SE511021C2 - Ljuddämpare för en förbränningsmotor - Google Patents

Ljuddämpare för en förbränningsmotor

Info

Publication number
SE511021C2
SE511021C2 SE9702368A SE9702368A SE511021C2 SE 511021 C2 SE511021 C2 SE 511021C2 SE 9702368 A SE9702368 A SE 9702368A SE 9702368 A SE9702368 A SE 9702368A SE 511021 C2 SE511021 C2 SE 511021C2
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
exhaust
expansion chamber
exhaust gases
muffler
outer panel
Prior art date
Application number
SE9702368A
Other languages
English (en)
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE9702368D0 (sv
SE9702368L (sv
Inventor
Shigeru Sato
Yukio Sakaguchi
Kengo Kubo
Original Assignee
Kioritz Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kioritz Corp filed Critical Kioritz Corp
Publication of SE9702368D0 publication Critical patent/SE9702368D0/xx
Publication of SE9702368L publication Critical patent/SE9702368L/xx
Publication of SE511021C2 publication Critical patent/SE511021C2/sv

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F01N13/1844Mechanical joints
    • F01N13/1855Mechanical joints the connection being realised by using bolts, screws, rivets or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/089Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using two or more expansion chambers in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/14Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by adding air to exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/002Apparatus adapted for particular uses, e.g. for portable devices driven by machines or engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/06Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for extinguishing sparks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/34Arrangements for supply of additional air using air conduits or jet air pumps, e.g. near the engine exhaust port
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/06Spark arresters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/06Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hand-held tools or portables devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/02Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/02Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
SE9702368A 1996-06-21 1997-06-19 Ljuddämpare för en förbränningsmotor SE511021C2 (sv)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16168696A JP3816581B2 (ja) 1996-06-21 1996-06-21 内燃エンジンのマフラー

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE9702368D0 SE9702368D0 (sv) 1997-06-19
SE9702368L SE9702368L (sv) 1997-12-22
SE511021C2 true SE511021C2 (sv) 1999-07-19

Family

ID=15739931

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE9702368A SE511021C2 (sv) 1996-06-21 1997-06-19 Ljuddämpare för en förbränningsmotor

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5857327A (ja)
JP (1) JP3816581B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE19726059B4 (ja)
SE (1) SE511021C2 (ja)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP3930961B2 (ja) * 1998-01-27 2007-06-13 株式会社共立 内燃エンジンのマフラー
DE19834822A1 (de) * 1998-08-01 2000-02-03 Stihl Maschf Andreas Abgasschalldämpfer mit einem Katalysator
DE19924888B4 (de) * 1999-06-01 2013-07-11 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Abgasschalldämpfer für Verbrennungsmotoren
DE10139700B4 (de) * 2000-10-11 2013-01-03 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Verbrennungsmotor als Antriebsmotor in einem tragbaren, handgeführten Arbeitsgerät
WO2002036942A1 (en) * 2000-11-03 2002-05-10 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Muffler for internal combustion engine
SE522546C2 (sv) * 2001-02-21 2004-02-17 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Anordning för dämpning av resonans i en rörledning
DE10123567A1 (de) 2001-05-15 2002-11-28 Porsche Ag Montierbares Auslassrohr für einen Endschalldämpfer sowie Endschalldämpfer für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE10146513B4 (de) * 2001-09-21 2012-11-15 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Schalldämpferanordnung für einen Verbrennungsmotor
EP1308608B1 (en) * 2001-11-05 2007-08-15 Hiraoka Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Engine muffler
US6789644B2 (en) 2001-11-06 2004-09-14 Hiraoka Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Engine muffler
DE10241883B4 (de) * 2002-09-10 2012-06-21 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Handgeführtes Arbeitsgerät mit einem Befestigungsstift für einen Abgasschalldämpfer
JP2004183622A (ja) * 2002-12-06 2004-07-02 Honda Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関の排気消音器
DE20300769U1 (de) * 2003-01-17 2004-05-27 Dolmar Gmbh Abgasschalldämpfer
DE10304326A1 (de) * 2003-02-04 2004-08-12 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Schalldämpferanordnung
US7051524B1 (en) 2003-06-30 2006-05-30 Bernard A Kraft Venturi device
DE10361216B4 (de) * 2003-12-24 2012-11-15 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Abgasschalldämpfer
SE0400903D0 (sv) * 2004-04-02 2004-04-02 Electrolux Ab Spark catcher for a muffler
JP4444730B2 (ja) * 2004-05-17 2010-03-31 川崎重工業株式会社 小型エンジンのマフラ
JP3955293B2 (ja) * 2004-08-06 2007-08-08 株式会社共立 内燃エンジンの触媒付きマフラー
SE0402469D0 (sv) * 2004-10-12 2004-10-12 Electrolux Ab Catalyst muffler preferably for a two-stroke internal combustion engine
US7287622B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2007-10-30 Arctic Cat Inc. Exhaust muffler
US7552587B2 (en) * 2005-02-03 2009-06-30 Basf Catalysts Llc Deflector plate to enhance fluid stream contact with a catalyst
US7413716B2 (en) * 2005-04-08 2008-08-19 Homelite Technologies, Ltd. Muffler with catalytic converter
JP5091399B2 (ja) * 2005-11-15 2012-12-05 ハスクバーナ・ゼノア株式会社 チェーンソウ
US7487633B2 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-02-10 Nett Technologies Inc. Device for exhaust gas purification for spark-ignited engines
JP2007176128A (ja) * 2005-12-28 2007-07-12 Komatsu Zenoah Co チェーンソー
JP2007177774A (ja) * 2005-12-28 2007-07-12 Komatsu Zenoah Co 2サイクルエンジン
JP2007297984A (ja) * 2006-05-01 2007-11-15 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 排気装置およびその排気装置を備えた車両
DE102006037201A1 (de) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Handgeführtes Arbeitsgerät
EP1895118A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-05 Tecumseh Products Company Passive secondary air muffler
DE202006013382U1 (de) * 2006-08-31 2008-01-03 Dolmar Gmbh Mehrschaliger Schalldämpfer / Hinderschalenkanal
US20080092976A1 (en) * 2006-10-20 2008-04-24 Komatsu Zenoah Co. Blower duct
EP2094950B1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2013-11-06 Husqvarna AB Exhaust muffler comprising a catalytic converter
JP2008261279A (ja) * 2007-04-12 2008-10-30 Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd 排気浄化機能付き消音装置
US20090038106A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Zenoah Co., Ltd. Engine blower
US7578369B2 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-08-25 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Mixed-flow exhaust silencer assembly
US8046989B2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2011-11-01 Paccar Inc Cooling device for high temperature exhaust
FR2930285B1 (fr) * 2008-04-16 2011-03-11 Faurecia Sys Echappement Silencieux pour ligne d'echappement de vehicule automobile.
US8136350B2 (en) * 2008-05-28 2012-03-20 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Catalytic muffler having crossover passageway for secondary air
KR100925869B1 (ko) 2009-06-10 2009-11-06 에이치케이엠엔에스(주) 소음기
US8485313B2 (en) 2010-06-18 2013-07-16 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Muffler and engine system
JP5862010B2 (ja) * 2010-12-24 2016-02-16 日立工機株式会社 エンジン用マフラ及びそれを備えたエンジン作業機
US8844672B2 (en) 2011-03-09 2014-09-30 Makita Corporation Two-stroke engine comprising a muffler
DE202011000531U1 (de) * 2011-03-09 2012-06-11 Makita Corporation Schalldämpfer für ein Motorgerät
JP6000168B2 (ja) * 2013-03-11 2016-09-28 本田技研工業株式会社 触媒コンバータ付きマフラ
JP6084487B2 (ja) * 2013-03-11 2017-02-22 本田技研工業株式会社 触媒コンバータ付きマフラ
JP6190603B2 (ja) * 2013-03-18 2017-08-30 株式会社マキタ マフラ装置および携帯型作業機
CN107208510B (zh) * 2015-02-28 2020-09-08 工机控股株式会社 发动机及发动机式作业机
WO2017130660A1 (ja) * 2016-01-30 2017-08-03 日立工機株式会社 エンジン及びエンジン作業機
CN106968761B (zh) * 2017-04-25 2020-06-30 江铃汽车集团公司 自生负压柴油机动车尾气颗粒捕捉装置
CN111075560B (zh) * 2019-12-31 2022-05-17 隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司 发电机组
JP2022163291A (ja) * 2021-04-14 2022-10-26 株式会社やまびこ 層状掃気式エンジン用マフラ

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US4418790A (en) * 1981-11-18 1983-12-06 Mcculloch Corporation Method and apparatus for attenuating sound
JP2581164Y2 (ja) * 1991-03-26 1998-09-21 株式会社共立 触媒を設けたマフラー
US5426269A (en) * 1992-06-02 1995-06-20 Donaldson Company, Inc. Muffler with catalytic converter arrangement; and method
US5521339A (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-28 Wci Outdoor Products, Inc. Catalyst muffler system
JP3752299B2 (ja) * 1996-04-05 2006-03-08 株式会社共立 2サイクルエンジンのマフラー
JP3863939B2 (ja) * 1996-04-05 2006-12-27 株式会社共立 2サイクルエンジンのマフラー

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9702368D0 (sv) 1997-06-19
DE19726059A1 (de) 1998-01-29
JPH108942A (ja) 1998-01-13
SE9702368L (sv) 1997-12-22
US5857327A (en) 1999-01-12
JP3816581B2 (ja) 2006-08-30
DE19726059B4 (de) 2004-04-08

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