之孔隙率;如藉由壓汞法測定之約100 mm3
/g至約7500 mm3
/g之空隙體積;或其任何組合。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料(例如,其金屬氧化物、金屬氫氧化物及/或水合物)包括鋅、鋁、錳、鎂、鈰、銅、釓、鎢、錫、鉛及鈷中之一或多者。在一些實施例中,該陶瓷材料包括過渡金屬、II族元素、稀土元素(例如,鑭、鈰、釓、鐠、鈧、釔、釤或釹)、鋁、錫、鋅或鉛。
在一些實施例中,無陶瓷表面修飾材料包括約0.5或1至約100微米、或約0.5微米至約20微米之厚度,或高達約50微米、或高達約25微米之厚度。在一些實施例中,該無膠結多孔陶瓷材料包括約0.2微米至約25微米之厚度。在一些實施例中,該厚度係至少約0.2、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24或25微米中之任何一者。在一些實施例中,該厚度係約0.2至約0.5、約0.5至約1、約1至約5、約3至約7、約5至約10、約7至約15、約10至約15、約12至約18、約15至約20、約18至約25、約0.5至約15、約2至約10、約1至約10、約3至約13、約0.5至約15、約0.5至約5、約0.5至約10或約5至約15微米中之任何一者。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷表面修飾材料包括每平方米預計基板面積約1.1 m2
至約100 m2
之表面積。在一些實施例中,該無膠結多孔陶瓷材料包括每平方米預計基板面積約10 m2
至約1500 m2
之表面積。在一些實施例中,該表面積係每平方米預計基板面積至少約10、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250、1300、1350、1400、1450或1500 m2
中之任何一者。在一些實施例中,該表面積係每平方米預計基板面積約10至約100、約50至約250、約150至約500、約250至約750、約500至約1000、約750至約1200、約1000至約1500、約70至約1000、約150至約800、約500至約900或約500至約1000 m2
中之任何一者。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料包括每公克陶瓷材料約15 m2
至約1500 m2
之表面積。在一些實施例中,該表面積係每公克陶瓷材料至少約15、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250、1300、1350、1400、1450或1500 m2
中之任何一者。在一些實施例中,該表面積係每公克陶瓷材料約15至約100、約50至約250、約150至約500、約250至約750、約500至約1000、約750至約1200、約1000至約1500、約50至約700、約75至約600、約150至約650或約250至約700 m2
中之任何一者。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷表面修飾材料係多孔的且包括在約2 nm至約50 nm之範圍內之中孔平均孔徑。在其他實施例中,該等平均孔徑在約50 nm至約1000 nm之範圍內。在一些實施例中,該無膠結多孔陶瓷材料包括約2 nm至約20 nm之平均孔徑。在一些實施例中,該平均孔徑係至少約2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20 nm中之任何一者。在一些實施例中,該平均孔徑係約2至約5、約4至約9、約5至約10、約7至約12、約9至約15、約12至約18、約15至約20、約4至約11、約5至約9、約4至約8或約7至約11 nm中之任何一者。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷表面修飾材料係多孔的,具有約5%至約95%之孔隙率。在一些實施例中,該孔隙率可為至少約或大於約5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%中之任何一者。在一些實施例中,該孔隙率係約10%至約90%、約30%至約90%、約40%至約80%或約50%至約70%。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷表面修飾材料係多孔的,具有約1至10,000毫達西之滲透性。在一些實施例中,該滲透性可為至少約1、10、100、500、1000、5000或10,000毫達西中之任何一者。在一些實施例中,該滲透性係約1至約100、約50至約250、約100至約500、約250至約750、約500至約1000、約750至約2000、約1000至約2500、約2000至約5000、約3000至約7500、約5000至約10,000、約1至約1000、約1000至約5000或約5000至約10,000毫達西。
在一些實施例中,陶瓷材料係多孔的且如藉由壓汞法測定,包括約100 mm3
/g至約7500 mm3
/g之空隙體積。在一些實施例中,該空隙體積係至少約100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000、1500、2000、2500、3000、3500、4000、4500、5000、5500、6000、6500、7000或7500 mm3
/g中之任何一者。在一些實施例中,該空隙體積係約100至約500、約200至約1000、約400至約800、約500至約1000、約800至約1500、約1000至約2000、約1500至約3000、約2000至約5000、約3000至約7500、約250至約5000、約350至約4000、約400至約3000、約250至約1000、約250至約2500、約2500至約5000或約500至約4000 mm3
/g中之任何一者。
陶瓷沈積層可經設計以賦予一或多種功能特性及為功能化層諸如表塗層提供結合表面。
使用之應用
如本文描述之經修飾之基板(例如,織物)包括在使用之系統或應用中增強性能之一或多種功能性質。
例如,經修飾之基板可顯示對生物分子或皮脂之組分(例如,三酸甘油酯、蠟酯、鯊烯及/或脂肪酸)之黏附大於對小分子(例如,低分子量(例如,小於900 Da及/或尺寸1 nm或更小)有機化合物諸如藥物或抗生素)之黏附。此組合物可(例如)以繃帶(例如,石膏襯墊)之形式提供,其經預先塗覆藥物或殺生物劑且不聚集來自身體油(皮脂)之氣味。
在另一實例中,基板係經功能化以具有光催化性質,且黏附於表面之材料當曝露於光時係經光催化降解。例如,氣味促進化合物(諸如皮脂組分)當曝露於光時可分解。
在另一實例中,組合物顯示對耐用之拒水物質之黏附大於未經如本文描述之陶瓷材料修飾之相同基板。與本文描述之組合物相反,數種商業耐用之拒水調配物係基於含氟聚合物且可需頻繁再應用以維持性能。其他材料包括全氟酸、全氟及多氟烷基物質(PFAS)、全氟丁烷磺酸、全氟辛酸、Scotchgard及Quarpel。此等材料中之許多對健康及環境具有不利影響。
本文提供包括本文描述之組合物之物品。此等物品之非限制性實例包括過濾器、膜、衣物、外套、露營用具(例如,帳篷、睡袋)、管絕熱、地毯、室內裝潢、汽車座椅(例如,嬰兒座椅)、床上用品(例如,防水透氣床上用品,諸如床單)、建築外罩、鞋類及窗簾。
在一項實施例中,組合物係用作膜,諸如(但不限於)食品包裝。例如,該膜可充當某些化合物之屏障,但容許氧及其他材料通過,或可發揮作用以將水與空氣隔離(例如,拒水劑或保水劑)或可自液體分離並保留固體(例如,粗棉布)。在其他實施例中,該膜可容許水蒸氣通過,但不容許液體水通過。
下列實例意欲闡述而非限制本發明。
實例實例 1
使用防撕裂耐綸作為用於產生防水、透氣織物材料之基板。編織防撕裂耐綸係用鋁經由氣相沈積金屬化以在25 nm至2000 nm,通常約300 nm之鋁厚度下產生鍍鋁耐綸。
然後用基於多孔氧化鎂之陶瓷塗覆鍍鋁樣品,該陶瓷在60℃至80℃之溫度下沈積於硝酸鎂及相似量之六亞甲四胺之25至75 mM水溶液中,歷時約5至90分鐘之時間週期。然後在約100℃至250℃之溫度下將網煆燒約1小時。沈積結構係經成像以評估均勻性。
織物經由在十六烷基膦酸中分批浸漬90分鐘,及然後在105℃下乾燥90分鐘而經功能化以賦予超疏水性質。樣品係根據AATCC 127及ASTM E96標準進行測試,且經觀察具有優於現存防水透氣商品之耐水性及水蒸氣滲透性性能。實例 2
在酸蝕刻中點蝕不銹鋼網層及然後用無膠結結構氧化錳陶瓷表面修飾塗覆,在約60℃至80℃之溫度下將其沈積於硝酸錳及相似量之六亞甲四胺或尿素之25至75 mM水溶液中歷時約60至240分鐘之時間週期。然後在約400℃至600℃之溫度下將該網煆燒約1小時,產生表面親水性質。水接觸角係經由不濡液滴方法量測為小於5度。將該網放置於具有約1 cm去離子水之杯中。2分鐘後,毛細管上升係經測定為液位上方約3 cm。毛細管上升係如PCT申請案第PCT/US19/65978號 (參見,例如,圖1A至1C)中描述測定。蒸氣透過率係經測定為130 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測試且該層無法支撐水柱之任何可量測高度。實例 3
使用與實例2中描述之方法相似之方法,用包含氧化錳之陶瓷材料塗覆不銹鋼網層。然後使用十六烷基膦酸於異丙醇中之稀釋(約0.5%)溶液將表面功能化,藉此產生表面疏水性質。水接觸角係經由不濡液滴方法量測為151度。將該層放置於具有約1 cm去離子水之杯中。2分鐘後,液位上方之表面無明顯水上升。蒸氣透過率係經測定為145 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測定為25 cm水頭。實例 4
測試無任何表面製備之不銹鋼網層。水接觸角係經由不濡液滴方法量測為20度。將該層放置於具有約1 cm去離子水之杯中。2分鐘後,液位上方之表面無明顯水上升。蒸氣透過率係經測定為152 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測試且該層無法支撐水柱之任何可量測高度。實例 5
用包含氧化鎂之陶瓷材料塗覆鋁網層,在約60℃至80℃之溫度下將其沈積於硝酸鎂及相似量之六亞甲四胺之25至75 mM水溶液中歷時約30至90分鐘之時間週期。然後在約300℃至600℃之溫度下將該網煆燒約1小時,藉此產生表面親水性質。水接觸角係經由不濡液滴方法量測為小於5度。將該層放置於具有約1 cm去離子水之杯中。2分鐘後,毛細管上升係經測定為液位上方約5 cm。蒸氣透過率係經測定為約150 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測試;該層無法支撐水柱之任何可量測高度。實例 6
使用與實例5中描述之程序相似之程序,用包含氧化鎂之陶瓷材料塗覆鋁網(荷蘭斜紋)層。然後使用十六烷基膦酸於異丙醇中之稀釋溶液將表面功能化,藉此產生表面疏水性質。水接觸角係經由不濡液滴方法量測為160度。將該層放置於具有約1 cm去離子水之杯中。2分鐘後,液位上方之表面無明顯水上升。蒸氣透過率係經測定為150 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測定為約100 cm水頭。實例 7
測試無任何表面製備之鋁網層。水接觸角係經由不濡液滴方法量測為20度。將該層放置於具有約1 cm去離子水之杯中。2分鐘後,液位上方之表面無明顯水上升。蒸氣透過率係經測定為153 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測試,且該層無法支撐水柱之任何可量測高度。實例 8
使用與實例1中描述之方法類似之方法,用包含氧化鎂之陶瓷材料塗覆40d (40丹尼)編織聚醯胺織物層,藉此產生表面親水性質。水接觸角係經由不濡液滴方法量測為小於5度。蒸氣透過率係經測定為175 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測試且該層無法支撐水柱之任何可量測高度。實例 9
用包含氧化鎂之陶瓷材料塗覆40d編織聚醯胺織物層。然後使用十六烷基膦酸於異丙醇中之稀釋溶液將表面功能化,藉此產生表面疏水性質。蒸氣透過率係經測定為170 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測定為55 cm水頭。實例 10
測試無任何表面製備之40d編織聚醯胺織物層。蒸氣透過率係經測定為170 g/hr/m2
。水柱突破壓力係經測試且該層無法支撐水柱之任何可量測高度。實例 11
用約250 nm鋁噴濺編織聚酯織物及編織耐綸織物。將該織物切割成小塊並用3種不同之陶瓷材料塗覆:a)基於氧化鎂/氫氧化鎂之陶瓷,b)及基於氧化錳/氫氧化錳之陶瓷,c)及氧化鋅/氫氧化鋅之陶瓷。所有三種陶瓷均含有一定量之氧化鋁/氫氧化鋁。該等陶瓷係以與實例1中描述之方法相似之方法沈積(針對該陶瓷中發現之各個別陽離子,使用2+金屬硝酸鹽或金屬硫酸鹽)。測試樣品之接觸角並顯示小於15度之接觸角。然後將經陶瓷修飾之織物浸塗於十六烷基膦酸於異丙醇中或十六烷基三乙氧基矽烷於乙醇中之稀釋浴(0.1%至1%)內。在矽烷之情況下,有時使用少量之乙酸觸媒。然後再次量測樣品之接觸角並顯示約150至160度之接觸角。水蒸氣穿透率係於未經修飾之織品之量測誤差內。實例 12
用基於氧化鋅之陶瓷藉由在室溫下將該織物在約200至500 mM硫酸鋅、約50至150 mM過硫酸鉀及約1.2至1.7莫耳氫氧化銨之浴中浸漬約5至60分鐘塗覆編織聚酯織物、聚醯胺織物及Tencel織物。氧化鎳沈積物亦藉由用硫酸鎳代替硫酸鋅於聚酯上產生。氧化錳沈積物亦藉由用硫酸錳代替硫酸鋅及用高錳酸鹽代替過硫酸鹽於聚酯上產生。然後在約105℃至約140℃之溫度下將此等樣品乾燥約1至2小時之持續時間。測試該等樣品之接觸角並顯示小於15度之接觸角。然後將經陶瓷修飾之織物浸塗於十六烷基膦酸於異丙醇中或十六烷基三乙氧基矽烷於乙醇中之稀釋浴(0.1%至1%)內。在矽烷之情況下,有時使用少量之乙酸觸媒。然後再次量測該等樣品之接觸角並顯示約150至160度之接觸角。實例 13
將編織聚醯胺及聚酯織物浸漬於氧化劑之浴中以活化表面。典型之氧化過程包括在約5 mM至約200 mM之濃度下將該織物浸漬於過硫酸鉀或過錳酸鉀之水浴中,及在約10 mM至約400 mM之濃度下將該織物浸漬於氫氧化銨之水浴中。典型之浴具有過錳酸鉀或過硫酸鉀與氫氧化銨之約1:2莫耳比。氧化溫度在約室溫至約80℃之範圍內。實例 14
編織聚酯及聚醯胺織物係在UV/臭氧及/或氧電漿中氧化,導致結構化陶瓷層之更佳黏附。實例 15
在約室溫至約80℃之溫度下將編織聚醯胺及聚酯織物浸入約5至200 mM之高錳酸鉀及約10至400 mM之氫氧化銨之水浴中歷時約5分鐘至約1小時。高錳酸鹽與氫氧化銨之典型比率係約1至2。然後容許將基板乾燥及然後用包含氧化錳/氫氧化錳、氧化鋅/氫氧化鋅或氧化鎂/氫氧化鎂之結構陶瓷層沈積,藉由在約60℃至80℃之溫度下將該基板浸漬於金屬(Mn、Zn或Mg)硝酸鹽及相似量之六亞甲四胺之25至150 mM水溶液中歷時約5至90分鐘之時間週期。然後在約100℃至250℃之溫度下將該網乾燥約1小時。該等樣品之此等接觸角係經量測並測定為小於約15度。然後將經陶瓷修飾之織物浸塗於十六烷基膦酸於異丙醇中或十六烷基三乙氧基矽烷於乙醇中之稀釋浴(0.1%至1%)內。在矽烷之情況下,有時使用少量之乙酸觸媒。然後再次量測該等樣品之接觸角並顯示約150至160度之接觸角。
儘管出於清楚瞭解之目的,已藉由闡述及實例相當詳細地描述前述發明,但熟習此項技術者應知曉可實踐某些變化及修飾而不背離本發明之精神及範圍,本發明之精神及範圍係以隨附申請專利範圍描繪。因此,描述不應解釋為限制本發明之範圍。
本文引用之所有公開案、專利及專利申請案係出於所有目的以全文引用之方式併入本文中且該引用之程度就如同將各個別公開案、專利或專利申請案以引用之方式明確且個別地併入本文中。
Claims (47)
- 一種組合物,其包含位於多孔基板上之無膠結陶瓷材料。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該基板包含平均孔徑小於約250 μm之孔,且其中該陶瓷材料大體上不改變該平均孔徑。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該基板包含平均孔徑小於約250 μm之孔,且其中該陶瓷部分或完全填充該等孔,藉此分別減小該平均孔徑或消除該等孔。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該基板包含根據ASTM D737每分鐘約0.1立方呎(CFM)至約100 CFM之透氣性。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料主要係結晶質。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含金屬氧化物、金屬氧化物之水合物、金屬氫氧化物及/或金屬氫氧化物之水合物。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含金屬氫氧化物,且其中該金屬氫氧化物之至少一部分包含層狀雙氫氧化物。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含奈米結構化陶瓷材料。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含過渡金屬、II族元素、稀土元素、鋁、錫或鉛。
- 如請求項9之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含鋅、鋁、錳、鎂、鈰、銅、釓、鎢、錫、鋅、鉛及鈷中之一或多者。
- 如請求項10之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含:氧化鋅及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鋅及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化錳及氧化鎂及/或氫氧化錳及氫氧化鎂之混合物;氧化錳及/或氫氧化錳;氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鋁;混合金屬氧化錳及/或氫氧化錳;氧化鎂及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鎂及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鎂及/或氫氧化鎂;氧化鎂、氧化鈰及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鈰及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鋅、氧化鐠及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鋅、氫氧化鐠及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鈷及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鈷及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化錳及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化錳及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鈰及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鈰及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化銅及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化銅及氫氧化鋁之混合物;氧化鋅及氧化鋁及/或氫氧化鋅及氫氧化鋁之混合物;Zn-鋁酸鹽之混合物;包括含有Zn、Al及氧之一或多個相之混合物;氧化鋅及/或氫氧化鋅;或以上化合物或其混合物中任何一者之水合物。
- 如請求項11之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含高達約25 μm之厚度。
- 如請求項12之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含約0.2 μm至約25 μm之厚度。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含約5%至約80%之孔隙率。
- 如請求項14之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含大於約10%之孔隙率。
- 如請求項14之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含約30%至約95%之孔隙率。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該多孔基板包含編織材料、針織材料、非編織織品或織物或紙。
- 如請求項17之組合物,其中該多孔基板包含聚醯胺、聚酯、棉、羊毛、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、纖維素材料、聚芳醯胺、聚胺基甲酸酯、活性碳、玻璃纖維、鋼合金、黃銅合金、鋁合金、鋁或銅。
- 如請求項17之組合物,其中該多孔基板係織物材料,其包含天然纖維、合成纖維、金屬網或金屬布或其組合。
- 如請求項17之組合物,其中該織物表面已經氧化、灰化或活化。
- 如請求項17之組合物,其中該基板係金屬化織物,其包含位於該織物表面上之一或多種金屬。
- 如請求項21之組合物,其中位於該織物表面上之金屬包含鋁、鐵、鎳、鈦或銅。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該無膠結陶瓷賦予該組合物一或多種功能性質。
- 如請求項23之組合物,其中該一或多種功能性質包含親水性、疏水性、阻燃性、光催化、防汙、除臭性質、抑制微生物生長、冰或冷凝物操作、防冰、防霜凍、超疏水性、超親水性、耐腐蝕性、電磁調製、熱調製、透氣性、動態抗風性及/或顏色。
- 如請求項23之組合物,其中賦予該組合物中之單一層該等功能性質中之兩者或更多者。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料係由功能層進一步修飾。
- 如請求項26之組合物,其中該功能層所賦予之一或多種功能性質的量級比由直接沈積於不包含該陶瓷材料之相同織物表面上之相同功能層材料所賦予之相同功能性質更大。
- 如請求項26之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料及該功能層協同賦予之一或多種功能性質之量級比由獨立沈積於相同織物表面上之該陶瓷材料或該功能層材料所賦予之相同功能性質更大。
- 如請求項26之組合物,其中該功能層賦予疏水性質。
- 如請求項29之組合物,其中該功能層包含含氟聚合物、彈性體或塑膠。
- 如請求項29之組合物,其中該功能層包含具有頭部基團及尾部基團之分子, 其中該頭部基團包含矽烷基、膦酸酯基、膦酸基、羧酸基、乙烯基、醇基、氫氧化物基、硫醇酸酯基、硫醇基及/或銨基,及 其中該尾部基團包含烴基、氟碳基、乙烯基、苯基、環氧基、丙烯酸基、丙烯酸酯基、羥基、羧酸基、硫醇基及/或第四銨基。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料係部分填充之多孔結構。
- 如請求項32之組合物,其中該等孔經第二陶瓷材料或經具有頭部基團及尾部基團之分子部分填充。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料對小分子之黏附大於對生物分子或來自皮脂之組分之黏附。
- 如請求項34之組合物,其中該等來自皮脂之組分包含三酸甘油酯、蠟酯、鯊烯及/或游離脂肪酸。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該陶瓷材料包含光催化性質,且其中黏附於表面之材料當曝露於光時經光催化降解。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物對耐用之拒水物質之黏附大於不包含該陶瓷材料之相同基板。
- 一種物品,其包含如請求項1至37中任一項之組合物。
- 如請求項38之物品,其選自過濾器、膜、衣物、外套、露營用具、管絕熱、地毯、汽車座椅、室內裝潢、床上用品、鞋類、建築外罩及窗簾。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物可承受大於約1 kPa之靜水壓。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物包含大於不包含該陶瓷材料之相同基板之蒸氣透過率之約80%之濕氣透過率。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物包含大於約150度之不濡液滴水接觸角。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物包含氧化錳陶瓷及烷基矽烷或烷基膦酸酯功能層。
- 如請求項38或39之物品,其中該物品可承受大於約1 kPa之靜水壓。
- 如請求項38或39之物品,其中該物品包含大於不包含該陶瓷材料之相同基板之蒸氣透過率之約80%之濕氣透過率。
- 如請求項38或39之物品,其中該物品包含大於約150度之不濡液滴水接觸角。
- 如請求項38或39之物品,其中該物品包含氧化錳陶瓷及烷基矽烷或烷基膦酸酯功能層。
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