TW202106377A - 水的淨化材及使用該淨化材之水的淨化方法 - Google Patents

水的淨化材及使用該淨化材之水的淨化方法 Download PDF

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TW202106377A
TW202106377A TW109120816A TW109120816A TW202106377A TW 202106377 A TW202106377 A TW 202106377A TW 109120816 A TW109120816 A TW 109120816A TW 109120816 A TW109120816 A TW 109120816A TW 202106377 A TW202106377 A TW 202106377A
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present
water purification
nitric acid
ammonia
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三上八州家
児玉重實
木村成夫
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日商杉田製線股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明係提供一種能以高效率去除水中之污染成分的淨化材。
本發明關於一種水的淨化材，係由沸石、氫氧化鐵、活性碳、氧化鈦、氫氧化鎂之混合比以重量比計為6至7：1至2：0.5至1：0.01至0.05：0.01至0.10之組成而構成者。

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水的淨化材及使用該淨化材之水的淨化方法
本發明係關於一種水生生物之飼養、鑑賞、養殖等所使用的水槽等之水的淨化，目的在於去除因前述生物之排泄物、或飼料之殘渣等而產生的磷(P)、氨(NH3)、亞硝酸(NO2)、硝酸(NO3)等以及減少在水槽之玻璃面的「藻」或白褐色之附著物。
在水生生物之飼養水槽中，為了維持水質，進行在水槽之底部鋪設礫石而種植水草之方法。該方法係僅外觀很美觀，但水卻未被淨化，而有污染持續進展之問題。因此，一般係藉由過濾器、或過濾器與活性碳等吸附劑組合而成的淨化材，一邊使飼養水循環一邊去除飼養水中之污染物。
然而，習知之吸附劑係無法完全去除磷、氨、亞硝酸、硝酸等，故無法避免藍藻等之產生，而飼養水槽必須定期進行壁面之清潔。
用以防止藍藻等藻類的產生之手段係以在水中添加微量之殺菌劑為有效，但不適合食用魚之養殖用的飼養水。
就去除水中之污染成分的方法而言，專利文獻1已揭示一種在多孔質無機構件中含有酵素，以該酵素將水中含有的有機物進行分解之方法。該方法係利用具有分解蛋白質之功能的蛋白質分解酵素、具有分解脂肪之功能的脂 肪分解酵素、及具有分解澱粉之功能的澱粉分解酵素，但一般所使用之水槽係未使用含有如此之有機物的水，而昂貴的該方式幾乎未被利用。
再者，專利文獻2揭示一種使用以沸石或鋁矽酸鎂、天然沸石、活性碳等作為原料之無機系淨化材而吸附去除氨或有機物。其用途為食用活魚貝類之收容水淨化方法，其目的與本發明相異。亦即，雖然食用活魚之情形與本發明品就水之淨化而言為相同，但在食用活魚之情形，運送為主要目的且需要水之淨化的期間可為1至3天，此期間亦不給予“飼料”，故硝酸、亞硝酸之產生較少。因此，該文獻係對於磷、亞硝酸、硝酸等之吸附去除能力並無任何敘述。
就將水中之磷成分吸附去除之淨化劑而言，已提出：使比表面積大之氧(氫氧)化鐵(iron oxyhydroxide)經中和而成者(專利文獻3)；使硫酸亞鐵與硫酸鐵之混合液進行中和，而形成為Fe(OH)m(SO4)n‧1H2O(式中，2≦m<3，0<n≦0.5，0≦1<0.5)者(專利文獻4)；使將氧化鈦、氧化鋯、沸石、氧化鐵、氧化錳混合並進行燒結而成之多孔質的陶瓷粒體浸漬而含有微生物者(專利文獻5)；在亞鐵水溶液中以未達亞鐵之當量的量添加氧化材後，加入鹼而調整成pH1.5至5.5，獲得陰離子吸附性非晶質氫氧化鐵者(專利文獻6)；在選自活性碳、沸石、氧化矽凝膠、珍珠岩、或多孔質玻璃等之至少1種多孔質載體的表面藉由蒸鍍或真空蒸鍍而形成光觸媒之被膜並使其搭載，或浸漬而含有會成為光觸媒之有機金屬化合物之溶液、或分散液後，進行加熱分解所得到者(專利文獻7)等。
此等淨化劑係與至今之吸附劑相比，雖然磷之去除率提高，但藍藻等藻類若存在微量之營養成分，就會進行增殖，故無法完全防止藻類之產生。
如此，期望開發出一種對飼養魚為安全、且可更長期間防止藻類產生之淨化劑。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2014-113561號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特公昭54-20440號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開2006-124239號公報
[專利文獻4]日本特開2007-001835號公報
[專利文獻5]日本特開2005-144304號公報
[專利文獻6]日本專利第3961558號公報
[專利文獻7]日本特開2006-110470號公報
本發明之目的在於製造飼養、觀賞水生生物之水槽的淨化材。亦即，提供一種製造淨化材之方法，該淨化材係藉由將自水生生物排泄之磷、氨、亞硝酸、硝酸等吸附去除而淨化水。
本發明人等係使用鐵系之凝聚材而長年研究其排水處理，檢討各種有害物之去除。其結果，得知氫氧化鐵吸附「磷」與「氨」；再者，沸石吸附「氨」；混合沸石與氫氧化鐵而成者吸附「亞硝酸」、「硝酸」；氧化鈦係使「亞硝酸」藉由與光之反應而氧化成「硝酸」；對於水生生物而言，相較於硝酸，亞 硝酸毒性更高；鎂具有使水之pH穩定之作用，同時防止在水槽生成綠色之「藻」，且減少白褐色之附著物等，終於完成本發明。
本發明係依據此等見識而成者，且本發明關於一種水之淨化材，其係由沸石、氫氧化鐵、活性碳、氧化鈦、氫氧化鎂之混合比以重量比計為6至7：1至2：0.5至1：0.01至0.05：0.01至0.10之組成而構成者。
在本發明中，將沸石設為重量比6至7之原因在於若小於6則氨、硝酸、亞硝酸等之吸附量少，若大於7則磷之吸附量減少，而變得不符合本目的。
將氫氧化鐵之混合比設為1至2之原因在於若小於1則磷之吸附量少，若大於2則氨、亞硝酸、硝酸之吸附量減少，而與本發明之目的不一致。
活性碳係與本發明作為目的之磷、氨、亞硝酸、硝酸的除去並無直接相關，但具有開始使用時不會產生“混濁”之效果。以重量比計設為0.5至1之原因在於若小於0.5則使用時會成為問題之混濁不會消失，而無法目視水生生物之狀況，耗時費力而不佳，又，若為1，即充分發揮作用，故若增加至大於1則成本效益變差。
在本發明中，將氧化鈦設為0.01至0.05之原因在於若小於0.01則作為光觸媒之作用變差，無法發揮其效果。若大於0.05，則沸石、氫氧化鐵之細孔會堵塞，磷、氨、亞硝酸、硝酸之吸附能力降低。
將氫氧化鎂設為0.01至0.10之原因在於若小於0.01則無使pH穩定之能力，pH會依生物而變化成酸性、或鹼性，另一方面，若設為大於0.10，則變成鹼性之可能性變高，視情況會使生物死亡。
以往，可使用於海水之生物(魚)的飼養之淨化劑尚未被實用化，而是利用離子交換樹脂。咸認其理由係因大多數吸附材會吸附海水中之鎂、鈉、鉀等所謂的礦物質，對組成造成變化之故。本發明品係如同前述地，含有鎂，故可防止此問題，並長期間使用。
本發明品係如同前述地，會吸附磷、氨、亞硝酸、硝酸等，故防止「會附著於水槽之玻璃等的綠色綿狀者及白褐色之附著物的附著」之時間成為習知之2倍以上。此係水槽之掃除次數就比例上較少次即可解決。
本發明品係吸附去除磷、氨、亞硝酸、硝酸等，利用鎂之作用使水質保持一定，故有在水之交換次數減少的同時，綠色的藻與白褐色之附著物的附著少，保持玻璃之透明度，並成為持續美麗狀態之狀況的特徵。又，飼養生物亦為長壽命。
圖1係顯示以實施例所得之本發明品與習知品之磷吸附能力的比較試驗之結果的圖表。
圖2係顯示以實施例所得之本發明品與習知品之氨吸附能力的比較試驗之結果的圖表。
圖3係顯示以實施例所得之本發明品與習知品之亞硝酸(NO2)吸附能力的比較試驗之結果的圖表。
圖4係顯示以實施例所得之本發明品與習知品之硝酸(NO3)吸附能力的比較試驗之結果的圖表。
圖5係顯示以實施例所得之本發明品與習知品的pH之比較試驗的結果的圖表。
圖6係拍攝在魚之飼養水槽的玻璃面之藍藻附著狀況的照片。
[實施例1]
本發明品係使用將已粉碎成30網目以下之沸石、氫氧化鐵、活性碳、氧化鈦、氫氧化鎂以重量比為6.5：1.5：0.1：0.01：0.08之比例進行混合，並造粒成2至3mm
Figure 109120816-A0202-12-0006-7
之粒體者。用以造粒之黏結劑係使用PVA。對於造粒手段並無限制，能以任何之手段進行造粒。
成為對照之淨化劑係使用屬於市售之淨化材的主成分之氫氧化鐵(以下稱為「習知品」)。
在長17cm、寬30cm、高24cm長方體之水槽中置入10L之水、霓虹脂鯉(neon tetra)10隻及水草，將使用本發明品及習知品者之時之各者的磷酸、氨、亞硝酸、硝酸之水中濃度及pH進行比較並表示於圖表中。
測定係以一次/天之頻率，以滴管採取適量之水槽水而進行。所使用之測定機器係如下列。
磷酸：測定裝置：DIGITAL PACK TEST DPM2-PO4(共立理化學研究所製)
氨：測定裝置：DIGITAL PACK TEST DPM2-NH4(共立理化學研究所製)
亞硝酸：測定裝置：DIGITAL PACK TEST DPM2-NO2(共立理化學研究所製)
硝酸：測定裝置：DIGITAL PACK TEST DPM2-NO3(共立理化學研究所製)
pH：可攜式pH計WM-32P(東亞DKK製)
本發明品係直至第50天為止在水中檢測不出磷酸、銨，相對於此，習知品係磷酸成為0.03至0.04mg/L，銨成為0.3mg/L之濃度，此係顯示本發明品相較於習知品為非常優異，水質之穩定度大。
本發明品係就連亞硝酸，相較於習知品，水中之含量亦成為1/2(第20天以後)，但此係因TiO2、鎂等之作用所致者，而與習知品之差異在功能性上亦為明確。亦即，過去咸認為此種亞硝酸之產生、消去係因細菌發揮作用，但若觀看此結果，則咸認為此係因「光觸媒」所致之作用或與鎂之反應所致者。尤其，第20天以後之減少變得無法說明(就細菌學說而言)。硝酸之比較結果亦同。
pH之結果係彙整以上之結果而成者，本發明品係以硝酸為首，全部的酸的產生比習知品少，尚且，藉由鎂等而可有助於鹼，故不產生pH之變化。
又，由圖2之照片明顯可知，水槽之玻璃的綠色污垢少，習知品在第15天至第30天開始孳生綠色苔狀之藻，相對於此，本發明品係即使經過50天以上亦不會產生。
在以上之圖1的結果，習知品之因水質之惡化所進行的水交換為15天至20天，在圖2中，相較於水槽之苔狀藻的產生為第30天左右之習知品，本發明品之水槽之苔狀藻之產生為50天以上。若綜合此等之結果，可知本發明品之水槽的水交換為習知品之1/2以下的次數即可。
在本實施之外，另以金魚、孔雀魚等進行，可獲得幾乎相同的結果。

Claims (1)

  1. 一種水之淨化材，係由沸石、氫氧化鐵、活性碳、氧化鈦、氫氧化鎂之混合比以重量比計為6至7：1至2：0.5至1：0.01至0.05：0.01至0.10之組成而構成者。
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