RU97893U1 - SOWING DEVICE FOR ORGANIC CROP CROPS - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The sowing device, comprising a frame mounted on the support wheels or rollers, with a hopper in two compartments and a shaft with sowing devices with common supply devices, connected by seed tubes to the hopper, semisetting working bodies on leashes pivotally attached to the frame and spring-loaded to the soil, characterized in that with a row spacing of 45 cm, working bodies for strip seeding and working bodies shifted by half aisle for ordinary, or narrow-row, or narrow-band seeding are installed. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains swept openers for strip seeding and double-disc openers for row seeding. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains swept openers for strip sowing and single-disk-anchor openers for narrow-band sowing. ! 4. The device according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that the track of the wheels contains anchor coulters for ordinary seeding.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to machines for tillage and sowing of grain crops.

Known suitable for organic cultivation of grain method of simultaneous sowing of spring and winter crops / 1 /, characterized in that the simultaneous sowing of spring and winter crops is carried out in tapes or strips, while in the intervals between tapes and strips sown with a mixture of seeds of spring and winter crops, laying seeds of winter crops in rows, for example. The implementation of the invention allows to reduce weediness of crops by weeds, to increase the resistance of the stand to lodging, yield and grain quality while reducing costs per unit of production.

However, when trying to implement a tape version of this method of simultaneous sowing using sowing machines for conventional row sowing with an interval between adjacent rows of 15 cm, such as SZP-3,6, for example, an unacceptable decrease in the yield of spring crops was established due to the deterioration of the conditions for using the area power / 2 /. The tape version of the sowing method is, in principle, implemented in a narrow-row version, but narrow-row sowing machines are almost never used in the Russian Federation due to operational shortcomings.

It seems advisable that the technical implementation of the strip variant of sowing spring and winter crops with seed placement in rows of winter crops alone between the strips sown with a mixture of seeds of spring and winter crops by changing some parameters of existing sowing machines for row sowing (row spacing, for example), replacing or rearrangements on the sowing device of some nodes and parts, in particular, working bodies, since no analogues were found among machines for sowing grain crops.

The closest to the claimed utility model seems to be a sowing device mounted on well-known row seeders of the type of the SZP-3.6 (SZ-3.6) family.

The unit contains, in particular, a frame mounted on supporting wheels, on which a hopper of two compartments is mounted, double disc coulters for row seeding with 15 cm row spacing on levers pivotally attached to the frame and spring-loaded to the soil, connected to the hopper with a hopper.

The main disadvantage of this unit is its unsuitability for simultaneous sowing of spring and winter crops without unacceptable loss of yield of spring crops, in particular, due to a moisture deficit in risky farming zones (otherwise everyone would have sown this way).

The main task solved by the claimed utility model is to resolve the contradiction between the need to place spring and winter crops over the field area, which provides the most favorable conditions for the growth of both crops, including weed control, and the possibility of effective technical implementation by changing the design of the sowing machines of the sowing machines.

The technical result, which is claimed by the claimed utility model of the sowing device, consists in the technical implementation of the strip version of the simultaneous sowing of spring and winter crops with laying in rows of seeds of only winter crops in between the strips sown with a mixture of seeds of both crops, with the maximum use of typical of units and parts of sowing devices of serial sowing machines for row sowing, as well as in achieving, when using it, reduction of weediness of crops from peas, increase the resistance of the stand to lodging, yield and grain quality while reducing costs per unit of production, without the use of fertilizers and other chemicals.

This technical result is achieved in that a sowing unit (sowing device) combined with a sowing machine includes, in particular, a frame mounted on support wheels or rollers, on which a hopper is mounted on two compartments and shafts with sowing devices for individual crops with common supply devices connected by the vas deferens with the hopper, the semisetting working bodies on leashes pivotally attached to the frame and spring-loaded to the soil.

At the same time, working bodies for row seeding and working bodies shifted by half row-spacing for ordinary, or narrow-row, or narrow-band seeding are installed with a 45 cm row spacing.

In addition, the working body can be made in the form of a lancet paw attached to a stoic, a double-disc coulter for row or narrow row seeding, and a single-disc coulter for narrow-band seeding.

The drawings show:

- figure 1 shows a distribution diagram of spring seeds (A) and winter (B) crops when sowing;

- figure 2 shows an example arrangement of openers (side view);

- figure 3 is an example of an arrangement of openers (top view).

The sowing seed sowing coulter for strip seeding 1 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) is attached to two leads 3 to the unit frame and connected to two seed tubes 4. The double disc coulter for row seeding 2 is attached to one lead 3 and connected to one seed tube 4. Leads 3 are provided with spring-loaded rods 5.

The sowing device in the presented example works as follows: on the go of the sowing machine along the field prepared for sowing, the coulters 1 and 2 are deepened into the soil to a predetermined seed sowing depth (for example, 5-6 cm) using a hydraulic system (not marked in the diagram) through pressure spring-loaded rods 5. When the machine is moving, the coulters 1 cut the soil and weeds at a set depth, form a bed for seeds, through which the seed tubes 4 pass through the common supply devices (not shown in the diagrams) and seed tubes 4 under the arrow-shaped coulters 1 from the branch for spring culture (A, Fig. 1) and part of the seeds (for example, 2/3) of winter culture (B) from another branch. Another part (for example, 1/3) of winter crop seeds (B) enters through the vas deferens 4 through disk coulters 2 and is also embedded in the soil (C).

Instead of arrow-shaped coulters and double-disc coulters for row seeding on leashes 3, coulters for strip seeding of other designs and disc coulters for narrow row seeding or single-disc coulters for narrow-band seeding, and anchor coulters, for example, can be mounted on rows 3. .

Moreover, the coulters can be fixed on both short and long leashes, as well as on a parallelogram suspension.

To improve the quality of seed placement in the soil, coulters with shanks can be used for strip sowing (to stabilize the deepening of the lancet paw, for example, relative to the field surface, sprinkling the furrow and soil compaction), as well as levelers in the form of various shorters, loops and rollers (as part of the sowing cars).

There can be one or more of such sowing devices as a part of the sowing machine (or tillage and sowing).

EXAMPLE 1

On the sowing device, the windows of the grain sowing machines corresponding to the rows sown with winter crops (Fig. 1a) are covered with shutters. All sowing devices by selecting gears of the gearbox, working length of the sowing coils or the position of fixing the valves are set in the usual way, for example, to 2/3 of the sowing rate of spring crops and 1/3 of the sowing rate of winter crops (taking into account the disconnection of part of the sowing devices). The grain compartment of the hopper is loaded with seeds of spring crops, for example, wheat. Winter wheat seeds, for example, are loaded into the fertilizer compartment and sown in a field prepared for sowing (after cultivation, for example).

End of EXAMPLE 1.

After sowing, the mixed seedlings of spring and winter wheat, for example, in the early stages of development are weakly distinguishable from the seedlings of the spring crop alone, but with a higher density of plants in the strip, the level of shading of the soil and seedlings of weeds increase. When spring crops reach the stalking stage, winter crops in stripes and rows, lagging behind in development, spread along the surface, obscure the soil and seedlings of weeds, without competing with spring crops in the struggle for light resources. The selection of additional nutrition from the soil by relatively rare plants of winter crops can be compensated by shading of the soil with an appropriate distribution of the plant root system at different stages of development. At the same time, additional light resources arise for earing and ripening of the spring culture, contributing to the manifestation of the “field edge” effect with an increase in spring yields / 3 / and the resistance of the stand to lodging. And when harvesting at a high cut, the straw is scattered or left stalked after combing the headers. In this case, it is necessary to organize (and control) the unloading of grain from the bunker of the combine at the end of the run, so as not to damage the winter with wheels of vehicles for the removal of grain.

The following year, winter wheat sown in spring, after wintering under the protection of high stubble or stalk, is characterized by increased bushiness and allows a lower density of plants to obtain a normal crop and weed control than spring. With this sowing, there are no conditions for the manifestation of the "field edge" effect for winter crops, but it is quite possible to count on getting a second full crop with one sowing.

EXAMPLE 2

On the sowing device, the windows of the grain sowing machines corresponding to the rows sown with winter crops (Fig. 1b) are covered with shutters. Similarly, they shut off the sowing valves for fertilizer sowing devices for strips sown with spring culture. All sowing devices by the selection of gears of the gearbox, the working length of the sowing coils or the position of fixation of the valves are adjusted in the usual manner, for example, to 2/3 of the sowing rate of spring crops and 1/3 of the sowing rate of winter crops (taking into account the disconnection of part of the sowing devices). The grain compartment of the hopper is loaded with seeds of spring crops, for example, wheat. Winter rye seeds, for example, are loaded into the fertilizer compartment and sown in a field prepared for sowing.

End of EXAMPLE 2.

After emergence and later in the early stages of their development in strips with spring culture, due to the increased density of cultivated plants, better shading of the soil and weed emergence is provided. And when spring crops reach the stalking stage, winter crops in rows, lagging behind in development, spread along the soil surface and, shading the soil, are able to suppress weed emergence without herbicides in the spaces between spring strips. At the same time, additional resources of light and partly nutrition arise for earing and ripening of spring crops, contributing to the manifestation of the “field edge” effect with a significant increase in spring yields / 3 / and the resistance of the stand to lodging. The following year, winter rye plants can be used for green feed, or planted in the soil.

Note that with this sowing (see fig.1b) there is the possibility of increasing the nutritional resources of spring crops (moisture, in particular), if the sowing of winter rye is further reduced.

Thus, the claimed sowing device for simultaneous strip and row sowing of spring and winter crops as part of sowing machines, for example, type of seeders of the SZ-3.6 and SZP-3.6 family, with the simplicity of technical implementation, may provide an opportunity to reduce soil preparation and sowing operations, crop maintenance, weed infestation, to increase the yield of spring crops and resistance to lodging due to the effect of the "edge of the field", to increase tillering due to better wintering and extension of vegetation the yield of winter crops at a reduced seeding rate, and, accordingly, reduce costs per unit of grain production and improve its quality. And all this without the use of fertilizers and other chemicals, which corresponds to the concept of organic (environmentally friendly) farming.

The simplicity of the technical implementation of the claimed sowing device is achieved by the fact that it can be reduced, in particular, to the rearrangement and replacement of part of the row coulters of openers (with a 15 cm row spacing) with coulters of other designs when mounted on the same standard leads. And the scope of industrial applicability of the utility model can be significantly expanded if serial sowers of the SZ-3.6, SZP-3.6 family type are modernized on its basis, which seems possible even in conditions of the technical base of agricultural producers.

Some elements of the technology incorporated in the claimed sowing device were tested at several farms in the Novosibirsk Region and showed good results, in particular, a reduction in weed crop weed with an increase in spring yields to 1.25-1.5 times (when sowing with winter rye) and the possibility obtaining a full crop of winter crops.

The production of organic grain products sold in Western countries at many times higher prices becomes relevant when the Russian Federation joins the WTO and the prospect of additional exports from Siberia to Japan and South Korea.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2323561 C2, A01C 1/04, A01C 7/00, 2006

2. Mukhin V.A., Kromm A.A., Schukin S.G. About the influence of the methods of sowing cereal crops on their distribution over the field area // Proceedings of the International scientific-practical conference "Technological and economic education in the XXI century": Publishing house of NGPU, - Novosibirsk, 2005.-p.110-126

3. Ovsinsky I.E. New farming system. - Kiev, type. S.V. Kulzhenko, 1899

Claims (4)

1. The sowing device, comprising a frame mounted on the support wheels or rollers, with a hopper in two compartments and a shaft with sowing devices with common supply devices, connected by seed tubes to the hopper, semisetting working bodies on leashes pivotally attached to the frame and spring-loaded to the soil, characterized in that with a row spacing of 45 cm, working bodies for strip seeding and working bodies shifted by half aisle for ordinary, or narrow-row, or narrow-band seeding are installed. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains swept openers for strip seeding and double-disc openers for row seeding. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains swept openers for strip sowing and single-disk-anchor openers for narrow-band sowing. 4. The device according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that the track of the wheels contains anchor coulters for ordinary seeding.