RU2407271C2 - Vibration-pneumatic planting device for aligned planting of seed onion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises pneumatic drum, above which a vibration chute is fixed hingedly to make longitudinal oscillations. Outside of rim of pneumatic drum there is a groove, which has the shape of semicircumference in cross section, complying with shape of side surface of seed onions. Through slots of rectangular shape are arranged along whole circumference of groove bottom. Edges of pneumatic drum rim have flanges. Inner side surface of flanges in cross section is inclined at the angle of more than zero and below ninety degrees to vertical line.

EFFECT: device has simple design and may increase quality of seed onion planting when used.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for planting onion sets, more specifically to the planting apparatus of onion sets when planting.

Known reel and fork planting machines installed respectively on seeders SLN-8A and SLS-12 (Andreev Yu.M. Vegetable growing: A textbook for the head of professional education - M .: Publishing center center "Academy", 2003. - 256 pp .: il.), which are used in agriculture. The main disadvantages of the above-mentioned planting apparatuses are the high uneven distribution of the bulbs along the row and their arbitrary location in the furrow (according to the agrotechnical requirements, the bulbs should be placed bottom-down, with the bar up).

Known groove-disk sowing apparatus (Zinoviev Yu.I. Apparatus for sowing onion sets / Yu.I. Zinoviev, B.M.Baranovich. // Potatoes and vegetables. - 1970. - No. 11. - P.25) with the horizontal axis of rotation, in which the annular groove serves as the sowing element. The metering unit is located under the hopper. On the cylindrical surface of the disk there are reefs for better capture of bulbs from the hopper and feeding them into the groove. When the disk rotates under a layer of onions in the feeding chamber, an annular groove of the disk is filled, which is facilitated by reefs on its cylindrical surface. Partitions located on the radial surface of the groove eliminate slipping of bulbs in the groove and transport them to the furrow.

The disadvantages of the apparatus are the lack of orientation of the bulbs upside down, their damage, the need to calibrate the bulbs and the use of onion only rounded shape for sowing.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a French pneumomechanical disk apparatus with a horizontal axis of rotation (US Pat. France 1527099 Societe Bordron Freres Dispositif pour la Plantation autonigus de bulbes doignon ou Sinilaires. Brevet dinvention. 04/22/68). The capture of bulbs and their transportation to the place of ejection is combined: mechanical - with forks and pneumatic - with suction holes.

The pneumomechanical device itself is made in the form of a hollow drum. On the rim of the drum there are holes with a diameter slightly larger than the size of the bulb. Outside, a flexible elastic band (ring) is worn on the rim with holes smaller than on the rim. The centers of the holes of the rim and the flexible strip are the same. When creating a vacuum in the inner cavity of the drum, a flexible strip is drawn into the holes of the drum and forms nests (cells) to which the bulbs are attached. The forks are mounted on movable rings, and the suction holes on the rotating housing at the base of the forks. At the bottom of the hopper there are slots for the passage of forks. When the casing rotates, the forks pass through the slots of the hopper, capture the bulbs, leading them to the suction hole. Under the action of forks and suction efforts, the bulbs are removed from the hopper and transported to the coulter, where after shielding the vacuum they fall into the furrow formed by the coulter.

The disadvantages of the described apparatus are: no orientation of the bulbs, the complexity of the design of the apparatus, damage to the bulbs when they are selected with forks from the hopper, possible uneven layout of the bulbs along the row.

The present invention is directed to the downwardly oriented planting of seeds of bulbs, to increase their uniformity of distribution when laying along the row, to simplify the design of the device.

The problem is solved in that in a vibrating-pneumatic planting apparatus for oriented planting of onion sets containing a pneumatic drum, a vibrating chute is mounted pivotally over the pneumatic drum to perform longitudinal vibrations, a groove having a cross section of the side surface of the onion bulbs is made outside the rim of the pneumatic drum (semicircle), through the entire circumference of the bottom of the groove, through holes are made of rectangular shape, the edges of the rim have flanges, the inner side surface of which in cross-section inclined at an angle greater than zero and less than ninety degrees to the vertical.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 presents the technological scheme of a vibratory-pneumatic planting apparatus for oriented planting of onion sets. Figure 2 - pneumatic drum (front and side view).

The vibratory-pneumatic planting apparatus for oriented planting of the onion-set consists of a vibration chute 2 and a pneumatic drum 3. The vibration chute 2 is pivotally mounted on the bottom of the hopper 1 at an angle to the horizon 5-10 ° more than the angle of friction of the bulbs on sheet metal, and the upper end of the vibration chute is located under the discharge window of the hopper 1, and the lower one above the groove of the pneumatic drum 3.

Vibration chute 2 is designed for piece-by-piece feeding of bulbs oriented with a pin down from the hopper to the pneumatic drum 3. It is an open chute with inclined walls and a curved bottom surface. The vibration chute 2 oscillates under the action of the eccentric mechanism 4.

The pneumatic drum 3 is designed to transport the bulbs from the vibrating trough 2 to the place of planting and stacking them in the furrow with the bottom down, as well as sealing the bulbs in the furrow in the down-oriented position. It consists of a housing 5 and a cover 6, forming a hollow drum in which a vacuum is created, for which a tube 7 with holes is connected to it, on which a screen 8 is mounted, designed to separate the zones of rarefaction and atmospheric pressure. Outside the rim of the pneumatic drum 3 there is a groove 10 with a width slightly larger than the diameter of the bulb, having in cross section the shape of the side surface of the bulb of sevka (semicircle). Through the entire circumference of the bottom of the groove 10, rectangular slots 11 are made, through which the pressure created inside the pneumatic drum enters the groove 10. This arrangement of the slots 11 allows the bulbs to come out from the vibration chute along the entire circumference of the groove 10. There are flanges 9 on the edges of the rim , the inner side surface of which in cross section is inclined at an angle greater than zero and less than ninety degrees to the vertical. The ribs 9 are designed to seal the bulbs in the furrow in the bottom-oriented bottom.

Vibration-pneumatic planting apparatus operates as follows. Bulbs falling from the hopper 1 onto the vibration chute 2 in an arbitrary position, due to the design of the vibration chute 2, the forces of inertia and gravity, as well as the physicomechanical properties of the onion sets, are aligned one bulb and are transported to the exit of the vibration chute 2 in a stable position with reliance on the pole (point 1) and the body (point 2). Descending from the gutter, the bulbs fall onto the pneumatic drum 3 into the rarefaction zone of the surface of the groove 10. Since the density of the sticks is much lower than the density of the body of the bulb, the stick is immediately attracted through the slots 11 to the surface of the groove 10 and transported to the landing site, where the screen 8 of the landing drum cuts off the vacuum and the bulb bottom down fit into the furrow. The pneumatic drum rolls on the surface of the field, relying on flanges 9, which close the furrow at the same time as the bulbs are laid in the furrow, which does not allow the bulbs to lose their orientation.

As a result of the described, a high degree of orientation of the bulbs is achieved due to the physical properties of the onion set (the presence of a pole and different density of the pole and body) and their ability to orient themselves in the air flow by the pole in the direction of air movement, and a high degree of uniformity of the distribution of the bulbs along the row is achieved, how the supply of bulbs goes on piece by piece.

The proposed vibratory-pneumatic planting apparatus will allow, in comparison with the prototype, to improve the quality of planting onion sets, as a result of which the estimated increase in yield of turnip will be 20-25%. The mechanism is not complicated in design and operation.

Claims (1)

Vibrating-pneumatic planting apparatus for oriented planting of onion-set, containing a pneumatic drum, characterized in that a vibrating chute is pivotally mounted with the possibility of longitudinal vibrations above the pneumatic drum, while a groove having a semicircular cross-section in cross section is made outside the rim of the pneumatic drum the shape of the lateral surface of the onion bulbs, and through the circumference of the bottom of the grooves, through holes are made of rectangular shape, and the edges of the rim have m flange, an inner side surface which in cross section is inclined at an angle greater than 0 and less than 90 ° to the vertical.

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