SK278473B6 - Preparation method of 5-chloroxindole - Google Patents
Preparation method of 5-chloroxindole Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK278473B6 SK278473B6 SK473-93A SK47393A SK278473B6 SK 278473 B6 SK278473 B6 SK 278473B6 SK 47393 A SK47393 A SK 47393A SK 278473 B6 SK278473 B6 SK 278473B6
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- process according
- carried out
- acid
- reaction
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- WWJLCYHYLZZXBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 WWJLCYHYLZZXBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- MYTGFBZJLDLWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1h-indole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 MYTGFBZJLDLWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 alkyl chloroacetate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940089960 chloroacetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- BLJTYQBHLXPJPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-2-nitrophenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1[N+]([O-])=O BLJTYQBHLXPJPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006701 (C1-C7) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ISSGDBWGQCOTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O ISSGDBWGQCOTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFFBIQMNKOJDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(Br)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFFBIQMNKOJDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBZHNVUMFPGVHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(Cl)=CC2=C1 HBZHNVUMFPGVHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHDJYQWGFIBCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2NC(=O)C(=O)C2=C1 XHDJYQWGFIBCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAVIDEZCVXRIRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)acetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O CAVIDEZCVXRIRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFLGCPZSHNZKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-amino-2-(3-chlorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 JFLGCPZSHNZKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEUUMBGHMNQHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCl VEUUMBGHMNQHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBFCIBZLAVOLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound Br.C1=CC=NC=C1 BBFCIBZLAVOLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/30—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/32—Oxygen atoms
- C07D209/34—Oxygen atoms in position 2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/30—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/32—Oxygen atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH152892 | 1992-05-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK47393A3 SK47393A3 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
| SK278473B6 true SK278473B6 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
Family
ID=4212552
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK473-93A SK278473B6 (en) | 1992-05-13 | 1993-05-12 | Preparation method of 5-chloroxindole |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5284960A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0570817B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH0632777A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR930023341A (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN1033581C (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE152101T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU658060B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9301786A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2096043A1 (fr) |
| CZ (2) | CZ283021B6 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE59306234D1 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK0570817T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2103044T3 (fr) |
| FI (1) | FI932146A (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3023357T3 (fr) |
| HU (1) | HU213634B (fr) |
| IL (3) | IL105657A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO179324C (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL173037B1 (fr) |
| SK (1) | SK278473B6 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5679799A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1997-10-21 | K-I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for producing oxyindoles |
| US6469181B1 (en) | 1995-01-30 | 2002-10-22 | Catalytica, Inc. | Process for preparing 2-oxindoles and N-hydroxy-2-oxindoles |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4060626A (en) * | 1972-01-26 | 1977-11-29 | Boehringer Mannheim G.M.B.H. | Indole-carboxylic carbon compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
| US4160032A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1979-07-03 | Sandoz, Inc. | Oxindoles as sleep-inducers |
| US3882236A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-05-06 | Lilly Co Eli | Pharmaceutical compositions containing substituted 2-oxo-indolines and the use thereof to treat anxiety and tension |
| US4476315A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1984-10-09 | Ethyl Corporation | Nucleophilic substitution process |
| US4721712A (en) * | 1984-06-12 | 1988-01-26 | Pfizer Inc. | 1,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents |
| US4659862A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1987-04-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process of preparing nitrodihydroaryl carbonyl compounds |
| US4730004A (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1988-03-08 | Pfizer Inc. | Analgesic and anti-inflammatory 1-acyl-2-oxindole-3-carboxamides |
| US4761485A (en) * | 1987-03-11 | 1988-08-02 | Pfizer Inc. | Synthetic method for indol-2(3H)-ones |
-
1993
- 1993-05-05 AU AU38399/93A patent/AU658060B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-07 US US08/057,639 patent/US5284960A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-07 BR BR9301786A patent/BR9301786A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-10 IL IL105657A patent/IL105657A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-11 ES ES93107672T patent/ES2103044T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-11 DE DE59306234T patent/DE59306234D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-11 AT AT93107672T patent/ATE152101T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-11 JP JP5109342A patent/JPH0632777A/ja active Pending
- 1993-05-11 DK DK93107672.3T patent/DK0570817T3/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-11 EP EP93107672A patent/EP0570817B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-12 KR KR1019930008081A patent/KR930023341A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-12 SK SK473-93A patent/SK278473B6/sk unknown
- 1993-05-12 CZ CZ93875A patent/CZ283021B6/cs unknown
- 1993-05-12 FI FI932146A patent/FI932146A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-12 CA CA002096043A patent/CA2096043A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-12 NO NO931732A patent/NO179324C/no unknown
- 1993-05-12 CZ CZ972192A patent/CZ219297A3/cs unknown
- 1993-05-12 PL PL93298918A patent/PL173037B1/pl unknown
- 1993-05-13 HU HU9301396A patent/HU213634B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-13 CN CN93105765A patent/CN1033581C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-09 US US08/118,325 patent/US5395963A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-10 IL IL11925895A patent/IL119258A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-09 CN CN96101533A patent/CN1144795A/zh active Pending
- 1996-09-17 IL IL11925896A patent/IL119258A0/xx unknown
-
1997
- 1997-05-09 GR GR970401009T patent/GR3023357T3/el unknown
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