RU2042303C1 - Method for sowing soya - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: ribbon sowing of soya is carried out by placing several seeds into separate equispaced holes, the interval between them being determined by the expression L n/a where n number of seeds in hole and a interval between soya seeds in single-grain sowing method. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing soybeans.

 A square-nested soybean sowing is known, consisting in the fact that the seeds are sown in soil in separate groups of several pieces (2-5) nests, and the nests are located rectilinearly in the longitudinal and transverse directions along the vertices of a square or quadrangle (rectangular-nested sowing). Apply schemes of 70x70 cm. 60x60 cm and 60x45 cm (see Vasilchenko A.A. Square-nested soybean sowing (Brief report on research work. -Cub. NIITIM: Krasnodar, 1958, issue 1, p.228-238 )

 With this method of sowing, a more uniform distribution of seeds across the field, a more uniform area of plant nutrition are created. Thanks to the cultivation of row-spacings in two directions, soy plants are better provided with water, light, and nutrients. The air regime of the soil improves and the number of nodules on the roots of plants increases significantly.

 However, square-nest sowing of soybean was not widespread due to the lack of square-nesting seeders. For square-nested soybean crops, a high level of soil fertility is required. In rainy summers, it is impossible to carry out inter-row cultivations in two directions (see A. Volozenin, Main issues of soybean agricultural technology in the Primorsky Territory under complex mechanization (In the collection of articles by Soy. M. Selkhozgiz, 1963, pp. 76-84; Hatkova L. .T. Production of soybeans in a strip way.-Khabarovsk, 1966, p. 103).

 Dotted sowing is also known, in which one seed is sown in each nest. The distance between the seeds in a row or the dotted line step for soybean seeds is 5 cm, and the distance between the dashed rows between rows is 45 cm (see Gershevich M.G. Kalinich G.F. Dovbenko E.S. and Slobodyan A.K. Methods for sowing soybean and ways to improve sowing machines (Transactions. Primorsky Agricultural Institute. -Ussuriysk, 1974, issue 29, p.102-106).

 A distinctive feature of dashed sowing is the requirement for uniform distribution of seeds with a given dashed pitch. With the dashed method of sowing soybeans, an increase in productivity is achieved by increasing the weight of 1000 grains and additional beans from the branches. In this case, the branches are a rather productive part of the soybean plant.

 However, the known method (dotted) sowing soy has disadvantages.

 On the soybean dotted crops, low attachment of lower beans is observed, which leads to large crop losses during mechanized harvesting, although the combine harvester is set to a low cut (see Lipin V.D., development of a method for sowing soybeans and technical means for its implementation in the Penza region. (Report on scientific research, IX-30, N b. 0186 0053204, inv. N 02910012270.-M. MIISP, 1990, S. 90-92).

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce losses during soybean harvesting due to higher attachment of lower beans to the plant.

 The goal is achieved in that the method of sowing soybeans, including row sowing, is carried out by sowing seeds into the soil in separate groups of several pieces (2.5) at an equal interval.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed method of sowing soybean meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

 Soybean seeds are sown in soil in rows of several pieces in separate groups at equal intervals.

 For high attachment to the plant of the lower beans, soybean seeds are sown several times in nests at equal distances between the nests. On one linear meter of such crops, the same amount of seeds is sown as in dotted crops, one seed per nest, but their layout in the line is completely different. In the proposed method of sowing, soybean plants are placed more sparsely in a row than with the dotted, adopted as a prototype, and in the nest of the plant are placed more densely. The number of plants in the nest depends on the zonal zones of soybean cultivation, and the distance between the nests on the number of seeds in the nest. The more seeds there are in the nest, the greater the distance between the nests. In this case, the seeding rate, as with the well-known dashed, adopted as a prototype, and the proposed one is the same.

 With the proposed method of sowing, better illumination and favorable conditions for the development of plants are achieved.

 With the proposed method of sowing, the height of the plants is greater than that of the dashed ones. The average height of soybean plants on dotted crops is less and the attachment of lower beans on a plant is lower than that of the proposed crop.

 This is explained by the fact that the sowing methods, both proposed and dashed, adopted as a prototype, with the same seeding rate, provide different plant densities, yield the same yield per unit area. However, in plants grown on the proposed sowing, lower beans are attached higher (on the plant) than in plants grown on dotted crops.

 Soybean harvesting with dotted crops is carried out with losses, since the lower cut of the plants is limited by the possibility of reaping the combine harvester.

 Harvesting soybeans with the proposed sowing is carried out without loss, since the height of the plants is greater, the cutting height of the plants by the combine harvester is the same as with dashed crops, and the height of attachment of the lower beans is greater than on dashed crops.

 Cotton nesting is known, in which the seeds are sown in soil in separate groups of several pieces (see Abdumutalov A.Yu. Study of the closing and rolling working bodies of cotton seeders (abstract of Cand. Thesis. - T. 1954).

 However, with this method of sowing cotton, the seeds are sown with nests because the seeds in the group more easily pierce the soil layer with their sprouts than single ones. Therefore, shoots are obtained early and friendly. In addition, cotton sowing is carried out with increased rates, depending on the germination of seeds and cultivation zones with subsequent thinning.

 Thus, sowing of cotton is carried out by the nesting method to obtain more friendly seedlings and reduce manual thinning.

 According to the proposed method of sowing seeds are sown in groups of several pieces so that the lower beans on the soybean plant are attached as high as possible.

 Also known is dashed-intermittent sowing, which is used in the cultivation of sugar beets (see Ma S.A. and Magomedov S.D. Combination of dashed-intermittent sowing and thinning of sugar beets. Mechanization and Electrification of Socialist Agriculture, 1975, No. 6, p. 9-11).

 Sowing is carried out, as with the dotted method, with a given step between the seeds, then a pass follows. Sowing (a bouquet) and a pass depend on the density of plants, and the number of seeds and their sowing step in a bouquet on the rate of sowing of seeds. This method is used to obtain a rational plant density with a given distance between them with different sowing quality of seeds and, in the final case, to obtain a single plant (root) by the day of harvesting.

 Thus, the proposed method of soybean sowing is carried out by sowing seeds into the soil in rows of nests of several seeds with a distance (interval) between the nests, depending on the number of seeds in the nest.

The distance between the nests is determined by the formula
L n ˙ a, (1) where n is the number of seeds in the nest;
and the distance (interval) between soybean seeds in the dotted method of sowing when sowing one seed in the nest.

 The proposed method of soybean sowing is carried out with a disposable sowing device with a sowing disk vertically mounted on the axis, consisting of rings with cells made on a cylindrical surface, and through holes on the circumferential surface.

The step between the centers of the cells of the disk ring is determined by the formula
C 2 R sin (α / 2), (2) where R is the radius of the disk;
α is the central angle between the cells of the disk.

 In order to sow seeds in the soil in separate groups of several pieces (for example, three seeds) at an equal interval, it is necessary to make a sowing disk with three rings having one row of cells, and install rings with the possibility of displacement of one ring relative to another around the axis of the disk at some central angle.

Then the distance between the cells of the first ring of the disk and the other will change and it can be determined by the formula
C ₁ 2 R sin (α / 2 + n), (3) where n is a natural number.

To shift the cells of one row relative to another, it is necessary to make the sowing disk compound of the rings, and install the rings with the possibility of displacement around the axis of the disk. To fix the rings with cells on the disk with a specific arrangement of cells along its cylindrical surface, the rings have through holes on the end surface around the circumference made with a variable pitch
C _i 2 n sin (α / 2 + n), (4) where r is the radius of the circle on the end surface of the rings along which through holes are made with a variable pitch.

 The revealed signs of the proposed method of soybean sowing allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

 Figure 1 shows the layout of seeds according to the proposed method of sowing (two seeds per nest); figure 2 when sowing seeds of three seeds in the nest; in FIG. 3 sowing apparatus for implementing the proposed method of sowing soybeans; figure 4 section aa in figure 3; figure 5 the placement of the cells of the sowing disk for sowing seeds of three seeds in the nest; in Fig.6 the placement of holes on the end surface of the rings of the sowing disk.

 The proposed method of soybean sowing is produced by sowing seeds into the soil in separate groups of several pieces (2-5) at an equal distance (interval). The distance between the nests in a row or the interval between the nests depends on the number of seeds in the nest and soybean cultivation zones. For example, for the conditions of the Primorsky Territory, the dashed sowing of soybeans is carried out according to the 45x5 scheme, where 45 is the row spacing; 5 distance between seeds in a row.

When sowing seeds according to the proposed method of sowing two seeds in a nest, the distance between the nests is determined by the formula (1)
l ₂ 2 ˙ 5 10 cm
When sowing three seeds in a nest
l ₃ 3 ˙ 5 15 cm
The sowing apparatus for sowing seeds according to the proposed method of sowing comprises a housing 1, in which a sowing disk 3 is installed on a horizontal shaft 2, consisting of rings 4-6, on which cells 7 are made, of a reflector roller 8 installed in the upper part of the apparatus, 4 ejectors 9 installed at the bottom of the apparatus. The rings 4-6 of the sowing disk 3 are made with through holes 10 around the circumference of the end surface with a variable central angle α. The distance between the centers of the holes is determined by the formula
C ₂ 2 r sin (α / 2 + n), where r is the radius of the circle along the end surface of the rings on which the through holes are made;
α is the central angle between the two holes;
n is a constant number.

 Screws 11 are mounted in the end-to-end through holes 10 for fastening the rings 4-6.

 In this case, it is possible to change the placement of cells 7 on the cylindrical surface of the disk 3 in the required position for sowing seeds, two or three seeds in the nest.

 The metering device operates as follows.

 Seeds fall into the open cells 7 of the sowing disk 3. Excess seeds are removed by the reflecting roller 8. When the sowing disk 3 is rotated, the seeds, held in the cells and the wall of the apparatus body 1, are released downward and the ejector 9 dumps the seeds to the bottom of the furrow.

 If necessary, sowing seeds with a certain amount of seeds in the nest according to the proposed method of sowing remove the sowing disk 3 from the apparatus and make its adjustment.

 The seed disc is set up as follows.

 When sowing two seeds in a nest in the groove of one row of cells 7, sector 12 is installed and cells 7 are placed in the design position for sowing seeds by the proposed method. Then, screws 11 are installed in the holes 10. When sowing seeds three in a slot, sector 12 is not installed in the sowing disk.

 Thus, the sowing apparatus is possible sowing seeds of the proposed method of sowing, i.e. it is possible to sow seeds in the soil in rows with a different number of seeds in the nest and an equal interval between the nests and to ensure the attachment of lower soybeans on the plant is higher than on the dotted crops.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR SOWING SOYBEAN, including sowing seeds into the soil in rows of several pieces in separate nests at an equal interval, characterized in that, in order to reduce losses during soybean harvesting due to higher attachment of lower beans to the plant, the interval L between the nests is determined by the expression L n · A, where n is the number of seeds in the nest, and the interval between soybean seeds in the dashed method of sowing when sowing one seed in the nest.

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