RU2729146C2 - Soya bean culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods for soya planting. Method for soya sowing involves sowing seeds in a stripped-and-dotted manner with dotted lines. One seed is sown into middle dotted line. Two seeds are sown into adjacent dashed lines. Three seeds are sown into extreme dashed lines with equal interval in each line.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to level the competitive opportunities of growth and development conditions of soya plants in each dotted line of stripped-and-dotted sowing and to ensure attachment of lower beans on plants of each dotted stitch higher than on dotted crops in one line, as well as reduce loss of crop during harvesting with a combine harvester.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing soybeans.

Known dotted sowing of soybeans, in which the seeds are sown with dotted lines, the distance between which, that is, the row spacing is 45 cm, and the distance between the seeds in the line is 5 cm (Substantiation of parameters and improvement of the vertical-disk apparatus for sowing soybean seeds / Lipin V.D. abstract of thesis ... candidate of technical sciences / Moscow, 1993) [1].

A distinctive feature of dotted sowing is the requirement for uniform seed distribution with a given dotted line pitch. With the dotted method of sowing soybeans, an increase in yield is achieved by increasing the weight of 1000 grains and additional beans from the side branches. In this case, the side branches are the productive part of the soybean plant.

However, the known dotted soybean planting method has disadvantages.

When carrying out inter-row cultivation of soybean crops, it is necessary to leave protective zones 10 ... 12 cm wide on each side of the line. This leads to the fact that during inter-row cultivation of soybean crops, only 40 ... 45% of the sown area is cultivated, and most of it remains inaccessible to workers organs of a row cultivator. In the remaining protective zones and dotted lines of soybeans, weeds develop that successfully compete with soybean plants.

During inter-row cultivation of crops with reduced protective zones, when the working bodies of the row cultivator are displaced, the soybean plants are completely cut out to the width of the tilled unit, which leads to thinning of the crops. (See Gershevich M.G., Kalinich G.F., Dovbenko N.S., Slobodyan A.K. Methods of sowing soybeans and ways of improving seeding machines // Proceedings / Primorsky Agricultural Institute. - Ussuriysk. -1974 - Issue 29 S. 102-106) [2].

On dotted soybeans, there is a low attachment of the lower beans, which leads to large yield losses during mechanized harvesting, although the header of the combine is set to a low cut.

Also known is dotted-intermittent sowing, which is used in the cultivation of sugar beets (Ma S. A. and Magomedov S. D. Combination of dotted-intermittent sowing and thinning of sugar beets. Mechanization and electrification of socialist agriculture, 1975, No. 6, c 9- 11) [3].

Sowing is carried out, as in the dotted method, with a given step between seeds, then a skip follows. Sowing (bouquet) and pass depend on the density of plants, and the number of seeds and their sowing step in a bouquet depends on the seeding rate.

However, the known sowing method is used to obtain a rational density of sugar beet plants with a given distance between them with different sowing quality of seeds and, ultimately, to obtain a single plant (root) by the day of harvest. The known sowing method is used when the seed germination is low.

The known method of sowing the seeds of row crops, which is carried out in a strip, and in the strip with dotted lines. In the extreme lines, the seeds are placed with an offset relative to the line axis. (Inventory certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 1676478, IPC А01С 7/00, declared 05/29/1989, publ. 09/15/1991 Bull. No. 34) [4].

The known method of sowing seeds allows you to place soybean seeds more evenly over the area of the field.

Due to the displacement of the seeds relative to the axis of the extreme lines, it is possible to reduce the protective zones during inter-row cultivation of soybean crops.

Also known is a method of sowing seeds and a device for its implementation (RF Patent No. 2127032, IPC A017 / 00, A01C 7/04, declared 01.16.1997, publ. 03.10.1999) [5].

The known method of sowing seeds is carried out by creating additional streams of seeds on both sides of the main stream, and at an angle to the main stream with placement at equal intervals and with different rolling of seeds in the furrow relative to the axis of the extreme dotted line.

To implement the known method of sowing seeds in the extreme rows of the rings of the seeding apparatus, the cells are made at an angle to the axis of the vertically mounted disc. Seed ejectors in the outer rows of cells are installed at an angle to the axes of the cells of the central row of the seeding disc.

When implementing the known sowing method, the uniformity of the distribution of seeds along the bottom of the furrow is increased, and during inter-row cultivation of soybeans, it is possible to reduce the protective zones.

However, the known methods of sowing soybeans have disadvantages. Soybean plants of each dotted line not only have a different feeding area, but also receive different solar energy. Soybean plants in the outer lines are better lit and have a larger feeding area than in the middle dotted lines.

Therefore, in known crops, the lower beans are placed at different distances from the point of attachment to the plant to the soil.

In the extreme lines on the plants, the beans are attached to the plant lower than in the middle lines.

In addition, there are fewer beans in the middle dashed lines of the dotted stripe on the soybean plants than on the plants in the outermost lines.

All these noted disadvantages lead to large crop losses during mechanized harvesting, although the header of the combine is set to a low cut.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the loss of soybeans when harvesting with a combine harvester.

The technical result consists in the fact that the reduction of soy losses during harvesting with a combine harvester is ensured by sowing soybeans, in which the competitive possibilities of plants are provided, which lead to the attachment of the lower beans on the plant higher than when sowing by a dotted method.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the method of sowing soybeans, including sowing seeds in a strip-dotted manner with dotted lines, and one seed is sown in the middle dotted line, two seeds are sown in adjacent dotted lines, three seeds are sown in the extreme dotted lines at equal intervals in every line.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive method of sowing soybeans meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. In the middle line of the strip-dotted sowing, one seed is sown.

2. Two seeds are sown in adjacent dotted lines of strip-dotted sowing.

3. In the extreme dotted lines of the strip-dotted sowing, three seeds are sown.

The revealed signs of the technical solution of the claimed method of sowing soybeans allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion "Significant differences".

The sowing method is illustrated by drawing material.

FIG. 1 shows the layout of soybean seeds; in fig. 2 - sowing device for implementing the claimed sowing method; in fig. 3 placement of cells on the seeding drum.

Soybean plants of each dotted line of strip-dotted sowing have a different feeding area, and also receive different solar energy. The soybean plants in the middle dotted lines are less illuminated than the soybean plants in the extreme dashed lines. Due to this, the lower soybeans are attached higher than on the plants of the extreme dotted lines.

In addition, the soybean plants in the middle dotted lines have a smaller feeding area. For successful competition of medium-row soybean plants in the claimed sowing method, it is proposed to sow one seed at a time at equal intervals.

Soybean plants in adjacent dashed lines of the strip-dotted sowing are better illuminated, but the feeding area is less than that of the plants on the extreme lines of the strip. To equalize the conditions for the growth and development of soybean plants of the middle dotted line and adjacent dotted lines in the claimed sowing method, it is proposed to sow two seeds in adjacent dotted lines at equal intervals.

Soybean plants in the extreme dotted lines of the strip-dotted sowing are better illuminated and the feeding area is larger than in plants of the middle and adjacent lines. To equalize the growth conditions (illumination, feeding area) and the development of strip-dotted soybean plants in the extreme dotted lines, it is proposed to sow three seeds at equal intervals.

The claimed method of sowing soybeans is carried out by a seeding device with a seeding drum vertically mounted on an axis, consisting of rings with cells made on a cylindrical surface, and through holes on the end surface along the circumference.

In order to sow seeds into the soil in a strip-dotted manner with the placement of seeds in each dotted line one by one, two and three seeds with the same distances (interval), it is necessary to make a seeding drum with rings having one row of cells, and install rings with the possibility of displacement of one ring relative to the other around the drum axis.

To fix the rings with cells on the drum with the necessary placement of cells along its cylindrical surface, the rings have through holes on the end surface along the circumference. (Through holes not shown).

The claimed method of sowing soybeans is carried out by sowing seeds into the soil in separate groups of several pieces (1-3) at an equal distance (interval). The spacing between nests in a row or the spacing between nests depends on the number of seeds in the nest and the soybean growing areas.

In the middle dotted line, one seed is sown, the distance between which is 5 cm.

Two seeds are sown in adjacent dotted lines, the distance between which is 10 cm.

In the extreme dotted lines, three seeds are sown, the distance between which is 15 cm.

The width of the strip-dotted strip (B) depends on the zones and climatic conditions of soybean cultivation.

The sowing device for sowing seeds according to the claimed sowing method contains a housing 1, in which a sowing drum 3 is installed on the horizontal shaft 2, consisting of rings 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, on which are made of cells 15, a reflector roller 16 installed in the upper part of the apparatus, a pusher 17 installed in the lower part of the apparatus. Rings 4-14 are made with through holes (holes are not shown) around the circumference of the end surface of the seeding drum 3.

It is possible to change the placement of cells 15 on the cylindrical surface of the drum 3 in the required position for sowing one, two and three seeds in each dotted line.

From the cells of the rings 9, one seed is sown in the middle line 18 of the strip-dotted sowing.

From the cells of rings 7, 8 and 10, 11, two seeds are sown in adjacent dotted lines 19 and 20.

From the cells of rings 4, 5, 6 and 12, 13, 14, three seeds are sown in the extreme dotted lines 21 and 22.

The sowing device works as follows.

The seeds fall into the open cells 15 of the seeding drum 3. Excess seeds are removed by the deflector roller 16. When the seeding drum 3 rotates, the seeds, being held in the cells 15 and by the wall of the housing 1 of the apparatus, fall down and the ejector 17 drops the seeds to the bottom of the furrow.

For sowing with a certain amount of seeds in the line according to the claimed sowing method, the sowing drum 3 is removed from the apparatus and adjusted.

Thus, the sowing device can sow seeds using the proposed sowing method, i.e. it is possible to sow seeds in the soil in dotted lines with a different number of seeds and equal spacing between seeds.

The claimed method of sowing allows you to align the competitive possibilities of the conditions for the growth and development of soybean plants in each dotted line of strip-dotted sowing.

With the claimed method of sowing soybeans, the lower beans are attached to the plants of each dotted line higher than on the dotted crops in one line. The claimed method of sowing soybeans provides a reduction in losses during harvesting with a combine harvester.

(Substantiation of the parameters and improvement of the vertical-disk apparatus for seeding soybean seeds / Lipin VD abstract of thesis ... Candidate of Engineering Science / Moscow, 1993) [1].

Bibliographic list

1. Lipin V.D. Substantiation of parameters and improvement of vertical-disk apparatus for sowing soybean seeds / Abstract of thesis…. Cand. tech. Sciences / Moscow, 1993.

2. Gershevich M.G., Kalinich G.F., Dovbenko N.S., Slobodan A.K. Methods of sowing soybeans and ways of improving seeding machines // Proceedings / Primorsky Agricultural Institute. - Ussuriisk. - 1974 - Issue. 29.S. 102-106.

3. Ma S.A. and Magomedov S.D. Combination of dotted and intermittent sowing and thinning of sugar beets. Mechanization and Electrification of Socialist Agriculture, 1975, No. 6, pp. 9-11.

4.A.S. for invention of the USSR No. 1676478, IPC А01С 7/00. Method of sowing seeds of row crops / Listopad G.E., Sakun V.A., Komissrov V.I., Lipin V.D. - Publ. 15.09.1991 Bul. No. 34.

5. RF patent No. 2127032, IPC A017 / 00, A01C 7/04. Method of seeding seeds and device for its implementation / Lipin V.D., Shishlov S.A. - Publ. 03/10/1999.

Claims (1)

A method of sowing soybeans, including sowing seeds in a strip-dotted manner with dotted lines, characterized in that one seed is sown in the middle dotted line, two seeds are sown in adjacent dotted lines, and three seeds are sown in the extreme dotted lines with equal intervals in each line.

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