RU2691024C1 - Universal mechanical sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and can be used in sowing machines for sowing of grain cereals and tilled crops. Universal mechanical sowing device comprises truncated hollow rotating cone, which ends with rings. Bottom of the rings has through cells for seeds, and its end part is closed by a movable cover with a rim lying on 1/2 part of the circumference of the cover. Through cells are of round shape with diameter of 14 mm. Cover is configured to move along the axis of the cone and turn through 180° and has second rim arranged on 1/2 part of cover circumference. Rim located lower is twice wider than upper rim.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to ensure single-seed sowing of seeds of all crops with different size of seeds; besides, cereal grains are sown.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Universal mechanical seeding machine

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in seed drills for sowing cereals and row crops.

The level of technology

The inner-seed sowing apparatus of the seeder is known, which contains rings rotating around a horizontal axis, on the inner surfaces of which ribs are made. When the ring rotates, the seeds come from the bunker into the body and are captured by ribs, rise to a certain height and poured into the open part of the body, entering the seed tube. (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural Machines. - M .: Kolos, 2006, p. 155… 156)

As a disadvantage, it should be noted that the open part of the hull is located at the same height and its position is not adjustable, which makes it difficult to set the required dose for feeding seeds of different crops.

The closest in technical essence taken as a prototype is a seeder sowing device, including a bunker, an exit window, a valve, a drive system made in the form of a driven sprocket, a dosing device, while the dosing device is made in the form of a truncated hollow cone with a rotating around the horizontal axis bearing bearing on the side of a smaller diameter, with a metering ring with through cells installed in the large-diameter end part, closed with a lid having a local groove on the rim, Rich cover arranged rotatably around its axis and the through-cells are made with a large outer cone diameter, the rings with through cell adapted to be substituted for a ring with cells of various sizes and quantities.

(Patent RU 2239974, IPC А01С 7/04, Rudenko N.Ye., Kulaev E.V. Sowing apparatus of the seeder, published 11/20/2004, Bull. No. 32)

The main disadvantage of this invention is that it can sow only the seeds of cultivated crops. He does not sow cereal grain seeds.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to ensure the possibility of precise seeding of tilled crops of different sizes.

часть окружности крышки, при этом сквозные ячейки выполнены круглой формы диаметром 14 мм, а крышка выполнена с возможностью перемещения вдоль оси конуса и поворота на 180° и имеет второй обод, расположенный на

часть окружности крышки, причем обод, расположенный ниже, в два раза шире верхнего обода.The technical result is achieved by the fact that a universal mechanical sowing device containing a truncated hollow rotating cone, which ends in rings, in the lower one of which are made through cells for seeds and the end of which is closed with a movable cover with a rim located on

part of the circumference of the lid, with the through cells made of a round shape with a diameter of 14 mm, and the lid is arranged to move along the axis of the cone and rotate 180 ° and has a second rim located on

part of the circumference of the lid, with the rim located below, twice as wide as the upper rim.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

FIG. 1 - 3D universal mechanical sowing unit, side view;

FIG. 2 - movable cover, side view;

FIG. 3 - a movable cover, front view;

FIG. 4 - diagrams of through cells, top view;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the arrangement of seeds in the segment of the through cell;

FIG. 6 shows the layout of the maximum seed size;

FIG. 7 is a single seed yield circuit;

FIG. 8 - scheme of continuous seeding.

The implementation of the invention

Universal mechanical sowing machine includes a truncated hollow cone 1 (Fig. 1), which ends in rings 2 and 3. The upper ring 2 is connected to the seed bin 4. On the lower ring 3 around the entire circumference are placed round through cells 5. A movable cover 6 is installed at the end part of the lower ring 3 (FIGS. 2, 3), part of which is equipped with two rims: upper 7 and lower 8. At the same time, the upper rim 7 covers only cells 5. The lower rim 8 is wide, its width is equal to twice the width of the upper rim 7. The movable cover 6 moves along the axis of the cone (not shown in Fig.) By the amount of arrow 9 of the segment of the through cell 5 by means of a screw mechanism 10, which serves as a lock. It is used to rotate the cover 6 around the axis by 180 °.

Seeds 11 sink into the end-to-end cells 5 and fall out into the seed tube (not shown in the figure).

Taking into account the maximum size of corn and sunflower, equal to 13 mm, the diameter of the through cell is d _i = 14 mm.

On this basis, the width of the upper rim 7:

- ширина кольца сквозных ячеек, мм;

- зазор между стенкой обода и сквозной ячейкой, мм.Where

- width of the ring of through cells, mm;

- the gap between the rim wall and the through cell, mm.

м;

мм:With

m;

mm:

w _but = 14 + 2 + 1 = 17 mm.

Lower rim width 8:

W _but = 2W _in ;

W _but = 2 ⋅ 17 = 34 mm.

Number of cells:

where D is the diameter of the lower ring, mm: t is the thickness of the ring between the cells, mm:

With D = 80 mm, t = 2 mm:

Depending on the size of the sown seeds, set the length of the arrow 9 - h of the segment of the through cell:

where d _in - the conditional diameter of the sown seed, mm;

d _max - the maximum diameter of the sown seed, mm;

K - the number of sizes of seed sown, pieces

where W, D, T - width, length, thickness of the seed, mm.

d _max = 13 mm;

K = 10 mm (from 2 mm to 11 mm).

For example: seeds are sown with d _in = 3mm.

Then:

So you need to take the movable cover to 1.9 mm. (Fig. 5).

When d _in = 13 mm, h = 80 mm. Therefore, the movable cover 6 can be pulled back completely, freeing the through cell 5 from the upper rim 7. The lower rim 8 completely overlaps the through cell, making it impossible for seeds 11 with a diameter of 13 mm to fall out. (Fig. 6).

The technological process of the universal mechanical seeding apparatus is as follows.

When precise sowing of seeds 11, the movable cover 6 is rotated around a horizontal axis and set the edge of the upper rim 7 at an angle to the horizontal plane equal to the angle of internal friction of the seeds ϕ _in .

Then, depending on the size of the seeded seeds 11, the screw mechanism 10 moves the movable cover 6 to the segment arrow corresponding to the size of the seeded seeds 11. The through cell 5 picks up one seed 11 and brings it to the top edge of the rim 7, where it falls into the seed tube. The remaining seeds 11 under the action of gravity flow down. (Fig. 7).

When sowing 11 grain crops of wheat, for example, wheat, the movable cover 6 is rotated 180 ° and the seeds 11, when rotating the cone 1, flow freely into the seed tube, (Fig. 8). To reduce the amount of seed supply 11, you can turn the movable cover 6 so that a part of the flow is blocked off by the rims 7 and 8. The seed supply 11 is controlled by the frequency of rotation of the cone 1.

The proposed mechanical sowing unit provides a single-grain seeding of seeds of 11 all tilled crops of different sizes. This will replace pneumatic sowing devices with complex design and operation.

Claims (1)

Universal mechanical sowing apparatus containing a truncated hollow rotating cone, which ends in rings, in the lower of which are made through the cells for seeds and the end of which is closed with a movable cover with a rim located on 1/2 of the lid circumference, characterized in that the through cells are made circular shape with a diameter of 14 mm, and the lid is configured to move along the axis of the cone and rotate 180 ° and has a second rim located on 1/2 of the lid circumference, the rim being located lower than, twice as wide as the upper rim.

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