RU225991U1 - Seeding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture. The sowing device includes a fixed body (1), a scraper bushing (4), a loading window (2), a hopper (3) with a lid (13), a sowing disk (5), which has a cylindrical part along its outer diameter, in which along helical lines through slots (6) are made, and an insert (7) having a cutout (8) is fixedly installed inside the disk (5). The proper quality of seeding is ensured, which consists of a stable and uniform supply of seeds to the opener and minimization of mechanical injury to the seeds during operation of the device. 6 salary f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to sowing devices of sowing machines.

The quality of sowing is largely determined by the perfection of sowing devices, which must ensure a stable supply of seeds regardless of the speed of movement of the unit and field slopes. In addition, they must be universal - provide sowing of seeds with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties, be easy to set up and maintain, not damage the seeds, prevent their spontaneous expiration and, at the same time, be easy to clean if necessary.

A device for precision sowing of seeds is known [Patent RU 181663 U1 Sowing device. Patent holder: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin", Publ. 07/26/2018 Bulletin. No. 21], which is a round body, inside of which a replaceable working element is installed, made in the form of a spiral screw with the ability to rotate around its axis.

The disadvantages of this device are: the creation of a pulsating flow of seeds in the outlet window through the use of a spiral-screw working body, during the rotation of which a periodic reduction in the output cross-section of the outlet window occurs due to the overlap of part of its area by the spiral-screw working body; the high cost of implementing a replaceable working element (spiral screw), as well as the duration of the mechanical impact on the seed material throughout the entire time it passes through the spiral screw to the exit window.

A known sowing device [a.s. USSR No. 654205 Screw seeding device. Patent holder: Kharkov Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, Publ. 03/30/1979 Bulletin. No. 12], which increases the uniformity of seeding due to the fact that the holes on its cylindrical casing are located along helical lines with a pitch equal to the pitch of the auger, and a cylindrical screen is installed at the bottom of the casing.

The main disadvantage of this sowing device is the complexity of the design, due to the use of an auger with a variable pitch of the intake coil and a mechanism for its regulation.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is the sowing apparatus [Patent RU 126557 U1 Sowing apparatus. Patent holder: State Scientific Institution Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture of the Russian Agricultural Academy, Publ. 04/10/2013 Bulletin. No. 10], containing a seed chamber installed in a housing, a rotating disk and a stationary disk pressed to it with a spring. The cells are formed from grooves located along the periphery of the rotating disk from the side of the plane of the stationary disk, and have lateral filling and emptying of seeds.

The disadvantage of this device is the absence of a reflector in the upper part of the disk, which clears excess seeds from the surface of the cells and prevents them from being pinched between the edges of the cells and the stationary body. In connection with this, already at the stage of filling the cells, there is a possibility of injury to the seed material, and jamming of the disk at its interface with the body and the stationary disk. Which, in turn, leads to frequent maintenance of the device during operation and failures.

The problem to be solved is to properly ensure the quality of seeding, which consists in a stable and uniform supply of seeds to the opener and minimizing mechanical injury to the seeds during operation of the device.

The proposed model of the sowing apparatus is a fixed cylindrical body 1, in the upper part of which there is a loading window 2, which communicates with the lower part of the hopper 3, which has a lid 13. In the lower part of the hopper 3, a scraper sleeve 4 is installed, which has a protective upper bar of the body 1. Inside the fixed housing 1, a replaceable sowing disk 5 is installed vertically on a horizontal axis, rotating with a scraper sleeve 4 in one direction. The outer diameter of the sowing disc 5 has a cylindrical part with through slots 6. The length of the scraper sleeve 4 is equal to the length of the projection of the slot 6 in the disc 5 on its generator. The thickness of the cylindrical part of the sowing disk 5 and the width of the slots 6 in it are multiples of the average width of the seeds of the sown crop. The gaps between the walls of the fixed housing 1 - rotating disk 5 - insert 7 do not exceed the minimum size of the seeds sown. Along the outer diameter, the sowing disk 5 is coupled with a fixed cylindrical body 1, and along the inner diameter it is coupled with the insert 7, which is structurally integral with the lid and the pipe for discharging seeds into the seed tube. The slots 6 in the sowing disk 5 on its inner side are closed by a fixed insert 7. The upper part of the insert 7, which goes inside the sowing disk 5, corresponds in shape and size to its inner surface and has a cutout 8, limited by a sector with an angular size from 45° to 90° , and circumferentially shifted relative to the loading window 2 by the length of the projection of the slot 6 onto the circle of the inner diameter of the cylindrical part of the disk 5. The width of the cutout 8 corresponds to the length of the projection of the slot 6 onto the generatrix of the cylindrical part of the sowing disk 5. In the lower part of the insert 7 there is a slope towards the pipe for unhindered flow of seeds into the receiving pipe of the seed tube and uniform distribution of seed material along the length of the row.

The task is achieved by the fact that the through slots 6 in the sowing disc 5 are made in such quantity and have such a length that the beginnings and ends of adjacent slots 6 along the generatrix of the cylinder overlap with each other, and the dimensions of the loading window 2 correspond to the dimensions of the slot 6 in the sowing disc disk 5. Excess seeds from the surfaces of the sowing disk 5 and slot 6 are removed by a rotating scraper sleeve 4, preventing them from being pinched in the interface “edge of slot 6 in disk 5 – housing 1 of the sowing device”; the number of slots 6 in disk 5, their length and the position of the sector cutout 8 in insert 7 relative to the loading window 2 is selected so that, at any position of the sowing disk 5, free flow of seeds from the hopper 3 into the inner part of insert 7 through the slots 6 in disk 5 is excluded.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings:

fig. 1 – general view of the sowing unit assembly;

fig. 2 – schematic drawing explaining the principle of operation of the sowing apparatus using the example of its vertical section;

fig. 3 – isometry of the sowing apparatus with separation of the components.

In the drawings (Fig. 1-3) the following designations are used:

1 – body; 2 – loading window; 3 – bunker; 4 – scraper bushing; 5 – sowing disc; 6 – slots; 7 – insert; 8 – sector cutout; 9 and 10 - shaft; 11 and 12 – key; 13 – cover.

The sowing apparatus consists of a stationary cylindrical body 1, in the upper part of which, above the loading window 2, there is a hopper 3 with a scraper sleeve 4, which is driven by shaft 10 by means of a key 11. Inside the housing 1, a replaceable sowing disk 5 is fixedly mounted on a horizontal shaft, having a cylindrical part with through slots 6 made along helical lines. Inside the cylindrical part of the sowing disk 5, an insert 7 is fixedly located, the upper part of which mates with its cylindrical part and has a cutout 8 in the shape of a sector; the lower part of insert 8 has a slope towards the pipe. To sow seeds of various crops, sowing discs 5 are used, which differ in the sizes of the slots 6.

The sowing apparatus operates as follows. Shaft 9, rotating counterclockwise,communicates through key 12 rotational movement of the sowing disk 5. When the sowing disk 5 rotates, the slots 6, closed in the lower part by a cylindrical insert 7, enter the seed trap zone limited by the loading window 2 and the scraper sleeve 4 and are filled with them. The scraper sleeve 4 receives rotation (counterclockwise) from the shaft 10 by means of a key 11, preventing pinching of seeds between the edges of the slots 6 of the sowing disk and the loading window 2. As the disk 5 rotates, the seeds are transported through the slots 6 to the cutout 8 of the insert 7, upon reaching in which there is a uniform outflow of seeds into insert 7, combined in one design with a lid and a pipe for discharging seeds into the seed tube. Filling and emptying of the slots 6 of the sowing disk 5 occurs cyclically as the disk 5 rotates.

This design of the sowing apparatus ensures a stable and uniform supply of seeds to the coulter while minimizing mechanical damage to the seeds during operation of the device.

Claims (7)

1. A sowing device, including a stationary body, a scraper bushing, a loading window, a hopper with a lid, a sowing disk, characterized in that the sowing disk has a cylindrical part along the outer diameter, in which through slots are made along helical lines, and a fixed part is installed inside the disk. insert having a cutout. 2. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the loading window correspond to the dimensions of the slot in the sowing disk, and the beginnings and ends of adjacent slots along the generatrix of the cylinder overlap with each other. 3. The sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing disk is replaceable and is mated with a fixed cylindrical body along its outer diameter, and is coupled with an insert with an insert that has a slope towards the pipe in the lower part. 4. The sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutout in the insert is limited by a sector and is circumferentially shifted relative to the loading window by the length of the projection of the slot onto the circumference of the inner diameter of the cylindrical part of the disk. 5. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the cylindrical part of the sowing disk and the width of the slots in it are multiples of the average width of the seeds of the crop being sown. 6. The sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the scraper sleeve has a protective upper housing bar, the length is equal to the length of the projection of the slot in the disk onto its generatrix, and rotates in the same direction with the sowing disk. 7. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaps between the walls of the stationary body - rotating disk - insert do not exceed the minimum size of the seeds sown.