CN104365328A - Fresh corn and fresh peanut intercropping planting mode for medium-and-low-yield field in suburban area - Google Patents
Fresh corn and fresh peanut intercropping planting mode for medium-and-low-yield field in suburban area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn and peanut cultivation, and particularly relates to a fresh corn and fresh peanut intercropping planting mode for a medium-and-low-yield field in a suburban area. According to the method, the effect of double intercropping in one season is achieved, and harvesting is carried out in different periods. By utilizing the characteristic that fresh corn is harvested one month earlier than fresh nuts, later-period growth of the intercropped peanuts is successfully protected against the shading influence from the corn, and the border row advantage of later-period growth is achieved. By carrying out harvesting in different periods and utilizing the marginal benefit, namely, complementation of space-time ecological niches, the yield of single plants of the intercropped peanuts is stabilized and increased, the corn and peanut intercropping system increases the yield and benefit and improves the quality to a higher extent, the balanced yield increase of grain and oil and the mutual benefit are achieved, the soil environment of the medium-and-low-yield field is improved, the planting industry structure of the medium-and-low-yield field in the suburban area is improved, urban agriculture is developed, the output benefit of the medium-and-low-yield field is increased, and the income of suburban farmers is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn, peanut cultivation, be specifically related to the intercropping plant method of the suburbs, city middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit one season two ripe wrong phase results.Have more for one is after middle-and-low-yielding fields eat spring corn timely collecting raw, intercropping is eaten Spring Peanut raw and is passed through restoration ecosystem with it, thus ensure that intercropping is suitable with the horizontal Pod Yield of nonoculture peanut individual plant, the horizontal fresh tes juice output of intercropping fresh edible maize individual plant is higher than nonoculture simultaneously, the intercropping plant management method that intercropping overall economic benefit significantly improves.
Background technology
Intercropping and interplanting is with a long history, be one of marrow of Chinese tradition intensive cultivation agricultural, before 2000 and more than 1500 year, in China's agriculture book " book of ditch of stagnant water victory " the earliest and Important Arts for the People's Welfare, just have the record of the Yellow River trip basin melon and Chinese onion or little bean or pea, mulberry and broomcorn millet and mulberry miscegenation.Rational intercropping and interplanting pattern can not only intensive utilization agricultural resources, improves unit are laminating production power, and being also one of effective measures increasing Agricultural biodiversity, is the effective way of Developing Sustainable Agriculture.Corn, peanut intercropping is considered to alleviate the important planting system of one that ground contradiction striven by grain and oil, it is also by peanut biological nitrogen fixation, improvement soil environment and minimizing nitrogenous fertilizer drop into, and avoid, because nitrogenous fertilizer drops into the too much environmental pollution caused, having certain ecological dominance.This time of infertility wide cut Wheat yield (2 – 4 row corns and 2 – 6 row put down do/ridge culture situation under the peanut intercropping of overlay film or not overlay film) plant to some extent to the latter stage seventies at northern China major peanut production area eighties of last century the mid-1960s, play great role for increasing grain yield, but also result in peanut yield and significantly glide.Since the eighties in 20th century, seldom there is this pattern in the north, its main cause is that this Wheat yield self has a lot of drawback, wherein comparing distinct issues is: field observation finds, the impact that corn shades is subject to the peanut of corn intercrop, the plant type structure such as plant height, crotch angle occurs obviously to change, and breeding time postpones, occur late-maturing phenomenon, and individual plant level (seed benevolence, pericarp and Ye Chong) output and overall productivity obviously reduce relative to nonoculture.The reduction of the horizontal output of this individual plant of cultivating peanut, also may reduce its oil yield and oil quality, thus limits the amplitude that the whole Wheat yield of corn, peanut increases production, increases matter and synergy, is finally unfavorable for that the plantation of this Wheat yield is promoted.
The suburbs, city middle-and-low-yielding fields, productivity is low, and plantation conventional crop economic benefit is lower, is usually fallen into disuse, and be even used to stack building waste etc., but because of traffic convenience between itself and city, crop products Sales Channel is unimpeded.Therefore, the adjustment of the suburbs, city middle-and-low-yielding fields urgently crop mix, while meeting the consumption demand of city dweller, increases substantially the economic benefit of middle-and-low-yielding fields.
Summary of the invention
In order to the technical barrier that peanut individual plant and aggregate level output when solving above-mentioned corn, peanut intercropping significantly reduce, in conjunction with the demand of the suburbs, city middle-and-low-yielding fields Planter industry structure adjustment, the invention provides the suburbs, a kind of city middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode.This pattern in guarantee maize intercropping individual plant horizontal output apparently higher than while nonoculture, by the feature utilizing fresh edible maize one month earlier to gather in the crops compared with Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit, the impact making intercropping peanut late growing stage successfully avoid corn to shade, and there is the Dominance in border row of late growing stage, utilize the complementation on this wrong phase results and marginal benefit and Temporal-Spatial Niche, reach the object of the horizontal stable yields of intercropping peanut individual plant and volume increase, thus improve the volume increase of corn, peanut Wheat yield further, increase the amplitude of matter and synergy, realize " grain and oil balanced increase production, mutually beneficial and win-win ", while improvement middle-and-low-yielding fields soil environment, improve the suburbs, city middle-and-low-yielding fields crop mix, Developing Urban Agriculture, increase middle-and-low-yielding fields output benefit, improve the suburbs, city peasant income.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of suburbs, city middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, its concrete grammar is as follows: the ripe wrong phase in fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit intercropping one season two gathers in the crops, after fresh edible maize is gathered, intercropping Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit is with it by restoration ecosystem thus guarantee intercropping peanut is suitable with nonoculture peanut individual plant Shui Ping Pod fruit output, and the horizontal fresh tes juice output of intercropping fresh edible maize individual plant is higher than the intercropping plant management method of nonoculture simultaneously.
As preferably, the sowing same period between at the beginning of late April to 5 month of Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit, fresh edible maize, to gather at the beginning of by the end of July to 8 month fresh edible maize fringe, corncob gather after stalk of fresh corn gather in time as silage fodder, or be covered in after cutting down corn planting capable in prevent weed growth and while peanut is shaded, for later stage straw-returning, Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit is results at the beginning of by the end of August to 9 month.
Concrete steps are Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit, the fresh edible maize sowing same period between at the beginning of late April to 5 month, fresh edible maize fringe of gathering at the beginning of by the end of July to 8 month, corncob gather after stalk of fresh corn gather in time, Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit is results at the beginning of by the end of August to 9 month; 4 row peanuts are planted between every 3 row corn band shapes, Row spacing of maize 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres, peanut line-spacing and spacing in the rows are 20 centimetres, the spacing 35 centimetres that corn is capable and peanut is capable, the bandwidth of 3 row corns and a 4 row peanuts intercropping assemblage zone adds up to 230 centimetres, wherein, corn planting net area accounts for 65.2% of whole intercropping region, and peanut cultivation net area accounts for 34.8% of whole intercropping region; Fresh edible maize mu broadcasts 2100 – 2200 caves, and after thinning, final singling is to every mu of 2100 – 2200 strains, and Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit mu broadcasts 5800 caves, single grain fine sowing.
Feature of the present invention also has:
Fresh edible maize selects the poor and relative precocious kind of High planting to be main, and in nonoculture situation, best mu is broadcast the kind of density below 4000-3500 strain and is advisable, preferably capital section glutinous 2000.Can reduce the impact that corn stem leaf shades on peanut so as far as possible, have more illumination to be irradiated to peanut leaf surface through corn before harvest corn, after harvest corn, peanut can have more light application time completely.
Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit selects resistance to shade and relative late-maturing kind, and with taste preferably small pod peanut kind be advisable, be preferably flower educate 28.Select small pod peanut kind can reduce the impact of shading and being formed Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds; Select resistance to shady kind can improve peanut photosynthetic capacity, alleviate the impact that peanut is shaded; Select relatively late-maturing peanut varieties that peanut can be made after harvest corn to have more light application time completely, useful to guarantee output.
Preferably plant with the suburbs, city hilly and mountainous land middle-and-low-yielding fields, more preferably plant with the suburbs, city hilly and mountainous land low-yield land.Peanut is planted and can be fostered and apply fertilizer in ground in low-yield land, and hilly and mountainous land is suitable for intercropping plant, and intercropping fully can excavate the potentiality that low-yield land rich water utilizes, and improves Land_use change equivalent proportion and economic benefit.
During corn seeding, 2, every cave.Do like this and can ensure that field is not short of seedling, unnecessary seedling is then removed by thinning.
Under equalling situation of doing, peanut adopts plastic mulching.Middle-and-low-yielding fields (especially low-yield land), peanut is flat makes overlay film and ridge culture overlay film Yield compari@is close, in this case, flatly makes overlay film, relative to ridge culture overlay film, can reduce whole ground expense, to a certain degree avoid the excessive growth of intercropping peanut stem leaf; Relative to flat work not overlay film, soil temperature and humidity can be increased, significantly improve peanut yield level.
Plant pattern of the present invention planting the pure plot making peanut in the past, per mu yield value can be increased substantially, additional income.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1)in low fertility plot, while the guarantee horizontal productivity of maize intercropping individual plant and individual plant fresh tes juice bring up again high 15% – more than 20%, the effective excellent number of intercropping fresh edible maize individual plant, seed-producing rate and blade protect green property all higher than nonoculture, the bald sharp length of fruit ear is lower than nonoculture, and maize intercropping fresh tes juice has good appearance character and higher commodity value.
(2)this cropping pattern can effectively avoid corn to shade the horizontal productivity of intercropping peanut individual plant caused far below the impact of nonoculture to peanut, increase yield; Meanwhile, the total branch amount of intercropping individual plant fresh peanut, fruit bearing shoot number and full fruit number are all higher than nonoculture, and worm crosses, the number of decayed fruit and bud fruit is less than nonoculture.
(3)if be plant this pattern in the pure ground making corn in former years, every mu increases income 100 – 200 yuan; In the pure ground making peanut of plantation in former years, plant this pattern, every mu increases income 600 – 1200 yuan, has good economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit strip cropping schematic diagram of the present invention (the capable ratio of 3:4 corn, peanut).
Wherein, 1-corn belt, 2-peanut band, 3-gray shade frame table shows mulch film, 4-assemblage zone.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the solution of the present invention is described in detail.
embodiment 1
City fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode screening test, test site is Zhong Gong town home farm, the suburbs, city, Jinan City, Shandong Province, in low fertility plot.Capital section glutinous 2000 selected by test kind corn, and peanut selects flower to educate No. 28 (small pod peanuts) and flower is educated No. 25 (major peanuts).Cropping pattern is respectively the row of corn and peanut than 3:4 intercropping (corn routine intercropping and corn reduce spacing in the rows density intercropping, peanut tectorial), corn routine nonoculture and peanut nonoculture (overlay film and not overlay film), amounts to 5 kinds of cropping patterns, repeats for 3 times.
Here so-called corn, peanut 3:4 is capable is the present invention than conventional intercropping mode.
Corn, peanut 3:4 is capable of in conventional intercropping (corn 2172 plants/acre), a crop combination band comprises 3 row corns (line-spacing 50 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm) and 4 row peanuts (peanut line-spacing 20 cm, spacing in the rows 20 cm, single grain fine sowing), the capable spacing capable with peanut of corn is 35 cm, bandwidth 230 cm(is as Fig. 1), wherein, maize sown area accounts for 65.2% of whole intercropping region, and peanut cultivation area accounts for 34.8% of whole intercropping region.Corn, peanut 3:4 is capable to be reduced in spacing in the rows density intercropping (corn 2896 plants/acre) than corn, and maize intercropping spacing in the rows is reduced into 30 cm, and other is with conventional intercropping.In peanut nonoculture contrast, peanut line-spacing and spacing in the rows are 20 cm, monoseeding, are divided into overlay film and not overlay film two kinds of cropping patterns.In corn nonoculture contrast, Row spacing of maize 50 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm, 3330 plants/acre.
By the end of April at the beginning of 5 months, peanut and corn are sowed simultaneously, gather in the crops fresh edible maize by the end of July at the beginning of 8 months, gather in the crops Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit by the end of August at the beginning of 9 months.As recommendation, in field management, fertilizer is the livestock and poultry muck 400 – 500 kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed.Peanut gives identical nitrogen (N) of executing and measures 112.5 kg N ha
– 1, plough under in topsoil soils so that the form of urea is disposable as base manure; Nitrogen executed by corn is 225 kg N ha
– 1, be divided into base manure and topdress, base manure fertilizing amount in period is 112.5 kg ha
– 1, dressing time is shooting stage or toy trumpet mouth phase, and sowing amount is 112.5 kg ha
– 1, in the ranks impose at corn, immediately pour water after each nitrogen application.Phosphate fertilizer is all base manure, 60 kg ha
– 1pure phosphorus (P), potash fertilizer is all base manure, and consumption is 120 kg K
2o ha
– 1.If with composite fertilizer, then every mu of ground composite fertilizer of 60 kg 14:16:15, and impose urea 16.3 kg again in corn jointing or toy trumpet mouth phase.In crop whole vegetative period, all communities give abundance and pour water and weeding, worm and germ etc., and at the loose ground in suitable period of plant growth.
Concrete investigation data are in Table 1-5.
Table 1 corn yield situation
In table, output is multi-point average; The every bunch planting of corn 2, thinning is afterwards 1 strain/cave.
In table, the heavy ÷ of individual plant fresh tes juice heavy=actual survey product fresh tes juice surveys and produces corn plants number in Sampling Area; Per mu yield calculates according to survey product Sampling Area and output, and its meaning is one mu of pure work or intercropping plot (comprising corn and peanut two kinds of crops) fertile corn fresh pod yield.
Table 2 peanut yield situation
In table, output is multi-point average; Peanut is single grain fine sowing, 1 strain/cave.
In table, the heavy ÷ of individual plant fresh fruit heavy=actual survey product fresh fruit surveys and produces peanut strain number in Sampling Area; Per mu yield calculates according to survey product Sampling Area and output, and its meaning is one mu of pure work or intercropping plot (comprising corn and peanut two kinds of crops) fertile peanut fresh pod yield.
Table 3 vehicle benefits situation
In table, benefit is multi-point average.
In table, corn and peanut price are all according to per kilogram 3 yuan calculating, and other expenditure is identical, puts aside herein.
Table 4 corn seed investigating result
In table, species test data are the mean value of multi-strain maize; Corn, peanut 3:4 is capable is the present invention than conventional intercropping.
Protecting green property is the percentage that a strain corn Green lobe numbers accounts for total leaf number.
Table 5 flower educates 28 species test results
In table, data are the mean value of many strains peanut.
output, species test proterties and vehicle benefits situation can be obtained by upper table, be summarized as follows:
(1) as can be seen from table 1, table 4, corn, peanut 3:4 is capable of in conventional intercropping (the present invention), and the horizontal productivity of maize intercropping individual plant and individual plant fresh tes juice improve 47.0% and 22.2% than density intercropping and pure corn of doing heavily respectively; And intercropping fresh edible maize individual plant rod number, effective excellent number, seed-producing rate and blade protects green property all higher than nonoculture under this pattern, the bald sharp length of fruit ear is lower than nonoculture, and maize intercropping fresh tes juice has good appearance character and higher commodity value.
(2) as can be seen from table 2, table 5, the present invention can effectively avoid corn to shade the horizontal productivity of intercropping peanut individual plant caused far below the impact of nonoculture to peanut, largely reduce intercropping and nonoculture peanut single plant yield poor, even occur the situation that intercropping peanut single plant yield and nonoculture maintain an equal level or increase, as intercropping flower in the present invention, to educate 28 individual plant fresh fruits heavy apparently higher than the pure situation making peanut not overlay film; Meanwhile, in the present invention, intercropping flower educates the total branch amount of 28 individual plant fresh peanut, fruit bearing shoot number, full fruit number all higher than nonoculture, and worm crosses, decayed fruit and bud fruit number are less than nonoculture.And during corn reduces and deal with between spacing in the rows density, no matter flower is educated 25 or 28 individual plant fresh fruit weight averages and is starkly lower than pure peanut of doing, highlighted advantage of the present invention further.
(3) as can be seen from Table 3, in the present invention, although corn and peanut per mu yield and benefit purer situation of doing decline low, its overall economic efficiency is better than the situation that any one pure work and corn reduce spacing in the rows density intercropping; If be plant pattern of the present invention in the pure ground making corn in former years, every mu increases income 139.9 – 198.4 yuan, if plant this pattern in the pure ground making peanut of plantation in former years, every mu of cost-saving synergistic 684.9 – 1201.8 yuan, economic benefit is very remarkable.And corn is when reducing spacing in the rows density intercropping, corn and peanut per mu yield and benefit are purer, and to make situation decline low amplitude comparatively large, and its overall economic efficiency is not as pure corn of doing, only increase income 163.5 – 519.9 yuan/mu purer than peanut, and economic benefit is not as the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the suburbs, city middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, it is characterized in that: the ripe wrong phase in fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit intercropping one season two gathers in the crops, after fresh edible maize is gathered, intercropping Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit is with it by restoration ecosystem thus guarantee intercropping peanut is suitable with nonoculture peanut individual plant Shui Ping Pod fruit output, and the horizontal fresh tes juice output of intercropping fresh edible maize individual plant is higher than the intercropping plant management method of nonoculture simultaneously.
2. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, it is characterized in that: the sowing same period between at the beginning of late April to 5 month of Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit, fresh edible maize, to gather at the beginning of by the end of July to 8 month fresh edible maize fringe, corncob gather after stalk of fresh corn gather in time as silage fodder, or be covered in after cutting down corn planting capable in prevent weed growth and while peanut is shaded, for later stage straw-returning, Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit is results at the beginning of by the end of August to 9 month.
3. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, it is characterized in that: the sowing same period between at the beginning of late April to 5 month of Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit, fresh edible maize, to gather at the beginning of by the end of July to 8 month fresh edible maize fringe, corncob gather after stalk of fresh corn gather in time, Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit is results at the beginning of by the end of August to 9 month; 4 row peanuts are planted between every 3 row corn band shapes, Row spacing of maize 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres, peanut line-spacing and spacing in the rows are 20 centimetres, the spacing 35 centimetres that corn is capable and peanut is capable, the bandwidth of 3 row corns and a 4 row peanuts intercropping assemblage zone adds up to 230 centimetres, wherein, corn planting net area accounts for 65.2% of whole intercropping region, and peanut cultivation net area accounts for 34.8% of whole intercropping region; Fresh edible maize mu broadcasts 2100 – 2200 caves, and after thinning, final singling is to every mu of 2100 – 2200 strains, and Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit mu broadcasts 5800 caves, single grain fine sowing.
4. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, it is characterized in that: fresh edible maize select High planting poor and relative precocity kind, in nonoculture situation, best mu broadcasts the kind of density below 4000-3500 strain, is preferably capital section glutinous 2000.
5. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, is characterized in that: Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit selects resistance to shade and relative late-maturing kind, and with taste preferably small pod peanut kind be advisable, be preferably and coloredly educate 28.
6. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, is characterized in that: preferably plant with the suburbs, city hilly and mountainous land middle-and-low-yielding fields, more preferably plants with the suburbs, city hilly and mountainous land low-yield land.
7. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, is characterized in that: during corn seeding, 2, every cave.
8. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, is characterized in that: under equalling situation of doing, peanut adopts plastic mulching.
9. the suburbs, city as claimed in claim 1 middle-and-low-yielding fields fresh edible maize Efficiency of Peanut as Fresh Fruit interplanting mode, is characterized in that: plant pattern of the present invention planting the pure plot making peanut in the past.
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| CN105532241A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Corn and peanut intercropped planting mode for grain yield stabilizing and oil production increase |
| CN109511495A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-03-26 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method made between the corn, peanut of suitable large-area applications |
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| CN109511495A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-03-26 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method made between the corn, peanut of suitable large-area applications |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104365328B (en) | 2016-10-26 |
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